GLAND

I. PITUITARY GLAND a. Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)

HORMONE
Growth hormone (GH)

FUNCTION
- growth of cells, bones and tissues

TARGET ORGAN/ REGULATION

- TARGET ORGAN: whole body - controlled by GHRH/GHIH - increases after eating and after onset of deep sleep - TARGET ORGAN: breasts, gonads - controlled by PRH - secretions occurs during later hours of sleep - TARGET ORGAN: Thyroid gland - controlled by TRH and negative feedback from plasma T4 levels - TARGET ORGAN: adrenal cortex - controlled by CRH and negative feedback by cortisol levels

DISORDERS
Gigantism increase of GH in adulthood Acromegaly increase of GH in adults Dwarfism decrease of GH in adulthood

Prolactin (PRL)

- breast development and lactation - regulates reproductive function - necessary for growth and function of the thyroid gland - necessary for growth and and maintenance of size of the adrenal cortex - controls release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocoricoids (aldosterone) - growth, maturity and function of primary and secondary sex organs

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease 2 to increase of TSH) Cushings Disease increase of ACTH

GONADOTROPINS (FSH , LH, MSH)

b. Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin )

Oxytocin II. THYROID GLAND -TH -T3 and T4 - Calcitonin

- regulates osmolality and body water volume - increases permeability of collecting ducts (kidneys) results to increase water reabsorption - stimulates milk 'let down' and uterine contraction - Regulates metabolic rate of all cells and growth and devt of all tissues - Maintains/lowers serum calcium levels Controls circulation of calcium & inorganic phosphorous in blood - Influences electrolyte concentration & fluid volume.

- TARGET ORGANS: gonads - secretion controlled by GnRH - Males - secreted if there is a decreased male sex hormones - Females - normal menstrual cycle - TARGET ORGAN: kidneys - secretion is stimulated if there is increased serum osmolality, modest hypotension (vise versa) -TARGET ORGAN: breast tissue and uterus - Secreted in response to TSH - secreted-elevated serum calcium - calcium-rich foods - Ca+ - suppresses release of calcitonin

Diabetes Insipidus decrease of ADH

III. PARATHYROID GLAND IV. ADRENAL GLANDS a. Adrenal Cortex

Parathormone (PTH)

Adrenocorticoids (corticosteroids,

Hypothyroidism: Cretinism in children Myxedema in adults Goiter Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, Thyroiditis, Carcinoma, Hypoparathyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism Addisons disease (hypofunction of cortices) Cushings disease (hyperfunction of

b. Adrenal Medulla

corticoids) 1. Mineralocorticoids, aldosterone 2. Glucocorticoids, cortisol (hydrocortisone) 3. Sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, progesterone) Catecholamines (epinephrine / norepinephrine)

- Influences metabolism of glucose, protein & fat - Concerned with bodys responses to physical & mental stress

aldosterone)

V. PANCREAS

Insulin- controls metabolism bet. Meals Glucagon- increases blood glucose

- Stimulate heart - Constrict blood vessels - Dilate bronchioles - RR - Hyperglycemia -Stimulated by intake of glucose and amino Acids -stimulated by dec. blood glucose level and inc. amino acid levels.

- Secreted in response to stress

Pheochromocytoma (increase of production of both hormones)

Secreted in response to low blood glucose level

Diabetes Mellitus