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Distance, m
d
Velocity m/s
Time s
Acceleration m/s2
v-u a t
Time s
Gradient of v t graph gives ACCELERATION Constant Speed means 0 acc, 0 Resultant force ( Fwd force = Rev force) Area under graph = Distance travelled
Resultant Force, N
Mass, kg
F
Mass kg
m a
Acceleration m/s2 Density Kg/m3
Volume m3
Mass kg
W m g
Gravity m/s2
Force N
Moment F d
Distance m
Force N
Work rk F d
Dist moved m
Mass kg
KE 0.5m v2
Speed m/s
SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Force & Distance must be in SAME direction. Potential Energy, J
PE
Weight N
v2 = 2gh
h
Height m Work done against gravity = Gain in GPE
Where Weight = mg Work/Energy, J Conduction - heated molecules gain extra k.e - start to vibrate faster - collide with neighbouring molecules - transfer some thermal energy to them - they vibrate faster & process repeats Convection - liquid at bottom heated first & it expands - density decreases & it floats - denser liquid at the top sinks - convection current sets up Good Absorber is Good Emitter (Dull black) Rate of radiation depends on : Surface Colour, Area, Temp, Texture
W
Power W
Time s
=Fxv
velocity, v
1
frequency Hz Wavelength m
v
frequency Hz
Time s
Displacement-Distance graph : Amplitude & Wavelength Displacement Time graph : Amplitude & Period Longitudinal Wave - Sound Direction of vibration
Transverse Wave EM & Water wave Direction of vibration Direction of Wave Travel Direction of Wave Travel Pitch Freq (X-axis). High pitch, high freq. Loudness Amp(Y-axis).High amp, louder
SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Reflection < i = < r Image on plane mirror ( Same Size, Distance, Laterally Inverted ) - Obj to Image - Image to Eye - Eye to Obj Angles are measured from Normal. Normal is drawn Perpendicularly to Surface where the ray strikes. Refractive Index
sin i sin r
Angles are measured from Normal. Less to More Dense Bent Towards Normal If < i is greater than Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection takes place. Potential difference, v
Charge, Coulumb
Q
current A
Time s
V
current A
Work/Energy, Joule
Resistance
Potential Diff, V A
W V
Q
Charge C
I is inversely proportional to R ( If R is small, I will be big. Ex. If I is increased 2 times, R becomes half. If I is decreased by one-third, R is thrice ) Series Circuit R = R1 + R2 + R3 I1 = I2 = I3 ( same current thru each resistor)
Resistivity,m x Length,m
l
Resistance,
Area m2
V1 + V2 + V3 = V of the battery(emf) Parallel Circuit 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/ R2 where R is Total effective resistance. Remember to Invert the answer to find R! I = I1 + I2 where I is total current in circuit V = V1 = V2 ( same p.d. across each resistor ) where V is emf of battery
R is directly proportional to l ( l doubles, R doubles; l reduces by one-quarter, R also reduces by one-quarter ) R is inversely proportional to A ( If A is halved, R will become twice; If A is increased 3 times, R becomes one-third )
SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Live Brown col ( Switch & Fuse connected ) Neutral Blue col ( Same current as Live ) Earth - yellow with green stripes ( connected to external body & No current flows ) Hazards are caused by : - Damaged insulation - Overheating of cables - Damp conditions
Energy, J
P V
I
Current A Power W
E P
t
Time s
Cost = Energy x per unit cost where E = P x t & convert W to KW ( 1KW = 1000W ) & time to hour Magnetism Like poles Repel Unlike poles Attract. Repulsion is the best test to check for polarity. Magnetic field lines North (Out) & South (In) Magnetic Induction - is the temporary magnetism of a magnetic material when placed near a magnet. Demagnetisation of a magnet ( alternating current ) - a.c. is pass thru solenoid - disrupts the alignment of molecular magnets - slowly magnet is withdrawn in E-W direction - magnet is fully demagnetized Soft Iron easily magnetized & demagnetized Hard Steel difficult to Magnetise & Demagnetize
Force or Weight, N
Pressure in liquid,Pa
Pressure in Solid Pa
F or W Contact Area P A m
2
P
Height of column,m
SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Electromagnetic Spectrum RaMi I LUV ROYGBIV X Gamma Highest freq Can penetrate deeper Electromagnetism RH Grip Rule ( Wire ) Thumb points to Current, Fingers show CW or ACW direction RH Grip Rule ( Solenoid ) Fingers curl in the current direction, Thumb points to N pole. Flemings LH Rule to find force on conductor - First finger Field - SeCond finger Current - Thumb - Thrust or Force
Longest Can travel far Properties - transverse waves - 3 x 108 m/s - travel in vacuum
Static Electricity
Electric Field - region where an electric charge Charges are produced by friction during rubbing. experiences force. Like charges repel - Positive charge : field lines Outward Unlike charges attract - Negative charge : field lines Inwards Only negative charges move. Eg. From Earth Charge is measured in Coloumbs Thin Converging Lens 1. Obj placed < F : VUM (Virtual, Upright, Magnified ( Magnifying glass ) 2. at F : Spot light, telescope 3. between F & 2F : RIM ( Real,Inverted, Magnified) Projector 4. at 2F : RIS ( real,inverted,same size), photocopy machine 5. > 2F : RID ( real, inverted, diminished). Camera, human eye 6. at infinity : RID. telescope O Level Format ( Syllabus : 5116 ) Paper 1 ( 40 M ) 1 hr 40 MCQ - Q1 to 20 ( Phy ) & Q21 to 40 (Chem) Paper 2 ( 65 M ) 1h 15min Sect A : Structured ( 45 M ) Sect B : Choose 2 out of 3 Qns ( 20 M ) Paper 5 ( 30 M ) 1h 30min Science Practical - Phy & Chem