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TCP/IP

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TCP/IP
1.1
1. TCP/IP
2. Transmission Control Protocol
3. User Datagram Protocol
4. TCP/IP
5. DHCP / DNS / NAT

1.2 TCP/IP
1.2.1
OSI TCP/IP

IPARPICMP TCP/IP
IP TCP
IP TCP
TCP/IP

1.2.2

IP

IP

IP
(connectionless)

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IP

TCP/IP TCP
UDP TCP UDP
(connectionless)

1.3 Transmission Control Protocol

1.3.1 TCP
TCP UDP TCP
UDP TCP

1. TCP
(Connection-oriented) TCP (
)
TCP

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push

1.3.2 TCP
TCP 2

2. TCP TCP
TCP

Source Port NumberDestination Port Number

TCP
IP IP
(connection)

Sequence Number

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TCP TCP

()

Acknowledge Number
TCP

()

Sequence Number Acknowledge Number TCP

Header Length
32 (Options)
4 TCP
60 20

Reserved

Control Flag

Urgent data (URG) URG 1

Acknowledge field significant (ACK) ACK 1

Acknowledge Number
1
Push function (PSH) PSH 1

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Reset (RST) RST 1

Synchronize sequence number (SYN) SYN 1

No more data for sender (FinishFIN) FIN 1

TCP

Window Size
TCP
( bytes ) Window

Checksum

Urgent Pointer
Control Flag URG URG 1
Urgent Pointer

Options
Telnet
option
telnet
Option 0 0 32bit

1.3.3 TCP
TCP TCP
(Connection-Oriented)
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TCP three-way handshake

four-way handshake

1.3.3.1 TCP
TCP
1. () SYN

(ISNInitial Sequence Number)

2. SYN SYN/ACK
ISN 1
SYN
3. ISN 1 ACK SYN

(three-way handshake) 3

3. TCP (Three-Way
Handshake)
1.3.3.2 TCP

TCP
TCP (half-close) TCP

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FIN TCP FIN

FIN
FIN TCP FIN
( FIN)
(active close) (passive close)

4 TCP
1. FIN ACK
1
2. TCP (discard )
TCP FIN
3. FIN 1 ACK

4. TCP (Four-Way
Handshake)

1.3.4 TCP
TCP IP TCP IP

TCP
7

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(Acknowledgement)

TCP ( error control )

TCP 3
( checksum ) ( acknowledgement )
( time-out ) 5

5. TCP

1.3.5 TCP (Sliding Window)

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6. TCP Simple Acknowledgment

Sliding Window Size 1

Sliding Window
(buffer)
7. Sliding
Window
window
3
9

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window 3

window
2

( window size

4096 bytes 16384 bytes size

)

8. Sliding Window Size=3

1.4 User Datagram Protocol

1.4.1 UDP
TCP (Connection Oriented)

10

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UDP (Connectionless)

UDP

(
)UDP
OSI
header payroll
IP ( IP
65536 bytes ) UDP TCP
over head payroll
IP UDP TCP
UDP

1.4.1 UDP
UDP 9

9. UDP TCP
TCP

UDP Source Port NumberUDP Destination Port Number

TCP Port Socket Pair
UDP

UDP Message Length

UDP ( byte ) 8

UDP Checksum
TCP checksum
UDP checksum
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UDP (UDP Pseudo Header)

10.

10. UDP
Source IP Address Destination IP
Address UDP IP
""

1.5 TCP/IP
1.5.1 Telnet
Telnet Telecommunication Network
(RFC 854)
IP Address
Telnet

guest anonymous

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11. Telnet

1.5.2 FTP
(FTPFile Transfer Protocol)

FTP
FTP
()

12. FTP

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1.5.3 SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service
SMTP SMTP
POP3
SMTP POP3
POP3 SMTP
SMTP
POP3

13. SMTP

1.5.4 HTTP WWW

(HTTPHyperText Transfer Protocol)

WWW HTTP
HTML
HTTP ConnectionlessStateless
TCPStateless
HTTP

HTTP request/response sever

client stateless HTTP sever
state sever
client
HTTP
SMTPNNTPFTPGopher WAISHTTP sever port 80

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14. HTTP WWW

1.6 Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHCP

(Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHCP)
TCP/IP DHCP
DHCP IP
DNS
DHCP
DHCP IP
DNS DHCP
IP DHCP
DHCP IP
DNS DHCP
DHCP

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15. DHCP

1.6 Domain Name SystemDNS

DNS Domain Name System( Service) Google
URL www.google.com Google
www.google.com IP 216.239.53.101
Google www.google.com DNS
IP ( 0 1 ) www.google.com
(
www.google.com)( 216.239.53.101)
DNS IP

16. Domain Name

ServerDNS

1.7 Network Address TransformNAT

Network Address Transfer (NAT)

IP IP
Internet IP
NAT IP NAT
IP Internet
Router NAT
IP IP sharing IP IPv4

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17. Network Address TransformNAT

1.8
[1] W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1, Addison Wesley, 1994.
[2] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, COMPUTER NETWORKS, THIRD EDITION, 1996
[3] Douglas E. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP; vol. 1: principles, protocols, and
architecture, 2000

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