Vocabulary DBA

antecedent n tsid ntShow Spelled[an-tuh-seed-nt] adjective 1. preceding; prior: an antecedent event. anthropology n rpl diShow Spelled[an-thruh-pol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun 1. the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind. 2. the study of human beings' similarity to and divergence from other animals. 3. the science of humans and their works. 4. Also called philosophical anthropology. the study of the nature and essence of humankind. a priori e prar a,-or a,e prir i,-or i, prir i,-or iShow Spelled[ey prahy-awr-ahy, ohr-ahy, ey pree-awr-ee, -ohr-ee, ah pree-awr-ee, -ohr-ee] Show IPA adjective 1. from a general law to a particular instance; valid independently of observation.Compare a posteriori def. 1. 2. existing in the mind prior to and independent of experience, as a faculty or character trait.Compare a posteriori def. 2. 3. not based on prior study or examination; nonanalytic: an a priori judgment. artifact r tfktShow Spelled[ahr-tuh-fakt] Show IPA noun a substance or structure not naturally present in the matter being observed but formed by artificial means, as during preparation of a microscope slide. a spurious observation or result arising from preparatory or investigative procedures. any feature that is not naturally present but is a product of an extrinsic agent, method, or the like: statistical artifacts that make the inflation rate seem greater than it is.
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Convergent Validity To establish convergent validity, you need to show that measures that should be related are in reality related. In the figure below, we see four measures (each is an item on a scale) that all purport to reflect the construct of self esteem. For instance, Item 1 might be the statement "I feel good about myself" rated using a 1-to-5 Likert-type response format. We theorize that all four items reflect the idea of self esteem (this is why I labeled the top part of the figure Theory). On the bottom part of the figure (Observation) we see the intercorrelations of the four scale items. This might be based on giving our scale out to a sample of respondents. You should readily see that the item intercorrelations for all item pairings are very high (remember that correlations range from -1.00 to +1.00). This provides evidence that our theory that all four items are related to the same construct is supported.

Notice, however, that while the high intercorrelations demonstrate the the four items are probably related to the same construct, that doesn't automatically mean that the construct is self esteem. Maybe there's some other construct that all four items are related to (more about this later). But, at the very least, we can assume from the pattern of correlations that the four items are converging on the same thing, whatever we might call it.

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complementarity km pl mntr tiShow Spelled[kom-pluh-men-tar-i-tee] noun the quality or state of being complementary. counterfactual kan trfk tu lShow Spelled[koun-ter-fak-choo-uh l] Show IPA noun Logic . a conditional statement the first clause of which expresses something contrary to fact, as If I had known. Discriminant Validity To establish discriminant validity, you need to show that measures that should not be related are in reality not related. In the figure below, we again see four measures (each is an item on a scale). Here, however, two of the items are thought to reflect the construct of self esteem while the other two are thought to reflect locus of control. The top part of the figure shows our theoretically expected relationships among the four items. If we have discriminant validity, the relationship between measures from different constructs should be very low (again, we don't know how low "low" should be, but we'll deal with that later). There are four correlations between measures that reflect different constructs, and these are shown on the bottom of the figure (Observation). You should see immediately that these four cross-construct correlations are very low (i.e., near zero) and certainly much lower than the convergent correlations in the previous figure. Show IPA

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As above, just because we've provided evidence that the two sets of two measures each seem to be related to different constructs (because their intercorrelations are so low) doesn't mean that the constructs they're related to are self esteem and locus of control. But the correlations do provide evidence that the two sets of measures are discriminated from each other. disposition - dispositional 1. the predominant or prevailing tendency of one's spirits; natural mental and emotional outlook or mood; characteristic attitude: a girl with a pleasant disposition. distal adjective 1. situated away from the point of origin or attachment, as of a limb or bone; terminal. Compare proximal. dyadic dad kShow Spelled[dahy-ad-ik] Show IPA adjective 1. of or consisting of a dyad; being a group of two. 2. pertaining to the number 2. empirical mpr klShow Spelled[em-pir-i-kuh l] Show IPA adjective 1. derived from or guided by experience or experiment. 2. depending upon experience or observation alone, without using scientific method or theory, esp. as in medicine. 3. provable or verifiable by experience or experiment. endogenous ndd nsShow Spelled[en-doj-uh-nuh s] Show IPA adjective 1. proceeding from within; derived internally. 2. Biology. growing or developing from within; originating within.
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3. Pathology. (of a disease) resulting from conditions within the organism rather than externally caused. 4. Biochemistry. pertaining to the metabolism of nitrogenous elements of cells and tissues. 5. Geology. endogenetic.

ethnography ng r fiShow Spelled[eth-nog-ruh-fee] Show IPA noun a branch of anthropology dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures etiology i til diShow Spelled[ee-tee-ol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun, plural -gies. 1. Pathology . a. the study of the causes of diseases. b. the cause or origin of a disease. 2. the study of causation. 3. any study of causes, causation, or causality, as in philosophy, biology, or physics. epigone p gonShow Spelled[ep-i-gohn] Show IPA noun an undistinguished imitator, follower, or successor of an important writer, painter, etc. epistemology ps tml diShow Spelled[ih-pis-tuh-mol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.

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ethnography ng r fiShow Spelled[eth-nog-ruh-fee] Show IPA noun a branch of anthropology dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures. equivocal 1. allowing the possibility of several different meanings, as a word or phrase, esp. with intent to deceive or misguide; susceptible of double interpretation; deliberately ambiguous: an equivocal answer. 2.of doubtful nature or character; questionable; dubious; suspicious: aliens of equivocal loyalty. 3.of uncertain significance; not determined: an equivocal attitude. exogenous ksd nsShow Spelled[ek-soj-uh-nuh s] adjective 1. originating from outside; derived externally. expectancy kspk tn siShow Spelled[ik-spek-tuh n-see] Show IPA noun,plural-cies. 1. the quality or state of expecting; expectation; anticipatory belief or desire. explicate k splketShow Spelled[ek-spli-keyt] verb (used with object),-cated, -cating. 1. to make plain or clear; explain; interpret. 2. to develop (a principle, theory, etc.). fecundity fkn d tiShow Spelled[fi-kuhn-di-tee] Show IPA noun 1. the quality of being fecund; capacity, esp. in female animals, of producing young in great numbers. 2.
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fruitfulness or fertility, as of the earth. 3. the capacity of abundant production: fecundity of imagination. gestalt gtlt,-tlt,-stlt,-stltShow Spelled[guh-shtahlt, -shtawlt, -stahlt, -stawlt] Show IPA noun,plural-stalts, -stalten -tl tn,-tl-,-stl-,-stl-Show Spelled[-shtahl-tn, -shtawl-, -stahl-, -stawl-] Show IPA. (sometimes initial capital letter ) Psychology. 1. a configuration, pattern, or organized field having specific properties that cannot be derived from the summation of its component parts; a unified whole. Gestalt psychology noun (sometimes lowercase ) the theory or doctrine that physiological or psychological phenomena do not occur through the summation of individual elements, as reflexes or sensations, but through gestalts functioning separately or interrelatedly. Also called configurationism. heuristic hyrs tkor, often, y-Show Spelled[hyoo-ris-tik or, often, yoo-] Show IPA adjective of, pertaining to, or based on experimentation, evaluation, or trial-and-error methods. Computers, Mathematics. pertaining to a trial-and-error method of problem solving used when an algorithmic approach is impractical. Homo Economicus definition The rational human being that many economists use when deriving, explaining, and verifying their theories and models. The basis for a majority of economic models is the assumption that all human beings are rational and will always attempt to maximize their utility - whether it be from monetary or non-monetary gains. Many people disagree over the assumption underlying the homo economicus, so it continues to be a point of contention. indicant n d kntShow Spelled[in-di-kuh nt] noun Show IPA

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1. something that indicates; indicator. adjective 2. Obsolete . serving to indicate; indicative A Latent Construct is a variable that cannot be measured directly. Thus, the researcher must capture the variable through questions representing the presence/level of the variable in question. For example, Sales would not be a latent construct because it can be a single number that is objective. However, Customer Satisfaction would be considered a latent construct. A Likert scale (pronounced /lkrt/,[1] also /lkrt/) is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research, such that the term is often used interchangeably with rating scale even though the two are not synonymous. When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. The scale is named after its inventor, psychologist Rensis Likert.[2] LISREL LISREL is a software product designed to estimate and test Structural Equation Models (SEMs). Structural Equation Models are statistical models of linear relationships among latent (unobserved) and manifest (observed) variables. You can also use this software to carry out both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as path analysis. META-ANALYSIS Meta-analysis is the statistical synthesis of the data from a set of comparable studies of a problem, and it yields a quantitative summary of the pooled results. It is the process of aggregating the data and results of a set of studies, preferably as many as possible that have used the same or similar methods and procedures; reanalyzing the data from all these combined studies; and thereby generating larger numbers and more stable rates and proportions for statistical analysis and significance testing than can be achieved by any single study There are several coefficients for estimating reliability under multidimensional measure circumstances. Mosiers Composite Reliability. Mosier (1943) has developed reliability coefficient for composite reliability, a general formula for the reliability of a weighted composite that can be estimated from a knowledge of the weights whatever their source, reliabilities, dispersions, and intercorrelations of the components. munificent myunf sntShow Spelled[myoo-nif-uh-suh nt] adjective
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1. extremely liberal in giving; very generous. 2. characterized by great generosity: a munificent bequest nomology noun 1. the science of law or laws. 2. the science of the laws of the mind. normative nr m tvShow Spelled[nawr-muh-tiv] Show IPA adjective 1. of or pertaining to a norm, esp. an assumed norm regarded as the standard of correctness in behavior, speech, writing, etc. 2. tending or attempting to establish such a norm, esp. by the prescription of rules: normative grammar. 3. reflecting the assumption of such a norm or favoring its establishment: a normative attitude ontology ntl diShow Spelled[on-tol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun 1. the branch of metaphysics that studies the nature of existence or being as such. 2. (loosely) metaphysics. parsimony pr smo niShow Spelled[pahr-suh-moh-nee] Show IPA noun extreme or excessive economy or frugality; stinginess; niggardliness pedagogy pd go di,-gd iShow Spelled[ped-uh-goh-jee, -goj-ee] noun,plural-gies. 1. the function or work of a teacher; teaching. 2.
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the art or science of teaching; education; instructional methods. phenomenology fnm nl diShow Spelled[fi-nom-uh-nol-uh-jee] Show IPA nounPhilosophy. 1. the study of phenomena. 2. the system of Husserl and his followers stressing the description of phenomena. Population ecology is a major sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment.[1] The first journal publication of the Society of Population Ecology, titled Population Ecology (originally called Researches on Population Ecology), was released in 1952.[1] Population ecology is concerned with the study of groups of organisms that live together in time and space posit pz tShow Spelled[poz-it] Show IPA verb (used with object) 1. to place, put, or set. 2. to lay down or assume as a fact or principle; postulate Positivist a philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and phenomena, and excluding speculation upon ultimate causes or origins. psychometrics (s'k-mt'rks) n. (used with a sing. verb) The branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits. Also called psychometry purposive pr p svShow Spelled[pur-puh-siv] Show IPA adjective 1. having, showing, or acting with a purpose, intention, or design. 2. adapted to a purpose or end.
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3. serving some purpose. 4. determined; resolute. 5. of or characteristic of purpose. quod erat demonstrandum kwd rt de mnstrn dm;Eng. kwd r t dm nstrn dmShow Spelled[kwawd e-Raht dey-mawn-stRahn-doo m; Eng. kwod er-uh t dem-uh n-stran-duh m] Latin. which was to be shown or demonstrated. Sensemaking is the ability or attempt to make sense of an ambiguous situation. More exactly, sensemaking is the process of creating situational awareness and understanding in situations of high complexity or uncertainty in order to make decisions. It is "a motivated, continuous effort to understand connections (which can be among people, places, and events) in order to anticipate their trajectories and act effectively" (Klein et al., 2006a). Standard Deviation definition 1. A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data is, the higher the deviation. 2. In finance, standard deviation is applied to the annual rate of return of an investment to measure the investment's volatility (risk). A volatile stock would have a high standard deviation. In mutual funds, the standard deviation tells us how much the return on the fund is deviating from the expected normal returns. Standard deviation can also be calculated as the square root of the variance. stochastic stks tkShow Spelled[stuh-kas-tik] Show IPA adjectiveStatistics. of or pertaining to a process involving a randomly determined sequence of observations each of which is considered as a sample of one element from a probability distribution. Strategic Choice Theory is a theory in which forces and variables in the external environment are dynamic, and that business strategies are affected by the interactions between these factors substrate n. (sb'strt')

1. An underlying layer; a substratum.

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tautology ttl diShow Spelled[taw-tol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun,plural-gies. 1. needless repetition of an idea, esp. in words other than those of the immediate context, without imparting additional force or clearness, as in widow woman. 2. an instance of such repetition. 3. Logic. a. a compound propositional form all of whose instances are true, as A or not A. b. an instance of such a form, as This candidate will win or will not win. taxonomy tksn miShow Spelled[tak-son-uh-mee] Show IPA noun 1. the science or technique of classification. 2. Biology. the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms. transmogrify trnsmg rfa,trnz-Show Spelled[trans-mog-ruh-fahy, tranz-] Show IPA verb (used with object), -fied, -fying. to change in appearance or form, esp. strangely or grotesquely; transform. triptych trp tkShow Spelled[trip-tik] Show IPA noun 1. Fine Arts. a set of three panels or compartments side by side, bearing pictures, carvings, or the like. 2. a hinged, three-leaved tablet, written on, in ancient times, with a stylus. typology

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tapl diShow Spelled[tahy-pol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun 1. the doctrine or study of types or prefigurative symbols, esp. in scriptural literature. 2. a systematic classification or study of types. valence valence (v'lns) or valency (-ln-s) n. The attraction or aversion that an individual feels toward a specific object or event. verisimilitude vr sml tud,-tyudShow Spelled[ver-uh-si-mil-i-tood, -tyood] Show IPA noun 1. the appearance or semblance of truth; likelihood; probability: The play lacked verisimilitude. 2. something, as an assertion, having merely the appearance of truth.

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