Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

MAM1000W
Tutorial 3 February 2011

1. For each of the statements below, decide whether it is true or false. Do this quickly, but try to get consensus in your group. Be prepared to give a reason for your answer (a tutor may ask you!). (a) For every real number a, (i) a2 = a (ii) ( a)2 = a (b) For every real number x, (i) |x2 | = x2 (ii) |x3 | = x3 (iii) 3 a3 = a (iv) ( 3 a)3 = a. (iv) | sin(x)| = sin |x|

(c) For all real numbers x and y, |x y| = ||x| |y||. [Hint: Each side of the equation represents a distance.]

(iii) 2|x| = |2x |

(d) There is a real number x such that 1 (ii) cosec2 x > cosec3 x. (i) cosec(x) = sin( x )
3 2. If sec x = 2 and tan x < 0, nd, without using a calculator, (a) cosecx (b) cot x (c) cos(x + ) (d) sin(x 1 ). 2 3

3. In each case below, nd the perimeter and area of the shaded region.(Here we briey break our rule of only working in radians to give you some exercise in converting degrees to radians.) (a) The circle has radius 2 and AOB = 80 . (b) The circle has radius 3 and AOB = 60. (c) The triangle ABC is equilateral and BC is the diameter of a semi-circle with radius 1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

4. You are given that one of the functions in the table below is linear and the other is exponential. Which is which? Find a formula for each of them. x 2 1 0 1 2 f (x) 36 12 4 4/3 4/9 1 g(x) 36 20 4 12 28

5. The eccentric Dr X has observed that attendance at his rst-period lecture uctuates during the semester and suspects that it follows a predictable pattern. The highest attendance he has recorded was 103, and this happened both at his introductory lecture (lecture 0) and at the last lecture, and the lowest attendance was 23, at lecture number 30. There are 60 lectures in a semester. Dr X thinks that he can use a function of the form f (t) = A cos at + b to describe attendance, where f (t) is the number of students at lecture number t, and A, a and b are constants. Below we try to do this. (a) Begin by drawing a graph that shows attendance for one semester, putting in the information given above. Use one period of the cosine function to describe attendance for the whole semester. Put the numbers of of the lectures (0 to 60) on the horizontal axis. (b) What is the amplitude you want for your graph? Since the ordinary cosine function has amplitude 1, you will need to stretch the cosine function vertically to get the amplitude you want. How much do you need to stretch? Which constant have you just worked out? (c) If you take an ordinary (stretched) cosine function, it oscillates about the taxis. You want your function to oscillate around another line. Which one? To do this you will have to shift. In which direction, and by how much do you need to shift? Once you have answered these questions, you will know the value of another one of the constants. Which one, and what is its value? (d) The period of a cosine function is 2, and there are 60 lectures in a semester. This information enables you to nd the last constant. Find it. (e) Now write down the expression for f (t), with the values of the constants lled in. (f) Dr X is happy with the function you found in (e) and plans to use it in when he lectures to the same group of students in the second semester. Unfortunately, in the second semester course a new group of students with a rather dierent pattern of attendance joins his class. In their previous course there was a highest attendance of 75 in lecture 15 and a lowest attendance of 15 in lecture 45. Use the same method as above to nd a sine function describing their attendance. (g) Finally nd a function that describes the attendance of the combined class. [Hint: The total attendance is the sum of the sum of the number of students from each group attending.] Now write this function as a single sine function of the form h(t) = A sin(kt + ) + c. (h) In which lecture will the attendance in the combined class be at its lowest? 6. On the same system of axes sketch the graphs of the functions (a) f (x) = sin2 x and (b) g(x) = | sin x| for 2 x 2. Clearly indicate which graph belongs to which function.

In Question 5 in Tutorial 2 we asked you to sketch the graph of a rational function. If you have not done that question yet, do the next question now, to get some practice with sketching rational functions. Make sure that you nish both these questions before next week. 7. The function f is dened by f (x) = (a) What is the domain of f ? (b) Find the intercepts of the graph of f with the x- and y-axes. (c) Use a sign table to determine where f is positive, and where it is negative. (d) Find the vertical asymptotes of the graph. What does the graph of f do as we approach the asymptote(s)? (You will have to consider what happens as you approach from the left and from the right.) (e) Write f (x) as the sum a polynomial and a rational function, with the degree of the numerator of this rational function less than that of the denominator. (f) Does the graph of f have any other asymptotes than the vertical one(s)? If so, nd all of them. (g) Does the graph of f intersect any of its asymptotes? If it does, nd the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection. (h) Sketch the graph of f , using the information you have found so far. If possible, try not to plot any points other than the ones you have already found above. 8. Let f : R R be a function. (a) Prove that the function dened by g(x) = f (x) + f (x) is even. (b) Prove that the function dened by h(x) = f (x) f (x) is odd. (c) Deduce that any function f : R R can be written as the sum of an even and an odd function. (Can you think of a quick way of proving this for a polynomial function?) 4 x2 . x2 + 2x 3

(d) Write the function f (x) = ex sin(x + 2 ) as a sum of an even and an odd 3 function