BLASTING GUIDANCE MANUAL By Michael F. Rosenthal and Gregory L. Morlock With contributions by John L. H. Simmance, James W. Reil, G. Alan Foster, ‘Thomas W. Novotny, and Dennis A. Clark March 1987 Ww BLASTING GUIDANCE MANUAL PRESENTED WITH THE COMPLIMENTS OF VIBRA-TECH ENGINEERS. This Document was produced under contract to the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, by Vibra-Tech Engineers, inc Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORFigure 1. Surface Mine Blasts. ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. .. 0.44. CHAPTER 1 Pre-Blast Surveys. CHAPTER 2 Blast Vibrations: Basic Principles and Parameters....++++ CHAPTER 3 Control of Adverse Effects. ....seeeeeeeeeees Airblast eee Glyeack ees eee Ground Motion. ...eseeeeeeseeeeeeeereees CHAPTER 4 Damage. . Definition of Damage... Airblast Damage...e..csseeeeeeees Flyrock Damage......+ Ground Motion Damage. CHAPTER 5 Human Subjective Tolerance... CHAPTER 6 Causes of Excessive Adverse Effects Airblast......eee+ Flyrock. Ground Motion... CHAPTER 7 Vibration Monitoring. Airblast Monitori Ground Motion Monitoring, CHAPTER 8 Instrumentation... The Peak Recorder..-.++ee++4+ ‘The Waveform Recorder...... +++ iii u 35 39 39 42 43 45 45 48‘Table of Contents - Contd. PAGE CHAPTER 9 Compliance Options Available to the Operator......sss000. 73 Option 1: Maximum Peak Particle Velocity..........0002 74 Option 2: Scaled Distance Equation.....ssseessssseeees 75 Option 3: Modified Scaled Distance....s.....0+ + 76 Option 4: Blasting Level Chart......eseseeseceseseeeee 80 CHAPTER 10 Prediction and Control Methods...+..ssssseseeteseeseeeees 85 Predictive data: Usage for Modified DS.....essssesee+ 88 Predictive data: Usage for Blasting Level Chart and General Predictive Purposes...s.sssseseesseseees 90 CHAPTER 11 Frequency Considerations. . tee od) CHAPTER 12 Record Keeping....+++eseeeee eee 101) CHAPTER 13 Citizen Interests.. Rights and protections under OSMRE regulations. 109 The prevention of injury to persons. 0 The prevention of damage to property... i Pre-Blast SUIVeyS....+..es sees ponccn HE} Blasting times and schedules..........005 cesses 114 Perceived blast vibration effects...... sevens TS Actual blast vibration effects......seccceeseeeeeeeees 116 ANNOYANCE. seeeeeeeeeeseereceeseeeennen ii, Actual blast damage criteria...... Specific complaint procedures..... Regulatory Authorities..... APPENDIX ‘At Regression Analysis... Notes on data collec Notes on data recording........ccceeeee OSMRE approved regression analysis program: LISTING... 135 Oe eal ee iad OSMRE approved regre: USE. 150 OSMRE approved regression analysis program: EXAMPLE... 151 Notes on Vibra~Tech regression analysis progran. 156 Example of Vibra~Tech regression analysis (same as in OSMRE program above).....-..+. + 158 Example of regression curve (VIE analysis same data).. 161 iv Table of Contents - Contd. APPENDIX 'A' (Continued) Example of "Blaster Aid" Curve (VIE analysis etc.)...-... 162 Vibra~Tech regression analysis calculator program.......+ 163 APPENDIX 'B' Useful Formulae...-.+.+eeeeeee + 169 APPENDIX 'C* 7S Glossary.....+ APPENDIX 'D' Bibliography. TLUUSTRATIONS AND FIGURES 1, Surface Mine Blasts. 2. Pre-blast Survey: Documenting defects. 3 3. ‘Tape recording defects... eens 7 4. Pre-prepared inspection form. 8a 5. Pre-prepared inspection form. 8b 6. Surface and body waves uu 7. ‘Types of ground motion vibrational waves. 12. 8. Compression, tension and shearing effects.. 13 9. Vibration parameter relationships..... 5 it 10. Relationship between dB linear and psi v7 LL. Explosive casting...+s++eseeeeeereee 20 12. Alternative blasting level criteria..... Beeeeeee 28 13. Good public relations efforts assist subjective problems. 36 14. Weather effects on airblast...... 15. Weather effects on airblast....... 16. | Weather effects on airblast......... 17. Weather effects on airblast.... 40 18. Proper stemming effectively reduces airblast...... aL 19. Field monitoring....+++eeeeseereeees eee 46 20. Monitoring ground motion and air blast... 48 21. Instrument placement....++++++ eos 49 22. Sandbag & spike transducer head to achieve g¢ 51 23. Dallas Instruments VS-3.. 63 24. Dallas Instruments BI-4.... 63 25. Dallas Instruments ST-4.. 64 26. Dallas Instruments ST-4D... 64 27(a). Digital Vibration Teleblast. 65 27(b). Digital Vibration Teleblast 88 27(c). Digital Vibration Teleblast.