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Each type of traffic has to be estimated for capacity calculations. Here is a rough downlink capacity calculation example: During a busy hour an average user downloads 10 Mbits with 384 kbits/s, 2 Mbits with 144 kbits/s and makes one 60-second voice call. Data has to be retransmitted 1.1 times because of network conditions. Used kbits/s per user per busy hour downlink only are: Service Rate Average Rate
(10000 kbits / 3600 sec) x 1.1*) (2000 kbits / 3600 sec) x 1.1*) (60sec x 12.2 kbits/s) / 3600 sec Total
3.06 kbits/s 0.61 kbits/s 0.20 kbits/s 3.87 kbits/s / user / busy hour
If a cell capacity is estimated to be 500 kbits/s, each cell can be dimensioned for about 129 users. This example was simplified, but please remember when you see capacity estimations with various traffic mixes, that those are just estimations. Notice how sensitive the capacity is to variations of download amount, retransmit rate and estimated cell capacity values. Before UMTS networks are on air and customers start to use high speed services, network capacity calculations are anybody's guess! Even when the capacity calculations are done in a very beginning, normally the mobile networks are initially planned to meet the coverage objectives. Capacity sites and transceiver upgrades are installed later, once the real traffic load is known. In the early 1990s most of capacity requirements of new 2G networks were initially over-estimated, partly because operators needed to present (over-) optimistic business plans to secure the funding and partly because nobody knew how much people would use their phone on certain price levels. Generally busy hour Erlangs per subscribers were not what was originally anticipated, and this tendency is likely to continue in 3G.
*) Above formula is just a rough guide. The correct formula for is Effective traffic = User traffic / (1-p), (where p is the loss probability) considering the fact that retransmissions may take place more than once. Thanks ke!
5. Radio Access Network Design 6. Core Network Design 7. Transmission Design 8. The Summary
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