Kind of Spanners

a. Open-end wrench or open-ended spanner: a one-piece wrench with a Ushaped opening that grips two opposite faces of the bolt or nut. This wrench is often double-ended, with a different-sized opening at each end. The ends are generally oriented at an angle of around 15 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the handle. This allows a greater range of movement in enclosed spaces by flipping the wrench over.

b. Combination wrench or combination spanner: a double-ended tool with one end being like an open-end wrench or open-ended spanner, and the other end being like a boxend wrench or ring spanner. Both ends generally fit the same size of bolt.

c.

Box-end wrench or ring spanner: a

one-piece wrench with an enclosed opening that grips the faces of the bolt or nut. The recess is generally a six-point or twelve-point opening for use with nuts or bolt heads with a hexagonal shape. The twelvepoint fits onto the fastening at twice as many angles, an advantage where swing is limited. Eight-point wrenches are also made for square-shaped nuts and bolt heads. Ring spanners are often double-ended and usually with offset handles to improve access to the nut or bolt (as illustrated).

d. The pipe wrench, or Stillson wrench is an

wrench used for turning soft iron pipes and rounded surface. The design of the adjustable jaw rock in the frame, such that any forward pressure

adjustable fittings with a allows it to on the handle

tends to pull the jaws tighter together. Teeth angled in the direction of turn dig into the soft pipe. They are not intended for use on hard hex nuts because they

would ruin the head; however, when a hex nut becomes rounded beyond use with standard wrenches, the pipe wrench is sometimes used to break the bolt or nut free. Pipe wrenches are usually sold in the following sizes (by length of handle): 10, 14, 18, 24, 36, and 48 inches, although smaller and larger sizes are available as well. They are usually made of either steel or aluminium. Teeth, and jaw kits (which also contain adjustment rings and springs) can be bought to repair broken wrenches, as this is cheaper than buying a new wrench. e. A cone wrench is a tool used in bicycle maintenance to access flats on axles where very little of the axle is exposed. It is similar to an open-ended wrench but much thinner: typically about 2 mm thick, compared to approximately 15 mm for a standard open-ended wrench.

f. The
English)

monkey that was

wrench popular

is in

an the

adjustable wrench (spanner in British nineteenth century but is rarely used today. Its use has generally been replaced by the adjustable-end wrench, which has a compact head and so is more easily used in confined places. The term "monkey wrench" is also used colloquially (and inaccurately) to refer to the pipe wrench

g. An oil-filter wrench is a tool for removing spin-on type oil filters. These filters are smooth, cylindrical canisters with knurling on the bottom that are difficult to grip, especially when they are oily.

h.

Socket wrench: a hollow cylinder that fits over

one end of a nut or bolt head. It may include a handle, if it does not then it is often just referred to as a socket and is usually used with various drive tools to make it a wrench or spanner such as a ratchet handle, a tee bar (sliding tommy bar) bar or a knuckle bar (single axis pivot). It generally has a six-point, eight-point or twelve-point recess, may be shallow or deep, and may have a built-in universal joint. The drive handles generally used with sockets are:

i. The drum wrench is a tool which is commonly used to open large 55-gallon a drums. large When drum's unopened,

contents may be under enormous pressure. If a drum is opened without the proper tools and precautions, the pressure may escape suddenly and violently, causing injury. A drum wrench reduces pressure during the opening process. A drum wrench is a convenient tool for safely opening and removing materials from 55 gallon drums, but they are certainly not the only means of protection from the hazards of said drums. Some drums act as a vacuum with very low internal pressures, increasing the risk of the top "popping up" soon after opening. Using the drum opener as an opening tool provides no protection from this, yet a simple striking on the top of the drum with the wrench and almost certainly any convexing of the top will occur without complication.

j. Lug wrench is the U.S. name for a type of socket wrench used to turn lug nuts on automobile wheels. In the UK it is commonly known as a wheel brace or wheel wrench.

k.

Allen wrench, Hex key or Allen key: a L-shaped wrench fabricated from

(usually)

hexagonal wire stock of various sizes, used to turn screw or bolt heads designed with a hexagonal recess to receive the wrench.

l. Torque wrench: a socket wrench drive tool that is employed to impart a precise amount of torque to a fastener, essential in many cases during the assembly of precision mechanisms.

By: Bagas Dika Anggoro (XI IPA 1)