GLOSSARY OF ESL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS --GLOSSRIO DE SIGLAS E TERMOS RELATIVOS AO ENSINO E AO ESTUDO DE INGLS AAAL - American Association

for Applied Linguistics AAIEP - American Association of Intensive English Programs AASB - Association of American Schools of Brazil AASSA - Association of American Schools of South America AAVE - African American Vernacular English. O mesmo que "Black English", "Ebonics", "Black Vernacular English". ABRATES - Associao Brasileira de Tradutores ACCESS - Auxiliary Closed Captioned English with Simplified Spelling ACCET - Accrediting Council of Continuing Education & Training ACT - Australian Capital Territory ACT - American College Testing's Examination - an evaluation test for undergraduate admission to colleges and universities in the U.S., equivalent to the SAT (exame de avaliao para cursos de graduao em universidades norteamericanas, eqivalente ao SAT). ACT ASSET - ACT Assessment of Skills for Successful Entry and Transfer ACTFL - American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages ACT PEP - ACT Proficiency Examination Program AE - American English AIESEC - Association Internationale des Etudiants en Sciences Economiques et Commercial. Organizao internacional que desde 1950 promove intercmbio de jovens estudantes e profissionais recm-formados nas reas de economia e administrao predominantemente. ALEC - Association of Language Excellence Centres (England) ALM - Audio-Lingual Method - a widely used language teaching approach popular in the 50s and 60s based structuralism and behaviorism. Classroom activities are primarily rote memorization and habit formation. ALTE - Association of Language Testers in Europe. Veja tambm. AmE - American English APIRS - Associao dos Professores de Ingls do Rio Grande do Sul AQA - Assessment and Qualifications Alliance rgo britnico que emite certificados de qualificao profissional, inclusive de proficincia em ingls. ARELS - Association of Recognised English Language Schools (est.1940). An inspecting body for EFL/ESL/ESOL schools in the U.K. ARELS merged with FELCRO in the 1980s. Associao de escolas de ingls para estrangeiros na Inglaterra. A escola paga aproximadamente 1000 libras esterlinas por ano para tornar-se membro. ARELS/FELCRO SCHOOLS - Schools which have been inspected by these two bodies, which merged in the 1980s. AYUSA - Academic Year in the USA. Uma organizao norte-americana sem fins lucrativos, sediada em So Francisco, Califrnia, que oferece programas de intercmbio para jovens adolescentes (15 a 18 anos). BA - Bachelor of Arts. A common undergraduate degree (4 years of college). Ttulo de graduao. BAAL - British Association of Applied Linguistics BALEAP - British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes BASCELT - the British Associaton of State Colleges in EFL Teaching represents state-owned EFL institutions in the U.K. BATQI - British Association of TESOL Qualifying Institutions, a voluntary non profit association of UK educational institutions which offer courses leading to ESL/EFL teaching qualifications. Provides information to those seeking routes to becoming qualified TESOL professionals, maintains a code of practice for institutions offering TESOL programs and publishes a register of TESOL courses. Membership includes institutions offering courses ranging from short courses to PhD's. Fifteen non-teaching organizations with an interest in teacher qualifications are currently represented on the BATQI Advisory Council (ARELS, BAAL, BALEAP, the British Council, Accreditation Unit, CfBT, the College of Preceptors, the English Speaking Union; IATEFL, IELTDHE, NATECLA, RSA Examinations Board, SATEFL, Trinity College London, and UCLES). BBC - British Broadcasting Company

BC - British Council BC - British Columbia, Canadian State on the west coast BE - Black English. Dialeto falado predominantemente por norte-americanos de raa negra. BEC - Business English Certificate - a set of three examinations by the University of Cambridge - BEC Preliminary, BEC Vantage, BEC Higher - designed to test English language ability used in the context of business. BrE - British English BRITISH COUNCIL - a British information organization similar to USIS BS - Bachelor of Sciece. A common undergraduate degree (4 years of college). Ttulo de graduao. BVT - Bilingual Vocational Training CAE - Certificate of Advanced English - the fourth of Cambridge's series of exams. Um dos 5 exames (nvel 4) de avaliao de proficincia em ingls do sistema da Universidade de Cambridge, Inglaterra. CAH - Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis CALI - Computer-Assisted Language Instruction - Instruction in a second or foreign language provided via computer and intended to supplement (not replace) what is taught by a live teacher. CALL - Computer-Assisted Language Learning. Veja CALL na grade curricular dos cursos de letras. CAMBRIDGE EXAMS - Examinations of English proficiency leading to certificates of proficiency, popular in the U.K., Europe, the Middle East, and other areas. CAN - Communicative Acquisitionist Naturalistic. A theory of language instruction based on a group of mutually supportive theories CanE - Canadian English CAPLS - Canadian Association of Private Language Schools CAT - Computer Adaptive Testing CBT - Computer-Based Test or Computer-Based TOEFL CCLB - Centre for Canadian Language Benchmarks. CCLB is a national, not-forprofit organization providing standards for assessing adult English as a Second Language in Canada. CCSE - Certificates in Communicative Skills in English. CCSE test the ability of candidates to use English communicatively in the four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. Each of the skills is assessed separately and can be entered for at any of four levels Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4. Level 1 corresponds approximately to PET, Level 2 to a grade C/D in FCE, Level 3 approximates to the level of CAE and Level 4 to a grade B/C of CPE. CEELT - Cambridge Examination in English for Language Teachers. Tests the English competency of non-native teachers of English. CEIBT - Certificate in English for International Business and Trade. Tests for high level English competency for the workplace. CELT - Comprehensive English Language Test CELTA - Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults (Cambridge/RSA Teaching Certificate, formerly known as C-TEFLA) CELTYL - Certificate in English Language Teaching to Young Learners in Language Schools CfBT - Centre for British Teachers CILTS - Cambridge Integrated Language Teaching Schemes (UCLES) CLBA - Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment CLL - Community Language Learning. Mtodo de ensino de lnguas desenvolvido por Charles Curran, baseado em tcnicas de aconselhamento psicolgico. CLT - Communicative Language Teaching. Communicative Language Teaching, tambm chamado Communicative Approach ou Functional Approach, a verso britnica do movimento iniciado no incio da dcada de 60 em reao ao audiolingualismo. CNN - Cable News Network - the 24-hour US TV news service with world coverage, based in Atlanta, Georgia. COTE - Certificate for Overseas Teachers of English - one of the certificate programs for teachers from the University of Cambridge. It was designed for non-native speakers of English and has been raplaced by the ICELT in 2005.

CPE - Certificate of Proficiency in English - the fifth and the most advanced of Cambridge's series of exams (roughly comparable to a score of 600-650 on the TOEFL). The CPE is the exam which many British universities request of foreign students. O mais avanado dos 5 exames de avaliao de proficincia em ingls do sistema da Universidade de Cambridge, Inglaterra. CSIET - Council on Standards for International Educational Travel. Organizao norte-americana sem fins lucrativos que estabelece padres para programas de viagens educacionais e programas de intercmbio para adolescentes em high school. C-TEFLA - Certificate of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults (Cambridge University). DAT - Dental Admission Testing DC - District of Columbia DELTA - Diploma in English Language Teaching to Adults (Cambridge/RSA Language Teaching Scheme, to replace the D-TEFLA in September 1998) DOTE - Diploma for Overseas Teachers of English - one of the teaching awards by the University of Cambridge for teachers who are non-native speakers of English. It was designed for non-native speakers of English and has been raplaced by the DELTA and the IDLTM in 2005. D-TEFLA - Diploma of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults (University of Cambridge). EAD - English as an Academic Discourse - acronym used by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Refers to college courses designed to assist students who have difficulty reading, writing, or speaking English for academic purposes. EAP - English for Academic Purposes EBE - English for Business and Economics ECCE - Exam for the Certificate of Competency in English (Michigan University) targeted at a lower level ECPE - Exam for the Certificate of Proficiency in English (Michigan University) targeted at a higher level. EEP - English for Employment Purposes EFL - English as a Foreign Language EGP - English for General Purposes EIL - English as an International Language ELICOS - English Language Intensive Courses to Overseas Students. The ELICOS Association is the national professional association of accredited and government registered centres teaching English to overseas students in Australia. ELIU - British Council English Languge Information Unit ELT - English Language Teaching/Training ENL - English as a Native Language EOP - English for Occupational Purposes EPP - English for Professional Purposes ESL - English as a Second Language. ESLAT - English as a Second Language Assessment Test. Um teste de avaliao de proficincia em ingls semelhante ao TOEFL, ministrado pela University of Wisconsin. ESOL - English for Speakers of Other Languages ESP - English for Specific/Special Purposes ESS - English for Social Sciences EST - English for Science and Technology ETS - Educational Testing Service EVP - English for Vocational Purposes FCE - First Certificate in English - the third of Cambridge's series of exams (roughly comparable to a score of 500 on the TOEFL and 5.7 on the IELTS). FELCRO - Federation of English Language Course Organizations (Established in 1972). An inspecting body for EFL/ESL/ESOL schools in the U.K. FELCRO merged with ARESL in the 1980s. FFS - Family Financial Statement FLES - Foreign Language in Elementary School GED - General Educational Development Test. A high school equivalency exam of the American Council on Education's (ACE) Center for Adult Learning and

Educational Credentials. Exame equivalente ao supletivo no Brasil. GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test. The GMAT measures general verbal, mathematical, and analytical writing skills and currently consists of nine separately timed sections: seven 25-minute multiple-choiche sections and two separately timed 30-minute writing tasks. The total testing time is 4 hours. Teste de admisso a programas de mestrado e doutorado de universidades norte-americanas na rea de Administrao de Empresas. Ministrado pelo ETS, o mesmo instituto que ministra o TOEFL. Atualmente o custo do GMAT de US$190, podendo ser feito no Brasil nas cidades de Belo Horizonte, Braslia, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e So Paulo. GNVQ - General National Vocational Qualification; UK GPA - Grade Point Average. Mdia total geral de notas escolares, expressa numa escala de 0 a 4. Para converter uma mdia expressa numa escala de 0 a 10 para uma escala de 0 a 4, divide-se o valor por 2,5. Por exemplo, se sua mdia total geral for 8, equivale a um GPA de 3.2. GRE - Graduate Record Examination - an evaluation test for graduate admission to colleges and universities in the U.S. (exame de avaliao de conhecimentos para admisso a cursos de ps-graduao em universidades norte-americanas). G-TELP - General Tests of English Language Proficiency. O G-TELP um exame de avaliao de proficincia em ingls semelhante ao TOEFL e ministrado pela Universidade Estadual de San Diego. IAESTE - International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience. Organizao ligada UNESCO, voltada ao intercmbio cultural e profissional em reas tcnicas e cincias exatas. IATEFL - International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language ICELT - In-service Certificate in English Language Teaching. Substitui o antigo Certificate for Overseas Teachers of English (COTE). IDLTM - International Diploma in Language Teaching Management. The most advanced of the of the University of Cambridge ESOL teaching awards. IDP - International Development Programme (for Australian Universities and Colleges). IDP Education Australia is a not-for-profit company owned by Australia's Universities and key recruiter of international students to Australia. IELTDHE - Institute for English Language Teacher Development in Higher Education (UK) IELTS - International English Language Testing System. Veja tambm. Most UK universities specify an IELTS score as an entrance requirement for non-native speakers. IELTS is jointly managed by The British Council, The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) and IDP Education Australia. (Equivalente britnico ao TOEFL; exame que avalia o desempenho em Ingls de estrangeiros que pretendem estudar em universidade britnica) IIE - Institute of International Education, an American agency that promotes higher education and the exchange of students and professors worldwide. ILE - Ingls como Lngua Estrangeira ILSA - Independent Language Schools Association - Associao de 18 escolas de idiomas independentes de So Paulo. IPA - International Phonetic Association - A society founded in France in 1886 that seeks to promote the science of phonetics and its practical applications. K12 - Kindergarten - 12th grade. Refere-se formao educacional do indivduo, desde jardim de infncia at a concluso do ensino mdio. KET - Key English Test - The most elementary of Cambridge's series of exams L1 - Language 1 (the native language; a lngua me) L2 - Language 2 (the target language; a lngua que se procura estudar ou assimilar) LAD - Language Acquisition Device. A model of language learning in wich a child is credited with an innate predisposition to acquire linguistic structure. LAURELS - Latin American Union of Registered English Language Schools LCCIEB - London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Examinations Board. rgo britnico que emite certificados de qualificao profissional, inclusive de proficincia em ingls. LEP - Limited English Proficient LINC - Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada

LL - Language Learning LLBA - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts LSAT - Law School Admission Test MAT - Miller Analogies Test MATESL - Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Second Language (uma das mais altas graduaes para professores de Ingls) MBA - Master of Business Administration MCAT - Medical College Admission Test ME - Middle English MELAB - Michigan English Language Assessment Battery MLA - Modern Language Association of America - The major professional organization of US college and university teachers of English and modern languages. Publisher of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. MT - Machine Translation. Traduo via software de computador. MT - Mother Tongue - O mesmo que L1 MTELP - Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency NAFSA - Association of International Educators. Promotes the exchange of students and scholars to and from the United States) NATECLA - National Association for Teaching English and other Community Languages to Adults (UK) NATESOL - National Association of Teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages NCTE - National Council of Teachers of English NCVQ - National Council for Vocational Qualifications NEAS - National ELICOS Accreditation Scheme, an Australian organization. NEST - Native English Speaking Teacher NL - Native Language - O mesmo que L1 e MT NLP - Neurolinguistic Programming NLLIA - National Languages an Literacy Institute of Australia NNEST - Non-Native English Speaking Teacher NNL - Non-Native Language NNS - Non-Native Speaker NS - Native Speaker NVQ - National Vocational Qualification; UK OE - Old English OED - Oxford English Dictionary - o mais completo dicionrio da lngia inglesa, contendo mais de 500 mil entradas em 20 volumes. editado pela Oxford University Press. OET - Occupational English Test - an Australian language test for overseas qualified medical and health professionals seeking admittance to training programs or in order to practice their profession in Australia and whose first language is not English. OPI - Oral Proficiency Interview (by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) OUDLE/AET - Oxford University Delegacy of Local Examinations/Arels Examinations Trust (UK) PET - Preliminary English Test - The second of Cambridge's series of exams. PIE - Pacific Intercultural Exchange. Uma organizao norte-americana sem fins lucrativos, sediada em San Diego, Califrnia, que oferece programas de intercmbio para jovens adolescentes (15 a 18 anos). RELSA - Recognised English Language Schools Association - An association of 18 EFL schools in England. RP - Received Pronunciation - refers to a variety of British English dialects representing the accent of educated BrE, and popularly known as the King's English, the Queen's English, BBC English, Oxford English, and Public School English. RPG - Role Playing Games RSA - Royal Society of Arts (also RSA Examinations Board); UK RSA/Cambridge C-TEFLA - Certificate of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults. A professional qualification for prospective EFL teachers. RSA/Cambridge D-TEFLA - Diploma of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Advanced qualification for EFL teachers who have already completed

the C-TEFLA. SAE - Standard American English SAT - Scholastic Assessment (Aptitude) Test - an evaluation test for undergraduate admission to colleges and universities in the U.S. (exame de avaliao de conhecimentos para cursos de graduao em universidades norteamericanas). The SAT is a three-hour test that measures verbal and mathematical abilities. SATEFL - Scottish Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language SCT - Sociocultural Theory - a theory of human development based on Vygotsky's work. SEVIS - Student and Exchange Visitor Information System - the new system developed by the U.S. Government to keep track of all exchange visitors (J visas) and international foreign students (F & M visas) during their stay in the United States. SEVIS replaced an old manual, paper-driven procedure and is now automated in real time; accurate information is updated and maintained through the use of a web-based application. SEVIS has enabled schools and exchange program sponsors to transmit electronic information and event notifications, via the internet, to the Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Department of State. SFL - Systemic Functional Linguistics. A theory of language centred on language functionality. SLA - Second Language Acquisition SLACC/I - Second Language Acquisition through Classroom Communication/Interaction SOLOM - Student Oral Language Observation Matrix - a matrix of descriptions used to assess an English learner's oral proficiency, developed by the California Department of Education. Um sistema de avaliao de proficincia oral em ingls usado no estado da Califrnia, EUA. SSS - Simplified Spelling Society STT - Student Talkink Time. O tempo que o(s) aprendiz(es) fala em uma situao de sala de aula. SVQ - Scottish Vocational Qualifications TA - Teaching Assistant TEAP - Teaching English for Academic Purposes TEFL - Teaching English as a Foreign Language TEFLA - Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults TEFOL - Teaching English as a Foreign Language TEIL - Teaching English as an International Language TESL - Teaching English as a Second Language TESOL - 1)Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages; 2)Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (professional organization) TESP - Teaching English for Specific/Special Purposes TEYL - Teaching English to Young Learners TKT - Teaching Knowledge Test, a new test about teaching English to speakers of other languages by the University of Cambridge that corresponds to very basic skills. Mais um dos muitos exames da Cambridge University. o menos avanado de uma nova gerao de exames que conferem um certificado para ensino de ingls. TL - Target Language. Lngua-alvo; a lngua estrangeira que se deseja aprender. TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language. Test to measure English skills of prospective entrants to most U.S.and Canadian universities, and also accepted by several British universities. (Exame que avalia o desempenho em ingls de estrangeiros que pretendem estudar em universidades norte-americanas ou canadenses. Tambm aceito por vrias universidades britnicas). TOEIC - The TOEIC (pronounced "toe-ick") is a Test of English for International Communication. It is broken down into two halves: reading and listening comprehension. Employees of international businesses, recruits and business students might take the test, as it is primarily used for recruitment, evaluation purposes. The TOEIC is not a test for admission to universities for students that are not native to the host country (as are the TOEFL, the IELTS and the CPE). College students, graduates and business people may take the TOEIC in their

home countries for all sorts of reasons except academic administration. (The TOEIC seems to be most popular in Japan) TOT - (tip-of-the-tongue) refers to the difficulty of not having the right word come readily to mind. TPR - Total Physical Response. Mtodo de ensino de lnguas desenvolvido por James Asher e baseado em atividade fsica em resposta a comandos proferidos na lngua estrangeira. TRINITY COLLEGE CERTIFICATE TESOL - A professional qualification certificate for prospective EFL teachers, available in the U.K. TSE - Test of Spoken English. A TOEFL-related test. Um dos complementos do TOEFL. TTT - Teacher Talking Time. O tempo que o professor fala em uma situao de sala de aula. TWE - Test of Written English. A TOEFL-related test. Um dos complementos do TOEFL. UCLA - University of California at Los Angeles UCLES - The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate. The Cambridge Examinations governing body. UK - United Kingdom (Reino Unido) ULCA - University Language Centres Australia. ULCA is a network of twentyeight universities in Australia which offer English language courses to international students. USIA - United States Information Agency. A U.S. government agency for dissemination of information. USIS - United States Information Service. A U.S. government agency for dissemination of information overseas. Related to the USIA. USMLE - United States Medical Licensing Examination. Exame para estudantes de medicina estrangeiros que querem fazer residncia mdica ou ps-graduao nos EUA. VESL - Vocational English as a Second Language. A specialized branch of ESL that deals with English language skills needed in the workplace. YLE - Young Learners English Tests. Cambridge tests to assess the English of primary learners between the ages of 7 and 12. ZPD - Zone of Proximal Development. Term used by Vygotsky when referring to the potential cognitive development in a social setting providing collaborative and non-intrusive assistance. Termo criado por Vygotsky para referir-se ao potencial de aprendizado da pessoa quando assistida por algum de maior experincia. Esta pgina cortesia de Schtz & Kanomata, ESL www.sk.com.br E-mail: emb@sk.com.br