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Black Box Model It is a model of information processing in which an individual is considered to be a black box into which information flows

from the environment. The information is processed in various ways inside the box until it is expressed as observable behavior (the output). It is characterized because the process and the internal workings of a device are not described; it only gives the output. Advantages of black box models: Fast running: Because black box models usually consist of a set of rules and equations, they are easy to optimize and can run very rapidly. For example, determining the area under a curve using least-squares fit could give you a useful answer, but does not rely on any real understanding of the problem. Minimal required computing power: Because a black box model is relatively simple, it does not require a great deal of computing power. Disadvantages of black box models: Lack of flexibility: The major disadvantage of a black box model is its lack of flexibility. If the model needs to be changed to describe something physically only slightly
different, it can mean a lot of work to determine any new rules or bulk parameters. A black box model is not appropriate for any form of sensitivity analysis. Non-physical: Another restriction of a black box model is in its lack of any form of physical meaning. This makes it hard to relate the model to the actual device being modeled.

Its elements are: general circuit element, general passive network, s-parameters passive network, y-parameters passive network, and z-parameters passive network.

CPM and PERT CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) are project management techniques, which have been created out of the need of Western industrial and military establishments to plan, schedule and control complex projects. In CPM activities are shown as a network of precedence relationships using activity-on-node network construction Single estimate of activity time Deterministic activity times

Used in : Production management - for the jobs of repetitive in nature where the activity time estimates can be predicted with considerable certainty due to the existence of past experience. In PERT activities are shown as a network of precedence relationships using activity-on-arrow network construction Multiple time estimates Probabilistic activity times

Used in: Project management - for non-repetitive jobs (research and development work), where the time and cost estimates tend to be quite uncertain. This technique uses probabilistic time estimates.

Bibliography
Black Box Model. (s.f.). Recuperado el 12 de August de 2011, de Answers: http://www.answers.com/topic/black-box-model-1 DataNumeric. (s.f.). PERT/CPM for Project Scheduling & Management. Recuperado el 12 de August de 2011, de Intervention: http://www.interventions.org/pertcpm.html Modelling: Choosing A Model. (s.f.). Recuperado el 12 de August de 2011, de LabSpace: http://labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=361363

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