American Nicaraguan School SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

CHEMISTRY
Name: ______________________________________________________________________ Date: _________________

Worksheet #2

Section 7.3: Formulas and Percentage Composition Worksheet

Instructor: Mr. Vince Hernandez. MFSc, MEd, B.S.

I. Solve.
1. Calculate the empirical formula for each of the following substances: a. 55.5% Ca and 44.5% S b. 78.3% Ba and 21.7% F c. 7.0% Zn and 24.0% P d. 29.1% Na, 40.1% S, and 30.3% O e. 19.8% C, 2.20% H, and 78.0% Cl

2. In an experiment, 1.2 g iron combines with oxygen to give a compound that has a mass of 1.80 g. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 3. Calculate the percentage composition by mass of each of the following compounds: a. MgF2, magnesium fluoride b. Ca(OH)2, calcium hydroxide c. C4H8O4, erythrose d. (NH4)3PO4, ammonium phosphate 4. Calculate the percent by mass of N in each of the following compounds. a. N2O5, dinitrogen pentoxide b. NH4NO3, ammonium nitrate, fertilizer c. C2H8N2, dimethylhydrazine, rocket fuel d. C9H15N5O, Rogaine, stimulates hair growth e. C14H22N2O, Lidocaine, local anesthetic 5. Glyoxyl, used in textiles; maleic acid, used to retard oxidation of fats and oils; and acontic acid, a plasticizer, all have the same empirical formula CHO. However, they each have a different experimental molar mass: glyoxyl 58.0 g, maleic acid 116.1 g, and acontic acid 174.1 g. What are the molecular formulas of glyoxyl, maleic acid, and acontic acid? 6. Vanillic acid contains 57.14% C, 4.80% H, and 38.06% O and has a molar mass of 168.1 g. What is the molecular formula of vanillic acid? 7. During excessive physical activity, lactic acid (molar mass 90.08 g/mol) forms in muscle tissue and is responsible for muscle soreness. Elemental analysis shows that this compound contains 40.0% C, 6.71% H, and 53.3% O. Determine the empirical and molecular formula of lactic acid. 8. For many years chloroform (CHCl3) was used as an inhalation anesthetic in spite of the fact that it is also a toxic substance that may cause severe liver, kidney, and heart damage. Calculate the percent composition by mass of this compound.

9. Peroxyacylnitrate (PAN) is one of the components of smog. It is a compound of C, H, N, and O. Determine the percent composition of oxygen and the empirical formula from the following percent composition by mass: 19.8% C, 2.50% H, 11.6% N. What is its molecular formula given that its molar mass is about 120 g? 10. Butane is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen that is used as a fuel in butane lighters. Its empirical formula is C2H5 and its molar mass is 58.12 g/mol. Find its molecular formula. 11. The rotten smell of decaying animal carcass is partially due to a nitrogen-containing compound called putrescine. Elemental analysis of putrescine. Elemental analysis of putrescine showed that is consisted of 54.50% C, 13.73% H, and 31.77% N. Calculate the empirical formula of putrescine. 12. Calculate the empirical formula for acetaminophen (Tylenol): C, 63.56%, H, 6.00%; N, 9.27%; O, 21.17%. 13. Naphthalene is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen that is often used in mothballs. Its empirical formula is C5H4 and its molar mass is 128.16 g/mol. Find its molecular formula. 14. Melamine, which is used to make plastic items such as dishes and toys, contains 28.57% carbon, 4.80% hydrogen, and 66.64% nitrogen. If the molar mass is 126.13 g, what is the molecular formula of melanine? 15. Iron pyrite, commonly known as fools gold, is 46.5% Fe and 53.5% S. What is the empirical formula of fools gold. 16. Adenine is a nitrogen-containing compound found in DNA and RNA. If adenine has a composition of 44.5% C, 3.70% H, and 51.8% N and a molar mass of 135.1 g, what is the molecular formula? 17. Chloral hydrate, a sedative contains C 14.52%, H 1.83%, Cl 64.30%, and O 19.35%. What is the empirical formula of chloral hydrate? 18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) cures scurvy. It is composed of 40.92% C, 4.58% H, and 54.50% O by mass. Determine its empirical formula. 19. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a colorless, syrupy liquid used ion detergents, fertilizers, toothpastes, and in carbonated beverages for a tangy flavor. Calculate the percent composition of H, P, and O in this compound. 20. Cinnamic alcohol is used mainly in perfumery, particularly in soaps, and cosmetics. Its formula is C9H10O. Calculate the percent composition by mass of C, H, and O.