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. If x is negative, the
[-1, 1] (domain).
,0 0,
and x
(- , -1]
[0, ] and x
0, 2 2 ,
, and x (- , ). 2 2 cot = x = cot-1x where (0, ) and x (- , ). The domains and ranges of inverse trigonometric (or inverse circular) functions are: Function Domain Range sin 1 x [ 1, 1] , 2 2 cos-1 x [ 1, 1] [0, ] -1 tan x R , 2 2 cot-1 x R (0, ) -1 sec x ( , 1] [1, ) 0, , 2 2
tan = x
= tan-1x
where
(
1 1
1]
[1, )
2
, 0
0,
= sin x,
= cos x and
= tan x are:
/2
1
1 O 1
1
O /2 = tan x
1
/2 = sin x
1
= cos x
2
2 <x
1.
(ii) cosec-1(cosec ) =
-1
if and only if
and cosec(cosec x) = x where (iii) tan-1(tan ) = (iv) cos-1(cos ) = (v) sec-1(sec ) = if and only if
2
x<
. <x< . x 1.
<
<
<
1 or 1 <
x< . <x< .
sin-1( x) = sin-1(x) cosec-1( x) = cosec-1(x) tan-1( x) = tan-1(x) cos-1( x) = cos-1(x) sec-1(-x) = sec-1(x) cot-1(-x) = cot-1(x)
sin
tan
x cos
x cot
1
1
x
x
2
2
,
,
x R
3
1
sec
x cosec 1x
1 x2 = cot 1 x
sec 1
1
1 1 x2
1 x x
, x>0
2 1
cos
sec
11
sin
tan
1 x2 x
= cosec1
1 1 x
2
= cot
1 x2
x>0
tan 1 x
sin 1
x 1 x2
1 x2 cosec 1 x
= sec1
1
cot1 x = cos1
cos
1
x 1 x2
y cos
1 x2 x
1 x2 1 y2 ,
x cos
xy
0,
xy xy
1 x2 1 y2 ,
0, y 0, y 0, x 2
0, x 0, x y2
y y 1 y2 1
cos x cos y =
cos sin
1
-1
-1
1 x2 1 y2 , x y 1 x2 , x 0, y
x 1 y2
1
sin x + sin y =
sin x 1 y2 y 1 x2 , x 0, y 0, x 2
-1
-1
sin
2x 1 x 2 ,
x 1 2 x x
1 2 1 2 2
2sin-1x =
sin
2x 1 x 2 ,
1
sin
2x 1 x 2 ,
2
y 1 x
0, y
4
x y , 1 xy x y tan 1 , 1 xy
1
tan
x x x
0, y 0, y 0,y
0, xy<1 0, xy 1 0,xy 1
tan-1x + tan-1y =
,
tan
x tan
y
11
tan
x y 1 xy
x > 0, y > 0 x 0
2tan x = cos
-1
x2
2 tan 1 x 2 tan 1 x
sin
1 x2 1 2x
1 x 2x sin 1 1 x2
2x tan 1 , 1 x2 2x tan 1 , 1 x2
1 x 1.