APA STYLE WORKSHOP

Components of a Research Paper

Title page Abstract Introduction Methodology Results Discussion & Conclusion References Appendix

General Requirements
1-inch margins Double-space 12-point font Times Roman or Courier Sections in proper order Page header Title of paper

Title Page
Title should describe focus of paper All information is centered Order of title page information:
Page header first 2-3 words of title & page number Title of Paper Authors name Institutions name

Title Page - Sample

Page Header
Effects of 1

Effects of Exercise on State Anxiety

Title

Author

Jane M. Smith Alvernia College

Affiliation

Abstract
Place on separate page Double-space the text Do not indent first line Single paragraph 120 words or less Summarize Be brief
Effects of 2 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on state anxiety. For good physical health, The American College of Sports

Body of the Paper

Runs continuously from the Introduction to SAMPLE: the Discussion / Conclusion Include full title at top of the page at beginning of body of paper Double-space text and indent when starting a new paragraph Center heading of each section

Effects of 3

Effects of Exercise on State Anxiety

Stressful events have become

common occurrences in modern

society. The results are increased feelings of stress and anxiety that have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health, leading to

CITATIONS

Citations
Paraphrase and direct quote cite source

Paraphrase take an idea from another author Direct Quote take a sentence or multiple sentences, word-for-word, from another author

Citations
Paraphrasing:
Must include authors last name & year of publication. Page number is not required, but strongly encouraged.

Direct Quote:
Must include authors last name, year of publication, and page number.

Citations
Citing within the text:
Example: Smith (1990) found that there was a strong correlation between exercise duration and state anxiety levels.

Citations
Citing at the end of a sentence:
Example: Exercise duration and state anxiety levels were found to be closely related (Smith, 1990).

Types of Citations
One Work One or Two Authors:
Cite the authors name(s) every time the reference occurs

One Work Three-Five Authors:

Cite all authors the first time and then the last name of the first author and et al. all subsequent times

Example:
1st Time (Williams, Kline, & Jennings, 1990) Rest of Time (Williams et al., 1990)

Types of Citations
One Work Six or More Authors:
Cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al.

Example:

Whitman et al. (2002) (Whitman et al., 2002)

Groups of Authors:
Groups that appear as authors are usually spelled out each time they are cited in a text.

Example:

Cornell Press (2001) (Cornell Press, 2001)

Types of Citations
Work with No Authors
Cite the first few words of the title For an article or chapter, use quotation marks For a periodical or book, use italics

Example: According to The Bond (1990, p.434) (The Bond, 1990, p.434)

Types of Citations
Authors with the Same Last Name:
Include the authors initials in the text citation Example: A. C. Jones (1997) and T. R. Jones (2000) found that . R. M. Wilson and Goodwin (1998) and C. L. Wilson and Lee (2001) reported that

Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Same author, different publication dates organize by year Example: (Wynewood & Cathberg, 1995, 1997)

Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Same author with same publication year add suffixes a, b, c, & so on Example: (Peters, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c)

Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Two or more works by different authors, organize in alphabetical order by last name Example: (Bradford, 1995; Caldwell, 1998)

REFERENCES

References
Placed on separate page after the body of the paper Includes sources from which you obtained information References in alphabetical order First line of each reference is flush left and then following lines are indented

References
Effects of References Breniere, Y. (2003). Strategy of velocity modulation. Journal of Motor Development, 35, 215-221. Retrieved October 14, 2003, from PsycInfo database. Morris, G. & McKee, K. (2003). Environmental education for at-risk students [Abstract]. Educational Research Abstracts, 25, 131. Smith, H. & Kline P. (1990). Classroom management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1

RESOURCES