H. Ruhl-Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields

Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields

Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
ELI Meeting
People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Prague, April 27, 2010
People involved Introduction Radiation reaction
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
People involved
Nina Elkina, Sergey Rykovanov, Karl-Ulrich Bamberg, LMU Munich.

Radiative MD, Radiative AMR-PIC, Perturbative QED.
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL
Alexander Fedotov, Moscow Physics Insitute.

Investigations of QED processes in strong laser elds.
LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks
Kai Germaschewski, University of New Hampshire.

Implementation of AMR-PIC on distributed GPUs.
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Introduction
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction
Consistent model for classical radiation reaction. Grid-free electromagnetic simulation model. Simulation of e+ e cascading in intense laser elds. Exponential growth of pair production over a wide range of parameters.
Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Self-elds
To understand the origin of self-elds we consider the potential of a charge A (y) where j (z) = ec d x ( ) 4 [y x( )] . = e 0 c d 4 z (y 0 z 0 ) [(y z)2 ] j (z) ,
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
Explicitly this reads A (y) ret where [y x( )]

+ 2
Remarks
e x ( + ) , 20 x( + ) [y x( + )]
= 0,
y > x ( ) .
Self-elds
Introducing r one obtains A0 (y) ret = 1 e , 20 r r v v e Aret (y) = . 20 r r v = y x( ) ,

+
dx + v= ( ) dt
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks
In simple words: The eld contribution of those elds at the world line of the particle is the self-eld. However, the eld on the world line is diverging. It is problematic to introduce point particles into a continuum theory as is Classical Electomagnetism (see Gralla et al.).
When are self-eld effects important?

Radiation force: Acceleration force: eE0 Radiation reaction large when both forces are equal:
2 e4 E0 2 eE0 = , 2 0 me c 4
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
2 e4 E0 2 2 0 me c 4
eE0 a= me c
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
This implies: a 100 a = re

3
What are the LAD equations?

We consider a single electron exposed to an external eld and its self-eld:
me u j (x)
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave
= =
e 1 F u , A = j c 0 c 2 Z 4 ec d u ( ) [x x( )]
Aself
e 0 c
d u ( ) G+ [x x( )]
LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
mr u
mr
1 2e2 e , u + u u u Fext u + c 30 c 3 c2 ! Z [] e2 . me 1 + d 20 c 3 ||
LAD and Landau Lifshitz equations
me u
2e2 e u + F c 30 c 3
1 u + u u u 2 c
= = =
e F u d me c e ` F u u + F u me c e e F F u F u u me c me c d
Fself
2e3 30 me c 4
F u u
e me c
F u
2e4
2 30 me c 7
F u u u
Valid if 2 a 1.
Lorentz force solution in a plane wave

We consider a single electron in an external plane wave:
e u , me u = F c F
= A
Introduction Radiation reaction
f (), = k x, k
= k = 0, = 1 ,
= = =
0 d(k u) d
k F
` k k f () ,
k u =0.
The phase as a function of proper time can be obtained:

k u( ) = k u(0), = k x = k u(0) .
Lorentz force solution in a plane wave
The solution in an external eld becomes:

du d = e me c
People involved Introduction , Radiation reaction LAD equations
()
k u(0)
u()
u(0)
e me c
LAD and LL (f () f (0)) , LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
u ()
u (0)
e me c
(f () f (0)) + e2
2 me c 2
u(0)
k u(0)
! .
(f () f (0))
k k u(0)
Solution of Landau Lifshitz in a plane wave
k F
d(k u) d
2e4
3 30 me c 5
People involved (k u) A
2 2
Introduction Radiation reaction
d(k u) (k u)2
()
= =
C A ()d ,
C =
2e2
e2
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks
2 30 me c 3 me c 2
(k u)()
(k u)(0) R 1 C (k u)(0) 0 dz A2 (z) = t kx x , = (0, 0, 0, 1) Z sin(2) 2 dz cos (z) = + 2 4 0
A () A ()
2
= =
a0 cos() ,
2 2
a0 cos () ,
Solution of Landau Lifshitz in a plane wave
(k u)() =
1
2 1 + Ca0
sin(2) + 2 4
1+
u2 c2
ux c
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations
d d
LAD and LL = (k u)() 1

2 Ca0
LF in a plane wave 2 1 + 8( ) (Ca0 ) 1 LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
( )
2 2 2 8 q me a Ca0 = 1.48 10 e2 m L
Remarks
Radiation reaction is large if a large number of electrons can be accelerated coherently or a few charges are at high energies prior to interacting with the intense laser eld or the laser eld is very intense or a combination of all. The Landau-Lifshitz approach becomes invalid and quantum vacuum effects enter as soon as self-eld effects become signicant.
Grid-free simulation code
d up dt d rp dt F ext
= =
e ext self F + Fp + m up
i=p
FiLW
People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
is the external force.
self Fp = E self + vp B self is the self-force. E self = 2e 4 + 3 2 ( ) /3.
B self = E self .
The electromagnetic force F LW is obtained from retarded elds:

E B
LW
= = = =
e 4
0 @
2 (1 n )2 R 2
1 n [(n ) ] c (1 n )3 R
1 A
LW
nE
LW
r (t) r q
n=
r r
|r r |
c (t t )
(r r )2
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Parameters A = a0 cos(), k = (k0 , kx , 0, 0), = (0, 0, 0, 1) a0 = 20 = 1018 s1
Parameters Two charges hit by a short laser pulse.
Grid-free simulation code: Vacuum stability

If photons reach energies high enough to overcome the pair creation threshold the quantum regime of radiation is reached. The acceleration of an electron in an external magnetic eld is used to estimate the peak of the observable radiation spectrum based on self-radiation. The peak of the synchrotron radiation spectrum scales as c 3 , where c is the cyclotron frequency. Hence, it follows that m c 2 3 . This relation implies a means I 1024 W/cm2 . m c 2 / 103 , which
For I > 1024 W/cm2 quantum vacuum effects, like pair creation, may become important, since sufciently many hard photons are produced.
Grid-free simulation code: Assumptions
Transition rates will be functions of the external electromagnetic eld. Energy-momentum transfer from the external eld will be neglected. Dressed transition rates must be computed (see Landau & Lifshitz and Nikishov & Ritus and Reiss, PRL 26, 1971).
Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Grid-free simulation code: Pair creation

Perturbative result for the pair creation rate in an electromagnetic eld:
W = 3 Z h i 4 2 2 2 2 d q (q 4m ) |E(q)| |B(q)| 1 4m
2
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved 2m
2
q2
!1/2
1+
q2
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations
Pair creation is an electric effect, since |E(q)|2 |B(q)|2 0. To make pair creation viable in laser elds external eld congurations must be found, for which the electric eld is large or the magnetic eld disappears. Transition rates should be computed for those eld topologies in a non-perturbative way. This is not possible in the general case. One is forced to make sacrices.
LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Grid-free simulation code: Essential parameters

Dimensionless laser amplitude: a= . Formation length for pair creation: l . Field can be considered as locally constant.
2 Invariant intensity parameters (Es = me c 3 /e ):
e a0 me c
me c 2 e E0
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks
f = .
F F
2 2 Es
E 2 c2 B2
2 Es
1,
g =
F F
2 8 Es
cE B
2 Es
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime
The external eld can be considered as crossed. We make the approximation: A .
a0 k x
Conclusion
Grid-free simulation code: Fundamental processes

Photon emission process (Ritus & Nikishov, Reiss) e () e ( ) + ():
E,B dWrad
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations
(, ) =
Z m2 2
x
d Ai() +
2 x
+ x
dAi (x) dx
x = .
( )
!2/3
0<
+
LAD and LL LF in a plane wave
Pair creation process (Ritus & Nikishov, Reiss) () e () + e dWpair d

E,B
( ): dAi dx !
LL in a plane wave Remarks
(, ) =
m2 2
Z
y
d Ai() +
2 y
(y)
y = .
( )
!2/3
0<
Pair creation threshhold is reached for 1.
Grid-free simulation code: Efciency parameters
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction
Proper acceleration in units of Schwinger eld Es : |p | e Es e m3 c 4 r E 2 = proper frame F pin Es 2 F kin
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
= .
m3 c 4
r e 2
Grid-free simulation code: Efciency parameters

Let us consider an electric eld that is rotating:
There is an electron initally at rest. The equation of motion is:
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction
d p(t) dt . For a rotation electric eld we nd: p . It holds: = . It holds: (t) . E Es me t 2
= e E(t)
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave
LL in a plane wave Remarks E0 t 2 The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
, E E0 =
E0 t eE0 t 2Es me
Grid-free simulation code: Scales
We can solve for the time. For the creation time ( 1) it holds that t . This time is much smaller than 1/ if: r m
3 15 V
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
Es me
2 e E0
2 Es 2 E0 me
E0 .
Es 10
Es = 10
Es
Grid-free simulation code: Growth rate
Comment Exponential growth with time.
Grid-free simulation code: Cascading
Comment Photons cannot propagate far.
Grid-free simulation code: Extrapolation to larger elds
For the number of e -pairs obtained in the laser eld with one initial slow electron it holds: 0.1 1.0 2.0 . I 3 10 3 1025 1.2 1026
W cm2 23
Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL
N non 104 1010
LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Conclusion
The quantum radiation regime is probably reached well below the Schwinger eld. With a rst cold electron present cascading sets in as soon as the intensity threshold is reached and growth is expontential. Codes that can handle the physics represent a new generation of simulation codes because of self-elds, rapidly rising particle numbers and dynamic scales.

H. Ruhl-Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

H. Ruhl-Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich

Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields

Prague, April 27, 2010

People involved Introduction Radiation reaction

Nina Elkina, Sergey Rykovanov, Karl-Ulrich Bamberg, LMU Munich.

Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL

Alexander Fedotov, Moscow Physics Insitute.

LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks

Kai Germaschewski, University of New Hampshire.

Explicitly this reads A (y) ret where [y x( )]

Introducing r one obtains A0 (y) ret = 1 e , 20 r r v v e Aret (y) = . 20 r r v = y x( ) ,

When are self-eld effects important?

This implies: a 100 a = re

What are the LAD equations?

LAD and Landau Lifshitz equations

People involved Introduction Radiation reaction

Lorentz force solution in a plane wave

Introduction Radiation reaction

The phase as a function of proper time can be obtained:

Lorentz force solution in a plane wave

The solution in an external eld becomes:

People involved Introduction , Radiation reaction LAD equations

LAD and LL (f () f (0)) , LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave

Solution of Landau Lifshitz in a plane wave

Introduction Radiation reaction

LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks

(k u)(0) R 1 C (k u)(0) 0 dz A2 (z) = t kx x , = (0, 0, 0, 1) Z sin(2) 2 dz cos (z) = + 2 4 0

Solution of Landau Lifshitz in a plane wave

Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations

LAD and LL = (k u)() 1

Grid-free simulation code

is the external force.

self Fp = E self + vp B self is the self-force. E self = 2e 4 + 3 2 ( ) /3.

Grid-free simulation code

The electromagnetic force F LW is obtained from retarded elds:

Grid-free simulation code

Parameters A = a0 cos(), k = (k0 , kx , 0, 0), = (0, 0, 0, 1) a0 = 20 = 1018 s1

Grid-free simulation code

Parameters Two charges hit by a short laser pulse.

Grid-free simulation code

Parameters Two charges hit by a short laser pulse.

Grid-free simulation code

Parameters Two charges hit by a short laser pulse.

Grid-free simulation code: Vacuum stability

Grid-free simulation code: Assumptions

Grid-free simulation code: Pair creation

Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations

Grid-free simulation code: Essential parameters

People involved Introduction Radiation reaction

LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks

The external eld can be considered as crossed. We make the approximation: A .

Grid-free simulation code: Fundamental processes

LAD and LL LF in a plane wave

Pair creation process (Ritus & Nikishov, Reiss) () e () + e dWpair d

LL in a plane wave Remarks

Pair creation threshhold is reached for 1.

Grid-free simulation code: Efciency parameters

Proper acceleration in units of Schwinger eld Es : |p | e Es e m3 c 4 r E 2 = proper frame F pin Es 2 F kin

LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave

Grid-free simulation code: Efciency parameters

d p(t) dt . For a rotation electric eld we nd: p . It holds: = . It holds: (t) . E Es me t 2

LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave

Grid-free simulation code: Scales

Grid-free simulation code: Growth rate