Project Proposal For

Real Time Power Monitoring System

Introduction
As a developing country Sri Lanka has to supply sufficient amount of power to the industries and general public. But currently Sri Lanka is encountering a problem in meeting this demand...Demand in Sri Lankas power sector, which is driving economic activity and development, has been outstripping supply and increasing 7% to 8% annually.Fig 1.1 shows electricity consumption on yearly basis. Most important factors for the higher demand are fastest growth in the industrialsector and increasing population with increased standard of living.

Fig 1.1

Currently electricity is being produced in hydro, thermal, wind power plants. Since there is a mismatch between the supply and demand ,government is trying to implement various plans to match supply with the demand. Building new power plants and improving the efficiency of the existing power plants are one of them. Building new hydraulic power plants and improving the existing hydraulic power plants have many practical problems due to scarcity of water etc. Over the past 15 years, Sri Lanka has gradually been shifting its energy mix from hydro to thermal power.According to the Ceylon Electricity Boards (CEBs) long -term plan for the sector, the country will continue to depend on thermal sources, favoring coal -based rather than fossil fuels.Using coal and fuel for the thermal power plant has many disadvantages. It is an expensive method and it pollutes the environment. Although building new power plant is a way to match the supply with demand, it needs huge capital and improving the efficiency also has some limitations Another way to reduce the . mismatch is reducing the wastage of electricity. Reducing the wastage is a better solution for this mismatch of supply and demand problem We may use many ways to reduce the . wastage. But to achieve the maximum benefits we have to use a proper methodology.

Classification
This project is mainly focused on providing a solution to increase the power demand with scarcity of power supply in SriLanka by reducing the unwanted power consumption. This project comes under product development, under the departmental classification offinal year projects.

Objec ives
We are goi g to make a Pl g & Play, User friendly, Inexpensi e and reliable system. That could be used for monitoring power consumption of each & every devices. The core purpose, we under took this project for, is to provide a system for reduce the Power consumption by indirectly; avoid the wastage of power consumption by giving the awareness to the customers/ users about their detailed power usage. Our main objectives are,
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Most of the customers in our country dont have clear idea on how they are consuming electrical power. They just get the bill for accumulated energy consumption for each month which is not more informative to the customers to get the feeling of how much power each equipment consume within that total consumption. There are some studies shows direct detail feedback on power consumption resulted in 5-15% reduction in monthly electrical bill. Presenting more data monthly or daily on consumption of power on equipment basis to the customers helps them to plan for reducing power consumption or wastage of power. On other hand, the house owners who provide their annexes for rent have no means to divide the power consumption between tenants other than flat rate. Fixing power meter for each annexes and getting the monthly reading on central unit enables owners to provide fair rents to their tenants based on energy consumption. This fair rent scheme can also be applied to exhibition hall, shopping complex, campus complex and hotels where currently only flat power consumption rate is available. For industrial sector which primarily depends on electrical power; it is very difficult to them to estimate the current power need and request the power providers accordingly. The charging scheme differs for each power connection to the industrial according to required power. They need to monitor the real time power consumption of their plant using networked power meter to estimate the requiring power and divide the production cost accordingly.

Justi ic ti

Collect the power consumptions of each devices with time & Date Efficient data transmission by using existing power line network Store the data in log file Provide the interface to users

In order to provide the instantaneous power reading there are two products currently available in Sri Lanka .The one suitable for domestic use has lack of data saving ability and cannot be connected into the network. Although the meter currently used by the industry has a facility to connect it into network it needs a separate Ethernet connection. For large scale deployment installing separate network for this purpose is not feasible. Using power line for communication purpose is an economical way of creating network for installing networked power meter which also reduce the overall cost of installing system

Liter ture Survey

We did the literature survey into four categories as our system combine different kinds of technology domain into one to achieve our primary objective 1. on billing feedback as a means of encouraging conservation of electricity 2. on power line communication 3. On Power measuring sensors 4. on interfacing software tool 1. Billing feedback as a means of encouraging conservation of electricity There are many studies have been done throughout the world regarding feedback mechanism used in power consumption billing methods. Direct feedback on power consumption reduces the energy consumption significantly [1].User friendly meter display is the essential part of the direct feedback. Meter would be useful if it show the user the instantaneous power consumption, power consumption with time basis and equipment basis. 2. Power line communication New digital signal processing technologies enables the power line communication is an economical solution for home network. There are varieties of technology available on the basis of requirement. We have to choose the technology for encoding, modulation, error correction and medium access within available technology to satisfy our objective.[2] 3. Power measuring sensors To accurately measure the AC power it is good practice to do calculation in digital domain. There are two inputs to the power sensor. The voltage sensor input and current sensor input are first converted into digital form using ADC. The current input is to be high pass filtered to remove the DC offset in current. The digital current and voltage signal then multiplied and low pass filtered in order to get the real part of the instantaneous power. Result of this method is always real power regardless of power factor.[3] 4. Interfacing software tool Now it is a standard to design all smart power meters to support the API of the Google Power Meter TM tool. This online free software tool displays the power consumption data in customized way. Here user can login into the account and view the power consumption data in a classified manner. References that are used in this section are listed below. 1. The effectiveness of feedback on Energy consumption,A review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing andDirect displays,Sarah Darby,April 2006. Available: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/energy/downloads/smart-metering-report.pdf 2. Power Line Carrier Communication System,Khurram Hussin Zuberi,9 September 2003 3. ADE7769 datasheet 4. Google Power Meter Available:http://www.google.com/powermeter/about/index.html

Sc pe

Busi ess Pl

Pr ject deliver bles

Final products of our project are,
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Sensing Unit Central Unit User interface Software for Computers

P ssible resources requirements

For Testing Environment Setup  Main Power Source  Isolation Circuit  Model Power Line Network For Production Development  Micro Controller  Ethernet I/O Device  Power line Transmitter / Receiver  Power sensors Software resources  Microcontroller Programming  High Level Language (Java)  Solid works for design of end produce  Orcad and PSpice for circuitry / layout of compounds

B sic Architecture nd Methodology

Main Power Line

Distribution Board

Device Basic Block Diagram The above block diagram shows the basic architecture of the system that we intend to implement during the final year project.Here we are going to implement Central System and a Sensor Subsystem. There are some technologies available for power line communication. We need to do some feasibility study to select a suitable method to implement the power- line communication part.

Sensor Subsystem
We can further divide this subsystem as Sensor unit, Processing Unit and PLC interface. We are going to use the Energy/power measuring chips as a sensor unit. It will sense the power consumptions of each device and send it to processing part. We use the PIC as the Sensor Unit processing unit. It will function according to the commands those are given by central unit. After that, it will send those data to the PLC interface. Sensing Subsystem Then PLC interface modify the data for efficient transmission. It will perform some modulation, demodulation, encode and decode functions. After those modifications, it will send those data to central unit by using existing power lines whenever it get request from central unit.

Central System

Sensor Subsystem

Centr l System
PLC interface receive/transmit the data, which come from power line, then it will modulate or demodulate and encode or decode the data. Processing unit is responsible for send signals to the sensing subsystems, which are connected to the devices to poll the data collected in the Sensing Subsystems. Central system sends the polling signals to each sensing subsystem in a particular time interval. It sends the data collected to the Computer Database and a user can view the data and analyze it.


PLC Interface

Processor& Memory Computer Interface Central Unit

Tr nsmission nd Receiving Unit

We planned to use a power line communication (PLC) interface to the Transmission and receiving unit. Now there are many efficient and reliable PLC interface technologies available in the market. After feasibility study phase, we planned to choose an appropriate technique, which satisfy our needs. When we choose the technology, we mainly focus on efficient encoding, and decoding technique for error free transmission and cost.
 

Coupling Unit

Analog Front End

Demodulator (Receiver)PL
C Interface

Modulator (Transmitter ) Processor

Processing Unit

Clock and Power Supply

Computer nter ce Unit

For our project, we have some options for computer interface with central system. Here we planned to select Ethernet interface to connect our system with computer. There are lot of Ethernet connector modules are available in the market.
 

Oper tion
For a typical situation, we are going to fix the central system above the power distribution point and supply the power to the device through the sensing sub system. We can add sensing sub systems wherever we need to get the power consumption.
Brief procedure of oper tion
 

Central system will allocate an identification number to each sensing unit after fix the sensing unit. Then it can communicate the central system using the id. The sensing system collects power consumption data in a particular period from the power sensor unit and updates its memory. The central system will poll each subsystem time to time to collect information. When only central system asks it will send the latest information. We use this technique to prevent from collisions and congestions on the power line, which may complicate the development. Central system will synchronize those data with the database on the computer through the Ethernet cable. From our GUI user can get detailed information of how the power consumed by devices.

Time Line
Stages Month Goal Project Proposal Feasibility Study Studying available Technologies Evaluation and Select potential Technologies Development of Testing Environment Implement Power Sensor System Testing Sensor System Development of Power line Interface Testing Transmission System Development of centre unit and Computer Interface Test centre unit and Computer Interface Merge Individual components Prototype Designs Make Final Products Quality Testing and Finalize the Product 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4