I. II. III. IV.

V.

Introduction The problem Objective Solution a. Assumptions b. System Impedances i. Line (conductor) 1. Resistance 2. Inductance 3. Capacitance ii. Transformer iii. Service entrance (Supply) iv. Electrical Loads c. One line diagram referred to same base MVA and kV i. Positive ii. Negative iii. Zero sequences d. Fault Analysis i. 3 phase symmetrical fault 1. Bus 1 2. Bus 2 3. Load Protection ii. Single line to Ground fault 1. Bus 1 2. Bus2 3. Load Protection Conclusion

1. 2. 3. 4.

INTRODUCTION PROBLEM Figure 1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY SOLUTION 4.a Assumption 4.b System Impedance 4.b.i Line In order to proceed with the calculation-the resistance, inductance and capacitance of the line conductor connecting the entire system must be solved. Figure 1 shows the connection specification as well as the approximate length of the conductor which might have a significant effect in the solution. Each conductor from node 2 to node 3, 4 and 5 is bundled 3-sets of 500MCM per phase with 50-100 meters long. The conductors from nodes 3, 4, and 5 down to the load protection(CB) is 1 conductor 500MCM with 50 meters in length. This information is enough to solve for the resistance (R), inductive reactance (X L), and the capacitive reactance (Xc). 4.b.i.1 Resistance Solving the resistance for bundles 3-sets of 500MCM conductor: Resistance ( , where is the resistivity of the materials, L is the length of

the line, and A for the cross sectional area of the conductor. (Stevenson, 4th edition) Specification for 500MCM conductor: (Source: Phelps Dodge Phil. handbook) Volume Resistivity Outside Diameter 0.01741 -mm2/m 17.48 mm/conductor

Assuming the conductor length is approximately 100 meters: = Substituting, /100m Solving the resistance for 1-set of 500MCM conductor: =3x239.99=720mm2

Same conductor used for approximately 50m per line. = Again substituting, /50m =240mm2

4.b.i.2 Inductive Reactance Inductive reactance can be solved using the formula: /m For 3sets x 500MCM Since the conductor is a bundled 3-sets of 500MCM conductor. We assume arrangement as shown below. Figure 2: (Stevenson, 4th Ed)

Substituting, /m /m = 0.02044 /100m

For 1-set x 500MCM:

Substituting, /m /m = 0.01259 /50m

4.b.i.3 Capacitive Inductance Capacitive inductance is not solved in this problem since the conductor length is too short, 100m and 50m, particularly. For this conductor length, the line conductor property is represented only by a resistance and inductive reactance connected in series per phase. (Stevenson, 4thed)

4.b.ii Transformer The service transformer is a set of three-333kVA, 13.8kV/460kV, and 60Hz single phase transformer banked in a delta-delta connection. The per unit resistance is 0.0015pu and the leakage reactance 0.1pu refer to its own base.

4.b.iii Service Entrance(Supply) Supply power is taken from a 3 phase line of the distribution system rated 13.8kV and has a short circuit MVA at the tapping point of 10MVA.

4.b.iv Electrical Loads The load is a set of ACU units grouped together with respect to the nearest Circuit Protection (EMCB). Each ACU unit is rated 50tons and consuming power of 30kW and has a lagging power factor of 75%, with a leakage reactance of 15%, and with zero sequence reactance of 9%. Each machine is solidly grounded. Group 1: Group 2: Group 3: Group 4: Group 5: Group 6: 4 x 50tons (120kW), X1=X2=0.0375pu, X0 = 0.0225pu 3 x 50tons (90kW), X1=X2=0.05pu, X0 = 0.03pu 3 x 50tons (90kW), X1=X2=0.05pu, X0 = 0.03pu 2 x 50tons (60kW), X1=X2=0.075pu, X0 = 0.045pu 3 x 50tons (90kW), X1=X2=0.05pu, X0 = 0.03pu 2 x 50tons (60kW), X1=X2=0.075pu, X0 = 0.045pu

Load 1 and 2 is connected under same Manual Transfer Switch (MTS1) Load 3 and 4 is connected under same Manual Transfer Switch (MTS2) Load 5 and 6 is connected under same Manual Transfer Switch (MTS3)

4.c. One line diagram referred to same base MVA and kV Reference base: 1MVA, 460V at the secondary side of the transformer.

4.c.i Positive Sequence Supply Z(supply) = Zbase = = = =19.044 ohm =190.44 ohm = 0.1 p.u.

Zpu(supply) = Conductor(wire)

3-conductors in bundle: (100m) Z = 2.418m + 0.02044i ohm Zbase = Zpu(line) = 1 conductor (50m) Z = 3.627m + 0.01259i ohm Zbase = Zpu(line) = Loads: Zpu(Load 1) = Zpu(Load 2,3,5) = Zpu(Load 4,6) = Figure 3: ( ( ( ) ) ) = = = ( ( ( ) ) ) = =0.2116 ohm = (0.01714 + 0.059499i) ohm = =0.2116 ohm = (0.01142 + 0.09659i) ohm

4.c.ii Negative Sequence Since X1 = X2, then Figure 4:

4.c.iii Zero Sequence Supply: Line: X0 = = 0.05pu approximate approximate

100m X0 = 1.5(X1) = 0.144885 pu 50m X0 = 1.5(X1) = 0.0892485 pu X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.1 pu X0 = X0 = X0 = = 0.15625pu = 0.208335pu = 0.46875pu

Transformer: Load:(1) Load:(2,3,5) Load:(4,6) Figure 5: