LOW COST SOLAR HEATER

1. LOW COST SOLAR HEATER 1.1 INTRODUCTION: The spread of heat can occur through three processes: conduction, convection and radiation. The thermal conduction occurs mainly in the media solids, is the energy that propagates. The thermal convection is the transport of thermal energy from one region to another via the transport of matter, as there is movement of matter, this phenomenon can only occur in fluids (liquids and gases). The heat radiation is the process of propagation of heat (energy) that requires no need for material support for that to happen, because that is effected by means of electromagnetic waves called wave heat or radiant heat. This is the foundation of the solar heater, as is the use of radiant energy in sunlight reaching the earth in forms of short waves and turns into heat and keeps the climate of our planet. The traditional solar water heater consists of two parts, a thermal reservoir and the collecting plates. In peth heater there is no thermal reservoir because the water is heated inside the pipes and bottles coated peth, ie the solar collector is where hot water is reserved for the bath, see photo below.

1.2 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT As mentioned above, solar energy reaches the earth in the form of short waves, as well, to get in touch with everything that exists on earth, some energy is reflected, part absorbed and part transmitted. The bodies by absorbing solar heat gain (energy) and begin to radiate it in the form of long waves. The formation of the greenhouse effect is the difference between the wavelengths is shorter than the solar energy that reaches the earth long wave radiation and radiant heat emitted by the terrestrial bodies, because the study of this fundamental difference was the invention of the solar heater, because the difference in behavior between short waves and long waves when passing through transparent materials like glass and plastic, because, shortwave has the ability to penetrate these materials and not the long waves. So we can see the greenhouse effect when we leave a car with the windows closed in the sun for several hours. How to explain the heating inside the vehicle? Is easy when we understand

that solar energy has come in the form of short waves, which went through the glass, and were absorbed by the heated interior of the vehicle and began to emit energy in form of long wave (heat) that can not pass through glass and is reissued to the objects inside the car again and absorbs more heat. This is the explanation for heating the water inside the pipes black coated bottles peth as shown in the photos below. The bottle peth plays the glass compared with the example of the car, ie, the solar radiation that comes in the form of short waves can pass through the plastic and is absorbed by the black pipe that warms and begins to emit long-wave heat they can not get out of the bottle, thereby generates a reissue process that heats the pipe to more, and how heat is transmitted from a body of higher temperature to lower temperature, the pipe transmits heat to water that is in its interior and so it heats up and we met our goal is to achieve a warm bath using solar energy. 1.3 MATERIALS AND COSTS Before we consider the materials, we think of the space needed for the operation of the solar heater peth. Everyone who has a slab occupied only by your water tank is possible to mount this heater in your home. The heater Low Cost Solar heating can be called Green because all the material used is taken advantage of other activity as the bottle peth, brass and pipe itself is made from recycled material. With 100 meters of pipes, peth 300 bottles and a tin of 200 liters managed to build a solar heater for swimming in the space of 15 minutes each hour on sunny days as well. MATERIAL COST QUANTITY BRASS UNIT 1 $ 15.00 CANO 100M $ 16.00 BOTTLES 300 UNITS $ 00.00 BLACK INK 1 CAN $ 4.50 TOTAL U.S. $ 35.50 Of course, this cost is only an indication, it will depend on the motivation of each person at the time of construction, because as seen above is not including labor. However, we believe that anyone can mount this heater following the instructions in this booklet. 1.4 MOUNTING THE HEATER SOLAR Peth First we must make the holes for the brass in and out of the water, so then must apply the paint with flat black paint, see photo below. Note in the first photo above is that the brass at the same level of the water tank, this eliminates the need to place a buoy and two holes with only one entry left in the first photo and another exit on the right, the tank is ready that will be used by the heater. Then it is drilling the bottom of the bottle with a pipe peth inch iron warm, drill or own the same extent of course. After this step, you pass the pipe through the interior of the bottles so that they fit as possible. From this point on simply making the water connections to the box of brass and the 100 meters of pipes running through the plastic bottles and connects it to the pipe that brings water to the shower. An important detail to be successful in our endeavor is to build a mixing of hot and cold on top of the slab itself, in order to prevent the resident has to put a hot water pipe to the shower, which is an expensive project, and very difficult its implementation. The photos, in the Annex, as well as they explain this mixture of hot water with the cold that gives an ideal temperature for swimming, however, the ideal is to install a pipe to a hot water

tap the person in order to regulate the temperature of your bath . Another photo in the Annex shows the output of water for the shower on top of the slab, was placed a note that T and that there are two links in a pipe coated with 100 meters peth bottle (which is the solar collector and tank hot water) and one of only 3 meters also linked to the bin where it comes from cold water to mix into the bath. Note that brass is placed on top of cement bricks, the height of this support should be at least one meter, because the heater is an alternative to the electric shower, because, on days without sunshine, we'll use this, and that for it work you need the pressure of 1 meter of water column. However, if the installation of the heater is peth in rural areas without electricity, this part can be dispensed with entirely. In the photo above to the left of the green bottles lining the brass barrel mixer with only 3m and the right is the actual solar collector with 100 meters of pipes lined with bottles which is also the warm water tank ready to be used for bathing. One might ask why use brass painted black? Replied that the brass also happens the greenhouse effect. The top brass should be capped with a glass or thick plastic appliance that comes packaged in this way the sunlight (solar radiation) that comes in the form of short wave goes through the plastic and is absorbed by the brass that emits long wave can not pass through the plastic, so there is a greenhouse effect that gives a pre-heating of the water reservoir. So the brass should be capped with thick white plastic, in order to get an initial heating of the water. An important note: the brass may be waived if installed in a home hot water pipes, because this way, the temperature is regulated in own bathroom while bathing. Do not forget that the purpose of the brass is to pre heat water for mixing up the slab, therefore, it loses its purpose if a pipe is installed for hot water. 1.5 ECONOMY POSSIBLE ELECTRICITY Solar energy is an alternative energy source that is available for those interested to take it. Of course, not all days are sunny, but as we are talking about the possibilities leave as reference month of January in our region, which is a typical month of summer. Assume also that this month were 25 days of good sunshine, now let's say a family of 4 and that each spend 10 minutes in the bath, so they are 40 minutes daily, and consider also that the power of your shower is 4400 w. Thus, the daily cost to the electric shower is 2933.33 w, almost 3kw. Considering the possibility of using the hot water bath for 25 days using the heater peth as an alternative source of energy, we get an economy of expression that would be about 75kW per household in idealized conditions above. 1.6 FINAL The main objective of this study was to disclose to the less favored population an alternative energy source with a direct application in improving life. We know that even in the urban area of our city there are houses that lack electricity installed. Therefore, we study a way to make the cost of deployment of solar water heater as small as possible and once the bottle goes to waste peth and interest the LIMPURB think about the possibility of encouraging and helping disadvantaged families have access to this source natural energy. As seen, developed the project so as not to be necessary to reform the existing plumbing. All that have the electric shower installed in his residence in the days of possible use of solar energy just put it in the off position and take hot bath.

1.7 REFERENCES Cardoso, da Silva Valkyrie. Brazil and the alternative sources of energy. Bachelor Monograph, Faculty of Economics, 1996, UFJF, Juiz de Fora. CESAR, Larissa Peixoto. Residential Consumption of electricity: Regression Analysis. Bachelor Monograph, 1997, Faculty of Economics, UFJF, Juiz de Fora. Gil, Antonio Carlos. How to prepare research projects, 1946.GOLDEMBERG, J. Energy, Environment & Development, EDUSP, S. Paul, 1998. LUIZ, M. Adir. How to harness solar energy, Edgard Blucher LTDA, 1985, SP. MATAJS, R. R., demand, consumption and cost of alternatives to electric shower: The example of the State of S. Paul, dissertation EPUSP IEE, S. Paul 1997. MOREIRA, JGS, Jardine, JA, Use of electric showers and criteria for their replacement for electricity conservation. XIII National Seminar of production and transmission of electricity, Florianpolis 1995. Palz, W. Solar and Alternative Energy Sources, Hemus, S. Paul 1981. PROCEL ELETROBRS and PUC-RIO, Report 337, Research in possession of appliances and consumer habits: Eletropaulo: Basic Report, RJ. Nov. 1997. SOUZA, A. W. Albino .. : Fundamentals of Theory of solar energy and its use. 1.8 APPENDIX: PHOTOS Peth HEATER