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Extra Activities for Chapter One

Alphabet Song
(tune: Yankee Doodle)

Alpha, beta, gamma, delta,

Epsilon and zeta,

Eta, theta, iota, kappa,

Lambda, mu, nu, xi.

Omicron and pi and rho,

Sigma, tau and upsilon,

Phi, chi, psi and omega,

Thats the alphabet.


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Practice Greek reading
Greek Words Borrowed into English
1. toi,
2. ioyvooi,
3. |pioi,
4. ouvoyoyq
5. vtuovio
6. tooi,
7. |iio
8. ito
9. oiyo
10. too,
11. tpo,
12. ouvoi,
13. u_q
14. |ooopoq
15. _oo,
16. ooi,
17. ovq
18. oyo
19. _opo|qp
20. _opioo

Names:
1. 1io,
2. Kqo,
3. Eiioot
4. 1ioto,
5. Aitovpo,
6. Mooio,
7. Evo_
8. Avpto,
9. Aopov
10. Mopo
11. Zo|_oio,
12. 1qii
13. Ati
14. Mopio
15. Hpoq,
16. 1qoo,
17. Apoo
18. Mop|o,
19. Otoiio,
20. 1iiio,
21. Avvo
22. Mi_oqi
23. Iooo|
24. 1iiqov
25. Ao,
26. Iouo,
27. Iopoqi
28. /o
29. Aoiio,
30. Ovqoio,
31. Houio,
32. 2q
33. Hopoiooio,
34. Mouoq,
35. Poq
36. 2iov
37. Hopvoo,
38. Niytp
39. Pou
40. 2tovo,
41. lopiqi
42. Ni|oqo,
43. Pouo,
44. Xpioo,
45. Loviqi
46. 2oouqi
47. Iooq
48. Xpioiovo,
49. Loui
50. 2oov
51. /tui
52. 1oqt
53. Et|io,
54. 2ouio,
55. /ou|o,
56. Eovouqi
57. Ao
58. :tpq,
59. Hoou
60. 2oovo,

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Transliteration Exercise: English alphabet to Greek alphabet

Note: the difference between transliteration and translation
Transliteration: writing the same sounds in a different alphabet, e.g. oyoq = agape
Translation: writing the same meaning in a different language, e.g. oyoq = love

Write the following in Greek letters. Check your answer with Revelation 22:16.

Ego Iesous epempsa ton angelon mou marturesai humin tauta
epi tais ekklesiais. ego eimi he hriza kai genos Dauid, ho aster
ho lampros ho pronos.



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Breathing Mark Practice

Every NT Greek word that begins with a vowel (including diphthongs) or rho
MUST have a breathing mark. If the first letter of the word is rho or upsilon, the
breathing mark must be rough. Otherwise, you cannot tell in advance whether the
breathing mark will be rough or smooth. You have to memorize it as part of the
spelling and pronunciation.

a. Place a smooth breathing mark on the correct place on the following words.

1. tyo 2. oi|o, 3. tov 4. oq
5. ou, 6. Aiyuo, 7. Apoo 8. tiov
b. Place a rough breathing mark on the correct place on the following words:
1. oo 2. uio, 3. itpov 4. utp
5. puq 6. oot 7. oi, 8. oiptoi,

Secret Code Message (it is in English, done according to English pronunciation,
not spelling. Of course, some English sounds do not have Greek letters, so there
has to be some adaptation)

iopov o op lpi| otutv,:

vttp yt toiv iv iop outp|. q| oup iou vo t piio, itootv iop
|oiyy ou |io,.


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Noun Jobs
What grammatical job is the noun Elvis doing in each of these sentences?
1. Elvis crooned a song.
2. The fans loved Elvis.
3. a) The groupies sent Elvis a letter.
b) The groupies sent a letter to Elvis.
4. Elvis, said his mother, here are some cookies.
5. The manager stood beside Elvis.
6. a) Somebody took Elviss guitar.
b) Somebody took the guitar of Elvis.
7. The contest winner is Elvis.
The English method of showing a nouns job is its order or position in the sentence.
The Greek method is by putting a label on the noun. The labels are the Case Endings. (Case
means function roughly).
Greek has five cases, and the uses are grouped under them.
Memorize these:
Nominative Case is used for a noun that is subject or complement.
Vocative Case is used for a noun being addressed (spoken to).
Genitive Case is used for a noun that is possessor, and following some
prepositions.
Dative Case is used for a noun that is indirect object, and following some
prepositions.
Accusative Case is used for a noun that is direct object, and following some
prepositions.
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For masculine and feminine singular second declension nouns, the case endings are
as follows:
Nom -o,
Voc -t
Gen -ou
Dat -o
Acc -ov
Nouns are given in the lexicon and vocabulary in their Nominative singular form,
so second declension nouns appear in the vocab ending in o,.
E.g. oyytio,, to,, Xpioo,, Htpo,, ioyo,, |upio,, oi|o,.
1. to, qyoqotv (loved) Htpov. 5. Iqoou, toiv o Xpioo, tou.
2. tov qyoqotv Htpo,. 6. to|tv (gave) to, ioyov Htpo.
3. Htpt, to, ot (you) qyoqotv. 7. oyytio to|tv |upio, ioyov.
4. oyytio, toiv (is) tv oi|o. 8. po, |upiov Htpo, qitv (came).


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Parts of Speech
Traditionally, these parts of speech (kinds of words) are recognized in Greek.
(Other languages may need to divide their words into different categories.)

Inflected words (words that change their endings and/or beginnings to indicate
more meaning)

A. Substantives (inflected for Gender, Number, Case)
Noun: name of a person, place or thing (e.g. John, Toronto, desk, intelligence)
Pronoun: word that substitutes for a noun (e.g. he, them, someone, who?)
Adjective: word that describes a noun (e.g. big, black, round, intelligent) and can
sometimes stand in for a noun (e.g. the good = the good people). The article
(the) is a kind of adjective.

B. Verbs
A verb is an action word, though some actions are actually processes or states (e.g.
to think, to reveal, to age, to walk, to sit, to exist)
Verbs are inflected for Tense and Voice. This is all that Infinitives are inflected
for.
Finite verbs are also inflected for Mood, Person and Number.
Participles are part adjective, so are inflected for gender, number and case as well
as tense and voice.

Uninflected words (words that dont change except for easier pronunciation before
certain other letters) [All of these are Particles]

C. An Adverb is a word that describes when, how, or where a verb action took
place (e.g. quickly, silently, later, homeward, not). Some adverbs can give intensity
to an adjective or another adverb (e.g. very, greatly, hardly, almost). [Some
adverbs can be modified to show degree, e.g. more quickly, most quickly]

D. A Preposition is a word that shows a relationship of location, time, or logic,
strengthening the force of a substantives case (e.g. on, under, after, before, about,
because of, according to). It is followed by a substantive.

E. A Conjunction is a word that usually joins two clauses together (e.g. and, but,
because, if, therefore)

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F. An Interjection is a word that expresses feeling, but is not part of the
grammatical structure of the sentence (e.g. Oh! Rats! Hey! Oops! Ouch!)

G. Other Particles are words that give subtle nuance to a sentence. Many Greek
particles are hard to translate into English. E.g. opo beginning a question gives the
impression that the speaker probably expects you to answer no. This is the
opposite of the Canadian eh? at the end of a sentence, which invites you to agree.