http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazut Mazut is a heavy, low quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications.

In the United States and Western Europe, mazut is blended or broken down with the end product being diesel. Mazut may be used for heating houses in former USSR and in countries of Far East that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more traditional petro-chemicals. In the west, furnaces that burn mazut are commonly called "waste oil" heaters or "waste oil" furnaces. Mazut-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-75 or 99. (GOST is the Russian system of standards, much like ASTM, for example). Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high. The most important consideration (not the only consideration) when grading this fuel is the sulfur content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a dirty oil product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil. The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:

Very Low Sulphur is mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5% Low Sulphur is a mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5-1.0% Normal Sulphur is a mazut with a sulphur content of 1.0-2.0% High Sulphur is a mazut with a sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%

Very Low Sulfur mazut is generally made from the lowest sulfur crude feedstocks. It has a very limited volume to be exported because:

The number of producers in Russia are limited. Refineries who produce this are generally the largest of oil companies such as Lukoil and Rosneft, etc. A minimum of half of the total volume is sold only to the domestic market in Russia and the CIS. Most of the remainder of this specific product are reserved by state quotas for state controlled companies abroad. The remaining volumes available for export are sold according to state quotas, via state auctions, accessible only to Russian domestic companies with special access and experience with these auctions.

At present, as evidenced by the above market conditions, demand exceeds many times the available supply. In such cases, the refineries dictate terms for the sale. At present, universally, whether state controlled corporation or private company, domestic or foreign, are for total cash pre-payment, 100%, 21 days in advance of the delivery date. Said another way, the delivery date is set only after the cash payment is registered (cleared) at the refinerys bank account. The arrangement is not negotiable with the refineries. (Please refer to producers own web sites for confirmation of this fact.) Low to high sulfur mazut is available

from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST standard 10585-99. Many people ask the difference between origins, and the main difference is the price. The Russian origin mazut demands higher prices.
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Mazut M100 (Heating Oil)

Fuel oil mazut 100 is supplied according to the Russian technical specification GOST 10585-99, section for fuel oil, mazut sort 100. This kind of oil is graded as the heavy furnace oil. The product is produced from the remains of raw oil processing. This kind of mazut is produced only from the low sulphur raw oil. Origin country for this kind of mazut is only Russia. It is very limited volume of this mazut available for export from Russia because of the following reasons:

1) There is limited number of producers in Russia, who produce this kind of mazut. All of them are the big Russian oil companies, like Lukoil, Rossibneft, etc.

2) Minimum half of the produced volume is sold on the domestic market of Russia and CIS.

3) Most of the volumes for export are sold according to the state quotes to the state companies abroad.

4) The remaining export volumes are sold by the daughter commercial organizations of the oil producers to the highest bidder.

Specifications:

Mazut M100 (GOST 10585/75)

ash content not more 0.14% mass fraction of sulphur ,not more % -low-sulphur-residual-oil 0.5 temperature of the flash,not less c in the closed crucible >65 in the open crucible c 110min the temperature of solidification, not higher c 25 kinematics viscosity at 50 c 118max water content 0.5% mechanical impurities lower than 0.1% acidity lower than 5mg koh/100ml alkalinity nil gross calorific value kcal/kg/kj/kg min 9200/41300 density at 15.0 deg c kg/l 0.890-0.9200 hydrogen sulfide content(h2s) pom 0.5max carbon residua lower than 7% vanadium(v) ppm 23 aluminium(al)ppm 5 silicon(si) ppm 12 nickel(ni)ppm 49 asphaltenes m/m 3.6% distillation @ 4 mm hg extracted to 760mm hg initial boiling point deg.c 216 total nitrogen m/m 0.192% sodium(na)ppm 15

from talinn, kerch and novo. Might be cheaper sometimes, but i have that for u in, 30,50,80 and 100kt ongoing

http://www.kmgep.kz/eng/kazakhstan/kazakhstan_oil_and_gas_sector/

Kazakhstan Oil and Gas Sector

Since 2000, Kazakhstan has experienced significant economic growth. Two of the main catalysts for this growth have been economic reform and foreign investment, much of which has been concentrated in the energy sector. Exports of crude oil have grown significantly and Kazakhstan is the second largest oil producer (after Russia) among the former Soviet republics. Kazakhstan has the Caspian regions largest recoverable crude oil reserves. According to the BP statistical review its combined onshore and offshore proved reserves were 5.5 billion tonnes (40 billion barrels) as at 31 December 2009. Kazakhstan has three major oil refineries supplying the northern region, at Pavlodar, the western region, at Atyrau, and the southern region, at Shymkent, with an estimated total refining capacity of 21.0 million tonnes per year (approximately 427 thousand bopd). In 2010, the three refineries together processed a combined average of approximately 13,7 million tonnes of crude oil. The refinery at Pavlodar is supplied mainly by crude oil from western Siberia; the Atyrau Refinery runs solely on domestic crude from the western region of Kazakhstan; and the Shymkent refinery currently uses oil from the southern region of Kazakhstan. The Atyrau Refinery is undergoing modernisation to provide some additional capacity and to allow the refinery to meet current European fuel standards. Kazakhstan is a net exporter of gas. Most of Kazakhstans gas reserves are located in the west of the country near the Caspian Sea, with roughly 25% of proved reserves located in the Karachaganak field. Crude Oil Transportation Kazakhstans geographic location means that the pipeline infrastructure through neighbouring countries has played an important role in the exploitation of Kazakhstans hydrocarbon resources, allowing it reach international markets. The CPC pipeline, which has been operational since 2001, represents a major export route. It extends 1,510 kilometres, originating in the Tengiz field, running through Russia and terminating at the CPC marine terminal on the Black Sea near the Russian port of Novorossiysk. The UAS pipeline transports oil from fields in the Atyrau and Mangistau regions to Russia. The pipeline system runs for approximately 1,232 kilometres, from Uzen in southwest Kazakhstan to the Caspian port of Atyrau, before crossing into Russia and linking with Russias Transneft system at Samara. In June 2002, Kazakhstan signed a 15-year oil transit agreement with Russia. Under this agreement, Kazakhstan will export at least 17.4 million tonnes per year (350,000 bopd) of crude oil using the Russian pipeline system. The 1,767 kilometre Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline delivers crude oil from Baku in Azerbaijan to a new marine terminal in the Turkish port of Ceyhan on the Mediterranean and is the first direct pipeline link between the Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The Baku-TbilisiCeyhan pipeline project is designed to transport up to 50 million tonnes (1.0 million bopd) by

2010. In May 2005, construction of the pipeline was completed and the pipeline began operating in July 2006. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline is expected to be largely dedicated to production from the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli fields in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea but to the extent there is available capacity, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline may be used to transport Kazakhstan crude oil shipped across the Caspian Sea to Baku by tanker. In December 2005, China and Kazakhstan put into operation the 614 mile Atasu-Alashankou pipeline, forming part of the Atyrau-Dushantsty pipeline. The initial capacity of the AtyrauAlashankou pipeline is 10 million tonnes (200,000 bopd) per year, with a projected increase up to 20 million tonnes per year (400,000 bopd).