Hard Disk Drive Assembly

Nordson ASYMTEK supplies disk drive manufacturers the dispensing system solutions for slider fabrication, head gimbal and stack assembly, underfill on flex circuits and form in place gasket for lid seal

Applications

Photo resist application slider fabrication Low stress adhesive and wax dispensing to bond rows of heads to lapping tools (row bond) UV and silver dot applications at head gimbal assembly Silver dot grounding for head stacks to case Flux dispensing for flex circuit soldering Underfill on flex circuit Underfill on drive control board Form in place gaskets for final drive assembly The following provides more information about dispensing applications for hard disk drive assembly.

Speed, Precision & Control

Head to Gimbal Jetting UV and silver adhesive dots, for head to gimbal assembly. Dot volume and position can impact flying height and ultimately yield. Using jetting to apply these critical glue dots, as small as 225 microns. Row Tool Adhesive Applying wax to lapping and dicing tools to hold wafer strips / rows. A jet with heated fluid path keeps wax in a molten state. Wax is jetted on demand, onto a lapping tool, minimizing the amount of wax used. Lower material costs and minimized tool cleaning. Printed Circuit Board / Flex - Underfill Nordson ASYMTEK is a world leader in supplying equipment for encapsulation and underfill on PCB or flex. Precise control allows underfill to be dispensed without bridging critical gaps. as in the photograph to the right, here two 5mm die are being underfilled and no bridging is occurring across a 1mm gap between the two die. Design engineers can typically save 40% on the area of a foot print for an underfilled die. Jetting on flex removes all of the process problems of determining needle to flex position. Jets are insensitive to dispense gap and hence can move faster into position and therefore have higher throughputs than needle dispensing. Head Stack Assembly For gimbal or head stack assembly, small dots of silver epoxy are used to electrically ground flex circuits to gimbal arms. Silver lines can also be dispensed to make electrical connection to MEMS actuators on heads. Nordson ASYMTEK has equipment from simple bench top automation to high speed, automated systems, capable of jetting dots of silver epoxy at rates of 50,000 dph. Photoresist Spray - Air Bearing Surface Patterning Nordson ASYMTEK's micro spray applicator can be used to apply photoresist to wafer strips for air bearing surface patterning. Liquid photoresist (PR) can produce finer features than dry film photo resists. Spraying PR instead of spinning, is

much more efficient method of applying PR, reducing the amount of waste, and cleaning. Spraying can apply PR on single rows, eliminating the need to group rows for coating. Flux Jetting and Solder Paste Dispensing Nordson ASYMTEK has a range of flux jetting systems for precise application of flux to flex circuits used in head stack assembly. Flux can be applied by jets or needles, as dots or lines with thickness' as small as 5 microns. In addition, we have a range of solder paste dispensing systems for every application. Form In Place Gasket Protecting hard disk drives from the outside environment requires a precision dispensed seal. Nordson has for many years supplied dispensing equipment for this application. Nordson's range of pail pumps and meter mix equipment has greatly simplified manufacturing of form in place gaskets (FIPG). At the same time Nordson ASYMTEK is developing new dispensing methods such as jetting to enable FIPG in smaller geometries and in tight spaces next to drive cover walls.

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hard disk drive,

n the mechanism that controls the positioning, reading, and writing of the hard disk, which provides the largest amount of storage for the computer.
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HARD DISK DRIVE GUIDE How a Hard Disk Drive Works

Hard Disk Assembly
Last updated: 2/5/2002

The purpose of this article is to provide just the right balance of technical detail to convey a good insight into the innards of a hard disk drive and how if basically works without burdening the reader with excessive technical detail. HARD DISK ASSEMBLY. A hard disk drive consists of a motor, spindle, platters, read/write heads, actuator,

frame, air filter, and electronics. The frame mounts the mechanical parts of the drive and is sealed with a cover. The sealed part of the drive is known as the Hard Disk Assembly or HDA. The drive electronics usually consists of one or more printed circuit boards mounted on the bottom of the HDA. A head and platter can be visualized as being similar to a record and playback head on an old phonograph, except the data structure of a hard disk is arranged into concentric circles instead of in a spiral as it on a phonograph record (and CD-ROM). A hard disk has one or more platters and each platter usually has a head on each of its sides. The platters in modern drives are made from glass or ceramic to avoid the unfavorable thermal characteristics of the aluminum platters found in older drives. A layer of magnetic material is deposited/sputtered on the surface of the platters and those in most of the drives I've dissected have shiny, chrome-like surfaces. The platters are mounted on the spindle which is turned by the drive motor. Most current IDE hard disk drives spin at 5,400, 7,200, or 10,000 RPM and 15,000 RPM drives are emerging.

History of IBM magnetic disk drives

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (July 2011)

To comply with Wikipedia's guidelines, the introduction of this article may need to be rewritten. Please discuss this issue on the talk pageand read the layout guide to make sure the section will be inclusive of all essential details. (July 2011)

IBM, a multinational technology firm, manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003. IBM has used many terms to describe its various magnetic disk drives, such as Direct Access Storage Device, Disk File and Diskette File; however, for purposes of this article the current industry standard terms, hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD) will be used. Both the HDD and the FDD were invented by IBM employees and as such IBM's employees were responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies.
[1]

The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives has not changed since the IBM

1301. Disk drive performance and characteristics are measured by the same standards now as they were in the 1950s. The company HDDs from 1956 until it merged its HDD business with Hitachi's in 2003.[2] IBM manufactured 8-inch FDDs from 1969 until the middle 1980s but was not a significant manufacturer of smaller sized FDDs.[3]

IBM always offered its magnetic disk drives for sale but did not offer them with OEM terms and conditions until 1981.[4] By 1996 IBM had stopped making HDDs unique to its systems and was offering all its HDDs on an OEM basis.[5] This article ends at IBM's 1994 announcement of the "star" family of OEM disk drives,[6] and the article concludes with a comparison of IBM's first and last HDDs. Few products in history have enjoyed such spectacular declines in cost and size along with corresponding improvements in capacity and performance.
Contents
[hide]

1 Early IBM HDDs

1.1 IBM 350 1.2 IBM 353 1.3 IBM 355 1.4 IBM 1405 1.5 IBM 1301 1.6 IBM 1302 1.7 IBM 1311

2 IBM S/360 and other IBM mainframe HDDs

2.1 IBM 2302 2.2 IBM 2305 2.3 IBM 2311 2.4 IBM 2314/2319 2.5 IBM 3330 2.6 IBM 3340 2.7 IBM 3350 2.8 IBM 3370 and 3375 2.9 IBM 3380 2.10 IBM 3390

2.11 IBM 9345 2.12 9330 family of disk drives

3 HDDs offered only on IBM small systems

3.1 IBM 2310 3.2 IBM 5444 3.3 IBM 62GV

4 OEM and Small Systems HDDs

4.1 IBM 0680 4.2 IBM 0676 4.3 IBM 0667 4.4 IBM 0669 4.5 IBM 0671 4.6 IBM 0681 4.7 IBM 0663 4.8 IBM 0664 4.9 IBM 0662

5 The floppy disk drive 6 "Star" Series of HDDs 7 IBM's first HDD versus its last HDDs 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

[edit]Early [edit]IBM

IBM HDDs

350

IBM 305 at U.S. Army Red River Arsenal, with two IBM 350 disk drives in the foreground

RAMAC mechanism at Computer History Museum

The IBM 350 disk storage unit, the first disk drive, was announced by IBM as a component of the IBM 305 RAMAC computer system on September 13, 1956.[7][8][9][10] Simultaneously a very similar product, the "IBM 355 Random Access Memory" was announced for the IBM 650 computer system. RAMAC stood for "Random Access Method of Accounting and Control." Its design was motivated by the need for real time accounting in business.[11] The 350 stored 5 million 7-bit (6-bits plus 1 odd parity bit) characters (about 4.4megabytes).[7] It had fifty 24inch (610 mm) diameter disks with 100 recording surfaces. Each surface had 100 tracks. The disks spun at 1200 RPM. Data transfer rate was 8,800 characters per second. An access mechanism moved a pair of heads up and down to select a disk pair (one down surface and one up surface) and in and out to select a recording track of a surface pair. Several improved models were added in the 1950s. The IBM RAMAC 305 system with 350 disk storage leased for $3,200 per month. The 350 was officially withdrawn in 1969.

The 350's cabinet was 60 inches (152 cm) long, 68 inches (172 cm) high and 29 inches (74 cm) deep. IBM had a strict rule that all its products must pass through a standard 29.5 inch (75 cm) doorway. Since the 350's platters were mounted horizontally, this rule presumably dictated the maximum diameter of the disks. The RAMAC unit weighed over a ton, had to be moved around with forklifts, and was delivered via large cargo airplanes.[12] According to Currie Munce, research vice president for Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (which acquired IBM's storage business), the storage capacity of the drive could have been increased beyond five megabytes, but IBM's marketing department at that time was against a larger capacity drive, because they didn't know how to sell a product with more storage. In 2002, the Magnetic Disk Heritage Center began restoration of an IBM 350 RAMAC in collaboration with Santa Clara University.[13] In 2005, the RAMAC restoration project relocated to the Computer History Museum where efforts to restore the drive for public display continue.[14]
[edit]IBM

353

The IBM 353 used on the IBM 7030, was similar to the IBM 1301, but with a faster transfer rate. It had a capacity of 2,097,152 (221) 64-bit words (two 32 data bit half words each with 7 ECC bits) and transferred 125,000 words per second.[15] Unlike the flying heads of the 1301, the 353 used the older head design of the IBM 350 RAMAC.
[edit]IBM

355

The IBM 355 was announced on September 14, 1956 as an addition to the popular IBM 650.[16] It used the same mechanism as the IBM 350 and stored 6 million 7-bit decimal digits.[16] Data was transferred to and from the IBM 653 magnetic core memory, an IBM 650 option that stored just sixty 10-digit words, enough for a single sector of disk or tape data.
[edit]IBM

1405

The IBM 1405 Disk Storage Unit was announced by 1961 and was designed for use with the IBM 1401 series, medium scale business computers.[17] The 1405 stored 10 million characters on a single module.[17] Each module had 25 large disks, yielding 50 recording surfaces. The disks spun at 1200 rpm. The Model 1 had one module, the Model 2 had two modules, stacked vertically. Each recording surface had 200 tracks and 5 sectors per track. Data was read or recorded at 22,500 characters per second. A single arm moved in and out and up and down. Access time ranged from 100 to 800 milliseconds (Model 2).
[edit]IBM

1301

The IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit was announced on June 2, 1961.[18] It was designed for use with the IBM 7000 series mainframe computers and the IBM 1410. The 1301 stored 28 million characters on a single module (25 million with the 1410). Each module had 20 large disks and 40 recording surfaces, with 250 tracks per surface. The 1301 Model 1 had one module, the Model 2 had two modules, stacked vertically. The disks spun at 1800 rpm. Data was transferred at 90,000 characters per second. A major advance over the IBM 350 and IBM 1405 was the use of a separate arm and head for each recording surface, with all the arms moving in and out together like a big comb. This eliminated the time needed for the arm to pull the head out of one disk and move up or down to a new disk. Seeking the desired track was also faster since, with the new design, the head would usually be somewhere in the middle of the disk, not starting on the outer edge. Maximum access time was reduced to 180 milliseconds. The 1301 was the first disk drive to use heads that were aerodynamically designed to fly over the surface of the disk on a thin layer of air.[1] This allowed them to be much closer to the recording surface, which greatly improved performance. The 1301 was connected to the computer via the IBM 7631 File Control. Different models of the 7631 allowed the 1301 to be used with a 1410 or 7000 series computer or shared between a 7000 and a 1410 or between two 7000's. The IBM 1301 Model 1 leased for $2,100 per month or could be purchased for $115,500. Prices for the Model 2 were $3,500 per month or $185,000 to purchase. The IBM 7631 controller cost an additional $1,185 per month or $56,000 to purchase. All models were withdrawn in 1970.[18]
[edit]IBM

1302

The IBM 1302 Disk Storage Unit was introduced in September 1963.[19] Improved recording quadrupled its capacity over that of the 1301, to 117 million 6-bit characters per module. Average access time was 165 ms and data could be transferred at 180 K characters/second, more than double the speed of the 1301. A second arm accessed a separate group of 250 tracks. As with the 1301, there was a Model 2 with twice the capacity. The IBM 1302 Model 1 leased for $5,600 per month or could be purchased for $252,000. Prices for the Model 2 were $7,900 per month or $355,500 to purchase. The IBM 7631 controller cost an additional $1,185 per month or $56,000 to purchase. The 1302 was withdrawn in February 1965.
[edit]IBM

1311

IBM 1311 Disk Drives - Model 2 (Slave) & Model 3 (Master)

The IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive was announced on October 11, 1962 and was designed for use with several medium-scale business and scientific computers.[20] The 1311 was about the size and shape of a top-loading washing machine and stored 2 million characters on a removable IBM 1316 disk pack.[21]Seven models of the 1311 were introduced during the 1960s. They were withdrawn during the early 1970s. Models of the 1311 disk drive:
1. Had to be drive 1 on an IBM 1440, IBM 1460, or IBM 1240 system. Contained the

controller and could control up to four Model 2 drives. Introduced October 11, 1962. Withdrawn February 8, 1971. 2. Slave drive. Could have any special feature incorporated that the master drive (drive 1) had incorporated. Introduced October 11, 1962. Withdrawn January 6, 1975.
3. Had to be drive 1 on an IBM 1620 or IBM 1710 system. Contained the controller and

could control up to three Model 2 drives. Did not support any special features. Introduced October 11, 1962. Withdrawn May 12, 1971.
4. Had to be drive 1 on an IBM 1401 system. Contains the controller and can control

up to four Model 2 drives. Introduced October 11, 1962. Withdrawn February 8, 1971.
5. Had to be drive 1 on an IBM 1410, IBM 7010, or IBM 7740 system. Contained the

controller and could control up to four Model 2 drives. Direct Seek came as standard on this model. Introduced January 7, 1963. Withdrawn May 12, 1971. 6. No information available, probably a master drive (drive 1). Introduced March 5, 1968. Withdrawn February 2, 1971. 7. No information available, probably a master drive (drive 1). Introduced March 5, 1968. Withdrawn February 2, 1971.

The optional special features were: Direct Seek: Without this option every seek returned to track zero first. Scan Disk: Automatic rapid search for identifier or condition. Seek Overlap: Allowed a seek to overlap ONE read or write and any number of other seeks. Track Record: Increased the capacity of the disk by writing ONE large record per track instead of using sectors. Drive 1 (the master drive: models 1, 3, 4, and 5) was about a foot wider than the other drives (the slave drives: model 2), to contain extra power supplies and the control logic. Each IBM 1316 Disk Pack was 4 inches (100 mm) high, weighed 10 pounds (4.5 kg) and contained six 14-inch (360 mm) diameter disks, yielding 10 recording surfaces (the outer surfaces were not used). The 10 individual read/write heads were mounted on a common actuator within the disk drive which was moved in and out hydraulically and mechanically detented at the desired track before reading or writing occurred. The disks spun at 1500 rpm. Each recording surface had 100 tracks with 20 sectors per track. Each sector stored 100 characters. The disk pack was covered with a clear plastic shell and a bottom cover when not in use. A lifting handle in the top center of the cover was rotated to release the bottom cover. Then the top of the 1311 drive was opened and the plastic shell lowered into the disk-drive opening (assuming it was empty). The handle was turned again to lock the disks in place and release the plastic shell, which was then removed and the drive cover closed. The process was reversed to remove a disk pack.
[edit]IBM [edit]IBM

S/360 and other IBM mainframe HDDs

2302

The IBM 2302 was the S/360 version of the 1302, with track formatting in accordance with S/360 DASD architecture rather than 7000 series architecture.
[edit]IBM

2305

The IBM 2305 Direct Access Storage Facility was a fixed-head disk drive originally announced in 1970 to connect to the 360/85 and 360/195 using the IBM 2880 Block Multiplexor Channel.[22] The 2305-1 ran at 3.0 MB/second when attached using the 2-byte channel interface, and the larger 2305-2 ran at 1.5 MB/second.[23] The 2305 provided large-scale IBM computers with fast, continuous access to mediumsized quantities of information. Its capacity and high data rate made it ideal for systems

residence functions, work files, indices and data sets that were used repeatedly.[23] Its fast response time made it attractive as a paging device in a heavily loaded systems (where there are 1.5 or more transactions per second).[24]
[edit]IBM

2311

IBM 2311 memory unit, with its six platters

The IBM 2311 Direct Access Storage Facility was introduced in 1964 for use throughout the System/360 series. It was also available on the IBM 1130 and (using the 2841 Control Unit) the IBM 1800. The 2311 mechanism was largely identical to the 1311, but recording improvements allowed higher data density. The 2311 stored 7.25 megabytes on a single removable IBM 1316 disk pack (the same type used on the IBM 1311) consisting of six platters that rotated as a single unit. Each recording surface had 200 tracks plus 3 optional tracks which could be used as alternatives in case faulty tracks were discovered. Average seek time was 85 ms. Data transfer rate was 156 kB/s. The 2311 had 10 individual R/W heads mounted on a common actuator which was moved in and out hydraulically and mechanically detented at the desired track before reading or writing occurred. The 2311 was organized into cylinders, tracks, and records. (A cylinder referred to all surfaces the same track on each of the 5 platters.) Record 0 was reserved for timing. Because the 2311 was to be used with a wide variety of computers within the 360 product line, its electrical interconnection was standardized. This created an opportunity for other

manufacturers to sell plug compatible disk drives for use with IBM computers and an entire industry was born.
[edit]IBM

2314/2319

IBM 2314s at the University of Michigan. Note removable disk packs and empty covers on top of the drives

The IBM 2314 Disk Access Storage Facility was introduced on April 22, 1965, one year after the System/360introduction.[25] It was used with the System/360 and the System/370 lines. With Two Channel Switch feature it could interface with two 360/370 channels. The 2314 Disk access mechanism was similar to the 2311, but further recording improvements allowed higher data density. The 2314 stored 29,176,000 characters (200207294 bytes per track) on a single removable IBM 2316 disk pack which was similar in design to the 1316 but was taller as a result of increasing the number of disks from six to eleven. The 2316 disk pack containing the eleven 14-inch (360 mm) diameter disks yielded 20 recording surfaces. The drive access consisted of 20 individual R/W heads mounted on a common actuator which was moved in and out hydraulically and mechanically detented at the desired track before reading or writing occurred. Each recording surface had 200 tracks. Access time was initially the same as the 2311, but later models were faster as a result of improvements made in the hydraulic actuator. Data transfer rate was doubled to 310 kB/s. The original Model 1 consisted of the 2314 control unit, a 2312 single drive module, and two 2313 four drive modules for a total of 9 disk drives. Only eight drives of the nine were available to the user at any one time. The ninth drive was there for a spare for the user and could also be worked on 'offline' by a Field Engineer while the other drives were in use by the customer. Each of the nine drives were mounted in individual drawers that were unlatched and pulled out to access the Disk Pack. Because of their appearance they picked up the nickname of 'Pizza Ovens' Other 2314 models came later:

2314 Model A with combinations of one to nine drives. 2314 Model B with 2319 disk drives were available in three, six and nine drive models. A 2844 Control Unit could be added to the 2314 Control Unit which allowed two S/360 Channels simultaneous access to two separate disk drives in the Storage Facility.

[edit]IBM

3330

200 MB removable disk pack without protective cover

The IBM 3330 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Merlin, was introduced in June 1970 for use with the IBM System/370 and the IBM System 360/195.[26] Its removable disk packs held 100 MB (404x19x13,030 bytes) (the 1973 Model 11 featured IBM 3336-11 Disk Packs that held 200 MB (808x19x13,030 bytes)). Access time was 30 ms and data transferred at 806 kB/s. A major advance introduced with the 3330 was the use of error correction, which made the drives more reliable and reduced costs because small imperfections in the disk surface could be tolerated. The circuitry could correct error bursts up to 11 bits long. The 3330 was withdrawn in 1983.
[edit]IBM

3340

The IBM 3340 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Winchester, was introduced in March 1973 for use with IBM System/370.[27] Its removable disk packs were sealed and included the head and arm assembly. There was no cover to remove during the insertion process. Access time was 25 millisecond and data transferred at 885 kB/s. Three versions of the removable IBM 3348 Data Module were sold, one with 35 megabyte capacity, another with 70 megabytes, the third also had 70 megabytes, but with 500 kilobytes under separate fixed heads for faster access. The 3340 also used error correction. It was withdrawn in 1984.

The 3340 was developed in San Jose under the leadership of Ken Haughton. Early on the design was focused on two removable 30 megabyte modules. Because of this 30/30 configuration, the code name Winchester was selected after the famous Winchester 30-30 rifle;[28] subsequently the capacities were increased, but the code name stuck. The significance of this product, and the reason that disk drives in general became known as "Winchester technology" had nothing to do with the configuration of the product. This was IBM's first drive to not unload the heads from the media. The Winchester technology allowed the head to land and take off from the disk media as the disk spun up and down. This resulted in very significant savings and a large reduction of complexity of the head and arm actuating mechanism. This rapidly became a standard design within the disk manufacturing community. The name stuck in the USSR, Hungary and possibly other countries as an umbrella term for all hard drives; it is still in wide use today.
[edit]IBM

3350

The IBM 3350 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Madrid, was introduced in 1975 for use with IBM System/370.[29] Its non-removable disk packs were sealed and included the head and arm assembly. The 3350 disk geometry was 555 cylinders, 30 heads, and 19069 bytes per track which gave the Head Disk Assembly (HDA) a storage capacity of 317,498,850 bytes. Disk units were identified as A2, A2F, B2, B2F, C2, and C2F. Each unit contained two HDAs and they were installed in "strings" of units. An A2 or A2F unit was required and attached to a "control unit" such as the IBM 3880. After the A2 could be up to 3 B2 units or 2 B2s and a C2. The C2 unit could also be connected to a control unit and with it in place then two I/O operations could be executed on the string at the same time. The "x2F" unit was a normal x2 unit, but its two HDAs also had a "Fixed Head" area over the first 5 cylinders. This Fixed Head area was intended to be allocated to the HASP or JES2checkpoint area and thus would greatly reduce head motion on the device.
[edit]IBM

3370 and 3375

IBM introduced the IBM 3370 Direct Access Storage Device in January 1979 for its for IBM 4331, 4341, and System/38 midrange computers.[30] It had 7 fixed 14-inch (360 mm) disks, and each unit had a capacity of 571 MB. It was the first HDD usage of thin film head technology; research on that technology started at Thomas J. Watson Research Center in the late 1960s.[30] The 3370 was afixed block architecture. The sister unit was called the 3375 and used the count-key-data architecture.

[edit]IBM

3380

IBM 3380 disk drive module

The IBM 3380 Direct Access Storage Device was introduced in June 1980.[31] It used new film head technology and had a capacity of 2.52 gigabytes with a data transfer rate of 3 megabytes per second. Average access time was 16 ms. Purchase price at time of introduction ranged from $81,000 to $142,200. Due to problems encountered, the first units did not ship until October, 1981.[32]
[edit]IBM

3390

The IBM 3390 Direct Access Storage Device series was introduced November 1989, offering a maximum storage of up to 22 gigabytes in a string of multiple drives.[33] Cost of a storage system varied by configuration and capacity, between $90,000 and $795,000. A Model 3 enhancement to the drive family, announced September 11, 1991, increased capacity by approximately 1.5 and a Model 9 family, announced May 20, 1993, further increased capacity by an additional factor of 3 to minimum capacity of 34 gigabytes in a single drive box.[34] The 3390 Model 9 was the last Single Large Expensive Disk (sometimes called SLEDs) drive announced by IBM.
[edit]IBM

9345

The 9345 HDD first shipped in Nov 1990 as an RPQ on IBMs SCSE (SuperComputing Systems Extensions). Developed at IBM's San Jose, California laboratory under the code name Sawmill it was an up to 1.5 GB full height 5-inch HDD using up to 8 130 mm disks. It was the first HDD to use MR(Magneto Resistive) heads.[35] In October 1991 the 9345 DASD was announced as part of the IBM 9340 direct channel attached, count key data

(CKD) DASD subsystem family which attached to IBM mainframes including the ES/9000 processor family.[36] The 9345 DASD Model 1 had two 1.0 GB HDDs while the Model 2 had two 1.5 GB HDDs.
[edit]9330

family of disk drives

1. 9331 Diskette Unit models 1 and 11 contained one 8-inch FDD while the models 2

and 12 contained one 5-inch FDD.[37]

2. 9332 Direct Access Storage Device used the IBM 0667 HDD.[38]

3. 9333 High Performance Disk Drive Subsystem used the IBM 0664 or IBM 0681 HDDs depending upon subsystem model 4. 9334 Disk Expansion Unit [To be determined]
5. 9335 Direct Access Storage Subsystem This HDD used in this subsystem was

developed under the code name "Kestrel" at IBM Hursley, UK, and was an 850 MB HDD using three 14-inch disks with dual rotary actuators, each actuator accessing three surfaces with two heads per surface.[39] The HDD was in the rack mountable 9335 announced as a part of the October 1986 IBM 9370 Information System announcement.[40] There is no known OEM version of this HDD. 6. 9336 Disk Unit used the IBM 0662 HDD
7. 9337 Disk Array Subsystem used the IBM 0662 HDD. In 1991 IBM introduced a

family of rack-mounted, CKD 9340 DASD Subsystems based upon the 5-inch 9345 disk drive,[41] code name Sawmill.[42] The entry-level 9341/9345 subsystem connected to a 9221 processor and stored 2-24 gigabytes of information while the 9343/9345 stored 4-48 gigabytes and could take advantage ofESCON.[41] The drive capacity was either 1 or 1.5 gigabytes depending upon the model.[42]
[edit]HDDs [edit]IBM

offered only on IBM small systems

2310

The IBM 2310 Removable Cartridge Drive was announced in 1964 with the IBM 1800,
[43]

and then in 1965 with the IBM 1130; it likely first shipped with the 1130 in late 1965.[44] It

could store 512,000 words (1,024,000 bytes) on an IBM 2315 cartridge. A single 14-inch (360 mm) oxide-coated aluminum disk spun in a plastic shell with openings for the read/write arm and two heads.
[edit]IBM

5444

The 5444 was announced September 1969 as part of System/3. Developed at IBM's Hursley, England, laboratory under code name Dolphin[39] it used the 5440 disk cartridge. The cartridge in turn contained one 14-inch disk. There were three models:[45] Model 1 has one fixed disk and one removable disk each with 100 tracks per surface for a disk cartridge capacity of 1.23 MB Model 2 has one fixed disk and one removable disk each with 200 tracks per surface for a disk cartridge capacity of 2.46 MB Model 3 has only one removable disk with 200 tracks per surface for a disk cartridge capacity of 2.46 MB
[edit]IBM

62GV

The 62GV first shipped in May 1974. Developed at IBM's Hursley, England, laboratory under the code name Gulliver with an initial capacity of 5MB. Subsequent models had 10 and 14 MB capacities. It used a rotary actuator with one 14-inch disk. During its production life it shipped 177,000 units making it the first HDD known to have shipped in excess of 100,000 units.[39]
[edit]OEM

and Small Systems HDDs

This section lists IBM manufactured HDDs offered both as an OEM product and for attachment to IBMs small systems such as the System/3, System/32, /34 & /36 and the AS/400. HDDs are identified by there OEM model number and listed chronologically by date of first customer shipment.
[edit]IBM

0680

The 0680 first shipped in 1979 on most IBM small systems[46] and the low end of the System/370 as the 3310 direct access storage.[47] The OEM version was announced as the 0680 in September 1981.[4] Developed at IBM's Hursley, England, laboratory under the code name Piccolo with an initial capacity of up to 65MB, it used six 8-inch disks (210 mm).[39] A double capacity version, the 62SW, shipped in June 1984 but very few units were sold because its price per megabyte was the same as the 62GV.[39]
[edit]IBM

0676

The 0676 first shipped in November 1982 as a 5247 Disk Storage Unit for the IBM System/23 Datamaster.[48] Developed at the IBM Rochester, MN, laboratory as the 21ED it was an 8-inch HDD with an initial capacity of 15 or 30 MB in 2 or 4 210 mm disks. In 1983 it shipped as the HDD in the 5360 System Unit of the S/36. In 1984 its capacity was doubled

by doubling the number of tracks per surface and it was incorporated into the 5362 System Unit of the System/36.[49]
[edit]IBM

0667

The 0667 first shipped in August 1986.[48] Developed the IBM Rochester, MN, laboratory under the code name "Grant", it was a 70 MB ESDI full height 5-inch HDD with up to 4 130 mm disks.[50][51] It was offered as a feature on certain models of the PC RT (6150, 6151, 6152) and in System/36 Model System Units (5363, 5364).[52]
[edit]IBM

0669

The 0669 first shipped in 1987.[53] Developed at IBM Rochester, MN, it was a full-height 5inch HDD with a capacity of up to 115MB on up to 4 130 mm disks.[54] It was the HDD internal to the System/36 5363 System Unit and Series 1 4956 System Unit.[54]
[edit]IBM

0671

The 0671 first shipped in 1987.[53] Developed under the code name "Lee" at IBM Rochester, MN, it was an up to 316 MB ESDI full height 5-inch HDD with up to 8 130 mm disks depending upon model.[54] In 1988 it shipped as part of the 9404 System Unit of the IBM AS/400 system which contained two, or optionally three of these HDDs.[55]
[edit]IBM

0681

The 0681 first shipped in April 1990. Developed at IBM's Hursley, UK, laboratory under the code name Redwing.[56] It was an up to 857 MB full height 5-inch HDD using up to 12 130 mm disks. It was the first HDD to use PRML decoding of data.[1] It was the drive component of the 9333 Disk Drive Subsystem which first shipped in early 1992. A higher density, 1.07 GB, version was incorporated into the 9333 subsystem in May 1992.
[57]

[edit]IBM

0663

The 0663 first shipped in late 1991. Developed under the code name "Corsair", it was a fullheight (1-inch high) 3-inch HDD with up to 1 GB on up to 8 95 mm disks.[58] It was offered as a feature on certain models of the PS/2 and RS/6000.[58] It was the first OEM disk drive to use MR Heads.[1]
[edit]IBM

0664

The 0664 first shipped in November 1992. Developed under the code name "Allicat" at IBM Rochester, MN, it was a tall (3.25-inch high) 3-inch HDD with up to 2.013 GB capacity on up to 8 95 mm disks.[59]

[edit]IBM

0662

The 0662 first shipped in June 1993. Developed under the code name "Sptifire" at IBM Rochester, MN, it was a full-height (1-inch high) 3-inch HDD with up to 4 GB on up to 8 95 mm disks.[60][59] It was the HDD internal to the 9336 Disk Unit and the 9337 Disk Array.[59]
[edit]The

floppy disk drive

See also: History of the floppy disk. Another important IBM innovation is the floppy disk drive. IBM first introduced the 8-inch FDD in 1971 as a read only program load device. In 1973 IBM shipped its first read/write floppy disk drive as a part of the 3740 Data Entry System. IBM established early standards in 8" FDDs but never sold such products separately so that the industry then developed separate from IBM.
[edit]"Star"

Series of HDDs

On October 17, 1994, IBM's Storage Systems division announced three new families of hard disk drives, the Travelstar 2-inch family for notebooks, the Deskstar 3-inch family for desktop applications and the Ultrastar 3-inch family for high performance computer system applications.[6]
[edit]IBM's

first HDD versus its last HDDs

The following table compares IBM's first HDD, the RAMAC 350, with the last three models it manufactured in each of its "Star" series of OEM HDDs. It illustrates HDD's spectacular decline in cost and size along with corresponding improvement in capacity and performance.
Ultrastar 146Z10[61][62] Deskstar 180GXP[63][64] Travelstar 80GN[65][66] 46-year improvement (maximum)

Parameter (units)

RAMAC 350[7]

Announced

Sep 1956

Jul 2002

Oct 2002

Nov 2002

Capacity (gigabytes)

0.004

146

180

80

48,000

Dimensions (inches)

606829

415.75

415.75

2.750.383.95

Dimensions (mm)

15017070

10225146

10225146

709.5100

Volume (in)

118,320

23

23

29,161

Volume (litres)

1,939

0.4

0.4

0.1

Weight (lbs)

2,140

1.7

1.4

0.2

1,244

Weight (kg)

971

0.8

0.64

0.095

Power (watts)

8100 BTUs/hour (i.e., 2374 watts),[67] up to 5500 kVA depending upon model[68]

16

10.3

1.85

1,283

Power density (megabytes/watt)

0.0016

9,125

17,476

43,243

27,375,856

List price (US$)

57,000

1200

360

420

Price/megabyte (US$)

15,200

0.0082

0.0020

0.0053

7,600,000

Density (megabits/in)

0.002

26,263

46,300

70,000

35,000,000

Density (kilobits/mm)

0.003

40,708

71,765

108,500

Volume density (gigabytes/in)

0.00000003

20

622,100,131

Volume density (megabytes/mm)

0.000002

388

478

1,203

Latency (msec)

Average seek time (msec)

600

5.9

10.2

12

102

Data rate (megabytes/sec) [edit]

0.001

103

29.4

43.75

11,719

Hard disk drive fan assembly removal and installation - ThinkStation S20 (type 4105, 4157, 4217)

Attention: Do not open your computer or attempt any repair before reading and understanding the "Important safety information" in the ThinkStation Safety and Warranty Guide that came with your computer. Your computer might have a hard disk drive fan assembly installed. To replace the hard disk drive fan assembly:

1.
2.

Remove the computer cover. See "Cover removal". Locate the hard disk drive fan assembly. The hard disk drive fan assembly is attached to the side of the hard disk drive bay.

3.
4.

Disconnect the hard disk drive fan assembly cable from the system board. See "Locating parts on the system
board".

Press the two latches on the hard disk drive fan assembly bracket and then slide the fan assembly bracket free from the chassis.

5.

Connect the new hard disk drive fan assembly cable to the hard disk drive fan assembly connector on the system board.

6.

Install the new hard disk drive fan assembly bracket into the chassis by aligning the four latches (1) on the bracket with the corresponding holes in the chassis and pushing the bracket inward until it snaps into position.

7.

Go to "Completing the FRU replacement".

Purchase parts online

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Hard Disk Drive Assembly Explorer

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Credit: SHEILA TERRY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Caption: Computer hard disk assembly. Component parts of a hard disk showing the outer aluminium casing (top), the hard disk platter and read/write head (centre), and the controller electronics (bottom). Data are stored on (written) and recalled from (read) the hard disc by changing the electromagnetism of the platter, which is coated with magnetic material. The read/write head (metal arm at centre) can move over the spinning platter 50 times per second. The electronic circuitry controls the movement of the read/write head and the motor that spins the platter. It also organizes the assembly of magnetic domains on the platter in which data are stored. Release details: Model and property releases are not available Keywords: circuit, circuitry, components, computer data storage, control, controller, database, disc, electromagnetic, electromagnetism,electronic, electronics, exploded view, hard disk assembly, high-tech, magnetic, material, memory, metal, platter, read/write head, store, technology High-resolution files: Approved customers can download high-resolution files directly from the site. A licence fee will be charged for the images used in your project.

hat is a Hard Disk Drive?: The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are stored in the hard disk drive.

The Hard Disk Drive is Also Known As: HDD (abbreviation), hard drive, hard disk, fixed drive, fixed disk, fixed disk drive Important Hard Disk Drive Facts: The hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C: drive" due to the fact that Microsoft Windows designates the "C" drive letter to the primarypartition on the primary hard drive in a computer by default. While this is not a technically correct term to use, it is still common. For example, some computers have multiple drive letters (i.e. C, D, E) representing areas across one or more hard drives. Popular Hard Disk Drive Manufacturers: Seagate, Western Digital, Hitachi Hard Disk Drive Description: A hard drive is usually the size of a paperback book but much heavier. The sides of the hard drive have pre drilled, threaded holes for easy mounting in the 3.5 inch drive bay in the computer case. Mounting is also possible in a larger 5.25 inch drive bay with an adapter available at computer supply stores. The hard drive is mounted so the end with the connections faces inside the computer. The back end of the hard drive contains a port for a cable that connects to themotherboard. The type of cable used will depend on the type of drive but is almost always included with a hard drive purchase. Also here is a connection for power from the power supply. Most hard drives also have jumper settings on the back end that define how the motherboard is to recognize the drive when more than one is present. These settings vary from drive to drive so check with your hard drive manufacturer for details. Common Hard Disk Drive Tasks: Here are some common things you might do that involve a hard disk drive:

Test a Hard Drive Replace a Hard Drive Format a Hard Drive Partition a Hard Drive Change a Hard Drive's Letter Hard Disk Drive Resources Test Your Hard Drive With Free Software How To Replace a Hard Drive Related Articles

DIY: Installing a Primary IDE Hard Drive Optical Disc Drive - What is an Optical Disc Drive? - CD Drive - DVD Drive ... Floppy Disk Drive - What is a Floppy Disk Drive? - 3 1/2 Disk - 5 1/4 Disk DIY: Installing a Second IDE Hard Drive BIOS Settings - Drives, Boot Order and Clearing the CMOS