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Radio Link Time-Out Every time a SACCH message can not be decoded the radio link time-out counter is decreased by 1. If the message can be decoded the counter is incremented by 2. However, the value can not exceed the initial value. The initial value is set by the parameter RLINKT for radio link time-out in the mobile station and by RLINK UP for timeout in the BSC. If the mobile moves out of coverage and no measuremen t reports are received in the BSC, there will be a radio link time-out and the m essage Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, unspecified) is sent to the mob ile station and the SACCH is deactivated in the BTS. A Clear Request message is sent to the MSC. To be sure that the mobile has stopped transmitting, the BSC no w waits RLINKT SACCH periods before the timeslot is released and a new call can be established on the channel. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips 2. Layer 2 Time-Out If the BTS never get an acknowledge on a Layer 2 message after the time T200XN20 0, the BTS will send Error Indication (cause: T200 expired) to the BSC, which wi ll send Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, timer expired) to the mobile s tation and a Clear Request to the MSC. The SACCH is deactivated and the BSC wait s RLINKT SACCH periods before the timeslot is released and a new call can use th e channel. This is only valid if the call is in steady state, i.e. not during ha ndover or assignment. 3. Release Indication When the BTS received a layer 2 DISC frame from the mobile it replies with a Lay er 2 UA frame to the mobile station and a Release Indication to the BSC. The sys tem does only react on Release Indication if it is received during a normal disc onnection situation. If such a message is received unexpectedly this will usuall y cause radio link time-out or timer T200 expiration as the mobile station stops the transmitting of measurement reports. It is also possible that the release w ill be normal depending on when the Release Indication is received. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips 4. MSC Time-Out Normal Release: If the MSC never received a response on a message (e.g. Identity Request) and th ere is no radio link time-out or layer 2 time-out, the MSC will send a Clear Com mand to the BSC. The time-out is depending on the message. When receiving Clear Command, the BSC will send a Channel Release (cause: normal release) and then de activates the SACCH. Reject (only SDCCH): If the MSC never receives a response on the first message after Establish Indica tion, the MSC will send a reject message. If the connection was a Location Updat e it will be a Location Update Reject (cause: network failure) and if the connec tion was a mobile originating call (CM Service Request) a CM Service Reject (cau se: network failure) will be sent. The MSC will then send a Clear Command to the BSC and the call is cleared by Channel Release (cause: normal release). If you like this than Become our Friend on Facebook Click Here 5. Assignment to TCH Before sending an Assignment Command from the BSC at TCH assignment, the followi ng two criterion have to be fulfilled: a. There must be a TCH channel available, i.e. no congestion b. The locating algorithm must have received at least one valid measurement repo rt. If either of the criterion is not fulfilled, Assignment Command will not be sent and a Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, unspecified) will be sent to th e mobile station and a Clear Request to the MSC. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips TCH Drop reason (1) The classification of TCH Drop Reasons are arranged in the order of priority:

1.Excessive Timing Advance 2.Low Signal Strength 3.Bad Quality 4.Sudden Loss of Connection 5.Other Reasons Excessive Timing Advance The TCH Drop counters due to Excessive Timing Advance will pegged when the durin g the time of disconnection, the last Timing Advance value recorded was higher t han the TALIM Parameter. This drop reason is commonly apparent to isolated or is land sites with a wide coverage area. Action: Check if the cell parameter TALIM is < "63" Solution: Set TALIM to a value close to 63. Tilt antenna/reduce antenna height/output power, etc. for co-channel cells. TCH Drop Reasons (2) Low Signal Strength on Down or Uplink or Both Links The drops counters due to Low Signal Strength will be pegged when the Signal Str ength during the last Measurement Report before the call dropped is below the LO WSSDL and/or LOWSSUL Thresholds. LOWSSDL and LOWSSUL are BSC Exchange Property p arameters which is used only for statistics purposes and does not affect the beh avior of calls. If both UL and DL Signal Strength are below the thresholds, only Drop due to Low SS BL will pegged. Normally a call is dropped at the border of large rural cell with insufficient coverage. Bad tunnel coverage cause many drop ped calls as well as so called coverage holes. Bad indoor coverage will result i n dropped calls. Building shadowing could be another reason. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips Action: Check coverage plots. Check output power. Check power balance and link budget. Check if Omni site. Check antenna configuration & type. Check antenna installation. Perform drive tests & site survey. Check TRX/TS with high CONERRCNT. Solution: Add a repeater to increase coverage in for example a tunnel. Change to a better antenna (with higher gain) for the base station. Add a new base station if there are large coverage holes. Block/Deblock TRX TCH Drop Reasons (3) Poor Quality on Down or Uplink or Both Links The drops counters due to Bad Quality will be pegged when the Signal Strength du ring the last Measurement Report before the call dropped is above the BADQDL and /or BADQUL Thresholds. BADQDL and BADQUL (expressed in DTQU) are BSC Exchange Pr operty parameters which is used only for statistics purposes and does not affect the behavior of calls. If both UL and DL Quality are above the thresholds, only Drop due to BAD Quality BL will pegged. Problem on Bad Quality is usually associated with Co-channel Interference on BCC H or TCH. Faulty MAIO assignment can cause frequency collisions on co-sited cell s especially on 1x1 Reuse. External interference is also one possible cause of p roblem on quality. If you like this than Become our Friend on Facebook Click Here

Action: Check C/I and C/A plots. Check Frequency Plan (Co-BCCH or Co-BSIC Problem). Check MAIO, HOP, HSN parameters. Check FHOP if correctly configured (BB or SY). Check for External Interference. Perform drive tests. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips Solution: Change BCCH frequency. Change BSIC. Change MAIO, HOP, HSN. Change FHOP. Record RIR or on-site Frequency Scanning to identify source of interference. Use available radio features. TCH Drop Reasons (4) Sudden Loss of Connection Drops due to Sudden Loss are drops that have not been registered as low signal s trength, excessive timing advance, bad quality or hardware (other) reasons, and the locating procedure indicates missing measurement results from the MS. There are some common scenarios that could lead to Sudden Loss of connections su ch as very sudden and severe drops in signal strength, such as when subscribers enter into buildings, elevators, parking garages, etc., very sudden and severe o ccurrence of interference, MS runs out of battery during conversation, Handover Lost, BTS HW faults, Synchronization or A-bis link fault (transmission faults), and MS Faults. Action: Check BTS Error Logs, Alarms and Fault Codes. Check CONERRCNT per TRX and TS. Check Transmission Link (A-bis). Check for DIP Slips. Check LAPD Congestion. Correlate Handover Lost to Drops due to Sudden Loss Solution: Fix Hardware Faults and Alarms. Reset TRX with high CONERRCNT. Ensure that Synchronization and A-bis Link are stable. Change RBLT with high DIP Slips. Change CONFACT or increase Transmission Capacity Investigate HO Lost Problem TCH Drop Reasons (5) TCH Drops due to Other Reasons TCH drops due to Other Reasons are computed by subtracting the sum of drops due to Excessive TA, Low SS, Bad Quality and Sudden Loss from the Total TCH Drop Cou nts. Drops due to Other Reasons are generally associated with hardware problems, transmission link problems on A-bis, Ater or Ainterfaces, and sometimes Handove r Lost. Action: Check BTS Error Logs. Check Alarms and Fault Codes. Check CONERRCNT per TRX and TS. Check Transmission Link (A-bis).

Check for DIP Slips. Correlate Handover Lost to Drops due to Other Reasons Solution: Fix Hardware Faults and Alarms. Reset TRX with high CONERRCNT. Ensure that Synchronization and A-bis Link are stable. Change RBLT with high DIP Slips. Investigate HO Lost Problem Problem reason of drop in SDCCH Low Signal Strength on Down or Uplink The reason for poor coverage could be too few sites, wrong output power, shadowi ng, no indoor coverage or network equipment failure. Action: Check coverage plots.Check output power. Perform drive tests. Check BTS error log Solution: Add new sites. Increase output power. Repair faulty equipment. Poor Quality on Down or Uplink Action: Check C/I and C/A plots. Check frequency plan. Perform drive tests. Solution: Change frequency. Use available radio features. Too High Timing Advance Action: Check if the cell parameter TALIM is < style="font-weight: bold;">Soluti on: Set TALIM to a value close to 63. Tilt antenna/reduce antenna height/output power, etc. for cochannel cells. Mobile Error Some old mobiles may cause dropped calls if certain radio network features are u sed. Another reason is that the MS is damaged and not working properly. Action: Check MS fleet. Solution: Inform operator. Subscriber Behavior Poorly educated subscribers could use their handsets incorrectly by not raising antennas, choosing illadvised locations to attempt calls, etc. Action: Check customer complaints and their MS. Battery Flaw When a subscriber runs out of battery during a conversation, the call will be re gistered as dropped call due to low signal strength or others. Action: Check if MS power regulation is used. Check if DTX uplink is used. Congestion on TCH The SDCCH is dropped when congestion on TCH. Action: Check TCH congestion Solution: Increase capacity on TCH or using features like Assignment to another cell, Cell Load Sharing, HCS, Dynamic Half-Rate Allocation and FR-HR Mode Adapta tion etc