The United States Jaycees

An organization of young men whose aims are personal growth and leadership training while providing solutions to community problems. The philosophies of the Jaycees are embodied in the Jaycee Creed. adopted in its present form in 1951. and authored by the late C. William Brownfield. THE JAYCEE CREED We believe: That faith in God gives meaning and purpose to human life; That the brotherhood of man transcends the sovereignty of nations: That economic justice can best be won by free men through free enterprise; That government should be of laws rather than of men: That earth's great treasure lies in human personality; And that service to humanity is the best work of life.

Pursuing these philosophies. Jaycees are involved in programs to meet specific local community needs as well as programs of national and international interest. The Jaycee process offers a three fold benefit to its members. Through the Individual Development programs, Jaycees are helped to realize their personal potential in such areas as goal setting. family communications. leadership skills. human relations, public speaking and spiritual development. The Management Development programs offer Jaycees opportunities to study and develop actual skills in personnel management. financial management, planning and organization. Through action programs in the community, Community Development programs, Jaycees gain needed leadership experience and become more sensitive to the needs of those around them. These three aspects of the organization combine to form what is known as the "total Jaycee concept." of Commerce. but its determination to become involved in all issues with all young men, led to a name change in 1965 to "Jaycees" - thereby not implying a direct alliance with any other organization. The United States Jaycees can now serve all young men between thE ages of 18 and 35. with organizations that are affiliated but remain autonomous at the local. state. national and international levels. They are served by a national headquarters staff located in Tulsa. Oklahoma providing information on programs, membership and other areas.

,c The United States Jaycees~ A Leadership Training Organization

Table of Contents
PagE

Introduction

Chapter One - The First Step

Your Personal Inventory

.
4

Chapter Two - Marketing Yourself

The Resume

.
11

Chapter Three - Where the Jobs Are

Sources of Job Informa tion

.
23

Chapter Four - Showcasing Your Merchandise The Job In t e rv i e w

Bi b I iog ra ph y

.
26 32

.~

LJ

INTRODUCTION
You want a job and you feel somewhere an employer has the job you want - one that provides challenges and opportunities for advancement. To find that job, you need to execute a well-planned job search. You have a product to sell - yourself. What you need to know is how you can market your product most effectively. Whether you are just out of college and ready to start your career or are looking for a new position after ten years of experience, some of the techniques presented in this workbook may help you. Suggestions are offered on: Where to find more information about jobs for which you are qualified. Where to learn about job opportunities in your field. How to present yourself through a resume that convinces an employer you are the person for the job. How to write a letter of application that catches an employer's interest and makes him want to talk with you. How to best present your qualifications in a job interview. Complete the personal inventory. Use the resume section to prepare your resume and familiarize yourself with the interview questions. Use this workbook to prepare to apply for the job you've always dreamed of. Keep in mind this workbook is only an aid; using it is not a guarantee you will gain employment.

CHAPTER

THE FIRST STEP

Your Personal Inventory

Taking a personal inventory is the most important step in your jOb search You must take this step before you file your first application A personal inventory is your own detailed. realistic inventory of your qualifications. Interests and limitations. You must know and understand yourself to be prepared to answer the interview questions that give an employer insight to your qualifications. interests and limitations. If you do not. then how do you expect a potential employer to be interested in you? You can begin your personal inventory by asking yourself a few simple questions: What jobs have I had? What did Ilike about each? What skills do I have? What equipment can I operate? What education do I have? What type of work does my education qualify me to perform? What are my Interests? Do I have any special talents or aptitudes? Am I limited in any physical way? What kind of job do I want? Now that you have thought about these questions. you can begin your personalmventory. Later you can select the data relevant to the job you seek. 4

1. Work History
List all your jobs, including part-time, summer and freelance work. Start with your most recent employment. For each job, give the name and address of your employer, your job title, the details of your duties and the dates you were employed. Then answer the additional questions. Employer Address Job Title and Responsibilities _ _ _

Dates From

To

_ _

What did I like about this job?

Why? What did I dislike about this job? _

Why? Why did I leave?

_ _

Employer Address Job Title and Responsibilities -----------------

_ _

Dates From

To -----_

What did I like about this job?

Why? What did I dislike about this job?

_ _

Why?

Why did I leave?

-------------------------------Employer Address Job Title and Responsibilities _ _ _

Dates From

To

What did I like about this job?

Why? What did I dislike about this job?

_ _

Why? Why did I leave?

_ _

Employer Address Job Title and Responsibilities _

Dates From

To

What did I like about this job?

Why? What did I dislike about this job?

_ _

Why? Why did Ileave?

_ _

2. Skills and Abilities .

What personal qualities do I have that make me good at certain tasks? What do I do best? _

To answer these questions, think back over your job experience, school activities and volunteer efforts. What special knowledge or information do I have? _

Are your strong points initiative, imagination, leadership, ability to organize, willingness to follow orders, interest in detail or ability to work with people? (Be honest or this work will not be worth the time you spend.) What did I learn on-the-job that I can use in another position? What equipment can I operate? _

What specific job skills do I possess?

(i.e., blueprint reading, cash register operation, etc.)

3. Education.
High School Attended Address Subjects of Major Interest Dates From Diploma Yes College Attended Address Major Minor _ To No _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Dates From Degree Yes

To No

_ Type __ . _

List any vocational, business. military, on-the-job training or special courses you took (e.g. Jaycee Individual Development programs). the dates and any diplomas or certificates you received. Additional Training Training Dates From Diploma or certificate Training Dates From Diploma or certificate Training Dates From Diploma or certificate Training Dates From Diploma or certificate Then ask yourself: Which courses or training did I like best? _ Yes To _ No _ Yes To _ ____ _ No _. _ _ Yes To No .__ _ Yes To _ No _ _ _

Why? Which courses or training did I dislike?

_ _

Why? Now list your extracurricular received in school: Extracurricular activities: activities. scholarships

_ and honors you _

Scholarships

received:

_ _

Honors received:

If you are a recent graduate. your activities and honors may be a significant part of your job qualifications. Even if the activities do not directly relate to a job, they may help you decide your best talents and

interests. (e.g. Did you enjoy being on the debate team? Did you excel in sports?)

4. Interests, Talents and Aptitudes.

What are my hobbies? _

What are my volunteer activities?

What natural talents do I have? (Le. Can I fix a car? Playa instrument? Draw or paint pictures?)

musical _

What type of work do I learn easily? (Le. mechanical, mathematical, etc.)

musical, artistic, _

What do I consider my ideal job?

What are my chances of getting it? How can I relate my talents and interests to the job?

_ _

5. Do I have a physical handicap or limitation which will effect my qualifying for a 6. Is it necessary for me to change my field of work?-

job?--------

7. How long can I sustain myself if I quit my job?-8. Career Goals.

What type of work do I want to be doi ng five (5) or ten (10) years from now? _ _

Type of work Responsibilities

Type of work Responsibilities

_ _

What sort of jobs should I be looking for in order to reach my goal? _

Type of jobs needed to reach my goal:

9. Jobs I Want.
Now that you have organized your personal data, study it carefully. List the types of jobs you feel you are best qualified for and want. List them in order of preference. Job Title Why I am qualified for this job _ _

Job Title Why I am qualified for this job

_ _

Job Title Why I am qualified for this job

_ _

If you have completed your inventory, you are ready to move on. But perhaps you have considered all the factors in your background and still are not ready to answer the key question, "What type of job do I want?" If you need to learn more about the types of jobs which exist, a good source of information is your public library. Libraries have a number of books that tell you about specific careers. During your research. be sure to consult the Occupational Outlook Handbook. published by the U.S Department of Labor. The handbook gives the latest information about more than 800 jobs. The information listed with each occupation tells about the work involved. where the jobs are located. what training and other qualifications are needed and the chances for advancement. It also lists wages, work conditions and assesses future job opportunities. There is also a reference listing which tells you where to find additional information about jobs that interest you. An additional source of help is your nearby state employment office. Information is available about jobs and the qualifications needed to fill them. Your personal inventory IS the hardest part of your job search. Yet it is the key to help you minimize the problems you encounter as you look for employment 10

CHAPTER

MARKETING YOURSELF .
The Resume

If you are seeking a professional, technical, administrative or managerial job, it is recommended you have a resume. One is also needed for many clerical and sales positions. Although experts disagree concerning the value of a resume - it is valuable because it shows your career progress and outlines your ability to achieve your goals. Initial screening of applications generally happens before personal interviews and is based on what is submitted in writing. To find work, you must understand the basic principles of a resume. The resume is the document in which you combine your skills, the type of job you want and your knowledge of the job market. A resume is a living statement which is continually changed and updated. Your skills and abilities change, depending on your different experiences each year. The job market may change too, so you will want to emphasize different aspects of your background to meet the new market. Your personal inventory should contain all the information you need to prepare your resume. You must select, arrange and organize the raw materials from your inventory in the best way to relate your background to the job you seek. Your first task is to select the data you want to use. Ask yourself: Which parts of my training and experience are relevant to my job goal? What parts, if any, are unrelated? Give all pertinent details about your experience. But be brief in listing unrelated jobs; they're of little interest to a prospective employer. Next you must arrange the information you have selected. To catch an employer's attention, plan to list your best qualifications early in your resume. Ask yourself: Is my work experience the most important part of my resume? Or will an employer be more interested in my education and training?

11

Basic Resume Principles

There are three types of resumes discussed In this chapter functional chronological and portfolio At any given time a person may have two or even three types. depending on the desired job. A person chooses a resume style because it most effectively shows his achievements Included In this chapter is a suggested outline. sample resume types and notes indicating In which situation each resume can be most effective. Including personal Information on resumes is not encouraged Information such as age. mantal status. children and their ages and spouses occupation should not be Included One way to make sure these matters are not used in the Initial screening process ISto leave them off the resume. You should always provide adequate information on a resume for an employer to contact you Your address and telephone number should be correct If possible. list a second telephone number where messages can be left. A resume is a positive statement about yourself Do not include negative reasons for leaving earlier jobs. qualifying statements about the nature of the work done ("part-tIme only" "volunteer work," etc.) or statements indicating a decrease In salary or responsibilities Potential employers tend to underestimate an applicant's skills. Do not use Job descnptions developed by a company or agency to define your work responsibilities. These descriptions stress the routine work done and leave out your IndiVidual achievements. List achievements such as "changed a procedure" "developed new rules," etc. Mention any special awards received. If you have more than one Job objective, you have two alternatives: You can list the Jobs you are qualified for In order of preference Your resume should Include all data relevant to each Job you apply for This Will give you one all-purpose resume It has the clear advantage of simpliCity and speed You can prepare In advance as many copies as you need so you'll have them ready to pass out whenever you need them. 2. You can make separate resumes for different types of jobs You may Wish to do this in the follOWing situations. If your job goals are In separate fields (for example. research assistant. copywnter or English teacher). If you will approach several types of Institutions, which may place more value on different aspects of your background. (For example. one may emphasize certain academiC degrees, while a second is Interested in a particular part of your job experience and still another may be looking for clues to your personal traits, such as ability to persuade or deal tactfully With others) If pOSSible, your resume should be typewntten If you can't type It yourself. having a copy typed is a good investment. You may need anywhere from two to 200 copies, depending on the type of Job you seek. the supply and demand in your field and the geographic area you wish to cover If your distnbutlon needs are large and you can use the same resume Without change for any employer a good practice ISto have enough copies duplicated for your antiCipated needs. Avoid passing out carbon copies. Carbons advertise that you gave the original to someone else If you need only a few copies, an alternate method ISto hand-print your resume clearly In Ink If you are sending a number of resumes or are applYing for a position 12

The Details -

They Do Make A Difference.

with hundreds of other applicants, there are ways to make your resume more eye-catching. You can have it duplicated on colored paper. You can have a printer typeset it in a striking print style. If you can do hand-lettering, you can hand-letter your resume. If you decide to make your resume more eye-catching, you must carefully consider the reader's viewpoint. There is a potential of leaving that individual with a negative or positive impression. With one exception, the names of references are not generally included on your resume. This is because you may use one kind of reference for one job and a different one for another. The exception is to list the name of a person who's highly respected and well known in the community or a person well known in the field of work for which you are applying. Otherwise, on the resume state "References provided upon request." A resume does not substitute for a personal meeting with the person doing the hiring. It can, however, be a first step toward getting that meeting. For this reason, submission of a resume should always be followed with at least a telephone call and, at best, a personal meeting with the person doing the hiring. Your resume should not be left only in the hands of the personnel department. Others to get the resumes include: the person actually doing the hiring, his superior and anyone else in the community who may be helping you find a job or who might have a job opening in the future.

Suggested Outline For Your Resume

PERSONAL DATA. Begin with your name, address and telephone number. No other personal data needs to be included in your resume. However, if you prefer to do so, that's up to you. 2. EMPLOYMENT OBJECTIVE. Indicate the kind of job you are seeking. If you are qualified for several jobs and are preparing one all-purpose resume, list them in order of your preference. 3. WORK HISTORY. You can organize this information in two ways. Choose the one that presents your work experience the best. a. By job List each job separately (even if the jobs were within the same firm), starting with the most recent one and working backward. For each job, list: Dates of employment. Name and address of employer and nature of his business . Position you held. Then describe your job, showing: Specific job duties-the tasks you performed, including any special assignments and use of special instruments or equipment. Scope of responsibility - your place in the organization, how many people you supervised and, in turn, the degree of supervision you received. Accomplishments - if possible, give concrete facts and figures. b. By function List the functions (fields of specialization or types of work, such as engineering, sales promotion or personnel management) you performed that are related to your present job objectives. Then, describe briefly the work you have done in each of these fields without breaking it down by individual jobs. 1.

13

4.

5.

6.

EDUCATION (IF THIS IS YOUR MAIN SELLING POINT. PUT IT BEFORE YOUR WORK HISTORY). List your formal education giving: High school (can be omitted if you have a higher degree), college or graduate school. Dates of graduation or when leaving school. Degrees or certificates received. Major and minor subjects and other courses related to your job goal. Scholarships and honors. Extracurricular activities (if you are a recent graduate and your activities pertain to your job goal). MILITARY EXPERIENCE. list your military service if it is recent or pertinent to your job goal, indicating: Branch and length of service. Major duties, including details of assignments related to the job you seek. List pertinent military training here or under your education. MISCEllANEOUS. If appropriate to your field of work, give such information as: Knowledge of foreign languages. Volunteer or leisure activities. Special skills, such as typing. shorthand or ability to operate special equipment. Membership in professional organizations. Articles published, inventions or patents.

-~-~
The Functional Resume:
Is an outline of your qualifications (sometimes called a qualification brief). Is tailored to the specific jOb you want. Selects functions of jobs and relates your experience to those functions. Is useful in eliminating statements not relevant to the job you are seeking. (e.g., unrelated work experience, education not strictly on target and gaps in employment.) Is accepted in many situations but some employers may not have experience with this form or be comfortable with it. Allows the person with more volunteer or home experience to translate that experience into skills statements. This shows how it directly relates to specific work activities. 14

SAMPLE FUNCTIONAL

RESUME 1

George Sanger P.O. Box 104 Pryor, OK 74141

(918) 898-5555 (918) 842-3173

OBJECTIVE Public relations career with dynamic, growth-oriented QUALIFICATIONS Experience in managing and directing sales, development of promotional packets and brochures, organizing sales incentive programs, handling advertising, publicity and public speaking, designing and implementing successful sales programs. EXPERIENCE ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION: Managed all advertising and sales for one year for large resort hotel, resulting in nearly 100% occupancy year-round. Developed promotional packets for Lakeside City Chamber of Commerce. Initiated programs and advertising campaigns for business and professional chamber members during a three-year period. WRITING AND SPEAKING: Wrote copy for brochures, weekly articles for local newspapers, promotional material for city programs and corporate newsletter for residents and guests. Wrote advertising copy for print, radio and TV for a variety of advertising agency accounts. Spoke to civic organizations and service clubs, representing Lakeside Chamber of Commerce. SALES: Organized resort sales-incentive program resulting in increase of total group sales of 20% in a one-year period. Sold Chamber of Commerce memberships and increased membership from 120 to more than 250 in a three-year period, while increasing membership dues at the same time. MANAGEMENT: Directed staff of seven in advertising Chamber of Commerce office with Award for Best First-Year Chamber nine in an editorial department that department of resort hotel. Managed two secretaries. Won Texas Hollins Executive, 1981. Supervised a staff of produced six weekly newspapers. corporation.

EDUCA TION 1976-'78, University of Texas, English, History; marketing and advertising, Marshall Career College. 1979-'80, studied

REFERENCES AVAILABLE

UPON REQUEST.

15

SAMPLE FUNCTIONAL

RESUME 2

George Sanger P.O. Box 84 Dallas, TX 75204

(214) 944-7771 (214) 944-2815

WHA T I WANT Opportunity allowing me to use my past expenence and people-related skills. WHAT I DO Recruit, train and supervise professional staff people Select. administer and Interpret standardized measurement instruments Plan and conduct awareness and communications seminars for men and women Develop career-planning programs for other agencies Design. develop and teach courses concerning job-sear~h techniques Make presentations to business community-individuals and groups-regarding use of agency services Design. implement and coordinate a complete vocational counseling service Write a monthly column for Equal Times newspaper Assist in developing and maintaining a network of service agencies engaged in serving the same clientele to avoid duplicating services Work with businesses on an individual and informal basis to assist them in achieving equal opportunity programs Design, compile and edit bi-monthly magazine, The Bank Book WHAT I'VE DONE Currently director. Employment Information Service. 3220 Lemmon Avenue. Dallas. Texas 75204 Freelance writer of non-fiction Instructor of Developmental Writing. Eastfield College, 1982 Teacher of English at R.L. Turner High School. Carrollton. Texas. and John F. Kennedy High School, Bloomington. Minnesota. 19771980 Speech therapist for grades K-9. Reynoldsburg. Ohio. Public Schools, 1976-1977. WHERE I STARTED M.Ed. in guidsnce and counseling (psychology minor), North Texas State University, Denton, Texas, granted 1982 B.S. in Ed., Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau. Missouri, granted 1976

REFERENCES AVAILABLE

UPON REQUEST

16

The Chronological

Resume

Is a tailored format. Lists positions held in chronological order, beginning with the most recent, with dates of employment, names of employers, titles held and areas of responsibilities. This is a job history. May include publications, honors/awards, hobbies, etc. Is best if work experience is sequential, recent and continuous; demonstrates a progressive career development; indicates whether you plan to stay in the same career field. Be reasonable about how much you list. It isn't necessary to go back to high school if you've been out 20 years. Generally, a ten-year time span is sufficient. Is also best suited for applications to organizations with a traditional conservative nature. SAMPLE CHRONOLOGICAL RESUME 1

Kevin Hernandez 14 Camelback Road Phoenix, AZ 84220 OBJECTIVE Sales Manager in a large department section.

(602) 281-3243 (602) 281-3151

store, preferably in the appliance

EXPERIENCE 1980-Present Goldwaters Sales Person Work in variety of departments including: menswear, sporting goods, small appliances. Provide information on specific products, work with a large computerized cash register system, work under stress during such periods as Christmas season. 1970-'80 Moss' Small Appliance Sales Person Managed parts counter. Maintained inventory, ordered and shipped stock. Serviced and repaired appliances. 1967-'70 Hertz Rent-A-Car Representative Car rental representative for Hertz Rent-A-Car office in Phoenix airport. Responsible for taking car reservations for airline passengers, providing clear information about available models and complex rate systems, solving crisis situations if a rental car breaks down or the client finds the car unsuitable. EDUCATION 1965, Phoenix Union High School, graduate 1982, Goldwaters, Salesmanship Training Seminar 1983, Phoenix College, "Body-Language: How to Improve your Non-Verbal Communication." REFERENCES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST

Note: This man could do a functional resume but he has specific work experience related to his current jab goal which he wants to emphasize. 17

SAMPLE CHRONOLOGICAL

RESUME 2

Richard Jones 3020 Warehouse Road Salt Lake City, UT 37522 WORK EXPERIENCE 6/80 - Present

(801) 533-4221 (801) 547-4330

l
I

1/79 - 6/80

11/78 - 1/79

6/78-9/78

Freelance writer. New York City, New York. Edited West 75th Block Association Newsletter, directed creative writing workshop for Phoenix House Drug Program, conducted neighborhood seminars in poetry, drama and current events. Copywriter, WTIC AM/FM, Hartford, Connecticut. Wrote live copy for local and national accounts. wrote promotional and non-profit material, handled public relations for advertising and compiled sports programming packages. Editorial Assistant. Connecticut Judicial Department. Helped edit general law ledger for judges. organized seminars, tours and lectures for continuing education and research. General Assistant. KALL AM/FM, Salt Lake City, Utah. Front-desk receptionist. ran all station contests, wrote public service announcements, scheduled all FM commercial traffic. B.A. English/Creative Writing, University of Utah. Graduated cum laude. Editorial Assistant and Poetry Editor of Wasatch Front literary magazine: awarded 1976 scholarship to Summer Writer's Workshop led by Ann Stanford, gave campus and radio poetry readings, tutored high school writing students.

EDUCA TIOI\J 9/74 - 3/78

PERSONAL BACKGROUND Born and raised in Evanston, Illinois. Honors graduate from Evanston Township High School, 1974. Active in producing literary magazine.

REFERENCES AND PORTFOLIO AVAILABLE

UPON REQUEST.

..

-~-~ -~-~ -

... ... .... ...--

- -

_~

18

The Portfolio Resume

Is a tailored format. Lists experience in a specific field relative to the job. Identifies your successes. Is acceptable, but some employers may not have experience with this form to be comfortable with it. Allows the individual with an entire portfolio of creations to list his work. Skills are not stressed as much in the written resume as in the visual evidence provided with it. The resume is in a folder and includes some of your best photographs and a sample of your photo-essay style. Other work experiences which lend themselves to this approach include public relations work, writing (including public information jobs), and graphics design or layout.

SAMPLE PORTFOLIO RESUME

Henry Poole 1420 Smith Street Salt Lake City, UT 87522 (801) 533-4221 - Home (801) 547-4330 - Studio EXPERIENCE 1978-Present 1975-1978 1968-1975 Freelance photographer Art teacher, Ogden High School, Ogden, Utah Photographer/Reporter, Phoenix Daily Sun, Phoenix, Arizona

PUBLICA TIONS/SHOWS 1984 New Mexico Biennial Show, two photographs Arizona Highways, photo essay: "The Beautiful Oak-Creen Canyon." 1982 One-man show, Stark Gallery, Salt Lake City Photography Exhibit, Utah State Fair, three photographs, blue ribbon winner in nature photography. 1981 Utah Gazette, photo essay: "The Pollution of the Great Salt Lake." EDUCA TION 1978 1975 Photography Workshop with Ansel Adams B.A. in Art, University of Arizona

REFERENCES AVAILABLE

UPON REQUEST

19

Resume Writing Suggestions

DO Include names, addresses and telephone numbers. Be brief and stress positives. Limit resume to two pages. List your achievements and how you solved problems. not Just the responsibilities you had. Be neat, error free and readable. Use statistics or numbers where you can show results for what you did. Use action words: planned, designed, coordinated, led. initiated, produced. organized, supervised, contributed, recruited. hired. arranged, trained. controlled, etc. Be selective. Use only those achievements which support most strongly your bid for the position you are seeking Appropriateness is the key. not volume. Use the right vocabulary. Be sure of job titles, functions and other industry jargon or you will appear unfamiliar with the field. Be specific. Choose a degree of formality consistent with the field. State an objective - the focal pOint of the resume. Use the top two-thirds of the first page to include the most important information Choose a format which enhances your experience and is suited to the position you seek. Include volunteer expenence where relevant. Individualize. Be sure the tone and appearance will SUit you. Write your resume yourself to ensure this.

DON'T Include salary or reasons for leaVing past employment. Separate volunteer experience from paid employment. Use a narrative form or personal pronouns. Include controversial material (being fired, dropped out of school). List the names of people with whom you have collaborated unless they are famous Tell what your spouse does. Use dates. Include reference names and addresses. Include personal data not relative to your ability to do the job (marital status, age, number of dependents, etc.) Mention the field in which you have a degree if it is unrelated to the position you want. Naming the degree is sufficient. Send carbon copies. WHEN LABELING YOUR SKILLS: Use as few words as you can. Avoid phrases such as "my duties included" or "I was responsible for". Start with an active verb. Follow it with a direct object. Use a modifier whenever possible. Examples. Reorganized filing procedures: Created community program List accomplishments rather than just listing duties.

20

Words and Phrases for Describing expanded presented negotiated organized operated exhibited supported reorganized cut edited produced contacted evaluated

Your Skills prepared maintained oversaw handled taught directed developed reduced costs planned wrote managed sold created

designed improved researched implemented trained established supervised analyzed contracted invented administered conducted was promoted

Letter of Application
In many fields of work, writing a letter of application is the customary way to ask for a personal interview. This is particularly true in the following cases: 1. When the employer you wish to contact lives in another city or town. 2. As a cover letter when you are mailing resumes. 3. When you are answering a want ad. The following guidelines may help you write a letter of application: 1. Type neatly, using care in sentence structure, spelling and punctuation. 2. Use a good grade of letter-sized, white bond paper. 3. Address your letter to a specific person, if possible (use city directories or other sources). 4. State exactly the kind of position you are seeking and why you are applying to the particular firm. 5. Be clear, brief and businesslike. 6. Enclose a resume. Letters of application will vary considerably depending on the circumstances in which they are used. The sample illustrates one way of writing a

letter of application. 21

SAMPLE LETTER OF APPLICATION

(date) Mr. William R. Wilson President. Metallic Manufacturing 8339 Factory Road St. Paul, MN 55415 Dear Mr. Wilson: Recently, I learned through Dr. James R. Roland of Atlantic and Pacific University of the expansion of your company's sales operations and your plans to create a new position of sales director. If this position is open. I would appreciate your considering me for it. Starting with over-the-counter sales and order service. I have had progressively more responsible and diverse experience in merchandising products similar to yours. In recent years. I have carried out a variety of sales promotions and top management assignments. For your review, I am enclosing a resume of my qualifications. I would appreciate a personal interview with you in order to discuss my application further. Very truly yours. Inc.

John W. Door

r ~)
I

jj.':

Enclosure

22

CHAPTER

WHERE THE

JOBS ARE .

Sources of Job Information

Use any and all sources of job information. The more sources you use, the more you will see job leads are only limited by your contacts. By using all friends, relatives and acquaintances, public and private agencies, classified ads and other sources, you increase your chances of finding what you want. Too often, job seekers let a false sense of pride or confidence interfere with their successes. Wanting to be better and to be more successful is a natural desire. You shouldn't feel embarrassed or ashamed to let people know you want to be better or you are looking for another job. To be successful at finding a job, use all available resources. Your first source of job information will probably be friends, neighbors and relatives. Through their work, social or business contacts, they may know of opportunities not listed by regular sources. Their knowledge is likely to be limited to their own and perhaps a few other places of employment. The old adage, "It's not what you know but who you know," can be applied in your job search. By knowing someone in the company where you are applying, you may have the advantage it will take to get the job. At the same time you are checking your personal sources, you should check the usual channels of job information. From all the sources, you have to select those most appropriate for you. The most appropriate depends on the type of job you want, where you live and want to work, and the demand in your field.

23

Some sources of job information are listed here, with brief comments on their characteristics:
WANT ADS IN NEWSPAPERS. PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS AND TRADE MAGAZINES. Provide a broad range of current openings. A large share of the listings in want ads that are devoted to your field are likely to be for jobs you are qualified to fill. Descriptions of jobs may not be detailed enough to decide if you are qualified. Study the number of ads for jobs in your field: it provides you With information about employment activity in your field in that location. Look through the newspaper to find articles Identifying companies getting new contracts. expanding their facilities or going through mergers. as well as those which are announcing retirements or promotions. Use these articles as an additional source in your job search. These growing companies may be hiring additional people. II. JOB SERVICE OFFICES (STATE EMPLOYMENT OFFICES) Generally have a large number of job listings in a number of occupational categories. Located in all parts of the country. Offer counseling and career consultation. No fees are charged. Local job listings change daily and provide fresh job prospects on a regular basis. III. OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (FORMERLY CALLED THE U.S. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION) Handle US Government civilian jobs. Fill jobs in a wide vanety of professional. technical. clerical. craft and other occupations. Positions are located throughout the United States and overseas. Jobs are filled on a merit basis as determined by examinations. education and ratings of experience. Examinations are given several times a year In cities throughout the nation. Tests for entry-level professional positions are conducted at many universities and schools. Most post offices have application forms and information on job opportunities. You can also write for information to the Office of Personnel Management. Washington. D.C. 20415. IV. PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES Specialize in a few occupations or work exclusively for a few large firms Function with the same characteristiCS of job service offices. Some charge applicants a fee for registration or placement. others collect fees from employers. V. YELLOW PAGES OF TELEPHONE DIRECTORY. INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORIES AND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE LISTS. list names of firms that may employ workers in your field. These sources also contain other Information which could be useful when applying for a job. VI. INDUSTRIAL AND CRAFT UNIONS. Have exclusive hiring authonty for some firms Each union deals with a limited number of occupations In most cases. they work With members only VII. SCHOOL OR COLLEGE PLACEMENT SERVICES Specialize in pOSitions that graduates are qualified for Productive source of profeSSional openings. 24 I.

Usually available only to students and alumni of the school. PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. Useful for specialized occupations. Associations are listed at local libraries. Libraries (public, high school, college) A number of books concerning job information are in print. The Directory of Occupational Titles helps you in becoming familiar with the duties and vocabulary of occupations. Many libraries maintain a "corporate file" which is alphabetized by firm name with newspaper clippings of company news. Find the Occupational Outlook Handbook mentioned in Chapter 1 of this workbook. Find items listed in the bibliography at the end of this workbook. Use every source. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, all employment agencies, both public and private, are required to refer applicants to employers without regard to race, color, religion, sex or national origin. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 forbids agencies to discriminate against older workers. These laws prevent discrimination in hiring.

VIII. IX.

Use Your Time Wisely

Even though you may not be under any pressure to find a job quickly, start your search promptly. Delays may hurt your chances of finding the job you want. If you are about to graduate or are aware of layoffs coming at your place of employment, you may be competing for similar positions with others entering the job market. Also, a long delay between college or your last job and your application for work may give an employer the impression his is the latest stop in a long and fruitless job search. Once you start your job search, treat it as a full-time job. Searching for a job can be very discouraging, but continued effort usually pays off. USE THE FOllOWING SUGGESTIONS TO PLAN AN EFFICIENT JOB SEARCH: 1. As soon as you know you will need to find a new job, plan and start your search. 2. Treat your job search as a full-time job. You are expected to work 40hour weeks for an employer; you should expect no less for yourself. 3. Do not take short "vacations" once you start your job search. 4. Do your research before you apply for a job. Know a little about the company, including when is the best time and day of the week to apply for a job. Acquire the most recent copy of the company's annual report or company newsletters. If you can, find someone who works for the company who can give you information. 5. If you have a number of interviews, be sure you schedule them so there will be no conflicts. Allow plenty of time for testing or other hiring procedures that may be required. 6. Whenever you hear of a prospect, follow up immediately. Don't be afraid to call a firm to arrange an appointment the same day or early the next day. You must be prepared. 7. Be on time. In fact, be early for each appointment. The more resumes, the more applications and the more contacts you use, the more successful your job search will be. There will be disappointments, but persistence will payoff.

25

CHAPTER

SHOWCASING YOUR MERCHANDISE .....

The Job Interview
A job interview is your showcase for merchandising your talents. During the interview an employer judges your qualifications, appearance and general fitness for the job opening. It is your opportunity to convince him you can make a real contribution to the firm. Just as important, the interview gives you a chance to appraise the job, the employer and the firm. It enables you to decide if the job meets your career needs and interests and whether the employer is of the type and caliber you want to work for. Before each interview you should assume the job you are applying for is precisely the one you want - it may be. To present your qualifications properly you need to prepare in advance. You should have the necessary papers ready and the information about yourself firmly in mind. You should know how to act at the interview. This makes the interview an effective device for selling your skills. 26

Preparing For The Interview

Assemble in easily available order all the papers you need to take with you. The principal one is your resume-unless you have submitted it before the interview. If you have not prepared a resume, take your school records, social security card and work records, along with the names of your employers and dates of employment. (Prepare your own list if you have no formal records.) You may also need any licenses, union cards or military records you have. If your work is the type where you can show it at an interview, you may want to take samples (such as art or design work or published writing). Learn all you can about the company before you go for an interviewits product or service, standing in the industry, number and kinds of jobs available and hiring policies and practices. Refer to the research you did in Chapter 3 and refresh your memory about the company. Know what you have to offer-what education and training you have had, what work you have done and what you can do. If you have not prepared a resume, review your personal inventory in Chapter 1 before you go. Know what kind of job you want and why you want to work for that firm. If you do not have a resume that includes references, be prepared to furnish the names, addresses and business affiliations of three persons (not relatives) who are familiar with your work and character. If you are a recent graduate, you can list professors. Be sure you ask your references for permission to use their names. Learn the salary scale for the type of job you are seeking. (Refer to the Occupational Outlook Handbook) or other sources available for this information.) Never take anyone with you to the interview. Allow as much uninterrupted time for the interview as it may require. (For example, do not park your car in a limited time space.) Dress conservatively. Avoid either too formal or too casual attire. Be sure to wear appropriate dress for the position. Be pleasant and friendly, but businesslike. Let the employer control the interview. Your answers should be frank and brief but complete, without rambling. Be flexible and willing but give the employer a clear idea of your job preferences. Stress your qualifications without exaggeration. The employer's questions or statements will indicate the type of person the firm needs. Use these clues in presenting your qualifications. Forexample, if you are being interviewed for an engineering position and the employer mentions the job will require some customer contact work, use this clue to emphasize any work, experience or courses you have had working with customers. If you have not sent your resume in advance, present it or your work history, references, work samples or other materials to support your statements when the employer requests them. In discussing your previous jobs and work situations, do not criticize former employers or fellow workers. Don't discuss your personal, domestic or financial problems. Don't be in a hurry to ask questions unless the employer invites them. But don't be afraid to ask what you need to know. When the employer offers you a job, be sure you understand exactly what your duties will be. You should also find out what opportunities for advancement are 27

Yau And The Interview

open to you. A definite understanding about the nature of your jOb will avoid future disappointment for you and your employer. If an employer makes a statement like, "Tell me about yourself." be prepared to talk of the qualification that makes you the best candidate for the job. Be brief and concise. Be prepared to state the salary you want, but not until the employer has introduced the subject. Be realistic. If the employer does not offer you a job or indicate when you will hear back, ask when you may call to learn of the decision If the employer asks you to call or return for another interview. make a written note of the time. date and place. Thank the employer for the interview. If the employer indicates you will not be needed, ask for suggestions on other possible employers.

THE FOllOWING QUESTIONS COULD COME UP IN AN INTERVIEW OR AN APPLICATION. READ THROUGH THE QUESTIONS AND WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED. 1. Why did you apply for this position? _

2.

Are you looking for a permanent job or a temporary one?

3.

Why do you feel that you are qualified for this position?

4.

What caused you to enter this job field?

5.

What do you know about this company?

6.

What kind of experience have you had that would help you in this job?

7.

Are you willing to move if the company wants to send you elsewhere?

8.

What would be the ideal job for you?

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9.

What do you want to be doing five years from now?

10.

What type of salary would you expect?

11.

What jobs have you had and why did you leave?

12.

Do you have any recommendations

from previous employers? __

13.

Are there any questions you would like to ask?

REMEMBER: Prospective employers are looking for enthusiastic, confident people. If you are well-prepared for an interview, you will find it much easier to project both enthusiasm and self-confidence. Part of this enthusiasm and self-confidence will come in how you dress and in your overall attitude. It is important you do not chew gum, smoke or tell jokes. Maintain good eye contact throughout the interview. Shake hands at the beginning and at the end of the interview. Be sure to thank the person forthe interview.

Understanding Subjectivity
Each day we make decisions based on our own feelings, our upbringings, our likes and dislikes. As we do, so do they, the employers - the persons who may hire you. Be aware - the selection process is affected by the employer's feelings, upbringing and his likes and dislikes. It's not what you think or feel that's important, it's what the employer thinks or feels that counts. Realizing the employer will be subjective will give you the competitive edge. As we further evaluate the interview process and understand the employer's subjectivity, you will realize a successful candidate must be responsive and aware of what the employer is looking for. With this knowledge, you will be better prepared to meet face to face with interviewers. As the Talmud says, "We do not see things as they are, we see things as we are."

Testing
Some businesses may require a psychological test, or a series of such tests, as part of the application procedure. The tests most commonly used are those that indicate intelligence or general aptitude. Some firms use tests that give them information on specific aptitudes, personality traits and interest patterns. If you have been away from school for sometime, you may be apprehensive about taking tests. You may fear that your test scores will not reflect your real ability to do a job. Don't let tests scare you off. None of the commonly used tests require advance preparation; you need not feel concerned over not having "crammed" the night before. Keep in mind your

29

test scores are only one among the many factors the employer will consider in judging your qualifications for a job. Many tests have time limits. When they do, you will be told how much time you will have. Listen carefully to the instructions you receive. If you do not clearly understand what you are expected to do, be sure to ask questions. The time for questions is before the test begins. After you start the test. work steadily and carefully. Do not do anything that interrupts your work. In taking most tests, don't spend a lot of time on anyone question; instead. go back to difficult or time-consuming ones after you have completed the others. Once the test is over. do not criticize yourself for not having done better. If the test is well constructed. you probably would make a similar score if you took it again. Remember, too, that employers do not regard your score as the only measure of your abilities - it is only one indication of them. Do not expect to be hired on the spot. Usually both parties will need time to consider and evaluate what they have found out about each other.

After the Interview

Make each interview a learning experience. To improve on his technique, a good salesman does an analysis after a sales interview by mentally going over what was said. the client's reaction, what should have been said and what would have been better left unsaid. TRY THIS ANAL YSIS TO IMPROVE YOUR SELLING TECHNIQUES. ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:
1. How did the interview go?

2.

What points did I make that seemed to interest the employer? Did I present my qualifications well? Did I overlook any that are pertinent to the job? Did I pass up clues to the best way to "sell" myself? Did I learn all I need to know about the job? Did I forget or hesitate to ask about factors that are important to me? Did I talk too much? Too little? Did I interview the employer rather than permit the employer to interview me? Was I too tense? Was I too aggressive? Not aggressive enough?
How can I improve

my next interview?

A letter expressing your appreciation and continued interest (or no further interest) should be sent. If you don't hear anything within a reasonable time. you may write requesting the status of your application and recap its history .

-~......

-__.

~~

--.a -~ ~~

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IN SUMMARY
As you review the job seeking process from your personal inventory to the interview process, it becomes obvious the knowledge you gain can only better your chances for success. However, the knowledge alone will be wasted unless you use it. Circumstances beyond your control have an influence in the job search process. Your commitment to achieve your goals, your dedication to finding the job, and belief in your knowledge and abilities will lead you to success.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Recommended Reading)
Boll, Carl R, Executive Jobs Unlimited. New York: The MacMiliian Company. 1965. CaliBolles, Richard Nelson. What Color Is Your Parachute?Berkeley, fornia: Ten Speed Press. 1973. Bryant, John Talbot. You Can Get A Better Job ... And This Book Tells You HOW' Buffalo: TMC Publishing Division of Trenton Moncton Corp. (1275 Delaware Ave., B-1 Buffalo. NY 14209, or 345 Lakeshore Road East, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). 1971. Catt. Ivor. How to Hang Onto Your Job While Everyone Else IS Losing His: The Catt Concept. the New Industrial Darwinism. New York: G.P. Puttnam's Son's 1972. Dictionary of Occupational Titles, Vol. I., Definitions of Titles. Washington. D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1965. Directory of Executive Recruiters lists over 1400. Available from Consultants News, Templeton Road, Fitzwilliam, NH 03477. Drucker, Peter F. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities. Practices. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. 10 East 53rd Street. New York, NY 10022. 1973. Interviewing Techniques for the Non-Personnel Executive. by Robert M. Hecht. Joel E. Aron and Morton D. Seigel, Personnel Data Systems, Inc., 274 Madison Avenue, New York. NY 10017. Kent. Malcolm, Successful Executive Job-Hunting. New York: Laddin Press. 1967. Who. 1976. Reston Publishing Lathrop, Richard. Who's Hiring Company, Reston, Virginia. McKee, Bill. How To Get A Higher Paying Job Now. Consumer's Digest. Book Dept. CG-11, 6416 N. Lincoln Avenue, Chicago. IL 60659. 1975. Merchandising Your Job Talents. All About Resumes, Etc. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, for Stock No. 029-000-00304-1 Moore. Charles G. The Career Game. New York The National Institute of Career Planning (P.O Box 938. Ansonia Station, New York. NY 10023) 1975. Making the Most of Your Job Interview. New York Life Insurance Company. Available from any New York Life Insurance Company office. MacMillan Job Guide to American Corporations. New York MacMillan. Inc. 1967 Noer, David. How to Beat the Employment Game. 1975. Chilton Book Company. Radnor, Pennsylvania. Reid. Clyde H. Help' I've Been Fired. Philadelphia, PA United Church Press. 1971. Sheppard, Harold L., and Belltsky. A. Harvey. Promoting Job Findmg Baltimore: the John HopkinS Press 1966 Success for the Unemployed. Kalamazoo, Michigan: The WE Upjohn Institute. 1968.
Task Analysis Inventones: A Method for Collecting Job Information.

US. Department of Labor Manpower Administration 1973. Stock No 2900 00163 US SUP DOC The United States Jaycees, Commur71catlon Dynamics. Cat. No 696-1 The United States Jaycees. Leadership Dynamics. Cat. No. 675-1 The United States Jaycees. Personal Dynamics. Cat. No 682-1. The United States Jaycees. Tlnw DynamIcs. Cat. No. 687-1

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