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Nodes in a SS7 Network are called Signaling Points (SPs) 3 Types of Signaling Points are distinguished
Service Switching Points (SSPs) are originators and terminators of signaling messages, such as local exchanges Service Control Points (SCPs) are typically databases, such as the line information database (LIDB) or the HLR/VLR in wireless networks Signal Transfer Points (STPs) are SS7 packet switches, or routers, which route packets through the network
SCP SCP
A-Links
A-Links
SSP SSP
F-Link
SCP = Service Control Point STP = Signal Transfer Point SSP = Service Switching Point SN = Service Node IP = Intelligent Peripheral
SSP SSP
IP IP
SN SN
The Foundation of Innovation
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BSC BSC
AUC = Authentication Center BSC = Base Station Controller EIR = Equipment Identity Register HLR = Home Location Register MSC = Mobile Switching Center VLR = Visitor Location Register
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BSC BSC
Network ID 8 Zone ID 3
Cluster ID 8
Member ID 8
Area/Network ID 8
SP ID 3
ITU-T - 14 bits
Cluster ID 7
Japan - 16 bits
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ISUP
TUP
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Recommended Interfaces:
DS0 (timeslot in a T1 or E1) V.35 DS0-A (not supported on Tx Series)
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Signal Units
3 Types of Signal Units (SUs) are transferred on SS7 links
Message Signal Units (MSUs) are the actual signaling messages, maximum 272 bytes signaling information Link Status Signal Units (LSSUs) carry status information regarding the link between MTP-2 entities; 6 or 7 bytes long Fill-In Signal Units (FISUs) are constantly transmitted when there are no other SUs to send (5 bytes long); this allows monitoring of the quality of the link even when traffic is low
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FISU
F L G 8
CRC 16
SF 8 or 16 2
LI 6
F F B I FSN I BSN L G B B 1 7 1 7 8
LSSU
F L G 8
CRC 16
SIO 8 2
LI 6
F F B I FSN I BSN L G B B 1 7 1 7 8
MSU
Link Activation successful only if error rate during proving period is sufficiently low
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MTP-3 Functions
Message Handling
Message Discrimination Message Routing Message Distribution
Network Management
Traffic Management Route Management Link Management
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CK
SIF
SIO
LI
B F I FSN I BSN F B B 1 7 1 7 8
16
Signaling Information
Routing Label
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CK
SIF
SIO
LI
B F I FSN I BSN F B B 1 7 1 7 8
16
Sub-Service Field
00xx International 01xx Spare (Int'l use) 10xx National 11xx Spare (Nat'l use)
Service Indicator
0 1-2 3 4 5 Network Mgmt Network Test SCCP TUP ISUP
...
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ISUP
TUP
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SCCP Overview
SCCP extends the network service provided by MTP-3 by:
Adding a Subsystem Number (SSN) to the addressing capabilities for extended message distribution within a node (remember MTP-3 has only a 4-bit service indicator to identify the user or application part) Adding a Global Title for extended addressing and routing flexibility Adding 4 classes of service (2 connectionless, 2 connectionoriented) for an OSI-like network layer service
SCCP adds its own management functions for keeping track of SP and subsystem status
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TCAP Overview
TCAPs basic function is to allow a signaling application to invoke one or more operations (e.g., database queries, remote call processing commands) at a remote SP and receive the results of the invocation TCAP implements a transaction dialog between 2 user applications using the SCCP connectionless service TCAP transactions can be
Unidirectional (no response) Simple query/response Conversational dialogs with multiple invoke/result components exchanged between applications
Closely aligned with the OSI Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) X.219
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User Application
SCCP
MTP
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Each component may optionally include one or more parameters (e.g., called party number, business group ID, etc.) Invoke components include an operation code which identifies the remote operation being requested (application-protocol-specific)
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