Project On Sales

SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR.VISHWAS BANDHU (ASSIATANT MANAGER,SALES)
SUBMITTED BY
COURSE ROLL NUMBER
Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029
RAHUL SINGH BBA 3rd year 821209006
IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to all those with whom I interact & whose thought & insight helped me in furthering my knowledge & understanding of the subject. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. VISHWA BANDHU TIWARI, MR.RISHARB MISHRA (Senior Executive of Idea Cellular Company) for having giving a chance to work under his esteem guidance. I am thankful to him for helping me in every possible way. I also express my happiness in regard to my parents,& my friends as without their moral support the success was miles away.
RAHUL SINGH BBA 3rd year
PREFACE THE WOODS ARE LONELY, DARK AND DEEP BUT I HAVE PROMISES TO KEEP, AND MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP The summer training program provides the golden opportunity to learn the corporate happenings and work culture. These real life situations are entirely different from the theoretical exercises enacted in an artificial environment inside the summer training programs, so that the manager do not feel ill case when the time comes to shoulder responsibilities. The aim of this report is to present a list of all that I have learned at Idea cellular company Kanpur during my summer training. I have tried to discuss in detail about my topic on !DEA PCO BUSINESS which is based on theoretical study at my institute and practical study in the organization. Result of my study is based on finding of the interview taken by me. I hope this report will find to be useful to organization & enhance the knowledge of reader in buying behavior to the customer.
I was privileged enough to Join Idea Cellular Ltd. as a summer trainee. On the basis of my training program, I have tried my best to arrange the work in a systematic and chronological way.
RAHUL SINGH BBA 3RD YEAR
DECLARATION This is to declare with best of my knowledge that this project is the original work of mine. I have gathered all the data & information. Now this project is the property Of ptu university,jalandhar So, no one is authorized to use it without the prior permission of concerned authority. RAHUL SINGH BBA 3rd YEAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT NAME 1. Overview of Indian telecom Industry 2. Introduction of All Major Telecom Players 3. Technical Introduction of GSM 4. Company Profile- Aditya Birla Group Company Information Circles History Key people Coverage 5. About Idea cellular Ltd Brand Information Brand Initiatives & Market Research Customer Contact Points Customer Relations & Loyalty Program 6. SWOT ANALYSIS OF IDEA CELLULAR 7. Welcome to the world of idea PCO 8. Research Methodology 9. Findings & Analysis 10. Conclusion 11. Recommendation 12. Questionnaire 13. WORDS OF THANKS 14. Bibliography
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PART-I
HISTORY Telecom in the real sense means transfer of information between two distant points in space. The popular meaning of telecom always involves electrical signals and nowadays people exclude postal or any other raw telecommunication methods from its meaning. Therefore, the history of Indian telecom can be started with the introduction of telegraph.
INTRODUCTION OF THE TELEPHONE In 1880, two telephone companies namely The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. and The Anglo-Indian Telephone Company Ltd. approached the Government of India to establish telephone exchanges in India. The permission was refused on the grounds that the establishment of telephones was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work. By 1881, the Government changed its earlier decision and a licence was granted to the Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening telephone exchanges at Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai (Madras) and Ahmedabad. January 28, 1882, is a Red Letter Day in the history of telephone in India. On this day Major E. Baring, Member of the Governor General of India's Council declared open the Telephone Exchange in Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai. The exchange at Kolkata named "Central Exchange" was opened at third floor of the building at 7, Council House Street. The Central Telephone Exchange had 93 number of subscribers. Bombay also witnessed the opening of Telephone Exchange in 1882.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS 1902 - First wireless telegraph station established between Saugor Islands and Sandheads. 1907 - First Central Battery of telephones introduced in Kanpur. 1913-1914 - First Automatic Exchange installed in Simla. July 23, 1927 - Radio-telegraph system between the UK and India, with beam stations at Khadki and Dond, inaugurated by Lord Irwin by exchanging greetings with the King of England. 1933 - Radiotelephone system inaugurated between the UK and India. 1953 - 12 channel carrier system introduced. 1960 - First subscriber trunk dialing route commissioned between Kanpur and Lucknow. 1975 - First PCM system commissioned between Mumbai City and Andheri telephone exchanges. 1976 - First digital microwave junction introduced. 1979 - First optical fiber system for local junction commissioned at Pune. 1980 - First satellite earth station for domestic communications established at Secunderabad, A.P. 1983 - First analog Stored Program Control exchange for trunk lines commissioned at Mumbai. 1984 - C-DOT established for indigenous development and production of digital exchanges. 1985 - First mobile telephone service started on non-commercial basis in Delhi.
While all the major cities and towns in the country were linked with telephones during the British period, the total number of telephones in 1948 was only around 80,000. Even after independence, growth was extremely slow. The telephone was a status symbol rather than being an instrument of utility. The number of telephones grew leisurely to 980,000 in 1971, 2.15 million in 1981 and 5.07 million in 1991, the year economic reforms were initiated in the country. While certain innovative steps were taken from time to time, as for example introduction of the telex service in Mumbai in 1953 and
commissioning of the first [subscriber trunk dialing] route between Delhi and Kanpur in 1960, the first waves of change were set going by Sam Pitroda in the eighties. He brought in a whiff of fresh air. The real transformation in
scenario came with the announcement of the National Telecom Policy in 1994. MODERN GROWTH Large population, low telephony penetration levels, and rise in consumer income and spend owing to strong economic growth have contributed to making India the fastest-growing telecom market in the world. The first and largest operator is the state-owned incumbent BSNL, which is also the 7th largest telecom company in world in terms of number of subscribers. BSNL was created by corporatization of the erstwhile DTS (Department of
Telecommunication Services), a government unit responsible for provision of telephony services. Subsequently, after the telecommunication policy was revised to allow private operators, companies such as RELIANCE, BHARTI AIRTEL TELECOM, TATA INDICOM, VODAFONE, MTNL, and BPL have
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entered the space. major operators in India. However, rural India still lacks strong infrastructure. The total number of telephones in the country crossed the 281.62 million mark at the end of January 2008. The overall tele-density has increased to 24.63% in January 2008. In the wireless segment, 8.77 million subscribers have been added in January 2008 while 8.11 million subscribers were added in December 2007. The total wireless subscribers (GSM, CDMA & WLL (F)) base is 242.4 million now. The wireline segment subscriber base stood at 39.22 million with a decline of 0.03 million in January 2008.
INDIA, EMERGING AS A MAJOR PLAYER In 1975, the Department of Telecom (DoT) was separated from P&T. DoT was responsible for telecom services in entire country until 1985 when Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was carved out of DoT to run the telecom services of Delhi and Mumbai. In 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the Government for private investment as a part of Liberalisation-Privatization-Globalization policy. Therefore, it became
necessary to separate the Government's policy wing from its operations wing. The Government of India corporatised the operations wing of DoT on October 01, 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Many private operators, such as Reliance India Mobile, Tata Telecom, Vodafone, BPL, Bharti, Idea etc., successfully entered the high potential Indian telecom market.
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GROWTH OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY India has become one of the fastest-growing mobile markets in the world. The mobile services were commercially launched in August 1995 in India. In the initial 5-6 years the average monthly subscribers additions were around 0.05 to 0.1 million only and the total mobile subscribers base in December 2002 stood at 10.5 millions. However, after the number of proactive initiatives taken by regulator and licensor, the monthly mobile subscriber additions increased to around 2 million per month in the year 2003-04 and 2004-05. Although mobile telephones followed the New Telecom Policy 1994, growth was tardy in the early years because of the high price of hand sets as well as the high tariff structure of mobile telephones. The New Telecom Policy in 1999, the industry heralded several pro consumer initiatives. Mobile subscriber additions started picking up. The number of mobile phones added throughout the country in 2003 was 16 million, followed by 22 million in 2004, 32 million in 2005 and 65 million in 2006. The only country with more mobile phones than India with 246 million mobile phones is China 408 million. India has opted for the use of both the GSM (global system for mobile communications) and CDMA (code-division multiple access) technologies in the mobile sector. In addition to landline and mobile phones, some of the companies also provide the WLL service. The mobile tariffs in India have also become lowest in the world. A new mobile connection can be activated with a monthly commitment of US$5 only.
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In 2005 alone 32 million handsets were sold in India. The data reveals the real potential for growth of the Indian mobile market. The Indian telecommunications has been zooming up the growth curve at a feverish pace, emerging as one of the key sectors responsible for India's resurgent economic growth. India is set to surpass US to become the second largest wireless network in the world with a subscriber base of over 300 million by April, according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). The month of April 2008 will see India wireless subscriber base that currently stands at 250.93 million surpassing that of the US to become the second wireless network in the world. The year 2007 saw India achieving significant distinctions: having the world's lowest call rates (2-3 US cents), the fastest growth in the number of subscribers (15.31 million in 4 months), the fastest sale of million mobile phones (in a week), the world's cheapest mobile handset (US$ 17.2) and the world's most affordable colour phone (US$ 27.42) and largest sale of mobile handsets (in the third quarter. Wireless segment has emerged as the preferred mode of telephone service by the consumers, reflected in the rising share of mobile phone connections to total connections. The share of mobile phones has increased from 71.69 per cent at the end of March 2006 to 87.68 per cent at the end of May 2008. While total mobile subscriber base was 277.92 million, wire line subscriber base was 39.05 million. Consequently, overall tele-density has increased to 27.59 per cent at the end of May 2008. India is likely to be second largest mobile market in the BRIC nations, with 560 million mobile users representing the next great
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growth curve for both mobile and interactive marketing industries, according to a report by e-Marketers. Also, private sector has become the dominant player in the industry. While public sector companies added 53.6 million subscribers during 19982007, private companies have added a whopping 133.58 million subscribers during the same period. The dominance has been much more pronounced in the mobile market, where private operators have added 124.68 million subscribers, subscribers. INVESTMENT The booming domestic telecom market has been attracting accelerating amount of investment. During April 2000 to March 2008, cumulative FDI inflows into the Indian telecommunications sector amounted to US$ 3.84 billion, accounting for 6.81 per cent of the total FDI inflows into the country. In fact, the surge in mobile services market is likely to see investment worth about US$ 24 billion by 2010, going by industry estimates. This is understandable, when seen that the number of mobile subscribers is estimated to increase to 600 million by 2012, according to Standard Chartered Bank, implying a mobile in the hands of every second person in the country. Buoyed by the rapid surge in the subscriber base, huge investments are being made into this industry. Maxis Communications-owned mobile service provider Aircel is planning to invest close to US$ 5 billion over the next four years in India for network enhancement and expansion. while public sector operators added only 31.79 million
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Srei Group's Quippo Telecom Infrastructure Ltd (QTIL) plans to invest US$ 3 billion in 2008-09 to ramp up its telecom infrastructure business to grow both organically and inorganically
The Central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) have lined up investments of US$ 35.09 billion in infrastructure sectors like telecom energy and power for 2008-09.
Vodafone Essar will invest US$ 6 billion over the next three years in a bid to increase its mobile subscriber base from 40 million at present to over 100 million. MANUFACTURING India is emerging as a handset super-power as more manufacturers set
up base in the country, it is not only the world's fastest-growing telecom market but it is also making remarkable progress in the telecom
manufacturing space. Latest figures from the Department of Telecom (DoT) indicate that revenue from the telecom manufacturing sector is set to cross the US$ 6.5 billion mark in fiscal 2007-08. The Indian telecom equipment manufacturing sector is set to become one of the largest globally by 2010. Production in telecom equipment increased from US$ 4.25 billion in 2005-06 to US$ 5.64 billion in 2006-07 and estimated to be US$ 6.31 billion in 2007-08. Consequently, India is estimated to record highest growth in the Asia-Pacific region with a handset production of 51 million. Nokia reached production volume of 125 million in over two years of operations at its manufacturing unit in Tamil Nadu.
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Looking ahead, while mobile phone production is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 28.3 per cent between 2006 to 2011 to total 107 million handsets by 2010, revenues are estimated to grow at a CAGR of 26.6 per cent between 2006 to 2011 to US$ 13.6 billion. Simultaneously, India's surging domestic market is also providing excellent investment opportunities in other segments of telecom equipment industry. For example, TRAI estimates that the country will need about 350,000 telecom towers by 2010, as against 125,000 in 2007. This has in turn attracted many leading global telecom equipment manufacturers to set up their base in India. Other major companies like Foxconn, Aspcomomp, and Solectron among others have decided to set up their manufacturing base in India. In 2007 alone, US$ 2 billion is expected to be made in the telecom manufacturing segment. VALUE ADDED SERVICES MARKET India's runaway success in mobile telephony has also given a boost to the mobile value added services (MVAS) market. According to a study by Stanford University and consulting firm BDA, the Indian MVAS is poised to touch US$ 926.3 million in 2007 and is likely to grow at a CAGR of 44 per cent to US$ 2.74 billion by 2010.
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GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES The Government has taken many proactive initiatives which have provided a framework for the rapid growth of the telecom industry. Opening the industry for private sector participation. 100 per cent FDI is permitted in telecom equipment manufacturing through the automatic route. FDI ceiling in telecom services has been raised to 74 per cent. Establishment of an independent regulator - the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)-for the telecom sector. Introduction of a Unified access licensing regime for telecom services on a pan-India basis. Implementation of New Telecom Policy (NTP'99). Introduction of Calling Party Pay (CPP) regime and lowering of access deficit coupled with introduction of revenue share regime in ADC. Introduction of Mobile Number Portability in a phased manner, starting with the fourth quarter of 2008. Allowing service providers to share active infrastructure.
ROAD AHEAD According to a report by Boston Consulting Group, while only one in 20 of the world's first two billion mobile subscribers live in India, as many as one in every four of the next billion subscribers will be an Indian. The department of telecommunication estimates the total subscriber base to total 500 million by 2010, out of which 80 million are expected to be from rural areas.
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The Indian telecom industry's revenue, likewise, is estimated to increase, which according to Ernst & Young is expected to total US$ 35 billion, accounting for 3.6 per cent of the total GDP of the country. With such growth projection, this industry is likely to see increased investments. In fact, total investment is projected at US$ 76.6 billion during the eleventh plan period (2007-12). Private sector is estimated to continue its dominant share, accounting for 67 per cent of the total projected investment while public sector accounts for the rest.
MAJOR PLAYERS OF THE INDUSTRY There are three types of players in telecom services: STATE OWNED COMPANIES (BSNL and MTNL) PRIVATE INDIAN OWNED COMPANIES (Reliance Info Com, Tata Tele Services) FOREIGN INVESTED COMPANIES (Vodafone, Bharti Tele-Ventures, Escorted, !dea Cellular, BPL Mobile, Spice Communications)
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October, 2000 : BSNL came into existence. World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company. 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages.
1st April, 1986: MTNL was setup 1986 : First digital exchange world technology brought to India. 1997 : Wireless in Local loop introduced 2000 : Millennium Telecom Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of MTNL is born. 2007 : First operator to launch IPTV commercial services
MTNL was set up by the Government of India to upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand the telecom network & introduce new services and to raise revenue for telecom development needs of Indias key metros Delhi and Mumbai.
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Airtel Started mobile business from Delhi First telecom service was introduced in Indore
Ranks number #1 today in Indian mobile market April 2006 : Bharti Global Limited was awarded a telecommunications license in Jersey in the Channel Islands
Bharti Airtel will roll out third generation services in Sri Lanka in association with Singtel.
Apple iPhone3G will be available in India by Airtel and Vodafone on 22nd of august.
27 December 2002 : Reliance Infocomm inaugurated
28 December 2002 : 60,000 route kilometers of a pan-India fiber optic backbone was commissioned.
15 January 2003 : First Base Transceiver Station (BTS) made "Ready for Electronics
01 July 2003 : Introduces "Monsoon Hungama" Offer: Sets world record -acquires one million customers in 10 days
01 January 2006 : launched "One Nation, One Tariff" June 2008 : Reliance touches 50 million mark
Reliance India Mobile, the first of Infocomm's initiatives was launched on December 28, 2002. This marked the beginning of Reliance's vision of
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ushering in a digital revolution in India by becoming a major catalyst in improving quality of life and changing the face of India.
Tata tele services are a part of the $12 billion TATA Group, which has 93 companies, over 200,000 employees and more than 2.3 million shareholders. 1996 : Incorporated and was the first to launch CDMA mobile services in India with the Andhra Pradesh circle December 2002 : acquisition of Hughes Tele.com(India) Limited [now renamed Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) Limited] Tata Teleservices Limited along with Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) Limited serves over 25 million customers in over 5000 towns
On April 1, 1986, the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) - a wholly Government owned corporation - was born as successor to OCS. The company operates a network of earth stations, switches, submarine cable systems, and value added service nodes to provide a range of basic and value added services. Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) was incorporated in 1986 as a public sector enterprise to cater to overseas communication services. In 2002, the Indian government privatized VSNL and the Tata Group acquired a controlling stake in the company.
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Hutchs presence in India dates back to late 1992, when they worked with local partners to establish a company licensed to provide mobile telecommunications services in Mumbai.
Commercial operations began in November 1995. Later it has been overtaken by Vodafone. In 1982 Racal Electronics plc's subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd. won one of two UK cellular telephone network licenses. The network, known as Racal Vodafone was 80% owned by Racal, with Millicom and the Hambros Technology Trust owning 15% and 5% respectively. Vodafone was launched on 1 January 1985. Racal Strategic Radio was renamed Racal Telecommunications Group Limited in 1985. On 29 December 1986 Racal Electronics bought out the minority shareholders of Vodafone for GB110 million. Trivia note-When the Millicom team arrived at Racal in Reading, John Gaiger was given the task of setting up a PC network of HP PCs for them. He named the server, Brezhnev and the workstations were named after American Presidents. In September 1988 the company was again renamed Racal Telecom and on 26 October 1988 Racal Electronics floated 20% of the company. The flotation valued Racal Telecom at GB1.7 billion. On 16 September 1991 Racal Telecom was demerged from Racal Electronics as Vodafone Group.
Idea Cellular Ltd. has a new ownership structure and grand designs to become a national player, but in doing so is likely to become a thorn in the side of Reliance Communications Ltd. Idea operates in 11 telecom circles, or regions, in Western India, and has received additional GSM licenses to expand its network into three circles in other part of India -- the first phase
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of a major expansion plan that it intends to fund through an IPO, according to parent company ADITYA BIRLA Group. 1995 : Incorporated as Birla Communications Limited and obtained licenses for providing GSM-based services in the Gujarat and Maharashtra Circles 1997 : Network rollout and commercial launch January 2001 : Merger with Tata Cellular Limited June 2001 : Acquired RPG Cellcom Limited January 2004 : Acquired Escotel Mobile Communications Private Limited ("Escotel") 2002 : Changed name to Idea Cellular Limited and launched "Idea" brand name; reached the one million subscriber mark.
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1999 : Started operations December 2003 : Launched commercially in Chennai
2005 : Expansion mode adopted
Aircel is a mobile phone service provider in India. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout Tamil Nadu (including Chennai), Andhra Pradesh, Assam, North East India, Orissa, West Bengal (including Kolkata), Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh & Mumbai. Aircel was founded by NRI businessman C Sivasankaran. Aircel is a joint venture between Maxis Communications Berhad of Malaysia and Apollo Hospital Enterprise Ltd of India. It is Indias seventh largest GSM mobile service provider with a subscriber base of over 18 million. It has a market share of 6.3% among the GSM operators in the country. As on date, Aircel is present in 17 telecom circles (including Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, North East, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Delhi) and with licences secured for the remaining 10 of the 23 telecom circles, the company plans to become a pan-India operator by 2009.
1995 : Started operations Currently operates in Mumbai city with more than 1 million
BPL Mobile Communications, the countrys oldest mobile telecom service provider, has changed its name to Loop Mobile (in the picture), following the expiry of its brand-use agreement with the TPG Nambiar-owned BPL Group. The company, which faces an ownership battle between the Ruias of the Essar Group and the UK-based Vodafone, does not expect any issues to arise from the change. Loop is an extension of an ongoing campaign, Get in the Loop, and it will be easy for our subscribers to identify with this new brand name. The new name signifies a vibrant company and appeals to the youth of the country, said BPL Mobile Director and CEO Sanjeev Chachondia.
1995 : Starts GSM operations in the Indian state of Rajasthan under the brand name of Oasis Cellular
1997 : Starts wire line and broadband services in Rajasthan, following the auction of fixed-line licenses.
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2000 : Launched in Punjab under the Connect brand name
Average Revenue per Line (ARPL) for Infotel is among the highest in the
country HFCL Infotel Ltd., the first basic telephony services provider for Punjab launched its operations on 16th October, 2000. Today CONNECT has added a milestone to the rich economy of Punjab by providing world-class telephony and data services in the state.
Spice Telecom is the brand name of Spice Communications Limited, a mobile phone service provider in India. Spice Telecom is currently operating in the states of Punjab (India) and Karnataka i.e., in 2 circles of 23 Telecom Circles of India. Spice Communications Limited was promoted by Dilip Modi of Modi Wellvest Private Limited, which owns 40.80% of the company. Mod is promoted by Mr. Dilip Modi and Super Infosys. Telekom Malaysia Berhad owns 39.20% through TMI India Limited, Mauritius. TMI India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of TM's international investment holding company TM International Sdn Bhd (TMI). Spice Telecom is a flagship company of MCorp Global
(www.mcorpglobal.com) a cellular mobile telephone services provider in India. Launched over ten years ago, Spices cellular services have a customer base of over 4 million as on December 2008 in Punjab and Karnataka.
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In 1982, Etisalat was the first telecom operator in the region to introduce a mobile phone service, and was one of the early adopters GSM technology, introducing it to customers in 1994. Since then it has established itself as a regional pioneer by introducing both 3G and MMS in 2003, and most recently, the BlackBerry service in 2006. The board of Etisalat DB today announced that the name of Swan Telecom, a joint venture between Etisalat and DB Realty, has been changed to Etisalat DB Telecom India Pvt. Ltd. The company is headquartered in Mumbai, India.
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NEW COMING TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDER COMPANY
Unitech Wireless a joint venture between Norwegian telco Telenor and Gurgaon-based realty firm Unitech, has awarded a $500 million2,500 crore) contract to Swedish firm Ericsson to supply and manage all network equipment for its rollout of mobile phone services in three telecom circles. Ericsson will be responsible for managing the network for five years in service areas of Bihar, Eastern and Western Uttar Pradesh, said a Unitech Wireless executive, who asked not to be named. Ericsson and Nokia Siemens Networks were the front-runners for the contract. Unitech Wireless, one of the new operators to get licence, is planning to launch GSM-based mobile telephony services starting from the first five circles of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala by the end of this year.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Datacom Solutions, a joint venture (JV) between Dhoot-owned Videocon Group and industrialist Mahendra Nahatas Jumbo Techno Services, Ravi Sharma has resigned citing personal reasons. It may be pointed out that the JV partners were at loggerheads over investments in the company.
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DEFINITION GSM is an acronym for Global System for Mobile communication (derived from Group Special Mobile) which is the most widely accepted standard for digital cellular communications. Even though the idea of a cell based radio
communication system originated at the Bell Labs in the early 1970s the idea was not implemented until mobile communication systems experienced a rapid growth in Europe, particularly in UK and Scandinavia. To overcome the
problems posed by the rapid growth of mobile phones, the Group Special Mobile (GSM) was formed by the Conference of European Posts and
Telecommunications (CEPT). GSMs main aim is to describe the functionality and the interface for each component of the system and to give guidance on the design of the system. Even though the phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990 the commercial use of GSM didnt start until 1991. The most important events in the development of the GSM system are presented in the following table. YEAR 1982 1985 1986 techniques proposed for the air interface TDMA is chosen as access method (in fact, it will be used with FDMA) 1987 1988 Initial Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by a pan-European cellular mobile system Adoption of a list of recommendations to be generated by the group Field tests were performed in order to test the different radio EVENTS CEPT establishes a GSM group in order to develop the standards for
telecommunication operators (representing 12 countries) Validation of the GSM system
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1995
The responsibility of the GSM specifications is passed to the ETSI Appearance of the phase 1 of the GSM specifications Commercial launch of the GSM service Enlargement of the countries that signed the GSM- MoU Coverage of larger cities/airports Coverage of main roads GSM services start outside Europe Phase 2 of the GSM specifications Coverage of rural areas
Today GSM is not just a European standard; GSM networks are operational in more than 80 countries around the world. The number of GSM subscribers is increasing at an exponential rate.
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL SYSTEM Before the advent of GSM most of the cellular systems were analog. The GSM was the first digital cellular system. As the new number of subscribers was increasing in an exponential way, the analog technology prevalent at that time was finding it difficult to cope up with the increasing demand. The new analog technology to handle the increases traffic was very expensive and the digital radio was more cost effective. By using the digital system, different
communication systems such as ISDN could be made compatible to each other. Also it is much easier to modify the characteristics of a digital system than that of an analog system. The quality of service (QoS), which is a very important parameter in deciding the quality of a network, is much more in a digital system than in an analog system. In digital system fadeouts, crosstalk etc are reduced by converting the analog signal into bits. Also, various digital coding methods can be employed in digital systems to improve the quality of service. CELLULAR SYSTEMS
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THE CELLULAR STRUCTURE The area in a cellular system is divided into cells. Each cell has is covered by one transmitter (though sometimes a number of small transmitters may be used). The transmitters power determines the size of a cell. The frequency bandwidth allotted to a cellular system is not limited to a particular cell but spread over a group of cells. This distribution is repeated over a group of cells in the covering area of an operator. By this way frequencies used in a cell can be reused in another cell at an appreciable distance away. The distance between two cells using same frequency should be such that there is no interference. The frequency reuse helps in increasing the capacity of the system. To enable efficient reuse of frequencies low power transmitters are used as then the signal propagates only to a limited area. In order to work properly, a cellular system must meet the following two conditions: The power level of a transmitter within a single cell must be limited to reduce the interference with the transmitters of neighboring cells. The interference will not produce any damage to the system if a distance of about 2.5 to 3 times the diameter of a cell is maintained between transmitters. Adjacent cells can not share the same channel. To reduce the interference, the frequencies must be reused only within a certain pattern. In order to exchange the information needed to maintain the communication links within the cellular network, several radio channels are reserved for the signaling information. CLUSTER The cells are grouped together as clusters. The number of cells in a cluster must
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be determined so that the cluster can be repeated continuously within the covering area of an operator. The typical clusters contain 4, 7, 12 or 21 cells. The number of cells in each cluster is very important. The smaller the number of cells per cluster is, the bigger the number of channels per cell will be. The capacity of each cell will be therefore increased. However a balance must be found in order to avoid the interference that could occur between neighboring clusters. This interference is produced by the small size of the clusters (the size of the cluster is defined by the number of cells per cluster). The total number of channels per cell depends on the number of available channels and the type of cluster used. Types of cells The density of population in a country is so varied that different types of cells are used: Macrocells Microcells Selective cells Umbrella cells
MACROCELLS: The macrocells are large cells for remote and sparsely populated areas. MICROCELLS: These cells are used for densely populated areas like big cities. By splitting the existing areas into smaller cells, the number of channels available is increased as well as the capacity of the cells. The power level of the transmitters used in these cells is then decreased, reducing the possibility of interference between neighboring cells.
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SELECTIVE CELLS: It is not always useful to define a cell with a full coverage of 360 degrees. In some cases, cells with a particular shape and coverage are needed. These cells are called selective cells. Typical examples of selective cells are the cells that may be located at the entrances of tunnels where coverage of 360 degrees is not needed. In this case, a selective cell with coverage of 120 degrees is used. UMBRELLA CELLS: A freeway crossing very small cells produces a large number of handovers among the different small neighboring cells. In order to solve this problem, the concept of umbrella cells is introduced. An umbrella cell covers several microcells. The power level inside an umbrella cell is increased compared to the power levels used in the microcells that form the umbrella cell. When the speed of the cell phones is too high, the mobile is handed off to the umbrella cell. The mobile will then stay in the same cell for longer duration (in this case the umbrella cell). This will reduce the number of handovers and the work of the network.
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THE GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OF THE GSM NETWORK
The GSM technical specifications define the different entities that form the GSM network by defining their functions and interface requirements. The GSM network can be divided into four main parts: The Mobile Station (MS). The Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS). The Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).
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The architecture of the GSM network is presented in figure 1.
A Mobile Station consists of two main elements: The mobile equipment or terminal. The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM).
THE TERMINAL There are different types of terminals distinguished principally by their power and application: The fixed terminals are the ones installed in cars. Their maximum allowed output power is 20 W. The GSM portable terminals can also be installed in vehicles. Their maximum allowed output power is 8W. The handheld terminals have experienced most success because they are light and small. These terminals emit up to 2 W.
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THE SIM The SIM is a smart card that identifies the terminal. By inserting the SIM card into the terminal, the user can have access to all the subscribed services. Without the SIM card, the terminal is not operational. The SIM card is protected by a four-digit Personal Identification Number (PIN). In order to identify the subscriber to the system, the SIM card contains some parameters of the user such as its International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
THE BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM The BSS connects the Mobile Station and the NSS. It is in charge of the transmission and reception. The BSS can be divided into two parts:
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or Base Station. The Base Station Controller (BSC).
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THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION The BTS corresponds to the transceivers and antennas used in each cell of the network. A BTS is usually placed in the center of a cell. Its transmitting power defines the size of a cell. Each BTS has between one and sixteen transceivers depending on the density of users in the cell.
THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER The BSC controls a group of BTS and manages their radio resources. A BSC is principally in charge of handovers, frequency hopping, exchange functions and control of the radio frequency power levels of the BTSs.
THE NETWORK AND SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM Its main role is to manage the communications between the mobile users and other users, such as mobile users, ISDN users, fixed telephony users, etc. It also includes data bases needed in order to store information about the subscribers and to manage their mobility. The different components of the NSS are described below.
THE MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTER (MSC) It is the central component of the NSS. The MSC performs the switching functions of the network. It also provides connection to other networks.
THE GATEWAY MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTER (GMSC) A gateway is a node interconnecting two networks. The GMSC is the interface between the mobile cellular network and the PSTN. It is in charge of routing
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calls from the fixed network towards a GSM user. The GMSC is often implemented in the same machines as the MSC.
HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR) The HLR is considered as a very important database that stores information of the subscribers belonging to the covering area of a MSC. It also stores the current location of these subscribers and the services to which they have access. The location of the subscriber corresponds to the SS7 address of the Visitor Location Register (VLR) associated to the terminal.
VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR) The VLR contains information from a subscribers HLR necessary in order to provide the subscribed services to visiting users. When a subscriber enters the covering area of a new MSC, the VLR associated to this MSC will request information about the new subscriber to its corresponding HLR. The VLR will then have enough information in order to assure the subscribed services without needing to ask the HLR each time a communication is established.
The VLR is always implemented together with a MSC; so the area under control of the MSC is also the area under control of the VLR. THE AUTHENTICATION CENTER (AUC) The AuC register is used for security purposes. It provides the parameters needed for authentication and encryption functions. These parameters help to verify the users identity.
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THE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR) The EIR is also used for security purposes. It is a register containing information about the mobile equipments. More particularly, it contains a list of all valid terminals. A terminal is identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The EIR allows then to forbid calls from stolen or unauthorized terminals (e.g., a terminal which does not respect the specifications concerning the output RF power).
THE GSM INTERWORKING UNIT (GIWU) The GIWU corresponds to an interface to various networks for data
communications. During these communications, the transmission of speech and data can be alternated.
THE OPERATION AND SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM (OSS) The OSS is connected to the different components of the NSS and to the BSC, in order to control and monitor the GSM system. It is also in charge of controlling the traffic load of the BSS. However, the increasing number of base stations, due to the development of cellular radio networks, has forced that some of the maintenance tasks are transferred to the BTS. This transfer decreases considerably the costs of the maintenance of the system.
THE GSM FUNCTIONS In GSM, five main functions can be defined: Transmission.
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Radio Resources management (RR). Mobility Management (MM). Communication Management (CM). Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM).
Transmission The transmission function includes two sub-functions: The first one is related to the means needed for the transmission of user information. The second one is related to the means needed for the transmission of signaling information. Not all the components of the GSM network are strongly related with the transmission functions. The MS, the BTS and the BSC, among others, are deeply concerned with transmission. But other components, such as the registers HLR, VLR or EIR, are only concerned with the transmission for their signaling needs with other components of the GSM network.
Radio Resources Management (RR) The role of the RR function is to establish, maintain and release communication links between mobile stations and the MSC. The elements that are mainly concerned with the RR function are the mobile station and the base station. However, as the RR function is also in charge of maintaining a connection even if the user moves from one cell to another, the MSC, in charge of handovers, is also concerned with the RR functions.
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The RR is also responsible for the management of the frequency spectrum and the reaction of the network to changing radio environment conditions. Some of the main RR procedures that assure its responsibilities are: Channel assignment, change and release. Handover. Frequency hopping. Power-level control. Discontinuous transmission and reception. Timing advance.
HANDOVER The user movements can produce the need to change the channel or cell, especially when the quality of the communication is decreasing. This procedure of changing the resources is called handover. Four different types of handovers can be distinguished: Handover of channels in the same cell. Handover of cells controlled by the same BSC. Handover of cells belonging to the same MSC but controlled by different BSCs. Handover of cells controlled by different MSCs. Handovers are mainly controlled by the MSC. However in order to avoid unnecessary signaling information, the first two types of handovers are managed by the concerned BSC (in this case, the MSC is only notified of the handover). The mobile station is the active participant in this procedure. In order to perform the handover, the mobile station controls continuously its own
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signal strength and the signal strength of the neighboring cells. The list of cells that must be monitored by the mobile station is given by the base station. The power measurements allow deciding which the best cell is in order to maintain the quality of the communication link.
FREQUENCY HOPPING The propagation conditions and therefore the multipath fading depend on the radio frequency. In order to avoid important differences in the quality of the channels, the slow frequency hopping is introduced. The slow frequency hopping changes the frequency with every TDMA frame. A fast frequency hopping changes the frequency many times per frame but it is not used in GSM. The frequency hopping also reduces the effects of co-channel interference. There are different types of frequency hopping algorithms. The algorithm selected is sent through the Broadcast Control Channels. Even if frequency hopping can be very useful for the system, a base station does not have to support it necessarily. On the other hand, a mobile station has to accept frequency hopping when a base station decides to use it.
POWER LEVEL CONTROL At the same time the base stations perform the timing measurements, they also perform measurements on the power level of the different mobile stations. These power levels are adjusted so that the power is nearly the same for each burst. A base station also controls its power level. The mobile station measures the strength and the quality of the signal between itself and the base station. If the
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mobile station does not receive correctly the signal, the base station changes its power level
DISCONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION DISCONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION (DTX): The function of the DTX is to suspend the radio transmission during the silence periods. This is very significant if the fact that a person speaks less than 40 or 50 percent during a conversation is taken into consideration. The DTX helps then to reduce interference between different cells and to increase the capacity of the system. It also extends the life of a mobiles battery. The DTX function is performed thanks to two main features: The Voice Activity Detection (VAD), which has to determine whether the sound represents speech or noise, even if the background noise is very important. If the voice signal is considered as noise, the transmitter is turned off producing then, an unpleasant effect called clipping. The comfort noise. An inconvenient of the DTX function is that when the signal is considered as noise, the transmitter is turned off and therefore, a total silence is heard at the receiver. This can be very annoying to the user at the reception because it seems that the connection is dead. In order to overcome this problem, the receiver creates a minimum of background noise called comfort noise. The comfort noise eliminates the impression that the connection is dead.
DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION
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It is a method used to conserve the mobile stations power. The paging channel is divided into sub channels corresponding to single mobile stations. Each mobile station will then only listen to its sub channel and will stay in the sleep mode during the other sub channels of the paging channel.
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT The MM function is in charge of all the aspects related with the mobility of the user, specially the location management and the authentication and security.
LOCATION MANAGEMENT When a mobile station is powered on, it performs a location update procedure by indicating its IMSI to the network. The first location update procedure is called the IMSI attach procedure. The mobile station also performs location updating, in order to indicate its current location, when it moves to a new Location Area or a different PLMN. This location updating message is sent to the new MSC/VLR, which gives the location information to the subscribers HLR. If the mobile station is authorized in the new MSC/VLR, the subscribers HLR cancels the registration of the mobile station with the old MSC/VLR. A location updating is also performed periodically. If after the updating time period, the mobile station has not registered, it is then deregistered. When a mobile station is powered off, it performs an IMSI detach procedure in order to tell the network that it is no longer connected.
AUTHENTICATION AND SECURITY

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The authentication procedure involves the SIM card and the Authentication Center. A secret key, stored in the SIM card and the AuC, and a ciphering algorithm called A3 are used in order to verify the authenticity of the user. The mobile station and the AuC compute a SRES using the secret key, the algorithm A3 and a random number generated by the AuC. If the two computed SRES are the same, the subscriber is authenticated. The different services to which the subscriber has access are also checked. Another security procedure is to check the equipment identity. If the IMEI number of the mobile is authorized in the EIR, the mobile station is allowed to connect the network. In order to assure user confidentiality, the user is registered with a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) after its first location update procedure. Enciphering is another option to guarantee a very strong security but this procedure is going to be described in section 5.
COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT (CM) The CM function is responsible for: Call control. Supplementary Services management. Short Message Services management.
CALL CONTROL (CC) The CC is responsible for call establishing, maintaining and releasing as well as for selecting the type of service. One of the most important functions of the CC is the call routing. In order to reach a mobile subscriber, a user dials the Mobile Subscriber ISDN (MSISDN) number which includes:
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A country code A national destination code identifying the subscribers operator A code corresponding to the subscribers HLR
The call is then passed to the GMSC (if the call is originated from a fixed network) which knows the HLR corresponding to a certain MISDN number. The GMSC asks the HLR for information helping to the call routing. The HLR requests this information from the subscribers current VLR. This VLR allocates temporarily a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the call. The MSRN number is the information returned by the HLR to the GMSC. Thanks to the MSRN number, the call is routed to subscribers current MSC/VLR. In the subscribers current LA, the mobile is paged.
SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES MANAGEMENT The mobile station and the HLR are the only components of the GSM network involved with this function.
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES MANAGEMENT In order to support these services, a GSM network is in contact with a Short Message Service Center through the two following interfaces: The SMS-GMSC for Mobile Terminating Short Messages (SMS-MT/PP). It has the same role as the GMSC. The SMS-IWMSC for Mobile Originating Short Messages (SMS-MO/PP).
OPERATION, ADMINISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE (OAM)
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The OAM function allows the operator to monitor and control the system as well as to modify the configuration of the elements of the system. Not only the OSS is part of the OAM, also the BSS and NSS participate in its functions as it is shown in the following examples: The components of the BSS and NSS provide the operator with all the information it needs. This information is then passed to the OSS which is in charge of analyzing it and control the network. The self test tasks, usually incorporated in the components of the BSS and NSS, also contribute to the OAM functions. The BSC, in charge of controlling several BTSs, is another example of an OAM function performed outside the OSS.
RADIO INTERFACE Most of the GSM networks operate at frequency of 900MHz and/or 1800MHz except in USA and Canada where the GSM networks operate at 850/1900 MHz. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which manages the
international allocation of radio spectrum, has allocated the bands 890-915 MHz for the uplink (mobile station to base station) and 935-960 MHz for the downlink (base station to mobile station) for mobile networks in Europe. A Since this range was already being used in the early 1980s by the analog systems of the day, the CEPT had the foresight to reserve the top 10 MHz of each band for the GSM network that was still being developed. A Eventually, GSM will be allocated the entire 225 MHz bandwidth.
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MULTIPLE ACCESS AND CHANNEL STRUCTURE Since radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users, a method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as many users as possible. The method chosen by GSM is a combination of Time- and Frequency-Division Multiple Access (TDMA/FDMA). The FDMA part involves the division by frequency of the (maximum) 25 MHz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequencies spaced 200 kHz apart. One or more carrier frequencies are assigned to each base station. Each of these carrier frequencies is then divided in time, using a TDMA scheme. The fundamental unit of time in this TDMA scheme is called a burst period and it lasts 15/26 ms (or approx. 0.577 ms). Eight burst periods are grouped into a TDMA frame (120/26 ms, or approx. 4.615 ms), which forms the basic unit for the definition of logical channels. One physical channel is one burst period per TDMA frame. Channels are defined by the number and position of their corresponding burst periods. All these definitions are cyclic, and the entire pattern repeats approximately every 3 hours. Channels can be divided into dedicated channels, which are allocated to a mobile station, and common channels, which are used by mobile stations in idle mode.
TRAFFIC CHANNELS A traffic channel (TCH) is used to carry speech and data traffic. Traffic channels are defined using a 26-frame multiframe, or group of 26 TDMA frames. The
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length of a 26-frame multiframe is 120 ms, which is how the length of a burst period is defined (120 ms divided by 26 frames divided by 8 burst periods per frame). Out of the 26 frames, 24 are used for traffic, 1 is used for the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) and 1 is currently unused. TCHs for the uplink and downlink are separated in time by 3 burst periods, so that the mobile station does not have to transmit and receive simultaneously, thus simplifying the electronics.In addition to these full-rate TCHs, there are also half-rate TCHs defined, although they are not yet implemented. Half-rate TCHs will effectively double the capacity of a system once half-rate speech coders are specified (i.e., speech coding at around 7 kbps, instead of 13 kbps). Eighth-rate TCHs are also specified, and are used for signaling. In the recommendations, they are called Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channels (SDCCH).
Figure 2: Organization of bursts, TDMA frames, and multiframes for speech and data
CONTROL CHANNELS
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Common channels can be accessed both by idle mode and dedicated mode mobiles. The common channels are used by idle mode mobiles to exchange the signaling information required to change to dedicated mode. Mobiles already in dedicated mode monitor the surrounding base stations for handover and other information. The common channels are defined within a 51-frame multiframe, so that dedicated mobiles using the 26-frame multiframe TCH structure can still monitor control channels. The common channels include: Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH): Continually broadcasts, on the downlink, information including base station identity, frequency allocations, and
frequency-hopping sequences. Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) and Synchronization Channel (SCH): Used to synchronize the mobile to the time slot structure of a cell by defining the boundaries of burst periods, and the time slot numbering. Every cell in a GSM network broadcasts exactly one FCCH and one SCH, which are by definition on time slot number 0 (within a TDMA frame). Random Access Channel (RACH): Slotted Aloha channel used by the mobile to request access to the network. Paging Channel (PCH): Used to alert the mobile station of an incoming call. Access Grant Channel (AGCH): Used to allocate an SDCCH to a mobile for signaling (in order to obtain a dedicated channel), following a request on the RACH.
BURST STRUCTURE
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There are four different types of bursts used for transmission in GSM. The normal burst is used to carry data and most signaling. It has a total length of 156.25 bits, made up of two 57 bit information bits, a 26 bit training sequence used for equalization, 1 stealing bit for each information block (used for FACCH), 3 tail bits at each end, and an 8.25 bit guard sequence, as shown in Figure 2. The 156.25 bits are transmitted in 0.577 ms, giving a gross bit rate of 270.833 kbps. The F burst, used on the FCCH, and the S burst, used on the SCH, have the same length as a normal burst, but a different internal structure, which differentiates them from normal bursts (thus allowing synchronization). The access burst is shorter than the normal burst, and is used only on the RACH.
SPEECH CODING GSM is a digital system, so speech signals, inherently analog, have to be digitized. The method employed by ISDN, and by current telephone systems for multiplexing voice lines over high speed trunks and optical fiber lines, is Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM). The output stream from PCM is 64 kbps, too high a rate to be feasible over a radio link. The 64 kbps signal contains much redundancy, although it is simple to implement. The GSM group studied several voice coding algorithms on the basis of subjective speech quality and complexity (which is related to cost, processing delay, and power consumption once implemented) before arriving at the choice of a Regular Pulse Excited Linear Predictive Coder (RPELPC) with a Long Term Predictor loop. Basically,
information from previous samples, which does not change very quickly, is used to predict the current sample. The coefficients of the linear combination of the
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previous samples, plus an encoded form of the residual, the difference between the predicted and actual sample, represent the signal. Speech is divided into 20 millisecond samples, each of which is encoded as 260 bits, giving a total bit rate of 13 kbps.
A GSM SERVICES It is important to note that all the GSM services were not introduced since the appearance of GSM but they have been introduced in a regular way. The GSM Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) defined four classes for the introduction of the different GSM services: E1: introduced at the start of the service. E2: introduced at the end of 1991. Eh: introduced on availability of half-rate channels. A: these services are optional.
Three categories of services can be distinguished: Tele-services. Bearer services. Supplementary Services.
TELESERVICES Telephony (E1 Eh). Facsimile group 3 (E1). Emergency calls (E1 Eh). Tele-text
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Short Message Services (E1, E2, A). Using these services, a message of a maximum of 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent to or from a mobile station. If the mobile is powered off, the message is stored. With the SMS Cell Broadcast (SMS-CB), a message of a maximum of 93 characters can be broadcast to all mobiles in a certain geographical area. Fax mail. Thanks to this service, the subscriber can receive fax messages at any fax machine. Voice mail. This service corresponds to an answering machine.
BEARER SERVICES A bearer service is used for transporting user data. Some of the bearer services are listed below: Asynchronous and synchronous data, 300-9600 bps (E1). Alternate speech and data, 300-9600 bps (E1). Asynchronous PAD (packet-switched, packet assembler/disassembler) access, 300-9600 ps (E1). Synchronous dedicated packet data access, 2400-9600 bps (E2).
SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES Call Forwarding (E1). The subscriber can forward incoming calls to another number if the called mobile is busy (CFB), unreachable (CFNRc) or if there is no reply (CFNRy). Call forwarding can also be applied unconditionally (CFU). Barring of All Outgoing Calls, BAOC (E1). Barring of Outgoing International Calls, BOIC (E1).
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Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed toward the Home PLMN Country, BOIC-exHC (E1). Barring of All Incoming Calls, BAIC (E1) Barring of incoming calls when roaming (A). Call hold (E2): Puts an active call on hold. Call Waiting, CW (E2): Informs the user, during a conversation, about another incoming call. The user can answer, reject or ignore this incoming call. Advice of Charge, AoC (E2): Provides the user with online charge information. Multiparty service (E2): Possibility of establishing a multiparty conversation. Closed User Group, CUG (A): It corresponds to a group of users with limited possibilities of calling (only the people of the group and certain numbers). Calling Line Identification Presentation, CLIP (A): It supplies the called user with the ISDN of the calling user. Calling Line Identification Restriction, CLIR (A): It enables the calling user to restrict the presentation. Connected Line identification Presentation, CoLP (A): It supplies the calling user with the directory number he gets if his call is forwarded. Connected Line identification Restriction, CoLR (A): It enables the called user to restrict the presentation. Operator determined barring (A): Restriction of different services and call types by the operator.
CONCLUSION The GSM community undertook a big task to provide a uniform standard so that interoperability exists among different users and manufactures resulting in
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reduced cost and increased quality. The GSM committee has been able to achieve this with success. In today world people carry just one communication device for all their purpose irrespective of the national boundaries they are traveling through. The GSM system operating at 1.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz are a first approach at a true personal communication system. GSM is being used as a basis for the next generation of mobile communication technology in Europe, the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
BENEFITS OF GSM The benefits of GSM include: Support for international roaming Distinction between user and device identification Excellent speech quality Wide range of services Interworking (e.g. with ISDN, DECT) Extensive security features GSM also stands out from other technologies with its wide range of services: Telephony Asynchronous and synchronous data services (2.4/4.8/9.6 kbit/s) Access to packet data network (X.25) Telematic services (SMS, fax, videotext, etc.) Many value-added features (call forwarding, caller ID, voice mailbox) E-mail and Internet connections
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Disadvantages OF GSM Besides the advantage of reusing frequencies, a cellular network also comes with the following disadvantages: An increasing number of base stations increase the cost of infrastructure and access lines. All cellular networks require that, as the mobile station moves, an active call is handed over from one cell to another, a process known as handover.
The network has to be kept informed of the approximate location of the mobile station, even without a call in progress, to be able to deliver an incoming call to that mobile station.
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The second and third items require extensive communication between the mobile station and the network, as well as between the various network elements. That communication is referred to as signaling and goes far beyond the extent of signaling that fixed networks use. The extension of communications requires a cellular network to be of modular or hierarchical structure. A single central computer could not process the amount of information involved. Current market share % of the different GSM companies subscriber base in SEP09 TOTAL SUB Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 NAME OF COMPANY Bharti Airtel Vodafone Essar BSNL IDEA Aircel Reliance Telecom MTNL Loop Mobile All India FIGURES 110511416 82846046 53358992 51454402 25728633 13723380 4369502 2495087 344487458 SHARE 32.08% 24.05% 15.49% 14.94% 7.47% 3.98% 1.27% 0.72% 100.00% % MARKET
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Current market share % of the different CDMA companies subscriber base in MAY09 TOTAL SUB Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NAME OF COMPANY FIGURES RELIANCE COM TATA TELESERVICES BSNL SISTEMA SHYAM HFCL INFOTEL MTNL All India 64.82 36.49 5.42 0.94 0.38 0.31 108.36 SHARE 59.82 33.67 5.00 0.86 0.35 0.28 100.00 % MARKET
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CALL PROCESSING
HISTORY OF ADITAYA BIRLA GROUP

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OUR VISION To be a premium global conglomerate with a clear focus on each business. OUR MISSION To deliver superior value to our customers, shareholders, employees and society at large. OUR VALUES Integrity Commitment Passion Seamlessness Speed
The name Aditya Birla evokes all that is positive in business and in life. It exemplifies integrity, quality, performance, perfection and above all
character. Our logo is the symbolic reflection of these traits. It is the cornerstone of our corporate identity. It helps us leverage the unique Aditya Birla brand and endows us with a distinctive visual image.
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Depicted in vibrant, earthy colours, it is very arresting and shows the sun rising over two circles. An inner circle symbolising the internal universe of the Aditya Birla Group, an outer circle symbolising the external universe, and a dynamic meeting of rays converging and diverging between the two. Through its wide usage, we create a consistent, impact-oriented Group image. This undoubtedly enhances our profile among our internal and external stakeholders. Our corporate logo thus serves as an umbrella for our Group. It signals the common values and beliefs that guide our behaviour in all our
entrepreneurial activities. It embeds a sense of pride, unity and belonging in all of our 130,000 colleagues spanning 25 countries and 30 nationalities across the globe. Our logo is our best calling card that opens the gateway to the world. Dr. Pragnya Ram as the Chief Custodian of the Aditya Birla logo.
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HISTORY The roots of the Aditya Birla Group date back to the 19th century in
the picturesque town of Pilani, set amidst the Rajasthan desert. It was here that Seth Shiv Narayan Birla started trading in cotton, laying the foundation for the House of Birlas. Through India's arduous times of the 1850s, the Birla business
expanded rapidly. In the early part of the 20th century, our Group's founding father, Ghanshyamdas Birla, set up industries in critical sectors such as textiles and fibre, aluminum, cement and chemicals. As a close confidante of Mahatma Gandhi, he played an active role in the Indian freedom struggle. He represented India at the first and second round-table conference in London, along with Gandhiji. It was at "Birla House" in Delhi that the luminaries of the Indian freedom struggle often met to plot the downfall of the British Raj. Ghanshyamdas Birla found no contradiction in pursuing business
goals with the dedication of a saint, emerging as one of the foremost industrialists of pre-independence India. The principles by which he lived were soaked up by his grandson, Aditya Vikram Birla, our Group's legendary leader A US $28 billion corporation, the Aditya Birla Group is in the league
of Fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of 100,000 employees, belonging to 25 different nationalities. In India, the Group has been adjudged "The Best Employer in India and among the top 20 in Asia" by the HewittEconomic Times and Wall Street Journal Study 2007. Over 50 per cent of its revenues flow from its overseas operations.
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The Group
operates
in
20
countries:
India,
Thailand,
Laos,
Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, China, Canada, Australia, USA, UK, Germany, Hungary, Brazil, Italy, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Malaysia and Korea. A US $29.2 billion corporation, the Aditya Birla Group is in the league of Fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of 130,000 employees, belonging to 30 different nationalities. In India, the Group has been adjudged "The Best Employer in India and among the top 20 in Asia" by the Hewitt-Economic Times and Wall Street Journal Study 2007. Over 50 per cent of its revenues flow from its overseas operations. The Group operates in 25 countries India, UK, Germany, Hungary, Brazil, Italy, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Australia, USA, Canada, Egypt, China, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, Dubai, Singapore, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia and Korea.
GLOBALLY THE ADITYA BIRLA GROUP IS : A metals powerhouse, among the world's most cost-efficient aluminium and copper producers. Hindalco-Novelis is the largest aluminium rolling company. It is one of the three biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia, with the largest single location copper smelter No.1 in viscose staple fibre The fourth largest producer of insulators
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The fourth largest producer of carbon black The 11th largest cement producer globally, the seventh largest in Asia and the second largest in India
Among the world's top 15 BPO companies and among India's top four Among the best energy efficient fertilizer plants
IN INDIA : A premier branded garments player The second largest player in viscose filament yarn The second largest in the chlor-alkali sector Among the top five mobile telephony companies A leading player in life insurance and asset management Among the top three supermarket chains in the retail business
Rock solid in fundamentals, the Aditya Birla Group nurtures a culture where success does not come in the way of the need to keep learning afresh, to keep experimenting.
BEYOND BUSINESS The Aditya Birla Group is: Working in 3,700 villages Reaching out to seven million people annually through the Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development, spearheaded by Mrs. Rajashree Birla Focusing on: health care, education, sustainable livelihood, infrastructure and espousing social causes Running 41 schools and 18 hospitals
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ADITYA BIRLA GROUP Company GRASIM :: UltraTech Cement Ltd* Products / services Viscose staple fibre, rayon grade pulp, cement, chemicals, sponge iron, textiles Ordinary portland cement, portland blast furnace slag cement, portland pozzolana cement and grey portland cement Aluminum, copper Aluminum foil Caustic soda Garments, viscose filament yarn, carbon black, textiles, insulators Cellular telecommunications Life insurance Mutual funds Mutual fund distribution Application development, maintenance and enhancement solutions Customer relations management (CRM), integrated marketing services, knowledge process outsourcing Non-life insurance advisory and broking services Apparel retail Apparel retail Apparel exports Multi-format stores
:: ::
HINDALCO Indian Aluminum Company Ltd* Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd* ADITYA BIRLA NUVO
:: :: ::
Idea Cellular Ltd.** Birla Sun Life Insurance Co.Ltd** Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd.** :: Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Ltd.** :: PSI Data Systems* :: Aditya Birla Minacs Worldwide Limited*
::
Birla Insurance Advisory & Broking Services Ltd :: Madura Garments Life Style Retail Co. Ltd* :: Peter England Fashions and Retail Ltd * :: Madura Garments Exports Limited* Aditya Birla Retail Limited
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BIRLA FAMILY
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BRIEF HISTORY OF !DEA CELLULAR
TELECOMMUNICATION
OUR VALUES
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INTEGRITY - HONESTY IN EVERY ACTION At Aditya Birla Group, Integrity is defined as: Acting and taking decisions in a manner that is fair, honest, following the highest standards of professionalism and also perceived to be so. Integrity for us means not only financial and intellectual integrity, but in all other forms as are commonly understood. Key words that connote Integrity are: Ethical Truthful Principled Transparent Upright
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Respectful
COMMITMENT - DELIVER ON THE PROMISE At Aditya Birla Group Commitment is defined as: On the foundation of integrity, doing whatever it takes to deliver value to all stakeholders. In the process, taking ownership of our actions and decisions, those of our team and that part of the organization that we are responsible for. Key words that connote commitment are: Accountability Discipline Responsibility Result orientation Self-confidence Reliability
PASSION - ENERGIZED ACTION At Aditya Birla Group Passion is defined as: A missionary zeal arising out of emotional engagement with the organization that makes work joyful and inspires each one to give his or her best. Relentless pursuit of goals and objectives with the highest level of energy and enthusiasm, that is voluntary and spontaneous. Key words that connote passion are: Intensity Innovation Transformational Fire-in-the-belly
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Inspirational Deep sense of purpose
SEAMLESSNESS - BOUNDRYLESS IN LETTER AND SPIRIT At Aditya Birla Group, Seamlessness is defined as: Thinking and working together across functional silos, hierarchies, business and geographies. Leveraging the available diversity to garner synergy benefits and promote openness through sharing and collaborative efforts. Key words that connote Seamlessness are: Teamwork Integration Involvement Openness Global Learning from the best
SPEED - ONE STEP AHEAD ALWAYS At Aditya Birla Group, Speed is defined as: Responding to internal and external customers with a sense of urgency. Continuously seeking to crash timelines and choosing the right rhythm to optimize organization efficiencies. Key words that connote Speed are: Response time Agile Accelerated Timelines Nimble
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Prompt Proactive Decisive OUR PARTNER
ONMOBILE ASIA PACIFIC LTD CELLEBRUM INDIA LTD SIDDHIVINAYAK ASTRO SERVICES LTD. KODIAK LTD MAUJ
NET4NUTS INDIA LTD YAHOO REDIFF MOBILE2WIN SIFY NDTV
ROAMING ROAMWARE.INC STARHOME
BHARTI TELESOFT
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MARKETING COMMUNICATION LOWE INDIA PVT LTD LINTAS MEDIA GROUP
NETWORK NOKIA SIEMENS ERICSSON
BILLING ATOS ORIGIN
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KEY PEOPLE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla (Chairman) Smt. Rajashree Birla Mr. Saurabh Misra Mr. Sanjeev Aga (Managing Director) Mr. Arun Thiagarajan Ms. Tarjani Vakil Mr. Mohan Gyani Mr. Gian Prakash Gupta Mr. R.C. Bhargava Mr. P. Murari Mr. Biswajit A. Subramanian Dr. Hansa Wijayasuriya
MANAGEMENT TEAM OF !DEA CELLULAR CORPORATE LEADERSHIP TEAM Mr. Sanjeev Aga, Managing Director Mr. Akshaya Moondra, Chief Financial Officer Mr. Anil K. Tandan, Chief Technology Officer Mr. Prakash K. Paranjape, Chief Information Officer Mr. Pradeep Shrivastava, Chief Marketing Officer Mr. Navanit Narayan, Chief Service Delivery Officer Mr. Vinay K. Razdan, Chief Human Resource Officer Mr. Rajat K. Mukarji, Chief Corporate Affairs Officer Mr. Rajesh K. Srivastava, Chief Materials & Procurement Officer Mr. Ambrish Jain, Director Operations Mr. Himanshu Kapania, Director Operations
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CIRCLE HEADS Mr. Iyer Subbaraman S., Chief Operating Officer, Andhra Pradesh Mr. Rajendra Chourasia, Chief Operating Officer, Madhya Pradesh & Mr. Atul Chaturvedi, Chief Operating Officer, Delhi & Haryana Mr. T. G. B. Ramakrishna, Chief Operating Officer, Kerala Mr. Sashi Shankar, Chief Operating Officer, Mumbai Mr. P.Lakshminarayana, Chief Operating Officer, Maharashtra & Goa Mr. Virad Kaul, Chief Operating Officer, Uttar Pradesh (West) Mr. Naozer Firoze Aibara, Chief Operating Officer, Uttar Pradesh Mr. Sunil Kataria, Senior Vice President - Operations, Rajasthan Mr. Arul Bright, Senior Vice President - Operations, Gujarat Mr. M. D. Prasad, Senior Vice President - Operations, Bihar Mr. Vijay Grover, Chief Operating Officer, East Mr. M. Srinivas, Senior Vice President - Operations, Tamil Nadu & Mr. Rakesh Kumar Singh -Chief Operating Officer , Karnataka Mr. Anish Roy, Chief Operating Officer, Punjab, J&K and Himachal Mr. N.N. Dutta, Vice President, Orissa
Chattisgarh
(East)
Chennai
Pradesh
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HIERARCHY STRUCTURE OF UP EAST

CEO (UPE) GM (SALES) VERTICAL HEAD (SALES)
PREPAID
POSTPAID
PCO
KANPUR ( 4) ZBM KANPUR VISHWA BANDHU TIWARI (AM)
RISHARB MISHRA (SE)
KANPUR FARUKHBAD KANNUJ UNNAO KANPUR ( 4) DEHAT FATEHPUR
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PROMOTER GROUP Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla is the Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group and all of the Aditya Birla Group's blue chip companies in India and serves as a Director on the board of the Aditya Birla group's international companies spanning Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Egypt. Major Indian companies and Joint Ventures of the Aditya Birla Group are as under:
INDIAN COMPANIES

Grasim Industries Limited Hindalco Industries Limited Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited UltraTech Cement Limited PSI Data Systems Limited Aditya Birla Minacs World wise Limited Idea Cellular Limited Aditya Birla Insulators Aditya Birla Retail Limited Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Limited
JOINT VENTURES

Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Limited Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Limited Tanfac Industries Limited
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SWOT ANALYSIS
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SWOT ANALYSIS OF IDEA CELLULAR LTD.
COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS IDEA is well positioned to exploit the significant growth opportunities in Indias rapidly expanding in telecommunications they have market. lo Since commencement mobile services of to
operations
1997,
grown
provide
approximately 12.44 million subscribers as at December 31, 2006. Their ability to leverage their size and experience is demonstrated not only by the integration and rebranding of the Uttar Pradesh (West), Haryana and Kerala Circles they acquired in 2004, but also by the roll-out of their network and commercial launch in the Delhi Circle in November 2002, where they have acquired a mobile market share of 11.5% as at December 31, 2006 They are concentrating on offering mobile services. This will be an advantage Us them because, as shown by recent trends the mobile services market has
experienced, and will continue to experience, higher growth rates than many other segments of the telecommunications industry. Key competitive strengths arc set our below: o Attractive existing footprint. o Strong distribution channels o High quality network structure o A national brand o Part of the Aditya Birla Group o Attractive existing footprint
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Operations in 11 Circles covering a large part of the Indian market. As at December 31, 2007, the Established Circles and the New Circles covered 57.7% of Indias total population and about 57.9% of Indias current subscriber base. They have approximately 14.7% share of these subscribers as at December 31, 2006 although services in the three New Circles were only recently commercially launched. The Established Circles and the New Circles are largely contiguous and between them cover most of northern, western and central India and a large part of southern India and include the category A Circles of Andhra Pradesh. Gujarat and Maharashtra and the metropolitan Circle of Delhi, which are economically well-developed, each with average per capita state domestic products higher than the national average. These four Circles alone account for 30.4% of all mobile subscribers in India as at December 31, 2006. Original licensee in sewn of the Established Circles providing incumbency advantage Idea is the original licensee in seven of the Established Circles, namely the category A Circles of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra and the category B Circles of Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh (West), Although initially they paid higher fixed license fees, bin being an original licensee has enabled them to: Reduce their capital expenditure and operating costs as they were allocated Spectrum in the 900 MHz frequency hand, which has allowed them
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to provide networks with a lower density of cell sites than is required for services in the 1800 MHz frequency band typically made available to subsequent market entrants; Access the early subscribers, who tend to be more affluent and typically have higher ARPU; Cater to a critical mass of subscribers, thereby making it harder for new operators to enter the market and gain market share; and Benefit from the 2% reduction in our license fees for a period of four years with effect from April 1,2004, leader in three of, and established positions in the remainder of, the Established Circles. Idea is the market leader in the Haryana, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh (West) Circles by number of subscribers. As at December 31, 2006 they had over 0.75 million subscribers and a market share of 20.3% in the Haryana Circle, over 2.5 million Subscribers and a market share of over 23.0% in the Maharashtra Circle and they had nearly 1.5 million subscribers and ;i market share of approximately 21 2% in the Uttar Pradesh West) Circle. In the remaining five of the (Established Circles, they have market shares ranging from approximately 11.5% in Delhi to 21.4% in Madhya Pradesh Their loading market position has helped them to develop strung brand recognition mid a high profile among Existing and potential subscribers. This position also has allowed them to establish a strategy of developing in a larger, more active pre-paid card distribution network than their competitors these Circles
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They arc further capitalizing on their market position in their 13 Circles to increase the number of the their subscribers. Strong distribution channels. Idea has developed their distribution network to maximize the breadth and depth of their distribution channels and the consequent ease of access to their pre-paid, post-paid and corporate subscribers. As at December 31, 2006, approximately 88.0% of their subscribers were pre-paid. These subscribers pay for mobile services by means of purchasing prepaid cards, which are sold through approximately 154,070 retail outlets. These retail outlets are serviced through approximately 1,355 exclusive distributors, many of whom have long-term relationships with them. The breadth of their distribution network has grown by over 30% in the past year In addition they operate approximately 540 Idea n U and other showrooms which supplement their distribution channels and provide customer service o High Quality network structure Their GSM network is supplied by leading equipment suppliers such as Ericsson, Nokia ; and Siemens who are at the forefront of GSM technology in each of the Established Circles and the New Circles, they have maintained a high degree of integrity on the network architecture whereby elements of GSM equipment are largely supplied by a single vender. For example Ericsson is their principal supplier for the Gujrat, Himanchal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajsthan Circles, Nokia is their principal supplier for their Andhra Pradesh, Delhi and Haryana Circles and Siemens is thenprincipal supplier for the Kerala, Uttar Pradesh (East) and Uttar Pradesh
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(West) Circles. This architecture facilitates easy scalability and efficiency in operations into the future. Ideas has deployed the highly developed Intelligent Network system from Eriesson and Nokia for their prepaid system and have integrated these with their Online Service Control system for online charging of roaming SMS, WAP. MMS and GPRS for prepaid subscribers. They have implemented GPRS across all the Established Circles and the New Circles with Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) which provides their subscribers with data transfer Speeds superior to GPRS, activated in major towns across the Established Circles & and the New Circles. o A National Brand Idea has sought to develop the Idea brand nationally to represent high quality customer service and a wide variety of innovative products. . They have emerged as a national player, and have begun associating themselves with visible and prestigious events such as the International Indian Film Academy Awards, the Zee Fashion Awards and the Idea News Headlines lo give their brand national visibility. o Part of The Aditya Birla Group Idea is pan of the Aditya Birla Group, which is amongst the largest business groups in India in terms of market capitalization. The Aditya Birla Group is well respected in India and they benefit from the confidence that consumers, lenders, vendors from whom they seek, vendor financing and other financial institutions place in members of the Aditya Birla Group. Their relationship with the Aditya Birla Group provides scope for exploiting synergies to create
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value for their business. For example, they have entered into a strategic alliance with Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited, a private insurance company, in relation Lo the cross selling of products. Company, in relation to the cross selling of products. Idea is a professionally managed company that requires the commitment and expertise of their employees; to successfully execute their growth strategies. Their relationship with the Aditya Birla Group execute their growth strategies enhances their ability to attract talented employees from premier institutions and elsewhere. WEAKNESSES (Internal Risks - Factors relating to the Company) Revenues of Idea are derived solely from providing PCO service
dependent . Established Circles for a significant proportion of their revenues. Idea faces intense competition from other operators. Idea Faces competition from Government-owned companies such as
BSNL and MTNL. Idea pco also faces competition from private companies such as
RELIANCE, ARTEL, &TATA INDICOM. Idea may face additional competition from alternative or new
technologies. Idea is dependent on their interconnection and leased line arrangements for all their services.
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Ideas ability in provide a quality mobile network is dependent on the Spectrum allocated to them, Idea is dependent on a limited number of venders to supply critical network and artier equipment and services. Ideas costs are increasingly impacted by global commodity find
equipment prices. External risks Factors relating to the Indian Telecommunications Industry Idea is subject to extensive Government regulation of the
telecommunications industry in India. Idea may be adversely affected by changes in technology. The Indian economy has had sustained periods of high interest rates and/or inflation. Technical failures, natural disasters or terrorism could damage their telecommunications networks. Idea is subject to restrictions on foreign investment in India
OPPORTUNITIES The Indian telecommunications market is currently among the fastest growing telecommunication market in the world. New Delhi, April 10 The total subscriber base landline and wireless services surged 9.74 per cent sequentially during the quarter ended December 2007 to reach 272.87 million, according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.
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This number, according to the regulators quarterly indicators of Indian telecom services, was against 248.65 million recorded for the preceding quarter ended September 2007. The subscriber base for mobile services increased to 233.62 million in the last quarter from 209.07 million in the preceding quarter, at the cost of landline services which witnessed a decline from 39.58 million (for the September quarter) to 39.25 million (in the December quarter of 2007). The wireless or mobile market grew 11.74 per cent adding 24.54 million subscribers during the quarter. Rural landline subscriber base decreased two per cent to 11.75 million during the period, while wireless subscriber base in rural areas increased 19.42 per cent to 52.52 million during the same period. Last year we saw highest ever net adds in the Indian mobility market. In terms of monthly net additions, India, in fact overtook. China in the month of August 2006 and for the Indian fiscal year April to March 2006-2007, Indian net addition was 66 million 53 million in China. The Indian telecom total market, including fixed line and mobility, has over 200 million. Subscribers today and it is among the top live telecom economics of the world and in spite of that our teledenisty is just about 18%, which only points to the larger opportunity before us. The global System for Mobile Communications space in Idea operaters saw its subscriber base grow 80 percent to 105.4 million from 58.5 million.
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The countrys cellular subscriber base should touch 170 million by March 2007 and driven by falling handset prices, affordable tariffs, should hit 240 million by March 20UK, a growth of 40 per cent. The opportunity lies in the low penetration, which grew at ah 81 per cent over the last one year but which is just 12.2 per cent of the addressable space. In the next couple ol years, the penetration is expected to go up to around 27 per cent. THREATS Idea has many rivals around in the market namely Airtel, Tata indicom & Reliance due to there performance in the market Idea has to face very tough competition in PCO business.
Neck to neck competition with Reliance & TATA Indicom
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PART-II
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PREPAID !DEA PCO PLANS UTTAR PRADESH (E) IDEA post-paid cards are an effective way of keeping in touch, no matter where you are. The activation procedure is simple. All you have to do is. Fill up the activation form (CSA) Submit 2 passport size photographs. o Submit address proof * (Copy of the latest Electricity Bill/Telephone Bill/Credit Card Statement). o Submit photo identity proof (Renewed passport / drivers license/Voters ID Card / Govt. Dept. ID Card / Public Ltd. Co. ID Card/PAN Card/Bank Passbook with Photo). Submit PAN No./Form 60. In case of Lease Agreement / Ration Card / Passport / Gas Connection Card / Insurance papers on subscribers name, activation will take place in 24 hours after submitting complete documents Activation Charges These are one time, mandatory charges Activation Charge :- No charges Security Deposit :- No charge Other Charges No charge STD Deposit:- No charge ISD Deposit:No charge
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SMS CHARGES SMS charges are applicable as per Prepaid plan. Each short message is up to 160 characters in length & the text can comprise of words, numbers or an alphanumeric combination. MARKET RESEARCH We use market research extensively to inform our customer service objectives through the identification of customer segments and assessment of the status of our brand m target markets. For example, since August 2003 we have commissioned a CSAT Index, which is a bimonthly study, conducted by TNS, a marketing consultant engaged by us for the purpose of conducting a customer satisfaction study using face-to-face interviews with a random sample of mobile users across 69 cities and towns within the Established Circles and the New Circles. The scores not only capture the views of the customer but also are an integral part of each employees performance measure. According to our August 2006 CSAT Index, we are perceived as credible and trustworthy and recommended as a company that cares for its subscribers. The survey also highlighted that our city coverage within the Established Circles is superior to that of our competition. The CSAT Index showed that we are perceived as innovative, providing value for money for our subscribers and able to provide our subscribers with tariff plans that match their usage patterns. The CSAT Index has identified that we need to improve coverage in basements and m cities where our subscribers roam.
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CUSTOMER CONTACT POINTS Our subscribers can use one of the following to contact us: call centers, showrooms, SMS, USSD based messaging and email messaging. We address customer issues through both in-house and outsourced call center facilities In order to meet growing needs of customers, apart from continuously expanding the capacities of these channels we also keep innovating on developing new channels of Contact, for example, we currently offer services via our web portal, through SMS messaging and by email and we will shortly rollout Self Service Kiosks lo provide extra facilities to customers visiting showrooms. We currently have approximately 540 showrooms across the Established Circles and the New Circles. To proactively address customer issues and to educate customers on new products that we launch from time to time, we also have in place outsourcing arrangements with reputable vendors who provide additional call handling services such as making initial contact with prepaid and post-paid subscribers and a follow-up call after a specified period to cross-sell and promote VAS (telecalling). We have recently established a call center in Delhi to service our northern Circles including the Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh (West) Circles.
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CUSTOMER RELATIONS AND OUR LOYALTY PROGRAM Our customer relations department oversees our relationships with our subscribers and seeks to manage Churn. This department is split into teams focusing on our post-paid, pry-paid and corporate subscribers, respectively. To assist in managing customer retention, and in particular chum for pre-paid subscribers with whom we have less interaction* we use a variety of techniques to predict, pre-empt and contain Churn. We have also sought 10 increase subscriber Loyally with the introduction of one of the first pre-paid loyalty programs in the Indian telecom market, Lifetime Idea. Our post-paid loyalty program, Idea Select, is the first of its type in India. This program offers rewards in me form of events or gifts and has two levels, gold and silver, based on factors such as gross monthly billing, length of time with our network and payment performance. The majority of loyalty program members are high net worth retail.
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF IDEA PCO Idea a concept a thought, a nation. With the potential to bring about a powerful change idea is about simple thoughts that have the power to enhance your life. Idea is about service unheard of, thing not dreamt of. It our sweeping coverage or our distinct voice clarity. Customized tariff plans or value added idea power services. Make way for an idea. It will change your life. Welcome to idea- the prepaid card that sets you free. Free to be instantly cellular. Free to be instantly cellular. Free to connect anywhere in the world.
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Your idea number Your idea prepaid number is the 10-digit Idea PCO benefits: Idea connection not only makes you connected to the world but also offers a whole lot of benefits. To name a few: Total cost control No monthly rental No security deposit No STD/ISD deposit Free caller line identification Calling facility till the last rupee Balance on screen after Instant balance & validity Short message service (SMS) Call conferencing Call divert, conferencing number on the pack
VALIDITY OF IDEA The calling value of your idea prepaid card keeps Depleting as you make calls. the calling value on your card has to be utilized by you within a specific period of time called the validity period, which is printed on your recharge coupon. Idea will be valid for outgoing calls long as you want, provided you recharge before the stipulated date or us soon as you have used up the prepaid account value whichever is first. In case you could not recharge before the stipulated
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date, you still have a grace period during which you can recharge your account. The grace period is fixed at 30 days for all recharge coupons.
BALANCE CARRY FORWARD If you recharge your idea within first 15 days of grace period, you can carry forward entire unused talk value and same will be added back to your new balance, else your balance will be forfeited after 15 days of grace period.
BALANCE & VALIDITY ENQUIRY Your reaming balance is displayed after each call/SES. To know your balance and validity, just dial *123# and press ok. The balance & validity will be displayed on your mobile screen. Alternately, you can call 123 (toll free) and know your balance and validity.
How to make call To a local landline phone Dial the STD code of the place you want to call followed by the phone number. For example, to make a call too 1234567 in Lucknow city, dial
05221234567.similarly to call a landline in Kanpur dial 0512 followed by the number you want to call. To another cell phone in Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal Dial the 10-digit number of the person you are calling.
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Example if you want to call 9889012345,just dial 9889012345.however, while roaming first dial a `0` followed by the 10-digit cellular number. You can call all mobile phones in UP (West) & Uttaranchal without prefixing a zero.
Make an STD call To landline Dial the STD code of the place you want to call followed by the landline number. For example, to make a call to 12345 in Delhi, dial 0111234567. Similarly, to call a landline in Mumbai dial 022 followed by the landline number you want to call. To mobile Dial 0, followed by the 10-digitmobile number. e.g.: 9822012345, just dial 09822012345. if you want to call
Make an ISD call To make international calls, dial the ISD code followed by the number you want to call, the way you would from a landline. For example, to call 1234567 in UK dial `00` (The international access code) then 44 (country code for UK) then 1234567(The number you want to call).
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Value added features Calling line identification (CLI) CLI stands for Calling line identification and this facility allows you to see who is calling you before you answer the phone. This service is offered free of cost and comes pre activated with your idea prepaid card. Call wait/call hold Idea call hold/call wait lets you manage your time more effectively by handling two callers at same time, so you dont miss important calls. Call divert Idea call divert enables you to divert incoming calls to another phone. Outgoing calls charges are levied when you divert your incoming calls, as per applicable tariffs. Call conference Idea call conference enables you to speak to group of people simultaneously. The person initiating the conversation will be billed for calls at applicable tariffs. This service is handset dependent. Pre-activated STD/ISD Your idea prepaid comes with pre-activated STD/ISD, so you do not have to bother to pay the STD/ISD deposits. Short message service (SMS) Your idea prepaid comes with pre-activated (SMS).this feature allows you to send/receive messages to/from other mobile users across the world.
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DISTRIBUTORS OF IDEA PCO IN KANPUR ZONE Place KANPUR CITY KANPUR DEHAT FARUKHABAD KANNUJ FATEHPUR UNNAO Total Distributors No. 8 1 1 2 2 1 15
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AVILIABLE PRODUCT OF 1. Idea FIXED WIREIESS PHONE (FWP) 2. Idea GSM COIN PAY PHONE (CPP) Idea FIXED WIREIESS PHONE MRP FREE TALK VALU
IDEA PCO
Rs. 1700 Rs. 600 950
IDEA TO IDEA (FREE MIN) U.P&UTRAKHAND IDEA TO OTHER U.P&UTRAKHAND VALIDITY MOBILE (FREE MIN) 950 12 MONTH
PHONE FEATURES: DISPIAY SCREEN RINGTONE SMS&CALER ID CONFRESSING LONG BATTERY BACKUP &STANDBY TAIKTIME
AC\DC POWER SUPPLY SPEAKER PHONE WITH SPEED DIALING MEMORY BILLING ON CALL FACILITY OF INTERNET EXTRA BATTERY ATTACHMENT FOR BUSINESS
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PRINNTER&BOTH DISPLAY ATTACHMENT BEST SERVICE&REPAIRING FACILITY AVILIABLE OF RECHERGE VOUCHER R VALUE RCV 500 RCV730 RCV 1207 RCV 2413 TALK VALUE 445 649.7 1074.23 2147 VALIDITY 30 30 30 45
Idea GSM COIN PAY PHONE (CPP) MRP FREE TALK VALU IDEA TO IDEA (FREE MIN) U.P&UTRAKHAND 1000 IDEA TO OTHER U.P&UTRAKHAND VALIDITY PHONE FEATURES: DISPIAY SCREEN CALER ID LONG BATTERY BACKUP &STANDBY TAIKTIME MOBILE (FREE MIN) 600 12 MONTH RS.2000 RS.600
AC\DC POWER SUPPLY WITH SPEED DIALING MEMORY EXTRA BATTERY ATTACHMENT BEST SERVICE & REPAIRING FACILITY AVILIABLE OF RECHERE VOUCHER R VALU TALK VALU VALIDITY
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RCV 500 RCV730 RCV 1207 RCV 2413
445 649.7 1074.23 2147
30 30 30 45
COMPETITORS DISTRIBUTORS OF PCO IN KANPUR ZONE DISTRIBUTORS OF AIRTEL IN KANPUR ZONE Area KANPUR CITY KANPUR DEHAT FARUKHABAD KANNUJ FATEHPUR UNNAO Total No. of Distributor 7 2 1 1 2 2 15
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DISTRIBUTORS OF RELIANCE IN KANPUR ZONE Area KANPUR CITY KANPUR DEHAT FARUKHABAD KANNUJ FATEHPUR UNNAO Total No. of Distributor 6 1 2 2 2 2 15
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DISTRIBUTORS OF TATA INDICOM IN KANPUR ZONE Area KANPUR CITY KANPUR DEHAT FARUKHABAD KANNUJ FATEHPUR UNNAO TOTAL No. of Distributor 6 1 2 2 2 2 15
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Plans of other cellular operator in PCO field PCO PLANS OF AIRTEL Product MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 500 :- Terminal & Battery :- Nil :- Nil :- Nil
Next product
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 1150 :- Terminal & battery :- Nil :- Rs 650 :- Rs 500
Next product
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 2000 :- Total PCO open :- Two year :- Rs 170(A to A) every month till validity :- Rs 500
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Next product
MRP of product Type Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 2000 :- FWP :- One year :- Rs 1000(A to A) for three month Rs 500 for other :- Rs 500
AVAILABLE RECHARGE VOUCHERS OF AIRTEL PCO RCV 355 450 650 900 3000 505 VALUE Rs 300 Rs 400 Rs 578.79 Rs 876 Rs 3168 725# VALIDITY 1 Month 1 Month 1.5 Month 1.5 Month 1.5 Month 1 year CALL RATE L=.65p & S=.75p L=.65p & S=Rs1.70* L=.65p & S=.70p . L=.65p & S=.65p .
Note :L:- Local call S:- STD call ( STD pulse\20 sec) * STD 1 pulse\min
# value call per min575 (A to A)& 150 (Airtel to Other)
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PCO Plans of TATA INDICOM
PRODUCT
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 500 :- Terminal & battery :- 1 Month :- Rs 350 & get 100 rupees for four Month :- Nil
Next product
TYPE MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Coin Box :- Rs 2500 :- PCO open with coin box :- 1 Month :- Rs1000 & get 100 rupees for till five Month :- Nil
Next product
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 550 :- Terminal & battery :- 1 Month :- Rs 45 :- Rs 500
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PCO Plans of Relience
Product
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value :- Rs 2999 :- PCO open with Coin box :- 1 year :- Rs 3250* :- Nil
*(Rim to RIM =Rs 2750 ,Rim to other=Rs 500) every call 1 rupees per min
Next Product
MRP of product Accessories Validity Call value Refund value Free Gift :- Rs4200 :- PCO open with Coin box :- 1 year :- Rs 3250* :- Nil :- Direct to Home(DTH)
*(Rim to RIM =Rs 2750 ,Rim to other=Rs 500) every call 1 rupees per min Available Recharge Vouchers of Reliance PCO :RCV 360 400 751 NOTE:* CALL PER MIN 2750 (RIM TO RIM) & 250 (RIM TO OTHER) VALUE Rs 510(value only for local call) Rs 500(value for local & STD) Rs 3000* VALIDITY 1 month 1 month 1 year CALL RATE 1Rs\min 1 Rs\min 1Rs\min
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
108
SELECTING AND ESTABLISHING RESEARCH DESIGN The step selecting and establishing research design consists of 3 main steps: o Select the research design, o Identify information types and sources and o Determine and design research instrument. SELECT THE RESEARCH DESIGN As stated earlier, every research project and every business is different. Still, there are enough commonalities among research projects to categorize them by research methods and procedures used to collect and analyze data. There are three types of research design o Exploratory research design o Descriptive research o Causal research EXPLORATORY RESEARCH Defined as collecting information in an unstructured and informal way, For example, a restaurant owner may regularly eat at competing restaurants in order to gather information about menu selections, prices and service quality. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Refers to & set of methods and procedures that describe marketing variables. Descriptive studies portray these variables b> answering who, what, why and how questions. These types of research studies may describe such things as
109
consumers4 attitudes, intentions. and behaviors, or the number of competitors and their strategies, CAUSAL RESEARCH DESIGN Is conducted by controlling various factors to determine which factor is causing the problem. It allows you to isolate causes and effects. By changing one factor, say price you can monitor
ILS
effects on a key con sequence such as
sales. Although causal research can give you a high level of understanding of the variable you are studying, the designs often require experiments that are complex and expensive. IDENTIFY INFORMATION TYPES AND SOURCES There are two types of information available to a market researcher: o Primary Data o Secondary Data Primary data is original information gathered for a specific purpose. Secondary data refers to information that already exists somewhere and has been collected for some other purpose. Both types of research have a number of activities and methods of conducting associated them. Secondary research is usually faster and less expensive in obtain than primary research. Gathering secondary research may be as simple as making a trip to a local library or business information earner or browsing the Internet. There are already a lot of statistics about different businesses that can be used for this research.
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Information source Secondary data help identity the problem; better define problem; develop an approach to problem; formulate an appropriate research design, answer certain research questions and test some research hypotheses; Interpret primary data more insightfully. Determining and design research instrument After determining which type(s) of in format urn are needed, the methods of accessing data must be determined. There are several different methods of collecting data These methods include. Telephone surveys Mail surveys Group surveys. The actual design of the research instrument, the data collection form that is used to ask and record the information is critical to the success of the project. There are two basic methods to collect information: o By asking questions nr by observing o The most common research instrument is the Questionnaire. There are two type of Questionnaire o Structured o Unstructured. Structured Questionnaires
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List close-end questions. These include multiple choice questions which offer respondents the ability 10 answer yes or no or choose from a list of several answer choices. Close-End Questions Include scales refer to questions that ask respondents to rank their answers at a particular point on a scale. Unstructured questionnaires have open-ended questions. Respondent can answer in their own words. COLLECTING AND ANALYZING DATA
Data collection is usually done by students. They are employed by field data collection companies to collect primary data. A choice has to he made between collecting the data yourself or hiring an external office who are specialized in interviews. Data analysis is needed to give the raw data any meaning. The first step in analyzing the data is cleaning the data. This is the process of checking the raw data to verify that the data has been correctly entered into the files from the data collection form. After that the data have to he coded. This is the process of assigning all response categories a numerical value. Foe example males= 1, females = 2. After that the data can he tabulated, which refers to the actual counting of the number of observations that fall in to each possible response category.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE
SUB OBJECTIVES:o To know customers opinion about Brand Image of Idea. o To study the behaviors of customers. o To make a new connection in the field of prepaid PCO of Idea. o To know the satisfaction level of PCO customers of Idea after sales.
PROBLEM DEFINITION In my project it is expected to find out the satisfaction level of customer, their opinion regarding brand & their feedback. All this will help make the idea PCO connection, the opportunities and threats in front of Idea.
RESEARCH MARKETING Choice of research design: The research design is a concept structure with which the research is conducted; it constitutes the Blue Print for collecting, measuring and analyzing data. Marketing research is designed either as exploratory or conclusive depending upon the objective. Exploratory research is used when so little is known about a given area that useful hypothesis cannot be Formulated. Their objective is to
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define relations between two or more factors in a way that will permit statement of specific hypothesis. These can be tested by conclusive research to select the best alternative. I have used exploratory design for my study. The season for using this design is that my maim emphasis during research was to discover the satisfaction level of retailers towards telecom operators. I wanted to use a design, which is flexible; therefore Exploratory research design was perfect. Four lines of attack may aid in finding the hypothesis of value: o Study of primary sources of information o Study of secondary sources of information o Survey of individuals o Analysis of selected cases I have used the method of survey of individuals RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED Questionnaire is used in this research because survey of individuals is required. When information is to be collected by asking questions with people who may have the desired data, a standardized form called a questionnaire is prepared. The questionnaire is a list of questions to be asked with the respondents. The questions are listed in an established sequence.
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Fieldwork Method used for data collection The method used for data collection in the fieldwork is the personal interview. Personal interviews are those in which an interviewer obtains information from respondents in directly. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS The source of information for my project was only primary and not secondary data. PRIMARY DATA The sources for the collection of primary data were the customer. I interviewed them in the customer shops. There is no use of secondary data in this research. LIMITATIONS Since the report is based on sampling, the sample may not be a true representative of the population. Due to shortage of time 1 have taken a sample of 250. I have also used a questionnaire to know customer feedback about Idea. There is a possibility that the customer may not give have given true information, due to shortage of time. This may effect the interpretation of the data collected if a larger sample size is taken then the results of the study will vary. The study has been restricted to the geographic domains of Kanpur zone, but if the study is done on national scale the results will vary due to varying spending and saving patterns in different geographical domains and the awareness level.
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED AND SAMPLE SIZE Sampling may be defined as the selection of some of an aggregate or the totality on the basis of which a judgment or reference about the aggregate or the totality is made. It is the process of obtaining the information about an population by examining only part of it. SAMPLE SIZE Due to shortage of time the size of sample chosen for the study is 250. I have covered various customers who is related to PCO business and who is related to non PCO business in Kanpur city which is part of Kanpur zone. If a larger sample size is taken then the results of the study will vary. The study has been restricted to the geographic domains of Kanpur, but if the study is done on national scale the results will vary due to varying spending and saving patterns in different geographical domains and the awareness level.
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TOTAL TARGET MARKET AREA: UNNAO PURWA MAURANWA UGU BANGARMAU PALIHAR SONIK BHALA CHOWK AJGAIN KALLU KHERA HILAULI KANTHA ASONA ACHALGANJ MANGARWARA BIGHAPUR
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FINDINGS & ANYALYSIS Q-1:- Duration in PCO business in Kanpur zone by customer? Less then 1 year Between 1-2 year Between 2-4 year More then 4 year 25% 50% 19% 4%
INTERPRETATION: Out of the total customer shops surveyed 50% customer are there in the telecom business since last 1-2 years. 25% retailers for less than 1year.4% for more than 4 years and 19/s for the last 2-4 years
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Q-2:- Subscriber base of PCO of different cellular operator in Kanpur zone? ._ TATA INDICOM 32.50 % RELIANCE 29.26 % AIRTEL 21.95 % IDEA 16.26 %
INTERPRETATION: TATA INDICOM have maximum Subscriber base of PCO and Reliance have second position and idea have last position because it is new player in Kanpur zone(6th June).
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Q-3:- Revenues in percentage by the different cellular operator in Kanpur zone?
TATA INDICOM 31%
RELIANCE 27%
AIRTEL 25%
IDEA 17%
INTERPRETATION: TATA INDICOM have maximum Revenues compare to other operator & Reliance have second position and at least idea have last position.
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Q-4:- ARPU by the different cellular operator in Kanpur zone ? (Figure in Rs.)
TATA INDICOM 325
RELIANCE 319
AIRTEL 388
IDEA 362.5
INTERPRETATION: Airtel have maximum Average Revenue per User (ARPU), and idea has Second position & Reliance have last position.
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Q-5:- You feel safe in transaction with different player in Kanpur zone ? TATA INDICOM 15% RELIANCE 22% AIRTEL 40% IDEA 23%
INTERPRETATION:
Maximum customer feel safe in transacting with Airtel .Idea occupies the second position followed by reliance. People do not feel much safe in their transactions with Tata Indicom.
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Q-6:- Customer opinion about many telecom player? TATA INDICOM 6% RELIANCE 49% AIRTEL 29% IDEA 17%
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
TATA INDICOM RELIANCE AIRTEL IDEA
TATA RELIANCE AIRTEL INDICOM
IDEA
INTERPRETATION:
Customers opinion about RELIANCE has maximum, AIRTEL have second position, Customers opinion about TATA INDICOM has minimum.
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Q-7:- Benefit percentage given by the cellular operator to retailers?
TATA INDICOM 21%
RELIANCE 18%
AIRTEL 18%
IDEA 25%
BSNL 18%
INTERPRETATION: IDEA give maximum profit to the retailers & TATA INDICOM have second position
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Q-8:- Customer satisfaction level for after sale service of different operator ?
TATA INDICOM 12%
RELIANCE 25%
AIRTEL 32%
IDEA 31%
INTERPRETATION: AIRTEL & IDEA has maximum Customer satisfaction level TATA INDICOM has minimum Customer satisfaction level
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CONCLUSION I have got mixed response from the customer. Through my findings what I can conclude is POSITIVE POINT Idea pco customers are happy with the provide the best service More than 50% retailers are satisfied with the overall behavior of the salesmen who visit their retail outlet. Idea is not as old as other telecom players in Kanpur(E) but still within a short span of time it has occupied a major share. Retailers are happy with the 4% commission given to them by Idea Being an Aditya Birla Group, pco customer feel safe in transacting with Idea Retailers are satisfied with the behavior of salesmen from Idea but they want them to visit daily NEGATIVE POINT Brand image of idea is not good in PCO field. Idea has not good network in Kanpur zone. Idea has not provided more benefit to direct PCO customer. As Compare to other operator
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RECOMMENDATIONS The suggestions that I would like to put forward for the company are Idea should increase the frequency of awareness of their product to the pco. Idea should increase the frequency of salesmen visiting the Retailers It should increase its promotional activity by putting more of banners and hoarding The major competitors of Idea are Reliance & Airtel, therefore strong strategies should he formulated to compete with them Idea should increase its network coverage It should increase its service quality Idea should provide more benefit to direct PCO customer. As Compare to other operator
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QUESTIONNAIRE Que no.1:- Shop name.... Que no 2:- Owners name.... Que no 3:- Contact no... Que no 4:- Address . .. Que no 5:- No of line (connection) of PCO .. Que no 6:- Which . PCO network are you using for (Local call, STD
& ISD call).... (If available idea PCO)
Que no 7:- Are u satisfied the idea service.... Yes (If no) Que no 8:- Why....... Que no 9:- How many PCO plans of idea you know. Que no10:- How much investment is done by you in idea PCO/month ..... Que no10:- Any comments... No
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WORDS OF THANKS
In the end, I thank to tell those who directly or indirectly helped me to conduct this survey to complete this project successfully. I thanks to all the readers who would study this project. I request readers to let us know the mistake if any.
Thanking you MANISH KUMAR SRIVASTAVA MBA, 2nd Year
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY Kotler Phillip; MARKETING MANAGEMENT Tull & Green MARKETING RESEARCH www.ideacellular.com www.wikipedia.com www.trai.com www.google.com www.coai.com www.moneycontrol.com/.../ideacellular/board-of-directors/IC8 www.naukrihub.com/india/telecom/top.../idea/employment/ www.grapatel.com www.adityabirla.com
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SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR.VISHWAS BANDHU (ASSIATANT MANAGER,SALES)

RAHUL SINGH BBA 3rd year 821209006

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

RAHUL SINGH BBA 3rd year

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

RAHUL SINGH BBA 3RD YEAR

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

77 87 106 116 124 125 126 127 128

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

27 December 2002 : Reliance Infocomm inaugurated

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

1999 : Started operations December 2003 : Launched commercially in Chennai

2005 : Expansion mode adopted

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

2000 : Launched in Punjab under the Connect brand name

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

NEW COMING TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDER COMPANY

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE

telecommunication operators (representing 12 countries) Validation of the GSM system

Dr.KNMIET \ MBA 2nd YEAR \ ROLL NO.-0907770029

IDEA PCO BUSINESS IN KANPUR ZONE