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UNESCO IOC ITIC provides this English translation for portions of the original document with the kind permission from the Shizuoka Prefectural Government.
-- the speed of tsunami runup onto the land is almost the same as that of human beings running at full speed. (Some could survive by running full speed in case of 1983 Japan Sea Earthquake) 3. Wavelength of Tsunami -- wavelength of tsunami is 10km or so and very long (so cannot feel in the offshore) (vessels are guided to go to the offshore when they have time in case of earthquakes) 4. Period of Tsunami (the period is at most 10 seconds when affected by storm surge) (because of the long period, water inundates widely even trough the slight apertures) (in the past, water even inundated to the land trough water pipes for sewage) 5. Tsunami Height -- tsunami height sharply gets higher when the water depth gets shallower (along the shoaling coasts, tsunami can be in the form of breaking waves)
When it gets shallower, tsunami slows down and the following waves overlap to the front.
-- tsunami height sharply gets higher in the V-shaped bays (sometimes waves are oscillated in the bay and amplified)
-- Runup to the cliffs (inundates as far as the tsunami height along the coasts)
2. Runup to the Rivers -- tsunami runs-up quicker than onto the lands so it inundates trough the unexpected places
Tsunami Shape Wooden Houses Stone Houses Reinforced Concrete Houses Fishing Vessels
Tide
Swell-up
Fish-Culture Damage Occurs Rafts Villages along Damage Occurs Coasts Splash Wave Height (m)
50% Damaged
100% Damaged
4. Give up preserving or bringing your possessions (property, boat, etc.) -- Many people were involved in tsunami when they went back to their houses to bring their valuables or when they went back to see if their boats were all right -- A few minutes delay often takes lives away
5. Daily measures for safety are important such as fixing furniture, arranging passages, etc. -- cannot evacuate if furniture falls at earthquakes or passages are messy -- basic domestic measures for earthquakes are important 6. When tsunami begins to inundate, give up evacuating to the far places, but try to go to as high places as possible that are closer. -- the possibility of falling down by floating debris in water gets higher and it makes it more difficult to evacuate -- sometimes, even tsunami with height of about 50cm takes our lives away due to strong water currents
7. Evacuate as far as possible from hard stuff (rocks, sea walls, etc.) -- When involved in tsunami, in many cases people are drowned by being flung against hard solid structures like the rocks or concrete and fainted or become injured 8. Evacuate to the second or third buildings from the coasts rather than the first ones in front of the coasts when there is no other way to evacuate to the buildings -- Dont evacuate to the first row of buildings fronting the coasts. If there is no other option, evacuate to the second or third row of buildings from the coasts.
# In emergency, there is a limit for an evacuation directive by the administration. # Each local autonomous disaster prevention organization, business establishment and individual should examine tsunami evacuation measures in daily life considering the local tsunami characteristics well.