Dutch Republic

1588 1602 1621 1664 1689 Defeat of the Armada. Foundation of the Dutch East Indies Company. Resumption of war with Spain and foundation of the Dutch West India Company. New Amsterdam seized by the English and renamed New York. William and Mary become King and Queen of England. Terms: Scumbling-the application of a fine layer of paint with a very dry brush. It is sometimes described as a glaze effect, but rather than the pigments being dispersed in a transparent medium, scumbling creates a fine mesh of opaque pigment (used by Rembrandt) Pronk-a fancy still life painted by Dutch Republic artists (Claesz) Vanitas-a type of symbolic still life painting commonly executed by Northern European painters in Flanders and the Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The term vanitas itself refers to the arts, learning and time. Latin, meaning "emptiness-referring to parts of life. RRP-Rembrandt Research Project-formed in 1969 to authenticate Rembrandt works. Pentimenti-underdrawing in a painting (Rembrandt) Camera Obscura-technique used with a mirror to show perspective, concave/convex lenses. Pointilla-point of light in Vermeers early works Genre-scenes of everyday life, Vermeer, Honthorts, Terbruggen Calvinism-form of Protestantism that settles in Holland Mal Stick-device used to keep a hand steady while painting (Leyster and Rembrandt) Utrecht Caravaggistti-followers of Caravaggio in style, based in Utrecht (Terbruggen, Honthorst, Baburen) Caravaggesque-Caravaggisti-Northern Caravaggissti-Utrecht Caravaggisti Haarlem Academy-painters who referred to classical and ancient subject matter-teachers of Hals and Rembrandt (Goltzius, van Vander, and Cornelius Cornelisz) Major cities: Haarlem, Amsterdam, Utrecht, and Delft Materials: Oil on canvas and Oil on Panel

1609-21 Twelve Years Truce with Spain. 1625-26 Foundation of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.

1702-13 War of the Spanish Succession, ending at the Treaty of Utrecht.

Landscape
Van Ruisdael o View of Haarlem o Mill at Wijk near Duursteede oil on canvas oil on canvas 1665 1670

Biblical/Political
Rembrandt o o o o Night Watch* Bathsheba Self Portraits* Prodigal Son oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on canvas 1642 1654 1640s-1660s 1668 (?)

Genre
Vermeer o o o o o The Little Street in Delft View of the Delft* Woman w/Balance* Woman laughing with a Soldier Girl with a Pearl earring oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on canvas 1657 1662 1664 1665 1665

Still Life
Claesz o Still Life (vanitas) o Still Life with a Watch (pronk) o Lemon and Lobster oil on canvas oil on panel oil on canvas 1630 1636 1630s?

Other Dutch Artists

Hals Judith Leyster Jan Steen Honthorst Civic Guard of St. George Co. Self Portrait Doctors Visit At the Procuress oil on canvas oil on canvas oil on panel oil on canvas 1616 1633 1660 1625

*Images are found in text.