Part 3

Downloaded from Mero Sansar
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lsg n]v]+ d}n] of] lstfk <
dflg;sf] lhGbuL Pp6f gbL xf] . ;d'b|sf] sf]vdf ljnLg geP;Dd

of] gbL aUb} hfg'k5{, slxn] y/y/ sfDg] lxdfnL e]udf t slxn] eTet\
kf]Ng] t/fO{sf] kmf“6df, slxn] 7"N7"nf r§fgdf 7Ss/ vf“b} clg slxn] ulx/f
uN5Lx¿df 8'a'NsL dfb}{ . d Pp6f ;fdfGo gful/s x'“, s'g} klg /fhgLlts
/¨n] dnfO{ /ËfPsf] 5}g . ddf s]xL lrGtg 5 t/ s'g} l;4fGtn] dnfO{
;tfPsf] 5}g . ddf s]xL ljj]s klg 5, dnfO{ s'g} wfld{s ;+sL0f{tfn]
lk/f]n]sf] 5}g . hftLo efjsf] cxd\\n] klg dnfO{ kf]n]sf] 5}g . ;do–;dodf
d]/f] ;f]rsf] wf/ km/s x'g;Snf t/ nIo Pp6} dfq 5, ljj]snfO{ c“ufn]/
zflGtl;t hLjgofkg ug'{ . dgsf] zflGtsf nflu d laxfg p7]/ :joDe"sf]
1fgdfnf ehg ;'Gg hfG5', slxn] kz'kltdf lzjsf] bz{g ug{ hfG5' . o"/f]k
hf“bf rr{df 3'“8f 6]s]/ k|fy{gf u/]sf] 5', chd]/ hf“bf buf{sf] dl:hbdf dfyf
6]s]/ Odfdsf] cfzLjf{b klg lnPsf] 5' . dgdf zflGt h'g;'s} kljq:yndf
uPklg k|fKt x'“bf]/x]5 . To;}n] efiff, hft / wd{sf] ;+s'lrt kvf{n agfP/
d]/f] dgsf] km/flsnf] 6'“l8v]nnfO{ ;f“u'/f] agfpg rfxGg . Psrf]l6 dfq
hlGdg] xfd|f] of] hLjgdf lsg xfdL zflGtl;t af“Rg ;Sb}gf}+ < 8/, qf;, 3[0ff
/ å]ifn] of] cd"No lhGbuLnfO{ lsg xfdLn] b"lift kfg{ vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+ < oL
k|Zg d}n] s;}nfO{ ul//fv]sf] 5}g . pQ/ cfk}+mn] cfk}+m;“u vf]lh/x]sf]] 5' . d]/f
log} k|Zg / pQ/x¿sf] ;“ufnf] xf] of] lstfk . of] d]/f] cfTdsyf xf]Og, g t
xf] e|d0fsf] ;+:d/0f g} . d]/f] dgdf pn]{sf ;f]rsf nx/x¿ / ltgsf
k|ltljDax¿sf] ;+sng xf] of] .
1
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;f]r
k]zfn] d Ps ;fwf/0f pBdL x'“, t/ slxn]sfxL+ ;f]vsf nflu
c+u|]hLdf ;+/If0f / ko{6g ljifodf s]xL n]Vg] u5'{ . b'O—
{ rf/j6f lstfk, s]xL
bh{g n]v / sfo{kqx¿ n]lv;s]klg d}n] cfk"mnfO{ n]vs / ;flxTosf/sf]
¿kdf slxNo} x]g]{ u/]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL efiffdf t Tolt w]/} n]v]s} 5}g d}n] .
t/, clxn] cfP/ g]kfnLd} of] lstfk n]Vg'df Pp6f cy{ 5 . xfn xfd|f] b]z
ljifd kl/l:yltsf sf/0f ;d:o} ;d:ofx¿sf] bnbndf km;]sf] 5,
kl/0ffd:j¿k ;f/f g]kfnLx¿sf] dgdl:tisdf clxn] lg/fzfsf] c“Wof/f]
afbn 5fPsf] 5, h'g a8f] 8/nfUbf] 5 . lhGbuLsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] cfwf/ g}
cfzf xf] . cf; g} x/fof] eg] af“Rg'sf] cy{ /xb}g t/ dnfO{ ljZjf; 5
g]kfndf cfzfnfO{ hufpg ;lsG5 . d]/f] hLjgdf klg cg]s tLtf—dL7f
36gf tyf cf/f]x—cj/f]xx¿ cfP, t/ cGTodf glthf /fd|} ldNof] . o;
lstfkdf d}n] d]/f To:t} ef]ufO / 36gfqmdx¿sf dfWodaf6 jt{dfg
o'jfju{sf nflu s]xL cfzf / ljZjf;sf] lbof] afNg] sf]lz; u/]sf] 5' .
lhGbuLe/ d cfzfjfbL eP/ af“r]+, ;sf/fTds ;f]r g} d]/f] zlQm

lyof] . ;"o{ pbfpg'cl3 /ft kg}{k5{, kfgL k/]kl5 dfq wfg /f]lkG5 . t/
clxn] g]kfndf olt nfdf] /ft k¥of] ls xfdL cfk}+mn] vg]sf] vf8n 7Dofpg
g;s]/ To;}df v:g k'u]sf 5f}+, c“Wof/f]sf sf/0f . z+sf / pkz+sfsf] em/L /
To;af6 l;lh{t e]n—af9Ln] ;f/f b]znfO{ IftljIft kfg{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 .
:ju{h:tf] xfd|f] of] b]z s;/L gs{t'No eof] < s;}n] a'¤g ;s]gg\ . …h]
u/]klg gx'g], cflv/ lsg <,Ú ;f/f dflg; clxn] o:t} dfgl;s kL8fn]
56\k6fO/x]sf 5g\, cfzfsf] s'g} pHofnf] ls/0f sxL+, st} b]lvPsf] 5}g .
;f/f g]kfnL clxn]] xLgtfaf]wn] u|:t 5g\ . Psrf]l6dfq hlGdg] dflg;sf]
lhGbuLdf ;fj{ef}d / /fli6«otfeGbf klg p;nfO{ cfºgf] / ;Gtfgsf] Hofg
Kof/f] x'G5 . zfob oxL sf/0fn] xf]nf, g]kfnaf6 clxn] 7"nf] hgzlQmdfq
xf]Og, cgdf]n k|ltefx¿ klg lbgk|ltlbg knfog x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ / b]z
5f]8\b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . of] :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] / o;sf nflu d pgLx¿nfO{
bf]if lbg klg rfxGg . oBlk a'4 hGd]sf] of] zflGtIf]qdf Psrf]l6 km]l/
zflGtsf k/]jf p8\g] g} 5g\ eGg] cf; rflx+ dfg{ ;lsGg .
2
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;f]r
lhGbuLdf klxnf]kN6 lg/fzfjfbL dgMl:ylt / b[li6sf]0fx¿n] dnfO{

;tfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . h:tf];'s} ePklg cflv/ of] b]z d]/f] hGd:yn xf] / d
d]/f] dft[e"ldnfO{ TofUg ;lSbg . of] d]/f] sd{:yn klg xf], oxL“ d}n] sfd
u/]/ dfd / gfd sdfPsf] 5' . ddf gd?~h]n oxL“ zflGtk"j{s af“Rg]
clenfiff klg 5 . of] d]/f] hGde"ld, sd{e"ld / d/0fe"ld klg xf] . syd\
sbflrt d]/f] of] b]z gs}{ eof]eg] klg, o;leq d}n] :ju{ vf]Hg}k5{ . eG5g\,
;f; eP;Dd cf; x'G5 / ToxL cfzfsf] vf]hL of] lstfkdf ul/Psf] 5 .
t/ g]kfn ;'lgP÷elgPh:tf] vQd ePsf] 5}g . ulxl/P/ ;f]Rg] xf]

eg], ef}lts ljsf;sf b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] b]zk|lt lg/fz x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g .
k|b"lift /fhgLltsf sf/0f clxn] g]kfnLsf] dgdl:tisdf ljZjf;sf] s]xL
cfwf/ x/fPsf] 5 . …jgsf] af3n] eGbf dgsf] af3n] vfG5Ú eg] h:t} of]
b]znfO{ dfgl;s /f]un] ;tfPsf] 5 . dfgl;s ¿kn] t xfdL la/fdL g}
e};s]sf 5f}+ . zfob dGqLx¿ …b]zsf] ;]jf ug{ vf]Hbf jf ul//x“bf klg s:tf]
nf~5gf nufPsf] <Ú eGbf xf]nfg\ . kz'klt IF]qdf dflulx+8\g]x¿;d]t æy'Ss,
s:tf] b]zdf dfUg cfOk'u]5', lrof vfg k'Ug] hlt k};f klg lbg ;Sb}gg\Æ
egL ufnL ubf{ xf]nfg\ . kf“rtf/] xf]6]nb]lv dMdM /]i6'/]G6;Dd, Go'/f]8sf]
kLknaf]6b]lv v'nfd~r;Dd klg o:t} ljt[i0ffsf s'/fx¿ ;'Gg kfOG5g\\ .
x/]s IF]qdf clxn] lg/fzfsf] c“Wof/f] afbn 5fPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo If]q xf];\ jf
lzIff, pBf]u xf];\ jf s[lif, hxf“ klg lalu|of] elTsof] eGg] afx]s c¿ s]xL
;'lgb}g . ;~rf/ IF]qsf] klg oxL xfnt 5 . ;/sf/L xf];\ jf u}/;/sf/L,
b}lgs xf];\ jf ;fKtflxs, ;a} kqklqsfdf ;'¿b]lv cGTo;Dd eTs]sf],
lau|]sf], df/]sf] / d/]sf] va/l;jfo c¿ s'g} va/ 5flkb}gg\ .
b]z vQd 5, g]tf e|i6 5g\, sd{rf/L rf]/ 5g\, Jofkf/L 7u 5g\
eGg] ;'uf/6fOn] dfq} b]z p“ef] nfUb}g . xf], xfd|f] b]z clxn] l;ls:t la/fdL
5, o;nfO{ dfgl;s /f]un] g/fd|/L rfk]sf] 5 . h;/L s'g} la/fdLnfO{
h:tf];'s} cf}ifwf]krf/ jf zNolqmof u/]klg, ha;Dd p;df af“R5' eGg] cf;
x'“b}g, pm :j:y x'g ;Sb}g . To;/L g} …of] b]z vQd ePsf] 5}g, xfdLn] oxf“
3
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;f]r
sfd ug{ ;S5f}+, We can make things happen and we can make a differenceÚ
eGg] pT;fxo'Qm k|jn cfTdjn phfu/ gu/];Dd of] b]zsf] /f]u lgsf] x'“b}g .
olb of] b]zdf xfdL g]kfnL eP/ af“Rg] xf] eg] h];'s} / h:tf];'s} kl/l:ylt
ePklg xfd|f] dgf]annfO{ b¥xf] agfpg} k5{ . cGoyf of] /fi6«sf] ;fj{ef}lds
…6fO6flgs hxfhÚ la:tf/}—la:tf/} lxGb dxf;fu/leq ljnLg eP/ hfg]5 .
ls t xfdL d';f eP/ hxfhaf6 efu]/ hfg' k¥of], x}g eg] hxfh;“u} g]kfnL
cl:tTj g} ;vfk kfg]{ u/L 8'a]/ hfg' k¥of] .
o:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn Pj+ ;+qmd0fsfndf klg xfdL ls+st{Joljd"9 e}
al;/xg] xf] eg] xfdLnfO{ s:fn] kf/ nufpnf < ;Lldt ;|f]taf6 c;Lldt
dfux¿ k"/f ug'{kg]{ xfd|f] b]zdf ;d:ofx¿ b]lvg' c:jfefljs x}g . ;d:o}
gePsf] b]z t sxf“ 5 / of] ljZjdf < ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] cg]s
sdLsdhf]/L x'“bfx'“b} klg g]kfndf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ cgGt b]lvG5g\ .
a;\, ltgnfO{ x]g]{ cf“vf rflxof], ;f]Rg] lbdfu rflxof] . o:t} cf; /
ljZjf;af6 clek|]l/t eO{ d}n] of] lstfk n]v]sf] x'“ . g]kfndf s'g} sfd 5}g,
oxf“ s]xL ug}{ ;ls+b}g eGg] gsf/fTds ;f]r af]s]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ d]/f] hLjgdf
cfwfl/t s]xL kl/is[t 36gfqmdx¿n] af6f] b]vfpg]5g\ eGg] cfzf lnPsf]
5' . xftdf bxL hdfP/ a:g] cN5Lx¿sf nflu xf]Og of] lstfk, kl/>d u/]/
sfd ug{ vf]Hg] sd{of]uLx¿sf nflu xf] . g]kfndf w]/} nfos hgzlQm 5,
h;n] cfºgf] …lehgÚ nfO{ …ld;gÚ df kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5, ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{
;S5, clg d]xgt u/]/ ;[hgzLn sfd ug{ ;S5 . ;d:ofaf6 efUg]
eu'jfx¿sf nflu t ;+;f/df sxL+ klg 7fp“ 5}g, t/ r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug]{
JolQmx¿sf nflu of] b]zd} cyfx ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ . dfq vf“rf] 5 ;f]rsf] .
To:tf lg/fz dfG5]x¿sf] dfg;k6ndf Psrf]l6 ;sf/fTds ;f]r hufpg
;lsof] eg] of] b]z pGgltsf] af6f]df cjZo nDsg ;S5 . of] d]/f] ljZjf;
xf] .
d hxf“ uPklg, h;nfO{ e]6]klg ;sf/fTds ;f]rs} s'/f dfq

ul//x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ nfU5, k|f/Dedf Pshgfn] g} eP klg cfzf / ljZjf;sf]
4
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;f]r
aQL c¿sf] dgdf afNg ;Sof] eg] p;n] c¿nfO{, c¿n] c¿sf nflu Hof]lt
afNg] qmd ;'¿ x'g;S5 . :s"n, sn]h, /f]6/L, nfoG; Sna, kqklqsf,
Pkm=Pd=, 6]lnlehg hxf“ klg dnfO{ s]xL af]Ng] df}sf lbOof] eg] …g]kfn
vQd 5}g, xfd|f] eljio /fd|f] 5Ú eGg] vfnsf s'/f u/]/ Multiplier Effect nfO{
kl/rfng ug{ vf]H5' . of] ;f]rnfO{ c¿ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg d}n] Rofgn
g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf …;sf/fTds ;f]rÚ s} gfdaf6 sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{
cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyP“ . ;'ldqf sfo:ysf] k|of;af6 Rofgn g]kfnn] ;f]
sfo{qmddfk{mt bz{sx¿sf] dgdf æP, b]z t lalu|Psf] /x]g5Æ eGg] Pp6f
ljZjf; s]xL xb;Dd hufpg ;Sof] . d}n] of] k':tssf] dfWodaf6
xLgtfaf]wn] u|:t of] b]zdf cfzfsf] Pp6f ;fgf] bLk dfq k|HHjng ug{ ;s]+
eg]klg cfk"mnfO{ wGo 7fG5' . d}n] cl3 g} elg;s]sf] 5', d Jofj;flos
n]vs xf]Og, g t x'“ ;flxTosf/ . n]vg d]/f] k]zf klg xf]Og t/ b]zdf
ljBdfg 8/nfUbf] kl/l:yltnfO{ 6'n'6'n' x]g{ g;s]/ dgdf nfu]sf s]xL
efjgfTds s'/fx¿ cfºgf] Ifdtfn] EofP cg';f/ Pp6f lhDd]jf/ gful/ssf
x}l;otn] ;f]emf] / ;/n kf/fn] v'?Ss n]v]sf] dfq x'“ .
cfTdan k|an eof] eg] SofG;/ /f]unfO{ ;d]t lhTg ;lsG5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ k|rf/ ug{ lj= ;+= @)$# df Pp6f slj ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug]{
ljrf/ u/]sf] lyP“ . cfk"m slj gePsf] / slj ;Dd]ng s;/L cfof]hgf
ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf cfk"m cgle1 ePsf] x'“bf d s]bf/dfg Jolyt / b'uf{nfn
vf]lan'sf] ;xof]u lng uP“ . pxf“x¿ b'a}hgf s[kfk"j{s d]/f] 3/d} cfpg'eof] .
pxf“x¿nfO{ d}n] cfºgf] p2]Zo cjut u/fP“ . SofG;/ /f]ulgbfgsf nflu cf;
/ ljZjf;sf] cfjZostf / dxTjnfO{ pxf“x¿n] klg dx;'; ug'{eof] / o;}
ljifonfO{ lnP/ slj ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ul/lbg] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] . s'/f
ubf{ub}{ ;f] slj ;Dd]ngdf d}n] klg SofG;/ ljifodf cfwfl/t ;fgf]
sljtfjfrg ug]{ dg;fo /fv]+ . lhGbuLsf cToGt b'Mvb 38Lx¿df d}n]
g]kfnL efiffdf hDdf tLgj6f sljtf n]v]sf] lyP“ . ha d}n] lrtjgsf] /fKtL
gbLdf efn] rv]jfsf] lzsf/ ubf{ kf]yLn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] b]v]+, Tot}v]/} n]v]+
d}n] g]kfnLdf klxnf] sljtf . tTkZrft\ d}n] slxNo} lzsf/ gug]{ k|0f u/]sf]
lyP“ . bf];|f] sljtf ;g\ !(*@ df n]v]+, ha d]/f] lhGbuL cToGt} cº7\of/f]
5
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;f]r
df]8af6 u'lh|/x]sf] lyof] / d}n] Pp6f sl7g Pj+ dfld{s lg0f{o lng'k/]sf]
lyof] . t];|f] sljtf To;a]nf n]v]+, ha cys k|of; ubf{ub}{ klg d}n]
SofG;/af6 kLl8t cfºgL wd{kTgL / 5f]/LnfO{ arfpg ;lsg“ . dgdf
efj'stf plDnP/ gc6fPkl5 dfG5] g;f]r]sf, glrtfPsf gof“—gof“ sfdx¿
ug{ klg tD;bf] /x]5 . zfob d]/f sljtfx¿ ltg} efjgfx¿sf cleJolQm
x'g\ . t/ tL sljtf k|sfzgsf nflu geO{, cfºgf] cfTd;Gt'li6sf nflu dfq
n]lvPsf x'“bf d}n] ltgnfO{ 8fo/Ld}} ;Lldt /fv]+ .
b'uf{nfn vf]lan'nfO{ d}n] aRr}b]lv lrg]sf] lyP“ . xfdL Pp6} 6f]ndf
a:g] uYof}{+ . kl5 cnu—cnu 7fp“df a:g uPkl5 xfd|f] e]63f6 ePg .
pxf“n] dnfO{ xf]6]n pBdLsf ¿kdf dfq lrGg'x'GYof] . d]/f] of] gof“
;+nUgtfaf/] pxf“ cgle1 g} x'g'x'GYof] . slj ;Dd]ngdf d klg ;xefuL x'g
vf]h]sf] b]Vbf pxf“ 5Ss kg'{eof] / eGg'eof], æcf]xf] † ltdL klg sljtf
n]V5f} < n, 7Ls 5 7Ls 5, Psrf]l6 ltd|f] sljtf klg ;'gf}+ g t .Æ d';'Ss
xf“;]/ ;+sf]r dfGb} d}n] d]/f] sljtf k9]/ pxf“x¿nfO{ ;'gfP“ . sljtfsf] zLif{s
lyof] …sfn;“usf] n8fO“Ú . sljtf cfºg} 9f“rfsf] ef/]e'/] tfnsf] lyof] .
zAbx¿df s'g} jhg lyPg, ld7f; lyPg . 5Gbdf :t/sf] sdL lyof],
cn+sf/ / cGTofg'k|f; lyPg . tyflk d}n] d]/f] sljtf s]bf/dfg Jolyt /
b'uf{nfn vf]lan'h:tf /fli6«o :t/sf k|l;4 sljåonfO{ ;'gfpg] ;fx;
u/]+ . sljtf / To;sf] k[i7e"ld ;'g]kl5 vf]ljn' ?g' kf] eof] . d Psl5g
csdSs k/]+ . pxf“sf cf“;' b]v]/ d]/f cf“vf;d]t 6nkn x'g yfn] . s]bf/dfg
JolytHo"n] xfdL b'j}hgfnfO{ cfnf]kfnf] u/L x]g'{eof] / Psl5g kl5 xf“;]/
Pp6f o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ k|ltlqmof JoQm ug'{eof], h'g d}n] clxn];Dd klg
la;]{sf] 5}g . pxf“n] eGg'eof] ærfx] sljtf xf];\ jf s'g} n]v, x/]s
k|:t'tLs/0f b'O{ lsl;dn] ug{ ;lsG5—Pp6f zAbsf] lsNnfdf efjgf /fVg]
csf]{ efjgfsf] lsNnfdf zAb 6f“Ug] .Æ 6Dd ;]tf] skfn k'mn]sf c;fwf/0f
JolQmTjsf wgL Jolytn] cfºgf] bflxg] xftn] d]/f] sf“w y'Dy'Dofpb} eGg'eof],
æs0f{hL, tkfO{+sf] of] sljtf efjgfsf] lsNnfdf zAb 6f“Ug] vfnsf] ePsf] x'“bf
b'uf{nfnhL ?g'ePsf] xf] .Æ
6
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;f]r
a;\, of] d]/f] k':tsdf JolytHo"n] eg] h:t} d}n] dgleq pn]{sf
cfºgf] lhGbuLsf /Ët/Ë / cGt/Ëx¿nfO{ lha|f]n] grkfO{ / 3f“6Ldf
gc8\sfO{ ;f]e}m kf]v]sf] 5' . o;df plNnlvt ;Dk"0f{ 36gfx¿ d]/f] hLjgsf
s6' ;Todf cfwfl/t 5g\ / dgsf tL efjgfx¿nfO{ e/;s ;/n efiffdf
JoQm u/]sf] 5' . t;y{ kf7sj[Gbn] d]/f] k|:t'tLs/0fsf] zAb / z}nLdf a9L
Wofg glbO{ d]/f efjgfsf Hjf/ef6fx¿nfO{ a'lemlbg'x'g / o;df s'g} e"n jf
sdLsdhf]/L /x]sf 5g\ eg] Ifdf;d]t ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
cGTodf tfl/kmof]Uo JolQmx¿sf] gfd d}n] of] lstfkdf ;dfj]z
u/]sf] 5' t/ hfgL—hfgL To:tf JolQmljz]ifsf] gfd ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g
h;sf] gfd d}n] pNn]v ubf{ pxf“x¿nfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg{ ;S5 . of]
lstfksf] gf]6 n]vgdf efO ;fsf/ skfnL, sDKo"6/ 6fOkdf efO /fh]Gb| >]i7
/ efiff z'4Ls/0fdf d2t ug]{ d]/f ldq k]zn kf]v/]nnfO{ d wGojfb 1fkg
ug{ rfxG5' ;fy} >4]o e}/j l/;fnHo" / cToGt l;h{gzLn ldq
clgn lrqsf/nfO{ qmdzM g]kfnL / c+u|]hLdf of] lstfkaf/] b'O{ zAb n]lvlbg'
ePsf]df d s[t1tf 1fkg ;d]t ug{ rfxG5' . c:t' ========
s0f{ zfSo ldltM @)^!—
@)^!—^—@*
kl/R5]b—!
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] zlQm
7
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;f]r
æ;a} s'/f e/ k5{ dfq ;f]rdf, ;f]r cg'ejdf, ;f]r b[li6sf]0fdf / ;f]r
lrGtgdf . s[i0fnfO{ xfdLn] s;/L x]g]{ < sd{of]uL eg]/ jf 5nL—sk6L
eg]/ < /fdnfO{ s;/L x]g]{ < dof{bf–k'?if eujfg\ eg]/ jf cfºgL :jf:gL
/fj0fsf] r+u'naf6 arfpg xhf/f}—+ xhf/ jfg/ ;]gfnfO{ anL lbg] :jfyL{ /fhf
eg]/ < uf}td a'4nfO{ s] eGg] < zflGtb"tsf k|tLs jf cfºgL >LdtL /
gfafns 5f]/fnfO{ Tofu]/ lx+8\g] knfogjfbL < To:t} b|f}kbLnfO{ b]jL eGg] jf
kf“rhgf kltsL kTgL eGg] < ch'{gnfO{ s] eGg], wg'wf{/L jL/ jf s0f{sf]
k5fl8 af0f xfgL dfg]{ sfo/ < xfd|} g]kfnsf jL/ u0f]zdfgnfO{ s] eGg] <
k|wfgdGqLsf] kb lbO“bf klg Tofu ug]{ dxfg\ TofuL eGg] jf b]zsf] lhDd]jf/L
jxg ug{ g;Sg] g]tf eGg] < x/]s s'/fnfO{ ;f]Rg] tf}/—tl/sfn] km/s kf5{ .Æ
elgG5, dflg;sf] lbdfu Ps lsnf]u|fd eGbf u¥xf}+ 5}g / cfsf/

x]¥of] eg] Ps d'¶LeGbf 7"nf] 5}g . oBlk of] ;fgf] lbdfu cfsfzeGbf ljzfn
/ ;d'b|eGbf ulx/f] 5 . Ps} kndf ;f/f a|x\df08 g} of] Ps lsnf]u|fd
dl:tisdf ;dflxt x'g;S5 . dflg;sf] lbdfudf ;w}+ b'O{ dxTjk"0f{ tTjsf]
rnv]n x'G5— Pp6f ;sf/fTds / csf]{ gsf/fTds . zfob oxL s6';TonfO{
Wofgdf /fv]/ g} b]jtf / bfgjaLrsf] ;d'b|dGygsf] syf /lrPsf] xf]nf .
wd{sf] efjgf /fvL ;d'b|dGyg u/]sf] x'“bf b]jtfn] cd[t kfP, cwdL{ ;f]rn]
dGyg u/]sf] x'“bf bfgjn] ljif k|fKt u/]sf] x'g;S5 . xfd|f] lbdfudf b]jTj /
bfgjTj b'a}sf] af; 5 . olb xfdL s;}nfO{ lauf/f}+ eGg] b[li6sf]0fn]
dl:tisnfO{ v]nfp“5f}, k|of]u / dGyg u5f}{+ eg] Tof] lbdfun] ljifjdg u5{ .
t/, s;}nfO{ d2t u/f}+, ;kf/f}+ egL ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] xfd|f] dl:tisnfO{
lrGtg, l;h{g ug]{ lbzflt/ ;+rfng / k|of]u u¥of}+ eg] cjZo klg xfd|f]
lbdfuaf6 cd[t lgM;[t x'gyfN5 . ;f“Rr} xfd|f] lbdfu Pp6f crDdsf] h}ljs
d]l;g xf] . o;leq ;f/f ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg c6fPsf x'G5g\\ . o;n] rfx]df
hf] s;}nfO{ laufg{ klg ;S5 / ;kfg{ klg ;S5 .
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;f]r
elgG5, ;dfhdf kf“r jf 5 k|ltzt ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf dflg;

x'G5g\\ / kGw|—;f]¥x k|ltzt gsf/fTds ;f]rsf . clg, pgf;L—c;L k|ltzt
t axsfpdf hfg] of c¿ s;}sf] nx}nx}df nfUg] ;fwf/0f dflg; x'G5g\\ .
olb of] cf“sng ;f“rf] xf] eg] xfdLn] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg}k5{ . /fi6«sf] olt
7"nf] lx:;f — sl/j c;L k|ltzt — dfgjLo zlQmnfO{ kGw| k|ltzt
lg/fzfjfbL JolQmx¿n] k|efljt ug'{eGbf klxn] kf“r k|ltzt cfzfjfbLx¿n]
cfd hgtfsf] ;f]rdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg] sfd yfNg'k5{ . o;n]
;dfhnfO{ /fd|f] af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg d2t k'¥ofp“5 .
…dflg;nfO{ jgsf] af3n] eGbf dgsf] af3n] vfG5Ú eg] e}+m

xLgtfaf]wn] u|:t eO{ g s'g} JolQm af“Rg ;S5, g ;d'bfo, g ;dfh, g t
/fi6« g} . o:tf] ljifd kl/l:yltdf dnfO{ nfU5, hf] sf]xLn] klg cToGt
lrGtgzLn eP/ of] 8/nfUbf] cj:yfaf6 pDsg] pkfo ;f]Rg}k5{ . xfdL oxL
g]kfndf hlGdof}+, oxL+ x'ls{of}+ / oxL b]zdf g} dg]{ dg;fo 5 . o:tf] efjgf
af]sL lx+8\g] b]zk|]dLx¿sf nflu lg/fz eP/ af“Rg' jf:tjdf c;x\o g} x'G5 .
oyfy{df dgnfO{ df/]/ af“Rg' klg x'“b}g . olb of] b]z ;f“Rr} gs{ g} e};s]sf]
5 eg] of] gs{leq :ju{ vf]Hg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] . :ju{ / gs{ xfdL cfk}+mn]
agfpg] xf] . d"v{n] :ju{nfO{ gs{ agfp“5 / a'l4dfg\n] gs{nfO{ :ju{ . x/]s
dflg;sf] zAbsf]zdf :ju{ of gs{sf] kl/efiff km/s—km/s x'G5, lsgeg]
dflg; :jefj}n] :jfyL{ x'G5 / x/]s s'/fnfO{ cfºg} ;f]r / b[li6sf]0fn] dfq
x]g]{ u5{ . ljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] kl/sNkgf u/]/ cljsl;t d'n'sn] ;kgf b]Vg
;Sb}g . lg/fzfjfbsf] d'xfg oxL+af6 ;'¿ x'G5 . l;d;f/ If]qdf lxdfnL
e]udf pknAw x'g] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cf; ug{ ;lsGg . pi0fk|b]zLo
-6«lksn_ hËndf cg]s k|hfltsf af]6la?jf, r/fr'?ËL / hËnL hgfj/
x'G5g\\ eGb}df ;xf/f h:tf] hLjgz"Go d?e"lddf To:t} cfzf /fVg' x'“b}g . t/
hxf“ h:tf];'s} af;:yfg ePklg Toxf“sf] xfjfkfgL, jftfj/0f, kfl/l:ylts
k|0ffnLsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ / ;f] :yfgsf] t'ngfTds nfe (Comparative
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;f]r
Advantage) lng ;lsof] eg] h'g;'s} 7fp“df klg cg's"n jftfj/0f ;[hgf
ug{ ;lsG5 . of] k|s[ltsf] lgod xf] .
cfh xfdL …g]kfn vQd eof]Ú eG5f}+ . s] ;f“Rr} xfd|f] b]z / xfdL
vQd eof}+ t < olb vQd} ePsf xf}+ eg] lsg / s;/L vQd eof}+ < s:fn]
vQd u¥of] < oL s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] ulxl/P/ ;f]Rg'k¥of], a'¤g'k¥of] / a'e]m/
dgg ug{'k¥of] . …sfun] sfg nUof]Ú eGb}df sfg g5fdL sfusf] kl5—kl5
bf}8\g' ePg . klxnf cfºgf] sfg 5fDg'k¥of] . g]kfn clxn] cjZo klg
cK7\of/f] Pj+ cGwsf/do cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 of] a]nf xfdLn] lknlkn]
d}gaQL afn]/ ePklg lg;fl:;g] ;'¿ªdf ljsf;sf pHofnf ls/0fx¿
vf]Hg'k¥of] . Pp6f d}gaQLn] gk'u] csf]{, To;n] klg gk'u] k]ml/ csf]{, o;/L g}
cfzfsf xhf/f}+ d}gaQL afn]/ ;"of]{bo geP;Dd of] c“Wof/f]df xfdLn] pHofnf]
vf]lh/fVg' k¥of] . h:tf];'s} c“Wof/f] ePklg pHofnf] eljiosf] vf]hL, ;fy{s
hLjg / hLjGttfsf] qmd xfdLn] xfd|} b]zdf vf]Hg'k5{ / e]§fpg} k5{ .
xfdLl;t csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
t/ ;'v / ;d[l4 vf]H5' eGb}df cfsfzaf6 tf/f emf/]/ sfG5Lsf]

r'N7f]df ;hfpg] vfnsf ;kgfsf] s'/f ug'{ ePg . o:tf /f]df~rsf/L
kl/sNkgfsf s'/f slj, snfsf/x¿nfO{ 5f]l8lbpm“ . jf:tjd} sd{ ug]{ xf]
eg], oyfy{tf / Jojxf/sf] w/ftndf pleP/ Ifdtf cg';f/ / k|fyldstfsf
qmddf sfd ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] xfdL w]/} ljjz x'g'kg]{ afWotf /x“b}g . ;d:ofx¿
dfq gsf]6\ofO{ Psrf]l6 ;dfwfgsf pkfo klg vf]hf}+ . x/]s ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg kfOG5 . dnfO{ nfU5, cf“vf lrDn]/ PslrQ eP/ r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf
ug]{ xf] eg] s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg e]§fpg ;lsG5 . cfk"m;“u ePsf]
;|f]t, ;fwg / hgzlQm kl/rfng u/]/ klg b]zsf 7"N7"nf sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
lsgeg] ;d:ofsf ;dfwfgx¿ cfsfzdf xf]Og, xfd|} wtL{df xfd|} gfsd'lg
5g\\ . ljsf;sf cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ klxrfg u/]/ b[9tfsf ;fy sfd yfngL ug]{
xf]eg] b]zsf k|rlnt sfg"gL k|fjwfg cGtu{t /x]/ klg ;Lldt cfly{s
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;f]r
;|f]taf6} k|z:t ;[hgzLn sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g}klg sfdsf] yfngL a[xb\
?kd} ul/g'k5{ eGg] d 7flGbg“ .
d ;fgf] 5“bf d]/f] a'af eGg'x'GYof], ædWo/ft eof] eGb}df g8/fpg",

ef]ln k]ml/ ;"o{ pbfp“5 . kfgL k¥of] eg]/ dg lr;f] gkfg"{, kfgL k/]kl5 dfq}
df6f] dlnnf] x'G5 / af]6la?jf xl/of x'G5g\\ .Æ ;sf/fTds ;f]rdf zlQmx¿
n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\\ . t;y{ ;f]r / b[li6sf]0f cg'¿k x'G5 x/]s s'/fsf] lgisif{
/ kl/0ffd . ;kmntf / c;kmntfdf ;f]rsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . ;a} s'/f e/
k5{ dfq ;f]rdf, ;f]r cg'ejdf, ;f]r x]/fOdf / ;f]r lrGtgdf . s[i0fnfO{
xfdLn] s;/L x]g]{ < sd{of]uL eg]/ jf 5nL—sk6L eg]/ < uf}td a'4nfO{ s]
eGg] < zflGtb"t jf cfºgL >LdtL / gfafns 5f]/fnfO{ Tofu]/ lx+8\g]
knfogjfbL < To:t} b|f}kbLnfO{ b]jL eGg] jf kf“rhgf kltsL kTgL eGg] <
ch'{gnfO{ s] eGg], wg'wf{/L jL/ jf s0f{sf] k5fl8 af0f xfgL dfg]{ sfo/ <
xfd|} g]kfnsf jL/ u0f]zdfgnfO{ s] eGg] < k|wfgdGqLsf] kb lbO“bf klg Tofu
ug]{ dxfg\ TofuL eGg] jf b]zsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ g;Sg] g]tf eGg] < x/]s
s'/fnfO{ ;f]Rg] tf}/tl/sfn] km/s kf5{ . ;f]Rg] dfq xf]Og, x]g]{ tl/sfn] klg
km/s kf5{ . cxd\ d'2f oxL xf] . o:t} ;f]rsf ljleGg k|sf/ / k|lqmofx¿
;dsfnLg ;dfh / /fhgLltdf klg 5\ofk5\ofKtL kfOG5g\ . /fhfn] s]
rfx]sf 5g\, g]tfx¿n] s] vf]h]sf 5g\, oL ;a} ts{ / ljjfbsf] lgrf]8 oxL
b'O{ cIf/ …;f]rÚ leq kfOG5 .
of] ;fgf] k':tsdf d}n] …gÚ eGg] zAbnfO{ g} gsfg{ vf]h]sf] 5' . clxn]
g]kfndf …of] ePg Tof] ePg, of] x'“b}g Tof] x'“b}gÚ eGg] w]/} 5g\\ . ufnLunf}h
ug{ ;a} ?rfp“5g\\ . t/ /fd|f] s'/fsf] j0f{g ug{ sGh':ofO“ u5{g\ . cfnf]rgf—
nfO{ g} af}l4stf eG7fGg] of] ;dfhdf gsf/fTds rl/q / ;f]r xfaL ePsf
5g\ . Psrf]l6 g]kfnsf] c“Wof/f] kIfnfO{ la;]{/ pHofnf] kIfnfO{ x]/f}+ . clxn]
;aeGbf cfnf]rgf ul/g] If]q /fhgLlt xf] . cfhsn xfdL /fhgLlts
g]tfx¿nfO{ lbn vf]n]/ pbf/tf;fy ufnL u5f}{+ . pgLx¿sf] b'isd{nfO{
sf]6\ofp“5f}+ . sltko g]tfx¿ cfºg} b'isd{n] b"lift ePsf x'g;S5g\ . t/
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;f]r
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/j]znfO{ ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] oxf“sf] /fhgLlt s]xL jif{
cl3;Dd Tolt k|b"lift lyPg . xfd|f] ax'bnLo k|hftGq w]/} xb;Dd ;+j}wflgs
l;4fGtsf] d"No / dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . Psrf]l6 w}o{wf/0f u/L xfd|f]
/fhgLlts tl:a/nfO{ lgofn]/ x]/f}+ t † sd;]sd xfd|f] b]zdf kml8{gf08
dfsf]{; h:tf e|i6 / b'/frf/L t 5}gg\ . nfn' ofbj h:tf w"t{ g]tf t 5}gg\
h;n] cfºgL >LdtLnfO{ /fHosf]] d'VodGqL;Dd agfP . /fhgLlts l:ylt

s]nfP/ x]bf{ xfdL lg/fz x'g'kg]{ s'/} 5}g, a¿ uj{ ug'{k5{ . tL; jif{]
k~rfotL zf;g kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu ;+rflnt $^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf tL;
hgf dflg;n] Hofg;d]t gu'dfOsg d'n'ssf] zf;gJoj:yf ax'bnLo
k|hftGqdf ablnof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] Pp6f lg0f{osf cfwf/df Pdfn]
;/sf/n] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ tj/af6 ;Qf x:tfGt/0f u¥of]], lagf
emd]nf / emGem6 . s] of] ;fgf] s'/f xf] < o:tf hl6n /fhgLlts kl/jt{g
;xh ;fdfGo Pj+ :jfefljs ¿kaf6 ePsf]df xfdL g]kfnL dfqn] uj{ ug'{
kb}{g / < xfd|f w]/} g]tfx¿ e|i6 cjZo 5g\\ t/ sltko /fhgLlts sfo{stf{
/ g]tfx¿df ;b\u'0fx¿ klg 5g\\ . jf:tjdf g]tf aGg dflg;sf] ljZjf;
lhTg ;Sg'k5{ . Tof] lagf s'g}klg JolQm g]t[Tjsf] prfOdf k'Ug ;Sb}g .
/fhgLlts g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{nfO{ slxn]sfxL+ d P]gfsf] ¿kdf x]b{5' . P]gfleq
sfnf] cg'xf/n] x]bf{ sfn} k|ltlaDj b]lvG5 / uf]/f] dfG5]n] P]gf x]¥of] eg] uf]/f]
cg'xf/ g} b]V5 . o;sf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] olb /fd|f] ljrf/ lnP/ g]tfx¿nfO{
;xof]u ug{ ;lsof] eg] k|ltkmn klg /fd|} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljjfbdf ;w}+ cfO/xg] /fhgLlts g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;“u d]/f

b'O{, rf/j6f /dfOnf 36gf uf“l;Psf 5g\\ . ltgnfO{ oxf“ k|:t't ug{' k|f;+lus
xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 . lul/hfafa'nfO{ d}n] klxn] slxNo} lrg]sf] lyOg“ / clxn]
klg pxf“l;t JolQmut ¿kn] d}n] s'g} ;DaGw /fv]sf] 5}g . s]xL ;fdflhs
sfdsfhsf nfludfq pxf“l;t e]6\g] u/]sf] x'“ . zfob oxL sf/0fn] xf]nf,
pxf“n] dnfO{ lgs} cfb/, ;Ddfg / dfof ug'{x'G5 . cGbfhL bzjif{ klxn]
pxf“sf lghL ;xfosn] dnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g ug'{ePsf] lyof] k|wfgdGqL lgjf;af6,
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;f]r
æd jL/]Gb| bfxfn af]n]sf] s0f{hL, tkfO{+l;t lul/hfafa' s'/f ug]{ /] .Æ Psl5g
d cQflnP, …n s] kf] eGg'x'g] xf] † rGbf dfUg kf] xf] ls †Ú eGg] efg klg
k¥of] . lxlRsrfp“b} d}n] bfxfnnfO{ æx'G5Æ eg+] . 6]lnkmf]gaf6 lul/hfafa'n]
æzfSohL, tkfO{nfO{ t d}n] b]v]sf] 5}g, gfp“;Dd ;'g]sf] . n Pp6f ;xof]u
ugf]{;\ dnfO{ . tkfO{ g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] af]8{df al;lbg' k¥of] x} † n
jL/]Gb|hL;“u s'/f ug'{;\Æ eGb} jftf{nfk 6'+Uofpg'eof] . lul/hfafa'n] dnfO{
lsg Tof] cj;/ lbg'eof], yfxf 5}g . t/ tLg jif{;Dd d}n] g]kfn
6]lnlehgsf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf /x]/ sfd ubf{, 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ d}n] eGg}
k5{, lul/hfafa' jf pxf“sf s'g} sfo{stf{n] dnfO{ g s'g} /fhgLlts bafj

lbP, g t daf6 s'g} kmfObf g} p7fP . dnfO{ To;a]nf ljZjf; eof] s'g}
JolQmnfO{ s'g} kb jf bhf{df dgf]gog ubf{ To;sf] k5fl8 ;w}+ /fhgLlts
:jfy{ g} x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . tLg jif{sf] sfof{jlwdf lul/hfafa'nfO{ e]6\g d
uOg“ . jf:tjdf g]tfx¿sf af/]df hlt xNnf x'“bf]/x]5, oyfy{df To:tf] jf
Tolt x'“bf] /x]g5 .
lul/hfafa'l;tsf] d]/f] bf];|f] e]6 SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{

cleofgsf qmddf ePsf] xf] . jf:tjdf Tof] e]6 / 36gfqmd d slxNo}
la;{Gg“ . c:ktfn lgdf{0f / SofG;/ pkrf/sf nflu cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng
ug{ d}n] Ps lvNnL r'/f]6df Ps k};f z'Ns nufpg] k|:tfj tof/ kf/]sf]
lyP“ . To;nfO{ ;/sf/L kIfaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg d}n] w]/} sf]lz; u/]+ . y'k|}
;f+;bx¿l;t s'/f u/]+ . t/ s]xL ;Lk nfu]g . Pslbg o"=Pg=8L=kL= sf]
/flqef]hdf jL/]Gb| bfxfnn] æcfpgf];\ zfSohL, lul/hfafa';“u lrgfOlbG5'Æ
egL d]/f] xft tfg]/ nu] . æn xh"/, s0f{ zfSo eGg] pxf“ g} xf]Æ eGb}
jL/]Gb|n] lul/hfafa';“u bf]xf]/f] kl/ro u/fP . dnfO{ yfxf lyof], …Tof]
x'nd'ndf lul/hfafa'n] dnfO{ w]/} ;do lbg ;Sg' x'GgÚ eGg] . lul/hfafa'nfO{
sfof{no jf 3/df e]6\g] dg;fo d}n] t'?Gt} JoQm u/]+ . pxf“n] dnfO{ ;do
klg lbg'eof] .
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;f]r
s]xL lbgkl5 …Pp6f r'/f]6df Ps k};f z'Ns nufpg] k|:tfjÚ lnP/
af“;af/Ll:yt 8f= zzfÍ sf]O/fnfsf] 3/df lul/hfafa'nfO{ e]6\g k'u]+ . pxf“
e'O{+ tnfdf al;/xg' ePsf] /x]5 . pxf“ a:g'ePsf] ;f]kmf k5fl8 ‰ofn
lyof] . ¤ofn k5fl8sf] pHofnf]sf sf/0f pxf“nfO{ :ki6 b]Vg ;ls+b}gYof] .
kfOkdf r'/f]6 tfGb} æcfpgf];\ zfSohL, dnfO{ rf“8} aflx/ hfg'5, n s] eGg'
5 eGg';\Æ eGg'eof] . d t Psl5g csdSs k/]+ . d;“u ePsf] c7f/ k]hsf]
k|:tfj Ps}rf]l6 s;/L eGg] < d}n] pxf“nfO{ :ki6 eg]+, æd xh'/nfO{ b'Mv lbg
cfPsf] xf]Og“, d oxf“ d]/f] JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu cfPsf] klg xf]Og, b]zsf]
lxtsf nflu xh"/sf] s]xL ;xof]u lng cfPsf] x'“ . xh"/n] h;/L klg dnfO{
bz ldg]6sf] ;do t lbg' k¥of] .Æ clg d';'Ss xf“;]/ pxf“n] eGg'eof] æn
x'G5 x'G5 eGgf];\ .Æ lul/hfafa' d';'Ss xf“:bf slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{ df]gfln;fsf]
d':sfg ofb cfp“5 . pxf“sf] x“;fO dnfO{ ;f“Rr} /fd|f] nfU5 . d]/f] k|:tfjgfsf
d'Vo—d'Vo c+z d}n] af¥x ldg]6leq k9]/ ;'gfP“ . Ps6s nufP/ pxf“n]
dnfO{ x]l//xg' eof] / d]/f] k|:tfj Wofg lbO{ ;'Gg'eof] . k|ltlqmof:j¿k d;“u
Ps zAb klg gaf]nL tTsfnLg cy{dGqL dx]z cfrfo{nfO{ kmf]g ug'{eof] .
t/, cfrfo{;“u Toltv]/ kmf]g ;Dks{ x'g ;s]g . clg, lul/hfafa'n] dnfO{
;Lw}+ eGg'eof] æ7Ls 5 zfSohL, n tkfO{+ hfgf];\, tkfO{+sf] sfd x'G5 .Æ
xfsfxfsL eGg] xf]eg] lul/hfafa'n] d]/f] k|:tfj kf; ul/lbg'xf]nf eGg]
ljZjf; dnfO{ nfu]s} lyPg . cflv/ pxf“ klg g]tf g} t xf] † t/ rf/
dlxgfkl5 d ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] af]:6gdf sfG5f] 5f]/fnfO{ e]6\g hf“bf
r'/f]6df Ps k};f z'Nssf] k|:tfj ah]6 efif0fdf cfPsf] s'/f d]/L 5f]/L
;'hfgn] dWo/ftdf 6]lnkmf]g u/L dnfO{ ;'gfOg\ . Tof] /ft d]/f] lhGbuLsf]
Pp6f v';Lsf] /ft lyof] .
lul/hfafa'l;tsf To;kl5sf d]/f c¿ ;fIffTsf/sf 36gf klg

plQs} /f]rs 5g\\ . To;tfsf ko{6g dGqfnon] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu
k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf /fli6«o ko{6g kl/ifb\ :yfkgf ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf]
/x]5 . kl/ifb\sf] klxnf] a}7sdf k|ltli7t JolQmx¿af6 b'O{ hgf k|ltlglw
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;f]r
5fGg] sfo{qmd /x]5 . To;sf nflu klxn] g} ko{6g dGqfnoaf6 Pp6f ;"rL
tof/ u/L NofPsf /x]5g\\ . t/ dgf]gLt ug]{ a]nfdf lul/hfafa'n] cfºgf]
vNtLaf6 Pp6f ;fgf] sfuh lgsfn]/ eGg'eP5, æx'g t dGqfnoaf6
;b:ox¿sf] gfd l;kmfl/; eP/ cfPsf] 5 t/ /fli6«o ko{6g kl/ifb\sf]
cWoIfsf] x}l;otn] d 8f= xs{ u'?ª / s0f{ zfSonfO{ dgf]gLt ug{ rfxG5' .
s;}nfO{ s]xL eGg' 5 <Æ ko{6g dGqL / ;lrj s]xL af]Ng ;s]g5g\\ .
/fhgLlts b[li6sf]0fn] ;f“Rr} eGg] xf]eg] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf dnfO{

dg kb}{g . vf; u/L jt{dfg /fhgLlts cGof]n ;[hgf ug{ pxf“n] h'g
gsf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'eof], Tof] dnfO{ c;x\o nfU5 . t/
k|wfgdGqLsf ¿kdf h]h:tf lg0f{o pxf“n] d]/fcufl8 ug'{eof], To;sf nflu
d}n] pxf“sf] k|z+;f ug}{k5{ . …g]kfn e|d0f jif{ !((*Ú ;+rfng ug'{cl3 v'nf
xjfO{ gLltb]lv cGo w]/} ko{6g k"jf{wf/x¿ ljsf; ug{ pxf“n] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf]
dlGqd08nn] lagf s'g} lxrlsrfx6 w]/} ;fx;L lg0f{ox¿ u¥of] . pxf“sf]
;xof]ulagf e|d0f jif{sf] kl/sNkgf g :jLs[t x'GYof], g t ;DkGg g} ug{

;lsGYof] . x'g t e|d0f jif{sf] tof/L / ;+rfngsf qmddf dnfO{ s'g} klg
k|wfgdGqL, dGqL / ;lrjx¿l;t sfd ug{ uf¥xf] ePg . tTsfnLg
ko{6gdGqL rqmk|;fb af“:tf]nf;lxt 5hgf ko{6gdGqL / tLghgf
k|wfgdGqLl;t sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfP“ . t/ ;xof]u eg] ;a}n] u/] .
OdfGbf/Lsf;fy d}n] eGg}k5{, dnfO{ slxNo} klg / s;}n] klg c;xof]u
u/]sf] cj:yf kfOg“ . kmn:j¿k g]kfn e|d0f jif{ pxf“x¿s} ;xof]uaf6 k"0f{
;kmn eof] .
dfly plNnlvt 36gfqmdaf6 d}n] s] eGg vf]h]sf] x'“ eg] g]tf

h'g;'s} bnsf ePklg s]xL xb;Dd pgLx¿ P]gfh:t} x'G5g\\ . pgLx¿af6
/fd|f] sfd klg u/fpg ;lsG5, g/fd|f] klg . cflv/ x/]s dflg;sf] dgleq
;b\u'0f / b'u'{0f n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\\ . sxf“, slxn] / s:fn] tL n's]sf
;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds tTjnfO{ hufOlbg] xf], To;} cg'¿k b]lvG5g\
15
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Jojxf/ / rl/qx¿ . x'g t /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;]jfdf r'n{'Dd 8'Ag] g]tf
jf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿n] dgleqsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ xf]
t/ cljsl;t d'n'sx¿df o:tf pbfx/0fx¿ b'n{e} x'G5g\\ . dxfTdf ufGwL /
lagf]jf efa] h:tf dxfg\ g]tf tyf ;dfh;]jLx¿ t s/f]8f}+sf] ;+Vofdf Ps—
b'O{dfq hGdg] x'g\ . To:tf pbfx/0fnfO{ x[bo¨d ub}{ xfd|f] ;dfhdf klg
To:t} x'g'k5{ eg]/ ;f]Rg' lbjf:jKg dfq xf]nf . cflv/ /fhgLlts Pj+
;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] w/ftndf a;]/ xfdLn] of] jf:tljstf / j:t'l:yltnfO{
dgg ug}{k5{ . xfdLn] o;nfO{ :jLsfg}{k5{ ls xfd|f] of] ;dfh b"wn] wf]OPsf]
5}g, oxf“ cg]s ;d:ofx¿ 5g\\ . t/ r'gf}tL s] xf] eg] oL ;d:ofx¿nfO{
Jofjxfl/s 9äf6 s;/L lg/fs/0f ug]{ < of] ta ;Dej x'G5 ha xfdL ;a}n]
cf—cfºgf] n's]sf] ljs[t cg'xf/ klxn] P]gfdf x]/f}+, cfºgf] sdLsdhf]/L
v'6\ofcf}+ / jf:tljstfnfO{ u|x0f u/f}+ . clgdfq c¿x¿sf af/]df
6Lsfl6Kk0fL u/f}+ . :jfyL{ efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t sfnf] dg lnP/ s;}l;t klg
xfdLn] n]gb]g ug{ vf]Hof}+ eg] ToxL cg';f/sf] k|ltkmn kfp“5f}+ .
/fd|f] eg"“ jf v/fa, n]gb]gsf s'/fdf d sdhf]/ 5' . t/ dnfO{ of]

s'/fdf uj{ klg nfU5, d cfºgf] :jfy{sf nfludfq s'/f ug}{ ;lSbg . c¿
If]qsf] s'/f 5f]8f}+, cfºg} pBf]u / Jofkfl/s If]qdf klg d s;}l;t slxNo}
lgDg:t/Lo tl/sfn] n]gb]gsf] s'/f ug{ ;lSbg . dnfO{ nfU5, n]gb]gdf klg
Pp6f ljj]s x'G5, ;Demf}tf / :t/ x'G5 . cfºgf] JolQmut :jfy{ kl/k"lt{sf
nflu clxn];Dd d}n] s'g}klg /fhgLlts g]tf jf sfo{stf{x¿sf] 3/b}nf]
rfxf/]sf] 5}g . d w]/} /fhgLlts g]tf, sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lrGb5' . pxf“x¿n]
klg dnfO{ lrGg'ePsf] 5 . d}n] pxf“x¿nfO{ af}l4s b[li6sf]0fn] w]/} ;xof]u
u/]sf] 5' . h'ga]nf;Dd tL g]tfx¿ kbdf x'“b}gg\ To; a]nf;Dd pgLx¿nfO{
d]/f] 3/df af]nfpg jf pgLx¿sf] 3/df hfg dnfO{ lxlRsrfx6 x'“b}g t/ ha
pgLx¿ dGqL x'G5g\\, To;kl5 eg] d pgLx¿sf] 3/df slxNo} hf“lbg .
Toltdfq xf]Og, pgLx¿ dGqL ePkl5 d}n] awfO{;d]t lbg] u/]sf] 5}g . of]
d]/f] 3d08 xf] jf :jfledfg, dnfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{ nfU5, /fhgLlts
16
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g]tfx¿ hlt;'s} 7"nf] cf]xbfdf k'u]klg g d]/f] pgLx¿l;t s]xL lng' 5, g t
lbg' g} 5 .
d uj{sf ;fy eGg ;S5', d}n] clxn];Dd s'g}klg e|i6 Pj+ b'/frf/L
/fhgLlts g]tf / sfo{stf{l;t ;DaGw uf“;]sf] 5}g . h;nfO{ d}n] lrg]sf] 5',
pgLx¿ ;a} pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlt1x¿ gePklg sd;]sd /fhgLltsf]
;fdfGo 1fg ePsf t cjZo 5g\\ . pgLx¿ b]z / ;dfhk|lt lrGtgzLn
ePsf] d}n] kfPsf] 5' . olt x'“bfx'“b} klg d}n] lrg]sf clwsf+z /fhgLlts
g]tf, sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ c¿ s;}n] g/fd|f s'/fx¿df klg k|of]u gunf{g\ eGg
d ;lSbg . x'g t xfdL lha|f]nfO{ xNnfpb}, rkfpb} cg]s /fd|f/fd|F zAb
k|of]u u/L ;Djfb u5f{}+, efif0f u5f}+{ t/ cf“vfsf] efiffsf cl3 o:tf s[lqd
;Djfbsf] s'g} dfg] /x“b}g . /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ b]z ;]jfsf cg]s s'/fx¿
u5{g\, pGgt eljiosf cg]s kl/sNkgfx¿ k:sG5g\ h'g :jfefljs klg
xf] . t/ pgLx¿sf] dfgjLo sdhf]/LnfO{ eg] a]jf:tf ug{ ;ls+b}g . To;f]
eGb}df d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ slxNo} klg cjx]ngfsf] b[li6n] x]/]sf] 5}g . d}n] hf]—
h;nfO{ cln a9L lrg]sf] 5', sd;]sd pgLx¿ rflx+ 3l6of vfnsf
/fhgLlts g]tf jf sfo{stf{x¿ xf]Ogg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ /fd|/L a'emfpg ;lsof]
eg] pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf / ;lqmotfnfO{ b]z ljsf;df /fd|/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . zfob oxL sf/0fn] xf]nf, tL g]tf jf sfo{stf{x¿n]
dnfO{ slxNo} klg g/fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]gg\, g/fd|f] b[li6sf]0fn] x]/]sf klg
5}gg\ . d}n] pgLx¿l;t Jofkf/L eP/ s'/f u/]sf] eP jf cfºgf lghL :jfy{
uf“;]/ ;DaGw /fVg] sf]lz; u/]sf] eP pgLx¿n] klg dnfO{ ToxL cg';f/sf]
3l6of Jojxf/ ug{ vf]Hy] xf]nf . d]/f] egfOsf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] cfhsn
clwsf+z /fhgLlts g]tf jf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ hlt;'s} e|i6 elgP klg
pgLx¿nfO{ laufg]{ cg]s gsf/fTds tTjx¿nfO{ xfdLn] sbflk la;{g' x'“b}g .
/fhgLltdf ljs[ltx¿ cfpg' / o;af6 ;[hgf ePsf ;fdflhs d"No /
dfGotfdf cjd"Nog x'g'df /fhgLlts lgsfox¿ dfq lhDd]jf/ x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
To;nfO{ pNSofpg], k|of]u ug]{ / laufg]{ c¿ c;fdflhs lgsfo jf JolQmx¿
17
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;f]r
klg Tolt g} lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\\ . egfO g} 5, æPs xftn] tfnL aHb}g, Psf]xf]/f]
/f]6L kfSb}g .Æ
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18
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kl/R5]b—@
k|hftGqsf] KofG8f]/faS;
ax'bnLo k|hftGq ;Too'usf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] ;f“rf] xf]Og . of] t slno'usf]
gbL kf/ ug]{ Pp6f gfp xf] . oxL slno'usf] sfnv08df xfdLn] hfg]/ jf
ghfg]/ k|hftGqsf] KofG8f]/faS;nfO{ vf]Nof}+ . ha g]kfnsf] ;Dj]bgzLn
/fhgLlts hl6ntfsf] of] KofG8f]/faS; vf]lnof], Toxf“af6 cg]s cfly{s,
;fdflhs / dgf]j}1flgs lrGtgx¿, lj;+ult / ljs[ltx¿ lgl:sP . Tof]
b]v]/ xtf/—xtf/ xfdLn] afs;nfO{ aGb ul/lbof}+, clxn] To; aGb afs;af6
cfzf¿kL ;'Gb/Ln] dl;gf] / lemgf] cfjfhdf afs;sf] 9Ssgdf 6s\6s\ u/]/
eGb}l5g\\, ævf]Ngf];\ g † d cfzf x'“, d ljZjf; x"“, dnfO{ klg aflx/ cfpg
lbgf];\ g .Æ
klxn]sf] s'/fdfq ofb u/]/ clxn]sf 36gfqmd / ;donfO{ ;w}+

sf];]/ x]g'{ Nostalgia dflg;sf] sdhf]/L xf] . æb]z vQd eof] === xfd|f] ;dfh
lalu|of]Æ h:tf cfTdUnflgsf s'/fx¿ clxn]dfq xf]Og, klxn]—klxn] klg
ul/Gy] . xfdL s]6fs]6L ePs} a]nfdf klg, dnfO{ ofb 5, a"9fkfsfx¿ æx]/
klxn] s:tf] ;:tf] lyof], clxn] s:tf] dx¨f]Æ h:tf s'/f bf]xf]¥ofO/xGy] .
lxhf]sf x/]s s'/fsf] avfg ug]{ / cfhsf] ;donfO{ b'Tsfg]{ afgL / k|j[lQ
xfdLsxf“ dfq xf]Og, c¿ ;dfhdf klg k|z:t kfOG5 . jf:tjdf ctLtk|]dL
19
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jf ctLtjfbL x'g] dflg;dfqsf] g};lu{s :jefj g} /x]5 . lxhf]sf] ;Demgf
ub}{, ef]lnsf] dgu9Gt] cf; lnO{ cfhsf] st{JonfO{ la;]{/ e"t, jt{dfg /
eljiosf] lqsf]0ffTds hfndf xfdL ;w}+ cNdlnO/xG5f}+ .
:juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|sf tTsfnLg P=8L=;L= tf/faxfb'/ yfkfsf] 3/df

d Pp6f lrofkfg sfo{qmddf af]nfOPsf] lyP“ . Toxf“ g]kfnsf u0odfGo g]tf
Pj+ a'l4hLjLx¿sf] hd36 lyof] . b]z vQd 5 eGg] ;'uf/6fO{ cfhdfq
xf]Og, k~rfotsfndf klg v"a rNYof] . To; sfo{qmddf klg lg/fzfjfbsf
s'/fn] g} ;w}+e}+m k|wfgtf kfO/x]sf lyP . w]/}h;f]n] dflg;x¿sf] v/fa
dgMl:yltsf sf/0faf6 g} g]kfndf ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbO/x]sf
lyP . tLdWo] s;}n] eg], æg]kfnLx¿ cN5L 5g\\ .Æ Pshgfn] t olQ;Dd eg]+
ls ;w}+ /fHosf] 5ftfdf a:bf a:bf g]kfnLx¿ slxNo} klg d]xgtk"j{s sfd
gug]{ eO;s]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f ;'Ggf;fy dnfO{ emf]+s rNof].
æxfdLn] s;/L g]kfnLdfqsf uf}/jdo ;Dkbfx¿sf] d"No /

dfGotfnfO{ la;{g ;Sof}+ < h'g b]zdf cfw'lgs 1fg / k|ljlwljgf g} ;of}+ jif{
klxn] Gx\oftkf]nh:tf cfZro{hgs, cUnf / cb\e"t snfTds dlGb/x¿
lgdf{0f eO;s]sf lyP, Tof] b]zsf ;Gtfg s;/L cN5L x'g ;S5g\\ <
c;gb]lv OGb|rf]ssf] af6f], kf6g / eQmk'/sf] uNnL–uNnLdf sf7sf pTs[i6
snfTds ‰ofnx¿, h'g k}+tfnL; l8u|L sf]0fdf e'ms]sf, ¤jf§ x]bf{ clxn] g}
v:nfg\ h:tf b]lvG5g\, ;of}+ jif{b]lv h:tfsf] t:t} 5g\\ . sf7sf] r'Ss'nsf]
cf8df lgdf{0f ul/Psf dWosfnLg Ol~hlgol/ªsf tL cb\e"t sfdx¿ clxn]
cGj]if0f / cg';Gwfgsf /f]rs ljifoa:t' ag]sf 5g\\ . To:tf cfZro{hgs
Ol~hlgol/¨df lgk'0f g]kfnL s;/L sfd gnfUg] x'g;S5g\\ < g]kfnsf ljleGg
7fp“df k'vf{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf sfi7snf, kfiff0fsnf / d[lQsfsnf cfh klg
em/em/fp“bf] cj:yfdf oyfjt\ g]kfnsf] uf}/jufyfsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\\ .
To:t} kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;+/If0f ug{ df6fsf 5f]6f5f]6f kfOk, 8'“8 h8fg u/L
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ulx/fulx/f 7fp“df agfOPsf ;'Gwf/fh:tf cgluGtL 9'Ë]wf/fx¿sf e/kbf{
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gfnfos x'g ;S5g\\ < h'ga]nf cd]l/sf, ci6«]lnofh:tf /fi6«sf] hGd;d]t
ePsf] lyPg ljZj dfglrqdf, Tof] a]nf dWosfnLg ;Eotfsf] r'nLdf k'u]sf]
g]kfnnfO{ o;/L lg/Lx b[li6n] s;/L x]g{ ;lsG5 <
Psl5g xfd|f k'vf{sf] Oltxf;nfO{ la;f}+{ . ;dsfnLg g]kfns} s'/f

ug]{ xf] eg]klg g]kfnLnfO{ cN5L jf gfnfos eGg ;lsGg . cGt/f{li6«o
:t/sf kf“r tf/] xf]6]nx¿ g]kfndf s:fn] rnfp“5 < o"=Pg=8L=kL=, ljb]zL
/fhb"tfjf;x¿df sfo{/t hgzlQm sxf“sf x'g\ < pgLx¿ w]/} g]kfnLx¿ g} t
x'g\ . t/ lj8Dagfsf] s'/f s] 5 eg] ToxL g]kfnL u'7L ;+:yfg, dfnkf]t jf
cGo ;/sf/L c8\8fx¿df sfd ubf{ cfºgf] sfd ug]{ 6]a'nsf] w"nf];d]t
k'5\b}g . sfdsf] :t/df 7"nf] ¥xf; b]lvG5 . lghL If]qdf pgLx¿ r':t 5g\\
t/ ;/sf/L IF]qdf pgLx¿sf] :t/ lsg 36]sf] < hjfkmdf …g]kfnLsf]
gfnfosLkgÚ eGg} ;lsGg . a¿ Tof] Joj:yfkgsf] sdhf]/L xf], cb"/bzL{
gLlt / of]hgf;“u} /fHo ;+rfng ug]{ gfOs]x¿sf] Joj:yfksLo
lbjfnLofkgsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
d]/f] Pp6f xf]6]ndf Ps ;o aL;j6f sf]7f 5g\\ / Toxf“ Ps;o

aL;j6} :gfg3/ / zf}rfno 5g\\ . tL ;a} sf]7f / zf}rfnox¿sf] ;kmfO{
cGt/f{li6«o :t/df g} ug]{ ul/G5 . To;f] ul/Pg eg] Tof] xf]6]ndf ljb]zL
ko{6sx¿ cfp“b} cfp“b}gg\ . Tof] xf]6]nsf] !@) :gfg3/ / zf}rfno;d]t dfq
bz hgf sd{rf/Ln] ;kmf u5{g\ . ptf lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf
kGw|—aL;j6f zf}rfno xf]nfg\, t/ Toxf“ kRrL;—tL; hgf s'lrsf/x¿
5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] hlt tna / ;'lawf lbPsf] x'G5, zfob xf]6]ndf
Tof]eGbf a9L x'“b}g . tyflk, tL b'O{ 7fp“sf zf}rfnosf] ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yf
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x]g]{ xf] eg] cfsfz / hldgsf] km/s kfOG5 . ljdfg:ynsf zf}rfnoleq
k:bf jfGtf g} x'g vf]H5 . of] Pp6f 3tnfUbf] pbfx/0f dfq xf] . o:tf
b[i6fGt w]/} kfOG5g\\ vf]Hg] xf] eg] .
lghL Jofkfl/s ;++:yfg x'g\ jf ;/sf/L, hxf“klg :t/Lo

Joj:yfkgsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . t/ xfd|f ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df /]vb]v /
;Gt'ngsf] s'g} Joj:yf b]lv+b}g . Toxf“ /fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ xf};nf lbg]
dfgl;stf g} 5}g . sfd gug]{ 7unfO{ lgsfNg ;lsb}g, clg To:tf ;+:yfg
/ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ljlw / kl/0ffd s] x'g ;S5 < pRrtxsf xflsdx¿
cfk"meGbf dflysf dGqL Pj+ g]tfsf] rfs8Ldf Jo:t /xG5g\\ cfºgf] s';L{
hf]ufpg . To;eGbf d'lgsf ;xfos xflsdx¿ lbgel/ sf]7f—sf]7fdf 3'd]/

lrof vf“b} …cfk"meGbf dflysf ;a} e|i6, cfk"meGbf d'lgsf ;a} sfd gnfUg]Ú,
…;+;f/df c¿ ;a} rf]/ cfk"mdfq OdfGbf/Ú eGb} lx+l8/xG5g\\ . ;'Aaf, vl/bf/
txsf k|foM ;a}hgf hf8f] ofddf 3fd tfk]/ sfof{nodf pknAw b}lgs /
;fKtflxs klqsfx¿dfq kN6fpg] u5{g\ . s'g kf6L{n] s] u¥of], s'g g]tfn] s]
eGof], b]z lsg rNg ;s]g / b]z s;/L rnfpg' k5{ h:tf tyfslyt
af}l4s ;'emfjx¿ ;'Aaf, vl/bf/n] dfq xf]Og, lkpg dxf]box¿n] klg lbg]
u5{g\ . t/ ltg} g]kfnLn] ljb]zL /fhb"tfjf;df jf lghL If]qdf sfd u/]eg]
c¿ b]zsf gful/sx¿n] eGbf sd sfd ub}{gg\ . g]kfnsf] 6]«lsª,
¥oflº6ª, kj{tf/f]x0f cflb ;]jfd"ns ko{6sLo Joj;fo ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf
/fd|f] Pj+ Jofj;flos tl/sfn] ;+rfng ug]{ JolQmx¿ g]kfnd} 5g\\ .
xfd|f sltko 6]«lsª Ph]G;Lx¿n] ljb]zdf ;d]t cfºgf Ph]G;Lx¿
k|lti7fk"j{s k"0f{ nfedf rnfPsf 5g\\ . To:t} kj{tf/f]x0fsf] If]qdf xfdL
ljZjd} ;aeGbf a9L Jofj;flos 5f}+ . xf]6]n, 6«fen Ph]G;L, l/;f]6{x¿df
xfdL blIf0f Pl;ofsf] cu|kª\ltdf 5f}+ . o:tf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ;]jf
Joj;fodf xfdL sf]xLeGbf sd 5}gf}+ . s] of] uf}/j / :jfledfgsf] ljifo
xf]Og <
22
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;f]r
b]zsf] cfhsf] b'b{zfsf] bf]if g]kfnL hgdfg;sf] yfKnf]df yf]kg{

kfOb}g . b]zsf] b'u{lt ePs} dfGg] xf] eg]klg Tof] sfddf :jfyL{ k|zf;s,
e|i6 /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ / 9f]+uL af}l4s JolQmTjx¿ afx]s c¿ s;}sf]
;+nUgtf 5}g . jf:tljs tYo / ;d:ofx¿nfO{ la;]{/ If0fe/ tfnLsf]
cfjfhdf /dfpg] / 9f]+uL a}fl4stfsf] k|bz{g ug]{ nf]en] cfhsn g]tf,
tyfslyt a'l4hLjL / kqsf/x¿;d]t hfgL—hfgL Psn] csf{nfO{ bf]if lbg]
sfddfq u5{g\ . o;n] cfd hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kf5{ / pgLx¿sf]
dgdl:tisdf Ps lsl;dsf] dfgl;s ljs[lt k}mnfpg d2t k'¥ofp“5 . bf]if
nufpg w]/} ;lhnf] x'G5, ufnL ug{ t emg\ /dfOnf] . t/ nuftf/ ;w}+
ufnLdfq u/]/ lx+8\bf, lj/f]wsf nflu lj/f]w dfq ul//x“bf cGttM o;af6
cfºg} v'§fdf a~r/f] xfGg] sfd x'G5 . clg of] k|j[lQn] ;fdflhs
jftfj/0fnfO{ g} b"lift agfpb} nfG5 . cljsl;t ;dfhn] b]z lauf5{, b]z}
lau|]kl5 3'ldlkm/L k]ml/ ;dfh g} lau|G5 . h'g ;dfhdf xfdL / xfd|f kl/jf/
a:g'k5{, ToxL ;dfhnfO{ laufg'{ eg]sf] cfsfzdf y's]/ y's cfºg} d'vdf
l56f kfg'{ h:t} xf]Og / <
clwsf+z cljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] /fhgLlts kl/;/df clxn] hxf“

klg ;+:yfkgf lj/f]wL gf/f (Anti-establishment Syndrom) p/fNg' / ;+:yfkg
kIfsf] cfnf]rgf ug'{ g]tf / a'l4hLjLx¿sf] k]zf ag]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]z
klg of] /f]uaf6 c5'tf] 5}g . xfdL w]/}n] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+, /dfOnf]
jftfj/0f tyf cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿df s'/fsfgL / 5nkmn ubf{ …d} x'“Ú
eGg] 7"N7"nf s§/kGyL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ klg lbn vf]n]/, jf:tljstfsf]
w/ftndf 6]s]/ Jofjxfl/s s'/f u5{g\ / cfºgf sdLsdhf]/L tyf uNtLx¿
klg :jLsf5{g\, cem lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ s'/f;d]t u5{g\ . t/ ha tL g]tfx¿
dfOs ;dfT5g\\, a'l4hLjLx¿ 5nkmn sfo{qmddf cfºgf efjgfx¿ JoQm
u5{g\ / ha kqsf/x¿ snd RofK5g\\, sDKo"6/sf] ls—af]8{df cf}+nf
23
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rnfp“5g\\, To;a]nf Jofjxfl/s Pj+ cGt/fTdfsf] cfjfh;d]t n'sfP/
;dsfnLg jftfj/0fl;t d]n vfg] cleJolQm lbg] /0fgLlt ckgfp“5g\\ .
nf]slk|o aGgsf nflu s6';TonfO{ n'sfp“5g\\ .
dnfO{ nfU5, xfdLsxf“ ax'bnLo xf]Og, vfnL bnLo k|hftGqsf]

;+:s[ltdfq pbo ePsf] 5 . sd{rf/L ;+3n] sd{rf/Lsf], 8«fOe/ ;+3n]
8«fOe/sf], sG8S6/ ;+3n] sG8S6/sf], ls;fg ;+3n] ls;fgsf], xf]6]n ;+3n]
xf]6]nx¿s} k]zfut lxt / /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] kf6L{ut lxtdfq ;f]Rg] xf]eg]
/fi6«lxtsf af/]df s:fn] ;f]Rg] < k]ml/ lj8Dagf s] 5 eg] Pp6f k]zfut
;+:yfsf] lxt kl/k"lt{ ug{ csf]{ k]zfut ;d'bfonfO{ afwfc8\rg gk'¥ofOsg
uf¥xf] x'G5 . To;}n] clxn] ljleGg ;+3, ;+:yf / kf6L{x¿ k]zfut, bnut
;}4flGts s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ /fi6«lxtsf s'/fnfO{ kG5fpg] cb"/bzL{
k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] xfd|f] b'ef{Uo eg]s} oxL xf] . b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{
lhDd]jf/L lnPsf g]tfx¿ cfºgf] JolQmut / bnut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7\g
;s]sf 5}gg\ . clwsf+z g]tfx¿ ;'lzlIft 5}gg\ . ;fdfGo 1fgsf] ;d]t
sdLn] ubf{ klg pgLx¿n] /fli6«o ljsf;sf cjwf/0ffnfO{ a'¤g ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . j:t'tM clxn] pgLx¿ cnkq cj:yfdf 5g\\ . ;kgf 5}g, kl/sNkgf
5}g pgLx¿df . g]kfnsf] lj8Dagf s] 5 eg] lrof k;n], el/of / 6\ofS;L
rfnsn] /fHo ;+rfngsf] s'/f ul//x]sf x'G5g\\ t/ g]tfeg] u'6aGbL /
tkl;nsf s'/fx¿df cNdlnO/x]sf 5g\\ . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, ha oL
/fhgLlts sfo{stf{, a'l4hLjL / kqsf/x¿n] cf—cfºgf] lhDd]jf/L axg u/L
s]xL ;dosf nflu cfºgf] 9f]+uL dgf]j[lQ / dgMl:ylt sxL+ yftL /fv]/
b]zlxtsf lgldQ P]Soa4 eO{ sfd ug{ ;s]eg] of] b]zn] 7"nf] km8\sf] dfg]{
kSsf 5 .
Pp6f s'/fdf dnfO{ c;fWo} crDd nfU5 . Tof] s] xf] eg]

jiff}{sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf x'“bfx'“b} klg, g]tf–a'l4hLjLx¿ lgtfGt :jfyL{
24
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;f]r
x'“bfx'“b} klg ljutsf k|hftflGqs Oltxf;df b]zn] y'k|} pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf]
5 . sfnf], /ftf], xl/of] / kx]+nf] h'g;'s} rZdfn] x]/]klg k|hftGqsf] tl:j/
x/fPsf] 5}g . h;n] h:tf];'s} b[Zo x]g{ rfx]klg jf:tljs g]kfnsf] ult
cfºg} lsl;dn] cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . cfd hgtf obfsbf cln cN5L
b]lvPsf xf]nfg\, axsfpdf ?dlNnPsf xf]nfg\, låljwfdf cNdlnPsf xf]nfg\
t/ j:t'ut ¿kdf x]bf{ xfd|f] k|hftflGqs k4ltsf] af6f] x/fPsf] 5}g .
k|hftGqnfO{ h;n] h'g;'s} sf]0f, j[Q / kl/efiffaf6 kl/eflift ug{ vf]h]klg
cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] k|hftGqsf] dd{ / cfjZostfnfO{ /fd|/L a'lem;s]sf 5g\\
. æk|hftGqn] sfd ug{ ;s]g, ;lqmo /fhtGq rflxof] jf k|hftGqn] ljsf;
ug{ ;s]g, hg;/sf/ rflxof]Æ h:tf cltjfbL cjwf/0ffx¿ hlt;'s} 7"nf]
:j/n] p/fn] klg hgtfn] a'lem;s]sf 5g\, PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ax'bnLo
k|hftGqsf] ljsNk 5}g .
ax'bnLo k|hftGq ;Too'usf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] ;f“rf] xf]Og . of] t

slno'usf] gbL kf/ ug]{ Pp6f gfp xf] . oxL slno'usf] sfnv08df xfdLn]
hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ k|hftGqsf] KofG8f]/faS;nfO{ vf]Nof}+ . ha g]kfnsf]
;Dj]bgzLn /fhgLlts hl6ntfsf] of] KofG8f]/faS; vf]lnof], Toxf“af6 cg]s
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / dgf]j}1flgs lrGtgx¿, lj;+ult / ljs[ltx¿ lgl:sP .
Tof] b]v]/ xtf/—xtf/ xfdLn] Tof] afs;nfO{ aGb ul/lbof}+ . clxn] To;
aGb afs;af6 cfzf¿kL ;'Gb/Ln] dl;gf] / lemgf] cfjfhdf afs;sf]

9Ssgdf 6s\6s\ u/]/ eGb}l5g\\, ævf]Ngf];\ g † d cfzf x'“, dnfO{ klg aflx/
cfpg lbgf];\ g .Æ t/ xfdL ;z+lst eP/ Tof] k]6f/f] vf]Ng lxlRsrfO/x]sf
5f}+ . KofG8f]/faS;af6 lg:s]sf /fhgLlts ljs[ltx¿ ca k]ml/ ToxL
afs;leq hfg]jfnf 5}gg\ . ca Pp6} pkfodfq af“sL 5, oBlk afs;leq}
y'lgPsf] cfzfnfO{ vf]lnlbg] clg ToxL cfzf / ljZjf;sf dfWodaf6
/fhg}lts ljs[ltx¿nfO{ kl/dfh{g ub}{ ;xL k|hftflGqs ;+:s[ltdf ¿kfGt/0f
ub}{ n}hfg] . cfhsf] cfw'lgs dflg;n] of] cfw'lgs ;dfhdf cfºgf cg]s
25
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;f]r
cfw'lgs ;d:ofx¿l;t l;+uf}/L v]Nb} af“Rg hfGg' k5{ . Tof] afx]s csf]{ pkfo
5}g .
k|hftGq k|hfsf nflu, k|hfaf6, k|hfn] g} zf;g rnfpg] k|0ffnL x'“bf

Toxf“ sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ x'g} ;Sb}gg\ eGg ;lsGg . To;f] t k|hftGq hfb'sf]
58L xf]Og, of] Pp6f lg/Gt/ k|lqmof xf] . cfhsf] ef]ln g} o;n] glthf
Nofp“b}g . ;do;fk]If kl/jt{g x“'b} cfpg] Joj:yf xf] k|hftGq . k|hftGqsf]
;aeGbf 7"nf] pknlAw g} r]tgfsf] hfu/0f xf] . :jefjtM r]tgfsf] klxnf]
hfu/0f s]xL ;dosf nflu :jfyL{ dgf]j[lQaf6 g} ;'¿ x'G5 . kl5 uP/ tL
JolQmut :jfy{ ;fdflhs / /fli6«o :jfy{df ¿kfGt/0f x'“b} hfG5g\\ . ha
dflg; lzlIft x“'b} hfG5, p;df r]tgfsf] hfu/0f x'G5 . clg pm :jtGq
eP/ af“Rg rfxG5 . s;}sf] k|hf eP/ xf]Og, hgtf eP/ af“Rg rfxG5 .
dnfO{ ofb 5, ha @)$^ ;fnsf] qmflGtkZrft\ k|hftGqsf] pbo eof],
cs:dft\ d]/f] l;¨f] dg l;dnsf] e'jfeGbf klg xn'¨f] ePsf] lyof] . ha
/fhf jL/]Gb|n] dWo/ftdf hgtfsf] xftdf ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ lbg] 9f]sf vf]n],
To;a]nf d sf]7faf6 a'n'{Ss pk|]m/ k"j{ lbzftk{m x]b}{ 3f“6L ;'Sg] u/L
æk|hftGq lhGbfjfbÆ, æk|hftGq lhGbfjfbÆ eGb} PSn} dWo/ftdf ax'nfh:t}
s/fP“ . d]/f ;f/f kl/jf/ p7]/ cfP, l5d]sLx¿klg p7] / ;f/fsf] dg
k|hftGqsf] pGdfbn] d:t eof] . To;a]nf Psn] csf]{nfO{ c¨fnf] xflnof] .
d]/f cf“vfdf xif{sf cf“;' 6Ks]sf] b]v]/ ** jif{sL d]/L cfdfn] ;d]t æn
u0f]zdfgnfO{ :ofjf; 5, pm ca b]ptf g} eof]Æ egL cfºgf] efjgf JoQm
ug'{eof] .
s'g}klg lrGtgzLn, ljj]szLn / lzlIft dflg; k|hftGq lj/f]wL x'g}

;Sb}g . olb cfw'lgs dflg; lzlIft eP/ klg k|hftGqsf] lj/f]w u5{ eg]
Tof] dflg;sf] lbdfudf s]xL g s]xL ljs[ltn] 5f]k]sf] x'g;S5 . @)#^ ;fndf
ha /fhf jL/]Gb|n] ax'bnLo / ;'wf/ ;lxtsf] lgb{nLo k|hftGqaLr s'g /f]Hg]
26
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;f]r
eGg] k|Zgdf hgdt ;+u|x u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/], Tof]a]nf d}n] 7Ls b/af/
k5fl8 nflhDkf6l:yt d]/f] Pp6f xf]6]ndf ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf nflu ljleGg
/fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ af]nfP/ ljrf/uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyP“ .
xf]6]nsf Dofg]h/ ;fu/ t'nfw/ ;d]tn] eg], æs0f{;/, b/af/sf] k5fl8 a;]/
xfdLn] o:tf /fhgLlts sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ plrt xf]nf <Æ tTkZrft\
klg kß/Tg t'nfw/, sgsdfg zfSoh:tf ax'bnLo k|hftGqdf ljZjf; /fVg]
/fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ cfºg} xf]6]nsf] k|f¨0fdf lgDtf] u/L xf]6]nsf
sd{rf/Lx¿, 7d]n / nflhDkf6df a:g] l5d]sLx¿nfO{ e]nf u/fO{ efif0f /
lrofkfg u/fP“ . To;a]nf t d}n] kß/Tg / sgsdfg zfSonfO{ /fhgLlts
JolQmsf] ¿kdf lrg]sf] klg lyOg“ .
d Pp6f pBdL x“', d]/f nflu h'g;'s} ;/sf/ cfPklg To;nfO{ d}n]
:jLsfg'{ k5{ . t/ cln k9]n]v]sf] lzlIft gful/ssf] x}l;otn] k|hftGqk|lt
cf:yf x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . lsGt' d s'g} /fhgLlts bndf ;+nUg JolQm xf]Og
/ eljiodf klg s'g} /fhgLlts kf6L{l;t ;DaGw /fVg] d]/f] dg;fo 5}g .
oBkL s]xL xb;Dd klxn] d ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf cf:yf /fVg] uy{] .
/fh;+:yfnfO{ æcg]stfdf PstfÆ sf] k|ltd"lt{sf] ?kdf ;+/If0f ug{'k5{ eGg]
;f]rfO{ /fVg] Pp6f Monarchist /fhtGqjfbL lyP“ . zflGtk|]dL /fhf jL/]Gb|
:juL{o x“'bf ;f/f g]kfn /f]P h:t} d klg ljef]/ ePsf] lyP, ;f/f o'jfx?n]
skfn vf}/]/ cfºgf] j]bgf kf]v] h:t} d}n] klg cfºgf] dd{ kf]v]sf lyP / dfUg]
;d]tn] k};f dfu]/ gf/fo0flx6Ldf km'n r9fP h:t} d}n] klg >4fsf] km'n
r9fpg uPsf] lyP“ . ;f“Rr} eg' eg“] d Tof] ;SsnL /fhtGqnfO{ rf]vf] /
crn lxdfn h:t} ;Dkbfsf] ?kdf ;+/If0f ug{'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ af]s]sf] Pp6f
df]gfls{:6 (Monarchist) lyP . t/ lhGbuLdf d slxn] ;+ls0f{ /fhfjfbL
(Royalist) algg\ . Tof] a]nf g]kfndf To:tf klg /fhfjfbL lyP hf]
/fhkl/jf/l;t 3lgi7 ;DaGw 5 egL hgdfg;df Wjf“; b]vfpg x/]s laxfg
…dlg{¨ jfsÚ hf“bf /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:osf] 9f]sf aflx/ uf8L kfls{¨ u/]/ hfg] .
clg, cfk"m /fhfjfbL ePsf] 9f]n lk6\b} To;af6 gfhfoh kmfObf lng vf]Hg] .
27
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;f]r
tTsflng dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] cWoIf 1fg]Gb| x'“bf kf“r jif{;Dd Pp6f
;+/If0fljb\sf] x}l;otn] pxf“l;t sfd u/]sf] lyP . t/ ha 1fg]Gb| /fhf eof],
d}n] slxn] klg pxf“nfO{ e]6\g uPg / slxNo} sf]lz; klg u/Lg . tTsflng
dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf cWoIf 1fg]Gb|l;t d]/f] ;DaGw ;+/If0fsf] k]zfut
cfwf/df dfq ;Lldt lyof] . 5 jif{sf] nfdf] sfo{sfndf cWoIf 1fg]Gb| / d
aLr /fhgLltsf] …/Ú klg pRrf/0f ePg .
x'g t Pp6f ;+/If0fljb / ko{6gljbsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|;“u

dfq xf]Og, :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|l;t klg ;do ;kodf ;fIFfTsf/x¿ ePsf
lyP . afx| jif{ klxn] g]kfn ;Dkbf ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf ;o jif{ cl3sf /
clxn]sf sf7df8f}+ zx/sf kmf]6f]x¿ gSzfn afndlGb/l:yt gfkmf xndf
k|bz{g u/]sf lyof}+ . Tof] k|bz{gLn] g]kfnL hgdfg;df k/Dk/fut g]kfnL Pj+
/f0ffsfnLg jf:t'snfaf/] Pp6f lrGtgsf] nx/ g} NofPsf] lyof] . a8f] ;kmn
ePsf] lyof] Tof] k|bz{gL . k|bz{gL rln/x]s} a]nf Pslbg ck|Toflzt ¿kdf
/fhf jL/]Gb| ;fdfGo gful/s ;/x cfk}+m df]6/ rnfP/ cfP . lagfs'g}
cf}krfl/s em}emd]nf, g s'g} ;]So'l/6L uf8{ cfP g s's'/nfO{ g} k|bz{gL:yn
;'“£g k7fOof] . tLg lbg cufl8 tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL cfPsf] a]nf
;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] nfjfn:s/sf ;fy k|bz{gL x]g{ cfPsf] lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof],
hgtf t ca /fhf eP5g\ †
/fhf jL/]Gb|sf ;fy >'lt / lg/fhg klg cfPsf lyP . æ;o jif{
klxn] sf7df8f}+ o:tf] lyof], x]/Æ, eGb} /fhfn] cfºgf ;—;fgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{
;DemfO/x]sf] b[Zo clxn];Dd dnfO{ ofb 5 . ;fwf/0f hgtfe}+m /fhf klg
cfºgf ;Gtlt of]Uo ePsf] x]g{ rfxbf] /x]5 eGg] dnfO{ cg'ej eof] . kmf]6f]
k|bz{gL gh/ ug]{ qmddf /fhfn] dnfO{ ;f]w], æklxn] sf7df8f}+df b'Oj6f
w/x/f lyP, xf]Og / <Æ /fhfsf] k|Zgn] d cg'Ql/t eP“ . dnfO{ t
sf7df8f}+df b'O{j6f w/x/f lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] 1fg lyPg . ;'Gwf/f5]pdf clxn]
b]lvg] w/x/fsf af/]df dfq} dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . kl5 k'/ftTjljb\ k"0f{xif{
ah|frfo{nfO{ ;f]Wbf dfq yfxf kfP“—klxn] b'Oj6f w/x/f /x]5g\ . Pp6f 9n]/
28
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w/fzfoL eof], csf]{ 5“b}5 . kmf]6f] k|bz{gL gh/ ul/;s]kl5 /fhfn] dnfO{
eGg'eof], æd;“u klg k'/fgf kmf]6f]x¿ 5g\\ . kl5 k|bz{gL ug{] a]nf d lbp“nf
t/ kmsf{pg' k5{ lg †Æ eGb} d';'d';' xf“;]/ ;/ntfk"j{s JoQm u/]sf tL
zAbx¿df /fhfsf] ljgf]blk|o :jefj emlNsGYof] .
eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn pb\3f6g qmddf /fhf jL/]Gb|af6 y'k|}

ljlzi6 JolQmx¿aLr dnfO{ JolQmut ¿kn] af]nfP/ eGg'eof], æltd|f] ;kgf
k"/f eof] xf]Og < ca s]xL gof“ s'/f ;f]r]sf 5f}+ <Æ tTsfn} d}n] laGtL u/]+,
æ;/sf/, ljb]zsf cGo zx/x¿df e}+m lrtjgsf] e/tk'/nfO{ klg d]l8sn
l;6L agfpg kfP x'GYof]Æ . / km]l/ yKb} eg] æToxf“ kfgL, oftfoft, hUuf
nufot w]/} k"jf{wf/x¿ 5g\\ .Æ /fhfn] eGg'eof], æljrf/ /fd|f] 5 t/
lrtjgsf hgtf s] eG5g\\, Tof] klxn] a'em .Æ Tof] egfOdf hgefjgfsf]
;Ddfg ug'{k5{ eGg] /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] efjgf cleJoQm eO/x]sf] lyof] . o;/L g}
/fhfn] …SofG;/ jfsfygÚ df klg dnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . /fhf/fgLaf6
JolQmut tj/df s;}nfO{ rGbf glbg] k/Dk/f ePklg dnfO{ k|f]T;flxt u/]sf]
36gf d la;{g ;lSbg . tTsflng dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] ;b:osf]
x}l;otn] PskN6 dxf/fhu~hl:yt lgd{n lgjf;df cfof]lht /flqef]hdf d
klg ;xefuL lyP“ . To;a]nfsf jgdGqL ;lndldof“ cG;f/LnfO{ /fhf jL/]Gb|n]
eGg'ePsf] lyof] æx]/ jgdGqL, gLltlgdf{tfx¿n] o:tf ljz]if1x¿sf] -dnfO{
b]vfP/_ ;Nnfx lnP/ sfd ug'{k5{ . ljsf; / ;+/If0fsf] cjwf/0ff
logLx¿nfO{ a9L yfxf 5 .Æ
To:t} ;g\ !((* df ePsf] /fhf jL/]Gb| l;tsf] ;fIffTsf/ csf]{

dxTjk"0f{ kn lyof] . To;a]nf u08sL c~rndf e|d0fjif{sf] ;Gbe{df
cfof]lht ko{6g dxf]T;jdf ;xefuL eP/ d ;/f;/ sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] lyP“ .
3/ guOsg e|d0fs} n'uf nufP/ d ;f]e}+m ;f]N6L xf]6]ndf k'u]+ . Toxf“
:jL6\h/Nof08sf /fi6«klt k|f]k]m;/ cfgf]n sn/åf/f /flqef]hsf] cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] lyof] . cGbfhL &M#) ah] /fhf jL/]]Gb| / :jL; /fi6«klt xnleq
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;f]r
cfpg'eof] . xndf cGbfhL rf/;o hgf hlt ljlzi6 JolQmx¿, e|d0fbnsf
;b:ox¿ tyf :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL kqsf/x¿ klg lyP . ;a}hgf /fhf /
ljlzi6 kfx'gf e]6 ug{ nfd nfuL al;/x]sf lyP . d cln 6f9} al;/x]sf]
lyP““ . t/, 6]lnlehgn] tl:a/ lvRg nfUbf :k6nfO6df /fhfn] dnfO{ b]v]sf]
/x]5 . Psl5g\kl5 Pshgf c+u/Ifs d]/f] 5]pdf cfP/ …;/sf/af6 tkfO{nfO{

af]nfOaS;]sf] 5Ú eg] . x\jL:sLsf] lunf; Pshgf ;fyLnfO{ ;dfpg lbP/ d
/fhf;fd' uP“ . æoL s0f{ zfSo x'g\, ;dfh;]jf / ;+/If0fdf klg logsf]
cle?lr 5 eGb} dnfO{ :jL; /fi6«kltnfO{ lrgfOlbg' eof] . /fhf jL/]Gb|af6 d}n]
tLg k6s tSdf kfP“, b'OkN6 uf]vf{ blIf0f afx' / Ps k6s lqzlQm k§ .
x/]skN6 lje"if0f ;df/f]xdf /fhfaf6 d]/f] s'ddf :kz{ ubf{ ;f“Rr} lhpdf Ps
lsl;dsf] t/+u / :kz{ cg'e"lt x'g] uYof]{ . s;}nfO{ kIfkft gug]{ /fhf
jL/]Gb|nfO{ ;De“mbf d cfh klg 6f]nfpg] ub{5' .
zfob oxL sf/0faf6 klg d /fhfjfbL ePsf] x'g;S5 . ha /fhb/af/

xTofsf08 eof], ;f/f ;+;f/df txNsf dlRrof] . cs:dft\ g]kfn ljZjsf]
/fhgLlts dfglrqdf :ki6 b]lvg yfNof] . /fhkl/jf/sf] csNklgo b]xfj;fg
kZrft ha ;f/f g]kfnLn] :jtM:k"mt{ ¿kdf skfn vf}l/P, dfUg]x¿ ;d]t k};f
dfu]/ /fhb/af/df k"mn r9fpg uP, To;a]nf d]/f] dgdf Pp6f cgf}7f] ;f]r
cfPsf] lyof], …lsg Tof] 36gfqmdnfO{ ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;b'kof]u gug]{ <Ú
tTsfn} d}n] Pp6f Mountain and The King gfds j[Qlrq agfpg] ljrf/ u/]+ .
oxL k[i7e"ldsf /fhfsf] bfx;+:sf/df nfvf}+ dflg;sf] dd{:kzL{ ljJxn
efjgfx¿, skfn sf6]sf ;Dk"0f{ o'jfju{x¿ / x\jLn lro/df a;]/ k'ikf~hnL
lbg cfpg]x¿sf] b[ZonfO{ 5fofÍg u/]/ Pp6f j[Qlrq agfO{ k|rf/—k|;f/df
ug]{ . of] j[Qlrqaf/] d}n] xf]6]n Pzf]l;P;g, kf6f, gf6f / g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf
dxfk|aGwsl;t klg b'O— { tLg r/0f s'/f u/]sf] lyP“ t/ sf/0fjz j[Qlrq eg]
agfpg ;lsPg .
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;f]r
sltko b]zdf wd{ / hftLo e]befjsf sf/0fn] ;dfh IftljIft
ePsf] 5 . t/ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df clxn];Dd wd{ / hftsf] gfp“af6 Psyf]kf
/ut au]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] /fli6«o ;lxi0f'tf hLjGt x'g'df /fh;+:yfsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf
lyof] h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . t/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k|hftflGqs cEof;df /fhf
;lqmo x'g'x'“b}g eGg] d]/f] dfGotf 5 . k|s[ltsf] of] lgod xf], h;/L df}/L /
sldnfsf /fgL vf]kLleq a;L/xG5g\\, To:t} cfw'lgs hdfgfdf /fhf OHhtsf
;fy cfºgf] :yfgdf lglZqmo eP/ a:g' k5{ . hgtfsf] ;]jf hgk|ltlglwn] g}
ug]{5g\\ . olb pgLx¿n] /fd|f] sfd u/]gg\ eg] s]xL ;dokl5 pgLx¿nfO{
hgtfn] g} nf]Kkf VjfO{ csf]{ hgk|ltlglw Nofpg]5g\\ . o;/L g} x'G5 k|hftflGqs

k|lqmofsf] lg/Gt/tf . oxL k|lqmofaf6 g} Pslbg b]zdf nfos g]tf cfp“5g\,
o;df s'g} z+s} 5}g .
d u}/ /fhgLlts dfG5] x'“bfx'“b} klg ddf s]xL /fhgLlts lrGtg ePsf]
dx;'; u5'{ . :s"n k9\g] a]nfdf dnfO{ 6\o";g k9fpg] d]/f u'?
k|ofu/fh l;+x ;'jfn To;a]nf sf“u|];sf g]tf lyP . pgsf] 3/df k9\g hf“bf
y'k|} sfo{stf{x¿sf] hd36 b]lvGYof] . af;' l/;fn, sdn lrqsf/x¿ pgsf]
3/df cfO{ 306f}+;Dd /fhgLlts ukmufkm ul//xGy] . d k9\g] lgx'“n] pgLx¿sf]
s'/f ;'lg/xGy+] . d}n] Tof] /fhgLlts jftfj/0fdf lg/Gt/ kf“r—5 jif{ latfPklg
slxNo} kf6L{ /fhgLlt ug]{ of]hgf agfOg . t/ k|hftGqsf] lrGtg d]/f] dgdf
ul9;s]sf] lyof] . zfob To;}sf] kmn:j¿k b/af/sf] k5fl8 xf]6]n vf]n]/ klg
ax'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ 6]jf lbg] d}n] ;fx; u/]+ . @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf
ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs lqmofsnfkdf cfºg} lsl;dn] nfu]klg b/af/af6 dnfO{
slxNo}, s'g} lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts bafj cfPg . /fhb/af/ k5fl8sf] d]/f]
xf]6]nsf] tnf a9fpg d}n] /fhb/af/df lalGtkq lbP“ . lagf/f]stf]s tnf yKg
cg'dlt kfP“ . SofG;/sf] If]qdf nfUbf zfxHofbL hoGtLl;t sfd ul/of] t/
slxNo} klg dk|lt pxf“df lj/f]wfef; b]lvg .
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;f]r
Pslbg b/af/sf tTsfnLg ;lrj gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7n] dnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g
ug'{eP5 . d]/f kL=P= n] 6]lnkmf]g p7fP . d}n] o"=Pg=8L=kL= df sfd ug]{
If]qkf6Lsf] d]/f] k'/fgf] ;fyL gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7 eG7fg]/ lagf;f]wk'5 Ps}rf]l6
6]lnkmf]gdf eg], æP gf/fo0fhL, Sofxf] w]/} lbgdf 6]lnkmf]g ug'{eof] lg †Æ
6]lnkmf]gaf6 æd /fhb/af/af6 gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7 af]n]sf] s0f{hL, tkfO{nfO{
Psrf]l6 e]6\g' 5, k'm;{b 5 tkfO{nfO{ <Æ egL ;f]Wg'eof] . d t tLg5Ss k/]+ .
To;a]nf /fhb/af/sf] gf/fo0fk|;fb eg]kl5 w]/} 7"nf dflg;df ulgGy] . ;f/f
b]zdf pgsf] rrf{ kl/rrf{ x'GYof] . d}n] ljgd|tfsf ;fy eg] æcf]xf], d}n] t
lrGg} ;lsg . d}n] t d]/f] ;fyL kf] eG7fg+], eGgf];\ xh"/ d}n] s] ug'{ k¥of] <Æ
ætkfO{+ Psrf]l6 d]/f] 3/df cfpg ;Sg'x'G5 <Æ, pxf“n] kmf]gaf6 ;f]Wg'eof] .
æckm sf];{ xh"/ d cfOxfN5' lg,Æ d}n] eg] . …wGojfbÚ eGb} pxf“n] 6]lnkmf]g
/fVg'eof] .
dnfO{ gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7sf] 3/} yfxf lyPg . To:tf] 7"nf] dfG5]nfO{

tkfO{sf] 3/ sxf“lg/ k5{ egL ;f]Wg' klg ePg . cflv/ d}n] c¿x¿l;t
pxf“sf] 7]ufgf ;f]w]/ Psflaxfg} kf6gsf] ;]G6d]l/h;“u}sf] pxf“sf] 3/ k'u]+ .
pxf“ Aof8ldG6g v]ln/fVg'ePsf] /x]5 . rf/}lt/ 5—;ft hgf To;a]nfsf /
clxn]sf dGqL;d]t e};s]sf jl/i7 /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ lyP . pxf“n] Pp6f
ef/]e"/] ;6 xfg]klg …af af † xh"/ Sof ;6 xfg]sf] †Ú eGb} pgLx¿ tfl/km
ul//fv]sf lyP . clg gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7 klg d';'Ss xf“;]/ pgLx¿sf] tfl/km
:jLsf/ ug'{x'GYof] . v]nsf] aLrd} pxf“n] dnfO{ b]Vg'eof] / t'?Gt} ætkfO{+ s0f{
zfSohL xf] <Æ egL ;f]Wg'eof] . æPsl5g\ x} zfSohL, of] Pp6f u]d l;Wofp“m .Æ
æx'G5Æ eGb} d}n] klg pxf“x¿sf] v]n x]l//x]+ . v]nkZrft\ ?dfnn] kl;gf k'5\b}
dnfO{ c“ufnf] xfn]/ pxf“ a:g] 3/sf] cufl8sf] 6x/fdf nfg'eof] . 6x/fdf pxf“n]
cfºgf] ;fgf] clkm; agfO{ /fVg'ePsf] /x]5 . aLrsf] uf]nf] 6]a'ndf y'k|}
kmfOnx¿ lyP . clg a;]/ dnfO{ gx]/Lsg kmfOn kN6fp“b} pxf“n] eGg'eof], æs0f{
zfSohL, tkfO{nfO{ >LnÍg ;/sf/n] jfl0fHob"tdf dgf]gog u/]sf] /x]5 .
o;sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k|ltlqmof dfu]sf] 5 .Æ pxf“n] k]ml/ eGg'eof],
æx]gf]{;\, xfd|f] k//fi6« dGqfnosf] lgod cg';f/ xfdLn] c¿ b]zdf jfl0fHob"t
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;f]r
dgf]gog ug{ ;S5f}+ t/ c¿ b]zn] g]kfnLx¿nfO{ dgf]gog u¥of] eg] xfdLn]
:jLs[lt lbg] rng 5}g, To;}n] tkfO{n] :jLs[ltlagf g} jfl0fHob"tsf] sfd ;'¿
u/] e}xfNYof] lg .Æ o; ljifodf d]/f] tTsfnLg k//fi6« ;lrj ljZjk|wfg / lrkm
ckm k|f]6sn ch'{gaxfb'/ l;+xl;t klg s'/f e};s]sf] lyof] . d}n] pxf“x¿nfO{
eg]sf] lyP“, æolb >LnÍg ;/sf/n] dnfO{ jfl0fHob"tdf dgf]gog ug{ >L % sf]
;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt dfu]sf] 5 eg] k//fi6« dGqfnon] lsg lb+b}g < d g]kfnL x“',
d oxf“ s/ lt5'{ . olb d 7Ls pDd]bjf/ x'“ eg] 7Ls eg]/ k7fpg' k¥of], olb
d]/f] /]s8{ /fd|f] 5}g eg] dnfO{ g/fd|f] eg]/ k7fpg' k¥of] .Æ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
:jLs[ltljgf d jfl0fHob"tsf] kb u|x0f ulb{g eg]/ pxf“x¿nfO{ d}n] klxn] g}
eg]sf] lyP“ . zfob To;}sf nflu k//fi6« dGqfnon] d]/f] kmfOn /fhb/af/
k7fPsf] xf]nf .
kmfOn x]bf{x]b}{ gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7n] dnfO{ csf]{ k|Zg ug'{eof], æs0f{hL,

tkfO{+ ax'bnjfbL ls lgb{njfbL <Æ d csdSsdf k/]+, s]xL hjfkm
glbO{ r'krfk al;/x]+ . Psl5gkl5 pxf“n] cln xf“;]/ k]ml/ ;f]Wg'eof] æd Pp6f
;fgf] k|Zg ub}{5' To;sf] hjfkm lbg tkfO{nfO{ lsg Tolta]/

nfu]sf] <Æ d}n] s] hjfkm lbg], ljrf/} ug{ ;lsg . cflv/df d}n] pxf“nfO{ eg]+
æxh"/n] Toltsf 7"Nf–7"nf dfG5]x¿nfO{ aflx/ /fv]/ dnfO{ c¨fnf] xfnL
leq;Dd Nofpg'eof] / olt 7"nf] OHht lbg'eof] . To;}n] xh"/nfO{ d}n] lha|f]af6
hjfkm lbpm“ ls cGt/fTdfaf6 <Æ d]/f] d'v} gx]/L d';'Ss xf“;]/ æh'g;'s}
efiffaf6 hjfkm lbPklg x'G5,Æ pxf“n] eGg'eof] . d}n] a'lemxfn]+, oxf“ d}n] e"m6f]
af]n] klg x'g] /x]5 . t/ d}n] Toxf“ e'm6f] af]Ng] k|of; ul/g . d}n] ;Lw}+ eg]
æ/fhfaf6 cfd g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ …ltdLx¿nfO{ lrof dgk5{ ls skmL dgk5{ <Ú
egL ;f]lwalS;of], x'g t dnfO{ lrof klg rN5 skmL klg rN5 t/ …ltdLnfO{
s] dgk5{ <Ú eg]/ ;f]w]kl5 d}n] skmL dgk5{ elglbPsf] x'“, cGoyf d]/f] s'g}
RjfO; 5}g .Æ d]/f] s'/f ;'Ggf;fy gf/fo0fk|;fbhLn] n]lv/fv]sf] snd 6]a'ndf
/fvL, æe]/L u'8, :df6{ cfG;/, n >LnÍg ;/sf/n] Pp6f nfos dflg;nfO{ g}
jfl0fHob"tdf dgf]gog u/]sf] /x]5 . wGojfb, n ca hfgf];\ tkfO{l;t e]6]/
33
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;f]r
v';L nfUof]Æ eGg'eof] . ;ft lbgkl5 >LnÍfsf] jfl0fHob"tsf nflu d]/f] gfddf
:jLs[ltkq cfOk'Uof] . d}n] a'e]mcg';f/ g]kfndf ljb]zL ;/sf/n] dgf]gog ug]{
jfl0fHob"t kbsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltkq kfpg] d klxnf]
jfl0fHob"t lyP“ . To;a]nf jL/]Gb|k|lt d]/f] >4f w]/} a9\of] lsgls ax'bnLo
k|hftGqdf cf:yf ePsf] yfxf kfp“bfkfp“b} klg dnfO{ ;/sf/af6 g}
jfl0fHob"tsf] nflu :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/of] .
kbsf nflu ;+sL0f{ ljrf/wf/fsf t/ dxTjfsfª\IfL g]tfx¿df s] of]

;Dej xf]nf < 7"nf kf6L{sf g]tfsf af/]df t s] s'/f, s'g} kf6L{l;t cfa4 g}
gePsf Pshgf d]/f] :s"nsf ;dsIfL, hf] Pstfsf dGqL aGg k'u], pgn] bz
nfv ko{6s g]kfndf leœofpg] dGtJo k|s6 u/]sf lyP cfheGbf rf}aL; jif{
klxn] . g]kfndf To;a]nf b'Oj6fdfq kf“r tf/] xf]6]n lyP . ;fKtflxs ljdz{sf
;Dkfbs xl/x/ lj/xLn] d]/f] k|ltlqmof 6]lnkmf]gdfk{mt hfGg vf]Hbf— …of] ;Dej
5}g . of] t clxn]sf] kl/j]zdf cfsfzdf dxn agfpg] h:tf] s'/f xf]Ú eGg] d}n]
l6Kk0fL u/]+ . d]/f] l6Kk0fLnfO{ xl/x/ lj/xLn] 7"N7"nf] cIf/sf zLif{s /fvL
…cfsfzdf dxnÚ eg]/ 5fk]kl5 d]/f ;fyL t cfuf] eP5g\ . p;n] emG8} aL;—
kRrL; jif{ e};s]sf] 5, dl;t gaf]n]sf] . ldl6¨ jf kf6L{x¿df e]6eof] eg]klg
pgL p“m6n] h:t} 6fpsf] kmsf{P/ dlt/ x]g{ rfx“b}gg\ . k|hftGq km:6fpg
g;s]sf] zfobo:t} cb"/bzL{ /fhgLlts dgf]j[lQsf] sf/0fn] klg xf] ls †
34
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—#
Psrf]l6 kms]{/ x]/f}+ t †

æ3/sf cfOdfO{nfO{ v]tjf/Lsf] sfddf hf]t]/, afnaRrfnfO{ ufO{, uf]?, afv|f
r/fpg nufP/ cfk"mrflx“ j/kLknsf] zLtn 5fofd'lg rf}tf/Ldf a;]/ /]l8of]
6«flGhi6/ ;'Gb}, af3rfn, Sofl/d, tf; v]Nb} lbg latfpg] clg …of] ePgÚ,
…Tof] ePgÚ eg]/ lx+8\g] k/hLjLx¿n] slxNo} cj;/ u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . xL/f
vfgLdf kfOG5, vfgLaf6 xL/f lgsfNgsf lglDt ulx/f sf]OnfvfgLdf
sf]Onf;“u} rNg'k5{ . sf]OnfvfgLdf xL/f kfpg sfnfDo} x'g tof/ x'g'k5{ .
clgdfq k|fKt x'G5 xL/f . s;}n] s;}nfO{ lbg cfk}+m cfp“b}g cj;/ . of] t
vf]Hg] rLh xf], u|x0f ug]{ rLh xf], k|of]u ug]{ rLh xf] / d]xgt u/]/ k|fKt
ug]{ rLh xf] .Æ
s'g}klg /fhgLlts Joj:yfdf /fHosf] zf;g rnfpg g]tfx¿dfq

xf]Og, g]tfx¿nfO{ r'g]/ k7fpg] hgtfdf klg r]tgf / hfu/0f x'g'k5{ .
pgLx¿df ljj]ssf] ljsf; geP;Dd h'g;'s} /fhgLltstGq cfPklg To;n]
sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . bfz{lgs b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] zf;g rnfpg] g]tf / hgtf
b'j} /fd|f] eP s'g} csf]{ tGqsf] cfjZostf x'“b}g . /fd/fHodf hxf“lgof“ zf;g
eP/ klg /fhfb]lv k|hf;Dd ;j} wdf{Tdf / OdfGbf/ e}lbPsf] x'“bf, Toxf“
35
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v'lzofnL lyof] . pbfx/0f:j¿k xfdL eGg] u5f}{, æof] t /fd/fHo h:t}
eof] .Æ tL /dfOnf wfld{s syfx¿ ;'Gbf /fd|f nfUnfg\ t/ Jojxf/df nfu"
x'“b}gg\ . clxn] dflg;x¿sf] dgf]j[lQdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . cg]s
ljrf/ / dgMl:ylt ePsf dflg;x¿ 5g\\ clxn]sf] ;dfhdf . o:tf] cj:yfdf
Pp6f Jofjxfl/s Joj:yfn] dfq l:ylt ;DxfNg ;S5 .
ljut bz—af¥x jif{sf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df g]kfndf w]/} pynk'yn

eP . cg]s /fhgLlts cEof;x¿ ul/P . hgtfn] ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf
lqmofsnfkx¿sf] d"NofÍg l9nf]—rf“8f] ul/;s]sf 5g\\ . sf+u|];, Pdfn],
/f=k|=kf=, ldlnh'nL ;/sf/ / :jo+ /fhfsf] zf;g klg x]l/of], cg'ej ul/of] .
lgisif{df eGg'kbf{ hgtfsf] ;xof]u lagf s'g}klg zf;g rNg ;Sb}g . To;}n]
t xf]nf, g]kf]lnog af]gfkf6{ klg b'O{ rLh;“u 8/fp“y— ] Pp6f lgxTyf hgtf
/ csf]{ snd . t/ of] /fhgLlts cÍul0ftnfO{ g]kfnL g]tfx¿n] slxNo}
a'e]mgg\ . clxn] ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿ / ca x'“bfx'“b} …PsJolQm—
Pskf6L{Ú le“mu]bfpjfbL /fhgLlt1x¿ klg hgtf / k|hfsf] gfp“df /fhgLlt
ul//fv]sf 5g\\ . hgtfnfO{ cfºgf] :jfy{sf nflu k|of]u ul/g] a:t' (Take it for
granted) sf ¿kdf lnO/fv]sf 5g\\ . dfgf}+ hgtf eg]sf t e]+8f—afv|f x'g\ .
x/]sn] hgtfnfO{ cf—cfºgf] /fhgLlts sf]6df ;hfpg] u'nfkm km"nsf] ¿kdf
lnO/fv]sf 5g\\ . hgtfn] s] rfx]sf] 5, Tof] yfxf kfp“bfkfp“b} klg nfh;/d
krfP/ cfºgf] JolQmut / bnLo :jfy{nfO{ hgtfsf] nflu eg]/ cfºgf
wf/0ffx¿ lgeL{s ¿kn] 5f“l6/xG5g\\ . o;/L hgtfsf] gfp“df hgtfnfO{ g}
b'Mv lbO/x“bf of] k|j[lQn] k|hftGqk|lt g} ljt[i0ff hufOlbG5 .
h] h:tf] ePklg Pp6f s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] dfGg} k5{, k|hftGq :jrflnt

/fhgLlts ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] cr"s af6f] xf] . s]xL ;dosf lgldQ zfob of]
k4ltn] cGof]nsf] ;[hgf ug{ ;Snf, ;dfhdf s]xL b'Mv klg lbg ;Snf t/
Pp6f r'gfjkl5 csf]{ r'gfjsf] k|lqmofut k4ltn] Pslbg ;sf/fTds glthf
36
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;f]r
Nofpg]5 . o;n] slt ;do n]nf, eGg sl7g 5 . t/ hlt;'s} ;do
lnPtfklg /fi6«sf] cfo'sf] ;Gbe{df tL lbg, Tof] ;do nfdf] x'“b}g . ha
;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf lglxt x'G5, hgtf cfk}+m ;r]t eP/ hfG5g\\ .
s] 7Ls, s] a]7Ls eGg] lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf (Sense of judgement) hgtfn]
ljsf; ub}{ nfG5 . To;f] ePkl5 hgtfn] zfob Psrf]l6 wf]sf vfnf, b'O{
rf]l6 wf]sf vfnf, t];|f] rf]l6df t cjZo klg p;n] xf]z k'¥ofp“5 . o;/L
k|hftflGqs k4ltdf hgtfdf /fhgLlts lrGtg / hfu/0fsf] ljsf; x'“b}
hfG5 . hgtfsf] dgMl:yltdf dfq xf]Og, g]tf Pj+ sfo{stfx¿sf] af}l4s

:t/ klg pRr eP/ hfG5 . ;a} g]tf, sfo{stf{ rf]/} eO/xG5g\\, km6fxf g}
eO/xG5g\\ / e|i6 g} eO/xG5g\\ eGg] cfjZostf 5}g .
rf}w jif{sf] k|hftGqsf] Oltxf;df cb"/bzL{ g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{x¿sf]

cIfdtfsf] sf/0fn] s]xL /fhgLlts cGof]n ;[hgf ePtfklg b]zdf cjZo
s]xL k|ult ePsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . pQm sfnv08df k|hftflGqs zf;gsf]
:j¿k ;kmn eGg g;lsP tfklg y'k|} ;sf/fTds sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\\ . t/
ckm;f]r † xfdLn] To;nfO{ a'¤g} rfx]gf}+ . slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{ crDd nfU5,
g]kfndf e|i6frf/sf] oltsf huhuL x'“bfx'“b} klg g]kfnn] oltsf ljsf;
s;/L u¥of] < olb /fhgLlts g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xL af6f]df
8f]xf]¥ofpg ;s]sf] eP oL rf}w jif{df xfdLn] slt ljsf; ul/;SYof}+ xf]nf †
s]xL gubf{ t k|hftGqn] xfdLnfO{ oltsf lbPsf] 5 . t/ lsg xf] s'lGg †
xfdLn] o;nfO{ :jLsfg{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . cem dnfO{ nfU5, xfdLn] a'¤g]
sf]lz; g} ul//x]sf 5}gf}+ . zfob ljutsf lbgx¿df ;xg} g;lsg], Joxf]g}{
g;lsg] / yfDg} g;lsg] /fhgLlts, cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs cGof]n /
ljifdtfsf] sf/0fn] cfd g]kfnL hgtfdf lg/fzf / cGof]nk"0f{ jftfj/0f
5fof], h;n] ubf{ k|hftGqk|lt g} la:tf/} hgtfsf] cf:yf x/fpg yfNof] .
o:tf] ;+qmd0fsfndf xfd|f] st{Jo s] x'G5 eg], xfdLn] ljut af¥x jif{leq
37
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;f]r
k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ x]g'{k¥of], a'¤g'k¥of] clg k|hftGqk|ltsf]
cf:yf / ljZjf;nfO{ hufpg] sfd ug'{k¥of] . t'iff/fkft ePsf] g]kfnLsf] dg
/ dl:tisnfO{ pa{/ agfpg, cfzf / ljZjf;nfO{ psf:g / k|hftGqk|ltsf]
cf:yfnfO{ k'ghf{u[t u/fpg xfdLn] clxn] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwx¿nfO{
;Demg} k5{ .
jf:tjdf k|hftGqn] g]kfnnfO{ w]/} s'/f lbPsf] 5 / l;sfPsf] klg

5 . t/ slxn] klg xfdLn] o;sf] ;xL d"NofÍg u/]gf}+ . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg]
xfdLn] slxn] klg kl5lNt/ kms]{/ x]g{ hfg]gf}+ . 5}g, k'u]g, ePg eGg] s'/fn]
g} xfdLnfO{ ;w}+ c;Gt'i6 agfO/x\of] . klxn] xfdL sxf“ lyof}+ / cfh xfdL sxf“
5f} < lxhf] xfdLl;t s] s] lyof] / cfh xfdLl;t s] s] 5 < Tof] s]nfpg
xfdLn] vf]h]gf}+ . k|hftGq kl5sf sl/a kGw| jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdLn] xfl;n
u/]sf pknlAwx¿sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ xf] eg] w]/} xtf]T;flxt aGg' kg]{
cfjZostf 5}g . o;f] 3f]l/P/ ;f]rf}+ t s]xL jif{ klxn];Dd Pp6f ;fgf] 3fp
h“rfpg xfdL k6gf of uf]/vk'/sf cljsl;t c:ktfnx¿df hfg]
uYof}{+ . cfh g]kfndf g} d'6' vf]n]/ ck/]zg ul/G5 . 6fpsf] h:tf]
;Dj]bgzLn c¨;d]t vf]n]/ cToGt ;Gtf]ifhgs zNolqmof eO/x]sf] 5 . s]
of] :jf:Yo If]qdf ePsf] k|ult xf]Og < ljutsf jif{x¿df g]kfndf SofG;/
/f]u pkrf/sf] sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;ls+b}gYof] t/ cfh ;a}h;f] 7"nf
c:ktfnx¿df SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/ ug]{ zfvfx¿ v'ln;s]sf 5g\\ .
e/tk'/df t cem blIf0f Plzofs} Pp6f cfw'lgstd SofG;/ c:ktfnsf]
;+rfng;d]t e};s]]sf] 5 . klxn] la/fdL x'“bf 8fS6/nfO{ hrfpg 306f}+;Dd
jL/ c:ktfnsf] nfdf] nfOgdf s'g'{kYof]{, clxn] 6f]n—6f]ndf c:ktfn,
gl;{ªxf]dx¿ v'ln;s]sf 5g\ .
38
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;f]r
lzIffsf] If]qdf klg xfdLn] sd pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf 5}gf}+ . af¥x
jif{ klxn];Dd clwsf+z kl/jf/sf s]6fs]6Lx¿ ljb]zdf k9\g hfGy] . jif{sf]
s/f]8f}+ ¿k}of“ ljb]lzGYof]] . 5f]/f5f]/L aflx/ k9\g k7fp“bf ;Dk"0f{ kfl/jfl/s
hLjgdf k|lts"n c;/ k5{ . jif{sf] b'O— { tLgrf]l6 aRrf lng, k'¥ofpg ljb]z
e|d0f ubf{ cfly{s kIfaf6 dfq xf]Og, ef}lts Pj+ zf/Ll/s lx;fan] klg b'Mv
x'G5 . cfh g]kfndf sd;]sd ef/t / blIf0f Plzofsf] ;dfg :t/sf :s"n,
sn]hx¿ :yfkgf e};s]sf 5g\\ . Psflt/ :jb]zd} cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] lzIff
k|fKt ub}{5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ljBfyL{x¿n] g]kfnLkg klg ;“u;“u} l;Sb}5g\\ .
of]eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw s] x'g;S5 < cGoq klg of]eGbf a9L sxf“ s] kf] ePsf]
5 / < klxn] Pp6f 8fS6/L sf]if{sf] l;6 kfpgsf lglDt ljb]zL b"tfjf;sf
rk|f;Lsf] rfs8L ug{ hfg'kYof]{ . Pp6f Ol~hlgol/Ë sf]if{sf] l;6 k|fKt ug{sf
lgldQ ljb]zL ljZjljBfnox¿df 7"nf] /sd r9fpg'kYof]{, y'k|f] d]xgt / si6
ug'{kYof]{ . cfh 8fS6/ / Ol~hlgo/ dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] Joj:yfkg
/ cGo ljwfsf lzIff xfl;n ug{ g]kfndf g} bh{gf} sn]hx¿ 5g\\ . Pp6f
ljZjljBfnoaf6 clxn] em08} bh{gf}+ pRr:t/Lo lzIf0f ;+:yfgx¿
v'lnO;s]sf 5g\\ . g]kfndf clxn] g]kfnL ljBfyL{dfq xf]Og, ljb]zaf6 klg

k9\g cfpg] qmd a9\bf] 5 . lzIffsf] IF]qdf s] of] ljsf; xf]Og < pknlAw
xf]Og <
clxn]sf] lg/fzfhgs kl/l:yltdf o:tf b'O— { rf/j6f pbfx/0f lbP/

dfq g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf cjwf/0ffnfO{ OlËt ug{ ;lsGg . t/ g]kfndf s]xL
ePs} 5}g, x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] cToGt gsf/fTds ;f]rn] xfdLnfO{ olt lg/fz
agfPsf] 5, o:tf b'O— { rf/j6f pknlAwsf s'/fx¿ ;'g]/dfq xfd|f cf“vf
v'Nb}gg\ . s'Des0f{ h:tf] g}/fZosf] lr/ lgb|fdf nLg ePsfx¿nfO{ hufpg /
Ao'“emfpg o:tf Pp6f—b'O6f pbfx/0fdfq lbP/ k'Ub}g . lg/fzfsf] cGwsf/do
afbnnfO{ x6fpg / eljiosf] pHofnf] ls/0fnfO{ b]vfpg zfob g]kfndf
ePsf c¿ pknlAwx¿nfO{ klg xfdLn] x]g'{ k5{ .
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;f]r
o;} ;Gbe{df ;~rf/sf] IF]qdf Psrf]l6 k'g/fjnf]sg u/f}+ t †

k|hftGq k'gM:yfkgf gx'“bf;Dd xfd|f] l:ylt s:tf] lyof] < uf]/vfkq / /fOlhË
g]kfnsf] Psnf}6L lyof] . ufp“ 3/df /]l8of] / 6«flGh:6/sf] PlG6gf 3'dfO{—
3'dfO{ /]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;dfrf/ ;'Gg'kYof]{ . To;dfly g;'gL gx'g] s'/} klg s]
lyof] / † ;/sf/sf] PstkmL{ jStJo, dGqLx¿sf PstkmL{ efif0fx¿ . lrGtg
/ ;~rf/sf] c“Wof/f] Ogf/df g]kfnLx¿ y'lgO/x]sf lyP To;a]nf . cfh
6]lnlehgs} dfqklg rf/—kf“r j6f Rofgnx¿ 5g\\ . lhNnf lhNnfdf
Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] / sf7df8f+}df dfq} bh{gf} Pkm=Pd= :6]zgx¿ 5g\\ .
af]Ng]x¿n] cfºgf] ljrf/ lgeL{stfk"j{s k|:t't ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\\ / ;'Gg]x¿n]
s] ;'Gg] s] g;'Gg] 5fgL—5fgL ;'Gg kfO/x]sf 5g\\ . >f]tf / bz{sx¿n] ;'g]/,
x]/]/, dgg u/]/ lgSof]{n ug]{ af}l4s Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . @)$^ ;fn
cl3;Dd xfdL d'v vf]Ng g;Sg] l:yltdf lyof}+ eg] cfh h] klg af]Ng
kfO/x]sf 5f}+ . dgdf p7]sf ;Dk"0f{ OR5f—cfsf+Iffx¿ lagfcj/f]w JoQm ug{
kfOPsf] 5 . x'g t v'nfkg / 5f8fkgsf] aLr Pp6f ;Eo ;fdflhs l;dfgf
x'g' clt cfjZos 5 . o;nfO{ ;/sf/L lgod sfg"gn] eGbf klg dflg;sf]
;Eotf / ljj]sn] g} /]vfÍg ug]{ sfd u5{ . clxn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] h'g
lsl;dsf] cfd x8tfn, rSsf hfd / k|bz{gx¿ ul//fv]sf 5g\\, To;df
hgtfn] c;xdlt hgfO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkk|lt

hgtfsf] ljt[i0ff / c;xdlt :ki6 gb]lvP klg r'gfjtfsf hgtfn] cfºgf]
OR5f hfx]/ ug]{5g\\ . t/ h]xf];\, d}n] oxf“ eGg vf]lh/x]sf] k|hftGq kZrft\
;~rf/sf] If]qdf xfdLn] h]hlt clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5f}+, To;nfO{ xfdLn]
s;/L d"NofÍg ug]{ <
a}+ls¨ IF]qdf klg sd k|ult ePsf] 5}g . s]xL jif{ klxn];Dd Ps

xhf/ ¿k}of“ a}+saf6 lemSg 306f}+;Dd nfOgdf a:g'kYof]{ . cfºg} k};f lngsf
nflu a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lsf] rfs/L ug'{kYof]{ . cfh a}+ssf] l:yltdf sfofkn6
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;f]r
ePsf] 5 . a}+sleq k:bf ljb]zd} k'u]sf] h:tf] cg'ej x'G5 . sd{rf/Lsf]
Jojxf/df zfnLgtf / ;dosf] jrt x'G5 . olt dfq xf]Og, klxn] s'g} pBd
ug{sf] lgldQ C0f lng hf“bf Pg=cfO{=8L=;L= df jiff{}+ s'g'{kYof]{ . sd{rf/Lsf]
rfs/L ug'{kYof]{ / df]6f] /sd ;nfdLsf ¿kdf r9fpg' kYof]{ . cfh a}+ls¨
;]jf 3/—3/df k'lu;s]sf] 5 . C0f lng ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . sfd ug]{n] df}sf
kfP / ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] ha g]kfndf a}+ls¨ ;]jf ;'ne eof], ToxL“b]lv
g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df k|ult ePsf] 5 . o:t} ko{6g IF]qs} pknlAwsf
af/]df x]/f}+ . lxhf];Dd zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] xfd|f] cfsfz y'lg/fv]sf]
lyof] . cfh l;¨f] cfsfz v'nf ul/Psf] 5 / cGo lghL jfo' ;]jfx¿ klg
v'n]sf 5g\\ . xfdLn] la;]{sf 5}gf}+, lxhf];Dd bz}–+ ltxf/df 3/ hfg' kbf{
Go"/f]8sf] zf=g]=jf=lg= sf] ejg aflx/ 8]/f xfnL ;'Tg'kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . cfh
w]/} ljs6 IF]q klg ;'ud ePsf 5g\\ / xjfO{hxfhdf e|d0f ug]{ gAa] k|ltzt
u|fxs g]kfnL g} e};s]sf 5g\\ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] g]kfnLsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf
¿kdf lng] ls glng] < elgG5, ;fgf d'n'ssf] cg'kftdf Plzofsf ;a}eGbf
a9L Po/kf]6{x¿ g]kfnd} v'ln;s]sf 5g\\ /] . ljut rf}w jif{df g]kfnsf]
ko{6gn] w]/} 7"nf] km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . xf]6]n, 6«]lsª, ¥oflº6ª, kj{tf/f]x0f /
cGo ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] IF]qdf xfdLn] w]/} k|ultdfq u/]sf xf]Ogf}+, xfdL clxn]
ljZj ko{6gsf] dfglrqdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ .
xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ slxNo} lrGg ;s]gf}+, cfºgf] zlQmsf] cfef; slxNo}

ePg . Psrf]l6 xfdL cfºg} hLjg:t/nfO{ t'ngf u/f}+ . lxhf];Dd g]kfnLsf]
qmozlQm k'm6kfy] k;ndf dfq ;Lldt lyof] t/ cfh uNnL—uNnLdf

emlsemsfp ;fgf–7"nf l8kf6{d]G6 :6f]/, k|]m; xfp;x¿ vf]lnPsf 5g\\ . oL
k;ndf ;fdfg lsGg cfpg]x¿ ;a} ljb]zL xf]Ogg\, clwsf+z g]kfnLx¿ g}
x'G5g\\ . g]kfnLsf] qmozlQm sxf“af6 a9\of] < klxn] Pp6f :ofp vfg la/fdL
x'g'kYof]{ . c;g, Gx}sGtnf / Tof}8 hfg] af6f] / uNnLx¿df klxn] :yfgLo
ls;fgx¿ vk{gdf sfpnL a]Rg cfp“bf ºof“lsPsf sfpnLsf kft u'Gb|'s
41
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;f]r
agfpgsf nflu dWodju{ kl/jf/sf cfOdfO{x¿n] ;d]t l6k]/ nfg] uy]{ t/
clxn] c;g, sfnLdf6L / cGo t/sf/L ahf/x¿df ;f“emkv uof] eg]]
vfgof]Uo uf]ne]+8f / xl/of ;fukft k|Zf:t ºof“lsO/fv]sf x'G5g\\ / kl5
TolQs} s'lxP/ hfG5 . t/ s;}n] klg Toxf“af6 tL vfgof]Uo t/sf/L l6k]/
n}hfb}g . s] of] xfd|f] hLjg:t/ plS;Psf] ;Í]t xf]Og <
clxn];Dd xfdLn] sf7df8f}+ leqsf pknlAwx¿af/] dfq s'/f u¥of}+

t/ ljsf;sf slgsf sf7df8f}+df dfq xf]Og, b]zsf cGoq 7fp“x¿df klg
5l/Psf 5g\\ . s]xL ;do cl3;Dd sf7df8f}+jf;Lx¿ t/fO{lt/ hf“bf Toxf“sf
dflg;x¿n], …nf}g xl/of] ;fu NofOlbgf];\ g, sfpnL NofOlbgf];\ gÚ eg]/
;fyLefO, O:6ldqx¿;“u kmdf{O; uy]{ . t/ cfh ;of}+ 6«s Kofh, uf]ne+]8f,
aGbf, sfpnL, efG6f / slxNo} gb]lvPsf cg]s hftsf ;fukft /
t/sf/Lx¿ aflx/af6 sf7df8f}+ lelqG5g\\ . s[lifsf] IF]qdf h'g ljsf; ePsf]
5, To;nfO{ sd cf“Sg ldNb}g . klxn] sf7df8f}+df va'{hf vfg kfOb}gYof],
ta'{hf vfg kfOb}gYof] t/ cfh tL va'{hf, ta'{hf / cg]s kmnkm'nx¿
g]kfnsf ljleGg efux¿af6} sf7df8f}+df k|z:t} cfp“5g\\ . dT:okfngsf]
ljsf; To;} cg'kftdf ePsf] 5 . lxhf];Dd wfgv]tdf kfOg] lxn]] df5fdf
dfq ;Gt'li6 lng] g]kfnL cfh bh{gf}+ hftsf tfhf df5fx¿ vfg kfpg]
e};s]sf 5g\\ . o:t} s'v'/f kfngdf qmflGtsf/L km8\sf] dfl/Psf] 5 . d ;fgf]
5“bf Pp6f c08f vfgsf] lglDt hGdlbg s'g'{kYof]{ . cfh c08f cfn'eGbf klg
;:tf] e};Sof] . xfdL ljsf;sf] of] ultnfO{ lsg :jLsfg{ ;Sb}gf}+ <
af¥x jif{ klxn] d Psrf]l6 /fd]5fk e|d0fdf uPsf] lyP“ . To;a]nf

xfdLn] Ps s]hL] rfdnsf] emG8} tLg;o krf; ¿k}of“ lt/]sf lyof}+ . cb'jfsf]
efp ;f]Wbf lsnf]sf] tLg;o ¿k}of“ eg]sf] lyof] . clxn] /fd]5fkd} Ps lsnf]
cb'jfsf] 5QL; ¿k}of“, rfdn Pslsnf]sf] tL; ¿k}of“ eGg] s'/f ;'g]+ . s]
42
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;f]r
ljsf; sf7df8f}+df dfq ;Lldt ePsf] 5 / < cGt ljsf;sf] vf]nf au]sf]
5}g <
tL; jif{ klxn] d cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] 3fGb|'s, r'Da'|ª cflb ufp“x¿df

3'Dg hfGy]+ . ufp“ 7fp“df lx8\bf w]/} kmf]xf]/ lyof] . af; a:bf w"jf“n]
;f/fsf;f/f sf]7fx¿ c“Wof/f] ;'¿¨ h:tf b]lvGy] . 3/leqsf] jftfj/0f olt
kmf]xf]/ b]lvGYof] Toxf“ vfgf vfg g} cK7\of/f] nfUYof] . t/ clxn] cGgk"0f{ If]q
cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cfsif{s uGtJo:yn e};s]sf] 5 . cg'kd k|fs[lts Pj+
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] /dfOnf] bf]efg ag]sf] 5 clxn]sf] cGgk"0f{ If]q . ;kmf
;'3
“ / af6f]3f6f], cToGt :jR5 jftfj/0f clg lx;L k/]sf ;Eo ufp“n]x¿ . of]
If]q ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cfsif{s kbofqf:ynsf] ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf]] 5 .
of] g]kfnL dfqsf] uj{sf] ljifo xf] .
ljsf;sf ls/0f x]g{nfO{ klg ;sf/fTds cf“vf rflxG5 . s]xL ;do

cl3 d hf]d;f]d / dfkmf{ k'u]sf] lyP“ . Toxf“ :ofpsf] v]tL x]g{ hf“bf af6f]—
af6f]df :ofp g} :ofp la5\ofO/fv]sf] h:tf] nfUYof] . lx+8\g] af6f] g} lyPg,
:ofj}:ofpdf 6]s]/ lx+8\g' kYof]{ . gu/sf]6 hfg zxl/ofx¿ l7dLdf af; a;]/
hfg' kYof]{ . cfh g]kfnsf clwsf+z ufp“x¿ ;'ud e};s]sf 5g\ . t}klg
xfdLnfO{ ljsf; k'u]sf] 5}g . d ;fgf] 5“bf d]/f] dfdf3/ nugdf lah'nL aQL
lyPg . cfh Toxf“ dWo/ftdf klg lah'nLsf] pHofnf]n] lbgsf] cg'e"lt lbG5 .
rfnL; jif{ klxn] d ci6«]lnof hf“bf d]/f] xjfO{hxfhsf] l6s6 agfpg bz
lbg nfu]sf] lyof] . clxn] d]/f] sf]7faf6 ;+;f/sf s'g} klg d'ns ' sf s'gf—
sfKrfsf nflu klg xjfO{hxfhdfq xf]Og, a:g] xf]6]n / r9\g] uf8Lsf] ;d]t
a'lsª ug{ ;lsG5 .
;'v / b'Mv eg]sf ;fk]lIft j:t' (Relative Matter) x'g\, lgtfGt k[ys\
j:t' xf]Ogg\ . k'Ug]nfO{ yf]/} ePklg k'U5, gk'Ug]nfO{ hlt ePklg k'Ub}g . slt
k'Uof]nfO{ k'Uof] eGg], slt k'u]gnfO{ k'u]g eGg] < clg, slt ePkl5 ljsf;
43
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;f]r
eGg] < x'g], gx'g], ;DkGg / ljkGgsf] l;dfgf sf]g{ clt g} uf¥xf] 5 .
afO; jif{ klxn] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] xjfO{df cjl:yt East West
Center n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0fÚ ljifos Ps uf]i7Ldf
efu lng d uPsf] lyP“ . ;Dd]ngdf blIf0f PlzofnL d'n'sx¿sf tL;—
rfnL; hgf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL lyP . x/]s b]zn] cf–cfºgf] b]zsf] sfo{kq
(Country Paper) k|:t't ug'{kg]{ lyof] . ;a} k|ltlglwn] cf—cfºgf] d'n'sn]
;+/If0f k|of;df slt nufgL u¥of] eGg] af/]df ljj/0fx¿ lbPsf lyP .
cfly{s s'/f ubf{ pgLx¿n] :jfefljs ¿kn] cf–cfºgf] b]zsf] s"n /fli6«o
cfosf af/]df klg pNn]v u/] . ha d]/f] kfnf] cfof], d}n] cfºgf] b]zsf] s'n
/fli6«o pTkfbg GNP clt Go"g ePtfklg GNH clt pRr ePsf] s'/f
atfP“ . GNP t ;a}n] ;'g]sf]] xf], k/Gt' GNH zAbn] eg] ;a}nfO{ sf}t"xnk"0f{
agfof] . d}n] eg]+ æGNH eg]sf] Gross National Happiness -s'n /fli6«o
;Gt'li6_ xf] .Æ d}n] hf]8 lbP“ æ/fi6«sf nflu GNP eGbf GNH dxTjk"0f{ x'G5
lsgeg] dflg; cfTd;Gt'li6sf nflu g} ljsf; u5{ / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f
u5{ .Æ GNH zAb ;a}nfO{ olt dgk¥of] tLg lbg;Dd uf]i7Ldf ;'v, ;d[l4 /
;+/If0fsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwsf af/]df g} 5nkmn s]lGb|t eof]] . cGtdf
;Dd]ngsf] gfds/0f ;d]t GNH sf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k g} HAPI /flvof]
h:fsf] cy{ lyof], Heritage of Asia & Pacific Island . d]/f nflu of] uj{sf] s'/f
lyof] lsgeg] d]/f] bfz{lgs dgf]efjgfs} kl/0ffd:j¿k Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o
;Dd]ngsf] gfds/0f ug{ ;Dej eof] . ;g\ !(*@ df cfof]lht ;f]
;Dd]ngdf g]kfnaf6 k|fWofks ;'bz{g/fh ltjf/L / xfj{8{ ljZjljBfnoaf6
cfPsf 8fS6/ clDasf clwsf/L klg ;xefuL lyP . kl5 e'6fgsf /fhfn]
klg cfºgf] b]zsf] cfly{s kIfnfO{ kl/eflift ug{ GNH zAb k|of]u u/] eGg]
;'g+] . of] s;/L eof], dnfO{ yfxf ePg . zfob of] xfd|f] 6]lnKofyL xf] ls <
44
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;f]r
k|hftGqn] g]kfndf klg ljsf; NofPsf] 5 / o;n] xfdLnfO{ w]/}
clwsf/ klg lbPsf] 5 . t/ k|hftGqsf] Pp6f lj8DagfnfO{ xfdLn] ;'Nemfpg
;s]gf}+ . k|hftGqn]] xfdLnfO{ cfºgf] clwsf/sf] dfu ug]{ r]tgf t lbof] t/
sQ{Jo k"/f ug{ eg] l;sfPg . clwsf/ eg] vf]Hg], sQ{Jo rflx+ k"/f gug]{ <
clwsf/ / sQ{JoaLr xfdLn] k'n agfpg} k5{ . To;kl5 dfq dflg;sf]
ef}lts ljsf; / lrGtgsf] lgsf;df ;Gt'ng x'g hfG5 . ljsf; ;“u;“u}
s]xL xb;Dd ljs[lt klg cfpg] x'“bf c;Gtf]ifsf] nx/ l;h{gf x'g] u5{ .
ljsf; eg]sf] ug]{ sfo{ xf], ljs[lt rflx+ /f]Sg] xf] . ljsf;;“u cfpg] ljs[lt
/f]Sg xfdLn] clwsf/sf ;fy;fy} st{Jo klg kfngf ug'{k5{ . clwsf/ /
st{Josf] tfnd]n gldNg' eg]sf] JolQm ljz]ifsf] sdhf]/L dfq xf]Og, gLlt /
lgodsf] cefj klg xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] cljsl;t d'n'sdf ljs[lt cfp“5 eg]/
ljsf;sf] af6f]nfO{ /f]Sg] s'/f ePg . ljsf; klg ub}{ hfg' k¥of] / Tof]l;t
cfpg] ljs[ltx¿nfO{ klg ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg' k¥of] . o;sf nflu e/kbf{ /
alnof P]glgod / sfg"gx¿ th'{df ug}k{ 5{ . lgb]{zgx¿sf] kfngf x'g}
k¥of] . o:tf sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿ alnof ePgg\ eg] b]zdf ;Gt'lnt lsl;dn]
ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu k|hftGq sdhf]/ x'g' ePg . t/ sfg"gL
/fHo alnof] eof] eGb}df k|hftGq sdhf]/ eof] eGg klg ldNb}g . olb o;f]
xf] eg] l;¨fk'/ / cGo ljsl;t /fi6«x¿df ;d]t k|ult x'g] lyPg xf]nf . s]
To;sf] dtna Toxf“ k|hftGq 5}g / <
g]kfndf 5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} gjwgf9\ox¿ ag] . sltko dflg;x¿

;+:sf/ Pj+ ;Eotf lagf g} cfw'lgs ljsf;sf] bf}8df cufl8 k'u]sf x'“bf
pgLx¿ g xf“;, g s'v'/fsf] rfndf km;] . Tof] k|efjzfnL ;d"x, hf] ;a}yf]s
eP/, k'u]/ klg c;Gt'i6 g} /x\of] . pgLx¿sf] k|bz{gd'vL hLjgz}nL /
wgk|ltsf] pGdfbn] c¿nfO{ ;d]t c;Gt'i6 t'NofOlbof] . dnfO{ nfU5,
g]kfndf clxn] ;fdflhs Pj+ /fhgLlts cl:y/tf Nofpg] ;d"x oxL xf] .
ufp“3/df v]tL ug]{ ls;fgx¿ / cfºgf b}lgs /f]huf/L ug]{ sfdbf/x¿ cf—
45
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;f]r
cfºgf] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\\ . pgLx¿df clwsf/eGbf st{Josf] 1fg 5 . t/
vf; u/L ;Lldt lzIff xfl;n u/]sf, dWodjuL{o cfd g]kfnL …ldl8n Snf;Ú
;d"x clxn]sf] cGof]nk"0f{ kl/l:yltsf sf/0f ps';d's'; e}/x]sf] 5 . cf
cfºgf] k/Dk/fut k]zfsf sfd ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ dg 5}g / cfw'lgs
hLjgz}nL klg pgLx¿sf nflu ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g . cf—cfºgf] ;DkGg /
uf}/jdo ;EotfnfO{ la;]{/ pgLx¿ xn'sf kf/fn] cfw'lgs x'g t k'u] t/
To;leqsf] j:t'l:ylt a'¤g ;Sg] af}l4s Ifdtf eg] pgLx¿df ePg .
kfZrfTo hLjgz}nLsf] rZdfn] cfk"mnfO{ k"j]{nL hghLjgsf] :t/df bf“Hg
k'u] . clg of] k'u]g, Tof] klg k'u]g, of] ePg, Tof] klg ePg eGg] s[lqd
czflGtsf] cfef;n] pgLx¿sf] dgMl:yltnfO{ g/fd|/L ;tfof] . ltgsf

c;Gt'li6x¿ …k'u]gÚ sf] vf]nf / cefju|:t bxdf kf}8L v]Ng k'u] / cfk"mnfO{
b'MvL, hh{/ / cfqmf]lzt agfP . k''Uof] / k'u]gsf] ;LdfÍg ug{ 7"N7"nf
cy{zf:qLx¿n] klg ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] pgLx¿n] s] ;Snfg\ < xfdL clxn] h'g
czfGt, hh{/ cj:yfdf k'Uof}+, Tof] k]6sf] ef]ssf] sf/0fn] xf]Og, dgsf]
nf]en] dfq xf] .
slxn]sfxL+ d oL ljifodf ulxl/P/ ;f]R5' . xfd|f pknlAwx¿nfO{

ljsl;t d'n'sx¿l;t bf“h]/ x]g{ vf]H5' . s'g}klg rLh jf j:t' tf}ngsf
nflu Pp6f t/fh' / 9s rflxG5 . nDafO{ gfKgsf] lgldQ s'g} uh jf lkmtf
rflxG5 . To;/L g} xfd|f] ;dsfnLg hLjg:t/nfO{ kfZrfTo hLjgz}nLl;t
t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] cfºgf] 3/ftnsf] klxrfg ug}{k5{ . dnfO{ nfU5,
xfdLn] k|fKt u/]sf] ult sd 5}g . d ;fgf] 5“bf d}n] slxNo} klg uf]/f]] ljb]zL
dfG5] b]v]sf] lyOg“ . To;a]nf h'g;'s} b]zaf6 cfPsf ePklg uf]/f
dfG5]x¿nfO{ …c+u|]hÚ g} elgGYof], rfx] pgLx¿ k]|mGr x'g\ jf hd{g, h;n]
c+u|]hL af]Nof], Tof] c+u|]h eof] . d afns5“bf d]/f] a'af slxn]sfxL+ snsQfdf
Jofkf/ ug{ hfg'x'GYof] . ddfq xf]Og, d]/f] 6f]ndf a:g] w]/} dflg;x¿nfO{
46
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;f]r
c+u|]h eGgf;fy sf}t"xn x'GYof] . To;a]nf d a'afnfO{ ;f]Wg] uy]{+, æaf, oL
c+u|]hx¿ s:tf x'G5g\\ <Æ a'afn] eGg'x'GYof], ælogLx¿ af“b/sf ;Gtfg x'g\,
logLx¿sf] lk7\o"“df k'R5/ x'G5 .Æ d]/L cfdfn] klg pT;'s eP/ To:t} s'/f
;f]w]sf] dnfO{ ;Demgf 5 ælogLx¿ t kftfndf a:g] /fIf;sf ;Gtfg x'g\ /],
xf]Og / <Æ k|Zgdfly k|Zgsf] sf}t"xnk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf d ;f]Wy]+, æaf c+u|]hx¿
lsg ;]tf x'G5g\ <Æ a'afn] hjfkm lbg'x'GYof], ælogLx¿ olt wgL x'G5g\\
kfgLsf] ;§f b"w lkp“5g\\, To;}n] logLx¿ ;]tf ePsf x'g\ .Æ olt cljsl;t
tyf ljkGg 1fgsf] k[i7e"lddf x's]{sf dh:t} c¿ g]kfnL a'l4hLjLx¿n] cfh
cGt/f{li6«o ;ef;Dd]ngdf efu lng hf“bf s;/L tL …cgf}7f c+u|]hsf ;GtfgÚ
l;t jfbljjfb ug{ ;s] xf]nfg\, of] kIfnfO{ t'ngfTds b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg]
xfdL g]kfnL ljb]zLx¿eGbf af}l4s b[li6sf]0fn] klg w]/} ljsl;t ePsf]
dx;'; x'“b}g / <
d]/f] a'afn] snsQfaf6 lkmlnK; /]l8of] lsg]/ Nofpg' ePsf] lyof] .

pxf“n] c;g rf]sdf /]l8of] ahfp“bf dflg;x¿ olt 5Ss k/], s;}—s;}n] t
5n kf] u/]sf] xf] ls † egL, /]l8of] k5fl8 n's]/ s;}n] af]ln/fv]sf] t 5}g
eg]/ x]/]sf;Dd lyP . cfh ufp“—ufp“df /]l8of], 6]lnlehg dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{
cfw'lgs ;~rf/sf k|ljlwx¿ pknAw 5g\\ . dh:tf zx/af;Ln] dfq xf]Og,
ufp“df a;f]af; ug]{ sltko g]kfnLx¿n] klg clxn] h'g cfw'lgs k|ljlwx¿
pkof]]u ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\, Tof] sd xf]Og . x'g t o:tf s'/fsf] t'ngf ug{
yfNof] eg] dfG5]n] ax'nf eGg] 7fGnfg\ t/ Psrf]l6 cf“vf lrDn]/ ljrf/ ug]{
xf] eg] xfdLn] cfºgf] w/ftnsf] jf:tljs ulx/fOnfO{ gfKg' k5{ . To;f]ubf{
slxn]sfxL+ s]xL xb;Dd ;Gt'li6 klg lng ;lsG5 .
ha sf7df8f}+ dflysf] cfsfzdf klxnf]kN6 xjfO{hxfh p8\of],

clwsf+z dflg;x¿ 3/sf] 5fgf—5fgfdf r9]/ x]l//x]sf lyP . s]xL
dflg;x¿ eGy], æcf † Tof] hxfh dlGb/x¿ dfly p8\of] eg] s'df/L / e}/jn]
47
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;f]r
tflGqs zlQmaf6 tfg]/ v;flnxfN5g\\ lg †Æ ufp“3/sf dflg;x¿ eGy]
…cfw'lgs k'iksÚ ljdfg . sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]sf sf“7sf dfG5]x¿ t /fd—/fd †
eGb} v'nf 7fp“df hDdf ePsf lyP /] . ufO{ e}; + L;d]t 8/n] s/fP /] † slt
g} jif{ eof] / oxf“ 6]lnkmf]g cfPsf], slt g} jif{ eof] oxf“ 6]lnlehg cfPsf] †
cfhef]ln xfdL cfw'lgs j:t' pks/0fx¿ ;xh ?kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
clxn] cd]l/sfdf a:g] cd]l/sLx¿ t hGd]b]lv g} oL j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u /
pkef]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\\ . t/ xfdLn] tL rLhsf] cg'ej s]xL jif{
otfb]lvdfq ug{ yfn]sf xf]Ogf}+ / < Pp6f dflg;n] cg'ej ug]{ ;x'lnotsf]
t'ngfTds b[li6sf]0fn] d"NofÍg ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] clxn] pkef]u u/]sf]
cfw'lgs hLjgz}nL pgLx¿sf] eGbf lgs} b"|tultdf xfdL sxf“ lelqPsf]
7x5{ . t/ xfdLn] o;nfO{ a'‰g ;s]gf}+ . slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{ nfU5, ljsf;sf]
d"No gr'sfOsg To;sf] k|ltkmn pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] x'“bf klg xfdLn] o;sf]
dxTj a'‰g g;s]sf xf}+ ls † To;}n] xfdL ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]sf xf}+ ls <
;Eotfsf] l;+9L qmlds k|of;af6 ggf3L Ps}rf]l6 cfw'lgs ePsf] x'“bf xfdL
cNdlnPsf klg xf}+ ls † oxL cndnsf] sf/0f xfdL a9L gsf/fTds aGg
k'u]sf xf}+ ls † of] uf“7f] 7f8} ;'Nemfpg s;}n] klg ;Sb}g . of] ;d:of
;'Nemfpgsf lglDt lg/Gt/ ;r]tgfsf] cfjZostf k5{ . JolQmut txdf

af}l4s ljsf;sf] cfjZostf 5 . af}l4s ljsf; eg]sf] z}lIfs dfq xf]Og,
lrGtgsf] ljsf; xf], dgMl:yltsf] ljsf; xf] / Jojxf/sf] ljsf; xf],
dfg;k6nsf] lasf]{ p3|g' xf] .
zfob oxf“ Pp6f ;Dj]bgzLn k|Zg klg p7\g ;S5 – of] af}l4s
ljsf; t zx/df dfq ;Lldt eof], ufp“df s] eof] t < of] Psbd dxTjk"0f{
k|Zg xf] . t/ b'Mvb lj8Dagf (Sad Paradox) s] xf] eg], zx/ / ufp“ aLrsf]
ljsf;sf] vf8n g]kfndf dfq x}g, ;f/f ;+;f/df ljBdfg 5 . cd]l/sfsf]
Go"of]s{ / g]a|f:sf aLrsf] jftfj/0f, ¿;leq d:sf] / ;fOj]l/ofsf]
j:t'l:ylt, rLgdf a]Olhª\ / Toxf“sf cgluGtL ufp“x¿ tyf ef/tsf] aDaO{
48
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;f]r
/ laxf/aLrsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ef}lts :j¿kdf w]/} cGt/fn 5 .
g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ;+;f/sf ljsl;t / cljsl;t ;a} d'n'sx¿df klg ufp“
/ zx/aLr Psgf;], ;dfg'kflts ljsf; x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
h'g a]nf;Dd cfd g]kfnL o:tf cGt;{DalGwt hl6n u|lGysf

c;lhnf / u'x\o s'/fx¿ lgSof]{n ug]{ l:yltdf k'Ub}gg\, To;a]nf;Dd ;/sf/L
/ /fhgLlts If]q tyf gful/s ;dfhaf6 cToGt lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug'{ cfjZos 5 . of] e"ldsf JolQmut, k]zfut / bnut :jfy{af6 kl/k"lt{
x'“b}g . h'g xLgtfaf]wn] cfh xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfh u|:t 5, To;nfO{ oyfzL3|
dTy/ kfg'{ clt cfjZos 5 . xLgtfaf]wn] u|:t eP/ clxn] gof“ lk+9Lsf
o'jfx¿ ljb]lzg] qmd al9/x]sf] 5 . cfk"mnfO{ a'emSs8 eGg] dfG5]x¿ klg
eG5g\\, …g]kfndf sfd ug]{ 7fp“ 5}g, a]/f]huf/L JofKt 5 .Ú t/ of] egfO
k"0f{;To eg] xf]Og . g]kfndf clxn] rflxg] hlt 8sdL{ 5}gg\, l;sdL{ 5}gg\,
e/kbf{ s's 5}gg\, /fd|/L sfd ug{;Sg] Joj:yfks 5}gg\, ;f/fsf ;f/f
dflg;x¿ ljb]lz+b}5g\\ . c/a d'n'sdf af6f] agfpg hfg tof/ x'G5g\\, s'v'/f
e'TNofpg, df5fsf sTnf / c08fsf] af]s|f lgsfNg] sfd ug{ hfG5g\\ .
hfkfgdf d/]sf] nf;nfO{ ;/;kmfO{ / l;+ufg]{ h:tf ;+j]bgzLn sfddf hfg
tof/ x'G5g\\, lkmNdL :6f/;Dd e};s]sf dflg;x¿ cd]l/sfsf] Uof“; kDkdf
sfd u5{g\ . t/ g]kfndf sfd ug{ pgLx¿ ?rfp“b}gg\, nfh dfG5g\\ lsgls
oxf“ xfdL >dsf] ;Ddfg ub}{gf}+ .
cfh g]kfndf cj;/sf] sdL 5}g . oxf“ cj;/ k|z:t 5g\\ . t/

cj;/nfO{ vf]Hg] cf“vf rflxG5, l6Kg] xft rflxG5 . xfdL ;'gvfgLdf
al;/fv]sf 5f}+ t/ yfxf gkfP/ 9'Ëfsf] vf]hLdf aflx/ k'U5f}+ . sdhf]/L xf]
cfºgf] t/ bf]if xfdL c¿nfO{ lbG5f}+ . clxn] xfdLsxf“ k|z:t pBdLx¿ 5g\\
h:n] cfºgf] ;Lk, d]xgtaf6 ;kmntf klg xfl;n u/]sf 5g\\ . d oxf“ Pp6f
49
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;f]r
o'jf pBdLsf] pbfx/0f lbg rfxG5' . s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd g]kfnL k;nwgLx¿
k'/fgf] hg;]jf xnsf] ljzfnahf/sf cfºgf k;nx¿ ef/taf6 cfPsf
Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ axfndf lbP/ axfnsf] k};f lnO{ lkslgs h:tf hd36df
/dfpg] uy]{ . o:tf] k/hLjL cj:yfdf Pp6f aL;—afO; jif]{ g]kfnL s]6fn]
gof“ ;8ssf] d'v}df y'k|f] axfn lt/L …lkg6Ú k;n vf]Nof] . Tof] k;nsf]
;hfj6 s:tf] x'g'k5{, k;ndf s:tf—s:tf dfn laqmL ug'{k5{ / p;sf
u|fxsx¿ sf] sf] x'g\ h:tf Jofkf/sf cGo uf“7L s'/fx¿ Tof] s]6fnfO{ yfxf
lyof] . p;nfO{ Tolt w]/} axfn lt/]/ klg d /fd|/L k;n rnfpg ;S5' eGg]
k"0f{ ljZjf; lyof] . cflv/ p;sf] k|of; ;kmn eof] . Tof] o'jfnfO{ d /fd|/L
lrlGbg“ t/ p;nfO{ d x[bob]lv g} :ofjf;L lbg rfxG5' / k|z+;f u5'{ .
vfg] d'vnfO{ h“'ufn] 5]Sb}g . b[9 cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy b"/b[li6 /fv]/,

of]hgfj4 tl/sfn] sfd u¥of] eg] g]kfndf ;kmn x'g] 7fp“ k|z:t 5g\\ . rfx]
dfkmf{df a|f08L cfljisf/ ug]{ kf;f¨ s'D5'b] z]kf{ x'g\, h;n] dfkmf{ a|f08L
lgsfn]/ cfºgf] bIftfsf] k|bz{g u/], rfx] Zofd sIfklt x'g\–h;n] gfª\nf]
/]i6'/]G6 ;+rfng u/L af]Ng g;Sg] pk]lIft ckfË alx/f hgzlQmnfO{ klg
;b'kof]u u/]/ b]vfOlbP . s]xL ;docl3 Pshgf kfOn6sL >LdtLn] …d"No
Ps j:t' cg]sÚ, …pgfG;o ;lkªÚ, …s'g} 5 <Ú cflb gfdn] k;nx¿ vf]n]/
gof“ Joj;fosf] cWofo ;'¿ ul/g\ . h'lQm ckgfP/ ;kmntf kfpg ;lsg\ .
o:tf ;kmntfsf syfx¿ vf]Hg] xf] eg] w]/} kfpg ;lsG5 ufp“—ufp“df,
zx/—zx/df t/ xfdL ;kmntfsf xf]Og, c;kmntfsf syf ;'Gg nfnflot
x'G5f}+ . pBf]u ug]{ cj;/ g]kfndf clxn] emg k|z:t 5 . ahf/ a9]sf] 5,
k|ljlw ljsl;t ePsf] 5 / cfh C0f lbg] a}+lsª k|0ffnL v's'nf] ePsf] 5 .
o:tf] ;sf/fTds jftfj/0fdf klg g]kfndf sfd ug{ ;lsPg eg] s;sf]
bf]if < xfdLn] lbdfunfO{ dGyg g} ug{ rfx]gf}+, dl:tissf] pkof]u ug{
rfx]gf}+ . lgwf/sf] 6Lsf nufpg] 7fp“df cf}+nfn] 3f]6\g} rfx]gf}+, sNkgf ug{
rfx]gf}+, of]hgf agfpg rfx]gf}+ . dl:tis lvofO{ d]xgtaf6 s;}n] u/]sf]
50
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;f]r
pBf]usf] xn'sf gSsn u/L /ftf/ft d:tL;“u k};f sdfpg] xf]8jfhLdf
cd"No ;dosf] ckJoodf xfdL nfUof}+ .
ljsf;sf ;+efjgfsf s'/f ug]{ qmddf dnfO{ Pp6f k|;Ë ofb

cfp“5 . clxn] g]kfnsf 7fp“—7fp“df rf}8f /fhdfu{x¿ ag]sf 5g\\ . lah'nL
k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfn e|d0f jif{tfsf Pp6f /fhdfu{ ko{6g -xfOj] 6'l/hd\_ sf]
kl/sNkgf ul/of] . ;f]xL nIocg'¿k ;8s ljeful;t ;dGjo /fvL dn]v'
vf]nfkfl/ /fhdfu{sf] bfof“—jfof“ km/flsnf] kf/]/ kfls{¨ IF]q, zf}rfno, k]6«f]n
kDk, /]i6'/]G6 cflbsf] Joj:yf ug{ nufOof] . dn]v'df cfGtl/s ko{6gsf]
ljsf; t eof] eof], To;sf] ;fy;fy} cf;kf;sf ufp“x¿df klg s[lifhGo
Joj;fosf] ljsf; eof] . clxn] dn]v'df Pp6} k;n]n] b}lgs xhf/f}+ ¿k}of“sf]
sfnf] bfn, u'Gb|'s, uf]ne]8f / cGo t/sf/Lx¿ a]R5 . g]kfnLx¿ ofqf ubf{
3/df ;w}+ sf];]nL lnP/ hfG5g\ . t;y{ /fhdfu{sf] ko{6g Pp6f o:tf] pBf]u
xf], hxf“ ofqLx¿n] ljleGg :yfgsf k/Dk/fut /}yfg] rLhx¿ lsg]/ 3/
n}hfg] u5{g . tL ufp“x¿df 3/]n' pBf]u ljsf; u/L ;'Gtnfsf] af]qmfaf6
hfd agfpg], u'Gb|'s agfpg] h:tf s'l6/ pBf]u ;d]t :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 .
xfdL ;w}+ ul/jL lgjf/0fsf ;}4flGts s'/fdf a9L 5nkmn u5f}{+ . t/

sltko Jofkfl/s pkfox¿ dn]v'h:tf IF]qdf k|z:t 5g\ h;sf] pkof]uaf6
/fi6«lxtsf ;fy;fy} To; e]ssf] ul/jL lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf
/fhdfu{x¿df dn]v'h:t} ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ af]s]/ a;]sf w]/— } w]/}
cfsif{s la;f}gLx¿ 5g\ . t/ To:tf ;Defjgfx¿ b]Vbfb]Vb} klg cfd
dfG5]x¿ g]kfndf sfd} 5}g, cj;/} 5}g eg]/ ;/sf/nfO{ dfq ufnL
ul//xG5g\ . 3/sf cfOdfO{nfO{ v]tjf/Lsf] sfddf hf]t]/, cfºgf
afnaRrfnfO{ ufO{, uf]?, afv|f r/fpg nufP/ cfk"mrflx“ j/kLknsf] zLtn
5fof“d'lg rf}tf/Ldf sfnf] r:df nufP/ /]l8of]–6«flGhi6/ ;'Gb}, af3rfn,

Sofl/d, tf; v]Nb} lbg latfpg] clg …of] ePgÚ, …Tof] ePgÚ eg]/ lx+8\g]
51
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;f]r
;fdflhs k/hLjLx¿n] slxNo} cj;/ u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿ u/Lk
eP/ xf]Og, …xl/kÚ eP/ cfk"m / cfkm\gf] ;dfhnfO{ laufl//x]sf 5g\ . xL/f
vfgLdf kfOG5, vfgLaf6 xL/f lgsfNgsf lglDt ulx/f sf]OnfvfgLdf
sf]Onf;“u} rNg'k5{ . sf]OnfvfgLdf xL/f kfpg sfnfDo} x'g tof/ x'g'k5{ .
clgdfq k|fKt x'G5 xL/f . s;}n] s;}nfO{ lbg cfk}+m cfp“b}g cj;/ . of] t
vf]Hg] rLh xf], u|x0f ug]{ rLh xf], k|of]u ug]{ rLh xf] / d]xgt u/]/ k|fKt
ug]{ rLh xf] . cj;/nfO{ s;}n] Kn]6df ;hfP/ 6qm\ofp“+b}g . rf]vf] cj;/sf]
z'4 df}sfsf] /fd|f] pkof]u u/]/ ;DkGg ePsf ;kmntfsf syfx¿sf gfos,
pkgfos, ;xgfosx¿ klg ;kgf b]v]/ dfq ;kmn ePsf xf]Ogg\ . r'gf}tL /
cj;/nfO{ ;Gt'ngsf] laGb'df k'¥ofP/ dfq cfhsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf x'g\ .
***
52
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—$
jgjf;tk{m
æ;+/If0fsf] d"nwf/nfO{ a'¤g k|s[lt, jghËn / hËnL hLjhGt'nfO{
glhs}af6 lrGg' a'‰g'k5{ . hËnleq axg] xfjf, ;'s]sf kftklt¨/dfly
lx+8\bf cfpg] cfjfh clg Pp6f csfNklgs t/ /dfOnf], ;'g;fg /
/f]df~rk"0f{ 8/nfUbf] qf;sf] jftfj/0f, oL ;a eg]/ / ;'g]/ a'lemg] s'/f
xf]Ogg\ g t s'g} lstfa k9]/ g} h¨nleqsf] dd{ / dxTjnfO{ x[bo+ud ug{
;lsG5 . oL t h¨nleq :jo+ cfk}+mn] ;do latfP/, Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf
/dfP/ g} hfGg], a'¤g] / cg'e"lt ug]{ s'/f x'g\ .Æ
r'gf}tL / cj;/sf] 9f]sf dflg;sf nflu ;w}+ v'nf /xG5 . Toxf“leq

;'v / b'Mvn] xfdLnfO{ klv{/x]sf x'G5g\ . hLjgsf] rqm zfob oxL g} xf] .
lhGbuLsf] ofqfsf] qmddf d}n] ;'v klg ef]u]+, b'Mv klg t/ ;'vsf If0fx¿sf]
dnfO{ vf;} ;Demgf g} 5}g . ;'g;fg b'u{d IF]qdf lat]sf w]/} si6bfos
knx¿, b'Mvsf If0fx¿ cf“vf;fd' 5n{Ë tfhf eO/xG5g\\ . psfnL—cf]/fnLsf]
d]/f] of] lhGbuLdf tL If0f, kn / cg'ejx¿ cy{k"0f{ ePsf 5g\\ . s;n] eG5
;'vdfq xfd|f] nIo xf] eg]/ < dnfO{ crDd nfU5, b'Mv / r'gf}tL lagfsf]
lhGbuL s:tf] x'“bf] xf]nf . ;'v};'vsf] lhGbuL gSsnL xf] † s[lqd xf] †
VofnVofn xf] † lsgeg] ;'vsf] jf:tljs cg'e"lt ug{ b'Mv v]k]s} x'g'k5{ .
53
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;f]r
cGoyf ;'vsf] kl/efiffnfO{ a'¤g] g} s;/L < r'gf}tL lagfsf] hLjgofqf
slxNo} k"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g . ;w}+ g} ck"0f{sf] ck"0f{ g} /xG5, lgh{g 7fp“h:tf]
p/f7nfUbf] . d eG7fG5', of] jf:tljs tYo xf] / zfZjt\ ;To .
ko{6g If]qdf nfUg'eGbf klxn] d >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] jg ljefudf

sfo{/t lyP“ . b]x/fb"gaf6 jg lj1fgdf :gfts u/]kl5 jg ljefudf hfuL/
vfP““ . To;a]nf ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] jg ljefusf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} hËnsf]
sf7 a]r]/ /fh:j hDdf ug]{ dfq x'GYof] . ;+/If0fsf] t s'/f] g} lyPg .
;+/If0fsf] cfjZostfsf] cg'ej klg ul/Psf] lyPg . k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf]
dfldnfdf g]kfn lgSs} kl5 lyof] . …h¨nsf] pkof]lutf g} sf7 a]r]/ /fh:j
sdfpg]Ú eGg] gLlt /x]sf] x'“bf g]kfndf pvfg} lyof], …xl/of] jg g]kfnsf]
wgÚ . To;a]nf h}ljs / ljljwtf, cf]hf]g n]o/, ;+/If0fsf cGo ljwf /
;+/If0fd"vL zAbx¿ jg ljefusf] zAbsf]zdf g} lyPgg\ . g]kfndf /fli6«o
lgs'~hsf] cjwf/0ff cfpg' t stf xf] stf lgs} 6f9fsf] s'/f lyof] .
;f}efUojz jgljefudf sfd ubf{ ci6«]lnof / cd]l/sfsf] cWoog e|d0fsf
qmddf d}n] ljZjsf dxTjk"0f{ /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug]{ cj;/
kfP“ . h;af6 ;+/If0fd"vL ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;fy ug{ ;s]+ . o;/L
;+/If0f / jGo hLjhGt'k|lt d]/f] cfsif{0f a9\of] . g]kfn kms]{/ cfPkl5 dnfO{
;+/If0fsf] gof“ kmf“6df sfd ug]{ OR5f hfUof] . o;sf nflu :jefjtM d}n]
g]kfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtfaf/] ljzb\ cWoog ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf eof] .
To;a]nf;Dd t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;'ne Pj+ ;'ud t/fO{+sf hËnx¿df

dfq jg:klt / hËnL hLjhGt'x¿af/] s]xL cWoog ePsf lyP . kxf8L /
b"u{d If]qsf af/] eg] vf;} 1fg lyPg . g]kfnsf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0fsf] of]hgf
th'{df ug'{eGbf klxn] clw/fHosf ;a} lhNnfx¿sf] cWoog ug{ o"=Pg=8L=kL=
/ Pkm=P=cf]= af6 vl6P/ cfPsf hËnL hLjhGt' ljz]if1 hf]g Anf]j/;“u}
g]kfnsf b'u{d If]qx¿sf] e|d0f ;'¿ u/]+ / Toxf“sf] k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbfsf jf:tljstfnfO{ glhs}af6 lgofNg] df}sf kfP“ .
54
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;f]r
sf7df8f}+sf] c;gdf hGd]sf], x's]{sf] Pp6f Jofkf/Lsf] 5f]/fsf nflu
To:tf cgsG6f/ b'u{d If]qx¿ 3'Dg hfg' 7"nf] ;fxl;s sbd lyof] . b'u{d
If]qx¿ s:tf x'G5g\\, Toxf“ hfgsf lglDt slt eL/–kfvf–kv]/f, psfnL—
cf]/fnL l5rf]Ng' k5{, To;af/] lsl~rt\ 1fg lyPg . e|d0fsf qmddf sxf“
;'Tg], sxf“ vfg], slt prfOdf hfg'k5{, To; af/]df d]/f kl/jf/sf s'g} klg
;b:onfO{ clnslt klg hfgsf/L lyPg . olb To:tf s'/f yf]/}dfq klg
pgLx¿n] rfn kfPsf] eP zfob dnfO{ Totflt/ k7fpg] lyPgg\ . ToxL

sf/0fn] kl5;Dd klg b'u{d If]qdf e|d0f ug{ hfg] a]nfdf d]/f] kl/jf/nfO{
lj:t[t hfgsf/L d slxNo} lbGgy]+ .
b'u{d If]qsf] cWoog e|d0fdf hfg]a]nf jgljefuaf6 dnfO{ /jfgf

k"hL{ t lbOGYof] t/ e|d0f vr{sf nflu k]ZsL eg] slxNo} klg lbOb}gYof] .
e|d0f k"/f u/]/ cfPkl5 dfq lan ekf{Osf] cfwf/df vr{ lbg] ul/GYof] . ;g\
!(^*—^( tfsf k|z:t jgh¨n 3'ldof] . d]/f ;xsdL{ hf]g Anf]j/
Pkm=P=cf]= sf ;Nnfxsf/ ePsf] x'“bf g pgnfO{ e|d0f cfb]z rflxGYof], g t
/sd g} lgsf;f u/fpg' kYof]{ . d]/f nflu t ;/sf/L lgod cg';f/ e|d0fsf
nflu lgj]bg lbg'kYof]{, e|d0f :jLs[ltsf lglDt b'O—
{ rf/ lbg kv{g'kYof]{ /
e|d0f vr{ k]ZsL kfpg t cem c¿ s]xL lbg s'g'{kYof]{ . Tof] kv{g] ;do
sxf“ x'GYof] / d;“u † Pp6f e|d0faf6 kms{gf;fy csf]{ e|d0fdf uOxfNg' kg]{ .
To;}n] slt rf]l6 t e|d0f cfb]z gkfOsg klg d ;j]{If0f ug{ hfGy]+ .
jf:tjdf d}n] k};fsf lglDt hfuL/ gvfPsf], rflxP hlt k};f 3/}af6 kfpg]
x'“bf e|d0fdf cfjZos vr{ 3/}af6} lnP/ hfGy]“ .
PskN6 t nuftf/ kf“r, 5 dlxgf;Dd e|d0f ug'{k¥of] . kms]{/

cfPkl5 Ps}rf]6L e|d0f vr{ lng b/vf:t lb“bf 7"n} /sd k'Ug uP5 .
Pssf]; lx+8]sf] rf/ ¿k}of“ / b'u{d If]q eQfsf ¿kdf csf]{ rf/ ¿k}of“sf]
yf]/} b/n] klg d]/f] e|d0f eQf Tolt k'Uof] xf]nf eg]/ ljZjf;} lyPg . e|d0f
eQf dfUg] qmddf klg cg]s k|zf;lgs afwfc8\rg b]vfOof] . e|d0f ubf{
55
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;f]r
sf]; lg¿k0f ug{ tTsfnLg ufp“ k~rfotsf] k|dfl0ft d'r'Nsf rflx+bf] /x]5 .
ca r/fr'?ËL, hLjhGt' x]g{ hfg] 6f]nLn] sxf“ ufp“ k~rfot 8'Nb} b/vf:t
lbP/ kmnfgf] oxf“ cfPsf] xf] eg]/ ;xL5fk a6'Nb} lx+8\g] < km]l/ xfdL slxNo}
s;}sf] 3/df af; a:b}gYof}+, kfn 6f“u]/ gbLsf] tL/df jf hËndf a:Yof}+ .
ufp“ t lx+8\bf—lx+8\b} kl;GYof] dfq}, al;+b}gYof] . ca sxf“ k|wfgk~r / ;lrj
vf]Hb} lx8\g] < To; hdfgfdf ufp“ k~rfot sfof{no gu0o dfq x'Gy] .
k|wfgk~rsf] emf]nfdf ufp“ k~rfotsf] 5fk x'GYof] / ToxL emf]nf g} ufp“
k~rfot sfof{no x'GYof] . e|d0f eQf lng] qmddf uf=k+= af6 sf]; k|dfl0ft
d'r'Nsf u/fpg g;s]kl5 d ;j]{ ljefu uP“ . n, Toxf“af6 t d
hxf“—hxf“ uPsf] lyP“ Toxf“—Toxf“sf] …sfu p8\g] b"/LÚ sf] lx;fjn] gSzfdf
Pp6f 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df wfuf]sf] gfk u/]/ kf] sf]; d'r'Nsf ul/lbP .
To;f] x'“bf d}n] dfu]sf] /sdsf] cfwfeGbf klg yf]/} kf] kfpg] eP“ . Tolt
/sd;d]t ljefusf] e|d0f eQfsf] zLif{sdf gePkl5 Tof] eQf g'jfsf]6,
dsjfgk'/ cflb rf/—kf“rj6f lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 lng' egL cfb]z
lbOof] . Tolt yf]/} k};f lngsf nflu tL lhNnf 3'Dg hf“bf xftdf s]xL g}
gkg]{ b]lvPkl5 cfwfeGbf a9L /sd d}n] dfof dfl/lbP“ .
clw/fHosf] em08} ;Dk"0f{ pQ/fv08sf] e|d0fsf qmddf b]zsf]

cgdf]n k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;Dkbf;“u ;fIffTsf/ eof] . k9]/ yfxf kfpg' /
3'd]/ k|ToIf cg'ej ug'{df w]/} km/s x'“bf]/x]5 . dnfO{ nfU5, ko{6g pBf]udf
nfu]sf w]/} pBdLx¿n] g]kfnsf oL dgdf]xs t/ ;Dj]bgzLn k|fs[lts
:ynx¿sf] e|d0f k|foM gu/]sf] x'“bf Toxf“sf] j:t'l:yltnfO{ a'¤g ;s]sf
5}gg\ . ha ko{6g ljsf;sf gfddf k|fs[lts b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt ;Dj]bgzLn
7fp“x¿nfO{ Jofkfl/s zf]if0f ug{ vf]lhG5, dnfO{ a8f] b'Mv nfU5 . ;g\
!(&%—&^ lt/ 6«]lsª Joj;foLx¿n]] 8f]Nkf, d':tf¨ cflb IF]q vf]Ngsf lglDt
;/sf/nfO{ 7"nf] bafj lbPsf lyP . To;a]nf d To;sf] eoÍ/ lj/f]wdf pq]+ .
;fyLx¿n] dnfO{ …cfk"m rf“lx ko{6gsf] lqmd vfg], c¿nfO{ ko{6g ljsf;sf]
efu lbg grfxg]Ú eg]/ nf~5gf;d]t nufP . t/ d]/f] dgf]efjgfnfO{
56
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;f]r
pgLx¿n] a'¤g ;s]gg\ . 8f]Nkf, d':tfª, dgfª h:tf lgif]lwt IF]qx¿
k|fs[lts b[li6sf]0fn] clt g} ;Dj]bgzLn If]q x'g\ . tL 7fp“sf] Go"gtd
w/ftn bz—af¥x xhf/ lkm6sf] prfOdf /x]sf] x'“bf Toxf“sf] em08} gAa]
k|ltzt e"efudf ?v / emf/kft pd|g klg sl7g 5 . To;If]qdf clt 708f
xfjfkfgL / ;'Vvf x'g] x'“bf 3f“; pd|gnfO{ klg w]/} ;do nfU5 . To:tf
7fp“df clgolGqt ¿kn] ko{6sx¿ cf]Ol/g yfn] eg] Toxf“ s:tf] k|lts"n
c;/ k5{, xfdL ;lhn} cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f}+ . bfp/f gePsf sf/0f Toxf“
el/ofx¿n] 3f“;, ¤ofp / ;—;fgf h¨nL a'6f, k"mnsf la?jfx¿;d]t pv]nL
;'sfP/ afNg] u5{g\ . To;afx]s oL If]qdf lagf aiff{t\ ;'Vvf hldgaf6
aNntNn pAhfO{ jif{el/sf nflu arfOPsf ;Lldt vfB kbfy{ klg ko{6sn]
pkef]u u/L l/Q} agfOlbG5g\\ / x/]s jif{ ahf/efp a9\g uO{ ufp“n]x¿nfO{
hLljsf rnfpg;d]t wf}—wf} kg{ hfG5 . x'g t b'u{d If]qdf kbofqf ;]jfsf]
ljsf; eP :yfgLo hgtfn] sfd kfp“y] . t/, s'NnLsf] Hofnf bz k|ltztn]

a9\bf ahf/efp ;o k|ltzt;Dd ga9\nf eGg ;lsGg .
ztfAbLof}+b]lv sfod /x]sf] lgif]lwt If]q cs:dft\ vf]ln+bf ;fdflhs

Pj+ ;“F:s[lts hLjgdf klg 7"nf] x]/k]m/ cfpg ;S5 . ko{6ssf] cfudgaf6
:yfgLoaf;Lsf] hLjgz}nL klg a9L ef}ltsjfbL / Jofkfl/s dgf]efjgftk{m
pGd'v x'G5 . d]/f] egfOsf] tfTko{ 8f]Nkfjf;LnfO{ ko{6g pBf]udfk{mt x'g]
cfly{s nfeaf6 al~rt u/L Toxf“sf] cgsG6f/ lxdv08nfO{ ;w}+ kf}/fl0fs
gd"gfsf ¿kdf /fVg] eGg] lyPg . xf], pgLx¿nfO{ klg b]z ljsf;sf] nfe
lng] clwsf/ 5 . t/ cfn' vfP/ klg ;'vL / ;Gt'i6 hLjg latfO/x]sf tL
ufp“n]x¿sf] ;kgfdf gjo'usf] sNkgf sd} uf“l;Psf] 5 . ha pgLx¿n]
ko{6g¿kL P]gfdf cfw'lgs hLjg k4ltsf] sfnf] 5fof b]Vg yfN5g\\, ta
o'uf}+b]lv rlncfPsf] pgLx¿sf] ;Gt'i6 hLjg k|0ffnL cGt x'G5 . k/Dk/fut,
dgf]j}1flgs cfgGb gfl;G5 . 8f]Nkf h:tf b'u{d If]qdf ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
z}lIfs ljsf; klxNofPkl5 dfq klZrdL ;Eotftk{m pGd'v ko{6g
ljsf;nfO{ la:tf/} n}hfg' k5{ . ;'/Iffsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ geOsg Ps}rf]l6
57
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;f]r
ko{6g ljsf; eof] eg]klg To; IF]qsf] ztfAbLcf}+b]lv ;'/lIft /x]sf u'Daf,
b]jnx¿af6 kf}/fl0fssfnb]lvsf snfs[ltx¿ aflxl/g ;S5g\, ltgsf] rf]/L
lgsf;L x'g;S5 . sltko u'Dafx¿df ko{6sx¿n] k};f tyf /]l8of], 38L
h:tf cGo ;fdfgsf] nf]e b]vfP/ k|frLg d"lt{ lnP/ uPsf] klg ;'lgG5 .
ef/tn] To;a]nf n2fv vf]Nof] / rLgn] ltAat . clg, xfd|f ko{6g

Joj;foLx¿n] klg xfd|f lgif]lwt If]q vf]Ngsf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ bafj lbg
yfn] . To;sf] k|ltjfb ug{ d}n] 5f]l8g“ . dnfO{ ko{6gsf] …ANofs l;kÚ klg
elgof] . d]/f] u'gf;f] s] lyof] eg] gAa] k|ltzt kbofqLx¿ g]kfn cfpg'sf]
d'Vo sf/0f g} pgLx¿sf] sf}t'xn xf] . 8f]Nkf, dgfª h:tf PsfGt:ynsf]
9f]sf vf]Ngf;fy Toxf“sf sf}t'xnx¿ ;dfKt x'G5g\\ . lsgeg] tL If]qsf]
cnf}lss jftfj/0f eg]s} Toxf“sf] PsfGt xf] . ha ;'g;fg gf¨f kj{tx¿df
ko{6sx¿sf tf“tL cf]Ol/G5g\\, a'6fa'6\ofg / 3f“;;d]t pv]nL vfgf ksfpg
yfN5g\\, ha eL/ kfvfsf emf/kftx¿ gi6 eO{ klx/f] hfG5 / dvdnL
3f“;x¿sf] 7fp“df n'tf] cfPsf] s's'/sf] 5fnf h:tf] b'b{[Zo b]lvg yfN5,
To;a]nf To:tf 7fp“df sf}t'xnsf] kbf{ ;bfsf nflu RofltG5 clg Toxf“ sf]xL
cfpg ?rfp“b}gg\ . h;/L Pp6L :qLn] cfºgf] uf]KotfnfO{{ snfTds 9¨n]
5f]k]/ /flV5g\, To;/L g} g]kfnsf sf}t'xnk"0f{ lgif]lwt If]qx¿nfO{ xfdLn]
;'/lIft /fVg'k5{ . ha Pp6L o'jtL cfºgf] uf]KotfnfO{ lgn{Hh tl/sfn]
vf]lN5g\\ / v'nf d~rdf lgj{:q gflR5g\\, rfx] tL] o'jtL hlt;'s} /fd|L lsg
gx'g\, pgsf] dxTj / dfGotf /x“b}g . ko{6g / ;+/If0fsf If]qdf d]/f] dfGotf
s] 5 eg] h'g uGtJo:yn wd{, ;+:s[lt, snf / k|s[ltn] el/k"0f{ 5 / hxf“
sf}t'xn tyf /x:o klg k|r'/dfqfdf 5, To:tf e"efusf] uf]Kotf ;+/If0f
ug}{k5{ . xfd|f] b]zdf o:tf cf“ug, b]j:yn, e"efu / kxf8sf 6fs'/fx¿ 5g\\
hxf“ gjo'usf] 5fof“ / dflg;sf] k}tfnf;d]t k'u]sf] 5}g . ef]ln xfdLn]
b]vfp“b} uj{ ug]{ 7fp“x¿ x'g\ tL .
58
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;f]r
ko{6gsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] cfsif{0f ;+;f/s} cb\e"t vfnsf ef}lts
;+/rgfx¿ (Super–relative characters) x'g\ . t'ngfTds b[li6sf]0fn] Tof] :yn
;+;f/sf] c¿ 7fp“df ge]l6g] cfºg} cnUu} vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] d ;w}+
clxn];Dd s;}n] gr9]sf g]kfnsf lxdfnsf 6fs'/fx¿ cyf{t elh{g
dfp06]gx¿nfO{ r9\g glbg cfjfh p7fpg] uy]+{ . df5fk'R5]« lxdfn cfh;Dd
s;}n] gr9]sf] x'“bf To;sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 . s]xL k};fsf] nf]en] tL
lxdr'nLx¿ r9\g lbg'x'“b}g eGg] d]/f] dfGotf 5 . ef]lnsf] ko{6gsf nflu
To:tf …elh{g dfp06]gÚx¿ arfP/ /fVg'k5{ . …p x]/, Tof] 6fs'/fdf clxn];Dd
s'g}klg dflg;sf] v'§fn] 6]s]sf] 5}gÚ eGbf hlt ko{6snfO{ cfsif{0f u/fpg
;lsG5, rl9;s]sf] lxdfnnfO{ b]vfP/ Tolt cfslif{t u/fpg ;ls+b}g .
eljiodf oxL sf}t'xn g} xfd|f] b]zsf] ko{6gsf] 7"nf] cfsif{0f aGg ;S5 .
olt dfq xf]Og, o:tf sfNklgs :ju{åf/ (Xanadu) ;'/lIft /x];Dd ltgsf
cnf}lss k|fs[lts ;|f]t dfgj lxtsf nflu dflg;s} dftxtdf /xG5g\ /
kl5 s'g} klg a]nf o;nfO{ k|of]u u/]/ Jojl:yt ¿kn] lbuf] ljsf; ug{
;lsG5 . s]xL wgsf] nf]edf xtf/—xtf/df Ps}rf]l6 oL sdnf, slnnf /
;Dj]bgzLn jftfj/0fLo :ynx¿ gi6 ePdf lognfO{ k]ml/ k'gM:yfkg ug{
;lsb}g . k};f eof] eg] xg'dfg 9f]sfx¿ agfpg ;lsG5\, l;x+b/af/x¿
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 / Gx\oftkf}x¿ k'glg{df{0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ;'lnu8 gbLsf]
3gf h¨n, lxdfnL e]usf] slnnf] Osf]—l;:6dnfO{ kmsf{pg ;lsGg .
b'u{d, ljs6 Pj+ lxdfnL e]udf e|d0f ubf{ a6'n]sf cg'ej / 1fg
d]/f] lhGbuLsf lgldQ 7"nf] ;|f]t / b'n{e ;DklQ aGg k'u]sf 5g\\ . d h:tf]
zxl/of JolQmsf lgldQ Tof] sfd oyfy{df g} xf“s lyof], 7"nf] r'gf}tL lyof] .
t/ tL r'gf}tLx¿ d]/f nflu clxn] j/bfg aGg k'u]sf 5g\\ . ;fxl;s
r'gf}tLsf] k|;Ë p7\bf dnfO{ Pp6f 36gf ofb cfp“5 . Pstfsf d]/f ;xofqL
hf]g Anf]j/ / d d's'6 lxdfndf uPsf lyof}+ . e|d0fsf] p2]Zo lyof]
…cf]e;fdg x8\;f]gLÚ gfds hËnL k|hfltsf] e]8f x]g]{ . sf]xL eGy] Tof]
hftsf] hËnL e]8f g]kfndf nf]k e};Sof] . hËnL e]8fsf] vf]hdf xfdL d's'6
ufp“sf] lxdfnL e]udf k'Uof}+ . Toxf“sf] ;f/f e"–efu cToGt kTyl/nf] lyof],
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;f]r
htftt} 9'¨}9'¨f . lbgel/ 3'Dbf;d]t e]8f gb]lvPkl5 /ftL b]lvG5 ls eGg]
cf;n] c7f/ xhf/ lkm6eGbf dflysf] kfgL d'xfg 5]p af; a:g] lg0f{o
u¥of}+ . htf x]¥of] Toxf“ r§fg} r§fg . 9'Ëfs} au/df hf]g / d Ps—Psj6f
kfn 6f“u]/ af; a:of}+ . ;f“em Uof“; k|of]u u/L ;'k ksfP/ vfof}+ .
hËnL e]+8f b]Vg kfOg] cf;df /ftel/ kfnleq a;]/ k|ltIff/t

lyof}+ . ToxL a]nf stf xf] stf, dnfO{ n]s nfu]sf] cg'e"lt eof] . lgb|f
k6Ss} nfu]g . la:tf/} ps';d's'; eP/ cfof] . /ftsf] t];|f] k|x/ b'O{
ah];Dd htf klN6P/ ;'Tg vf]h]klg lgb|f eg] k6Ss} nfu]g . ltvf{ nfUof],
kfgL vfP“ . cs:dft\ ;f; k'mNg yfNof], cf“vf lrDng vf]Hbf uf¥xf] eof] .
xftsf ;a} cf}+nf k'mn]/ df]6f ePsf] cg'ej u/]+ . lha|f] klg ;'lGgP/ df]6f]
eP h:tf] nfUof] . ;'Tg g;s]/ kfnleq} yrSs a;]+ . 6r{ nfO6 afn]/ cfºgf
cf}+nf x]g{ yfn]+ / dgdf ljZjf; hufP“ dnfO{ s]xL ePsf] 5}g eg]/, æd]/f
cf}+nf ;'lGgPsf 5}gg\, d 7Ls 5'Æ eg]/ cfTdljZjf; / cfTdan hufpg
vf]h]+ . t/ ps';d's'; eg] k6Ss} sd ePg . gfs ;'Sg yfNof] . gfsnfO{
kfgLn] lehfP/ l;¨fg lgsfNg vf]Hbf t clnslt /ut kf] b]lvof] . clg d
cflQP“ . To:tf] cj:yfdf t'?Gt} tn cf]n{g'k5{, xf]rf] 7fp“df hfg'k5{ eGg]
;De+]m t/ ;jfn cfof] dWo/ftdf cf]n{g] s;/L < Tof]eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ s'/f
d}n] s] dx;'; u/]+ eg], o;/L ;fxl;sofqf ubf{ cfºgf ;xofqL;“u
slxn]sfxL+ Ps lsl;dsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds efjgf cfpg] /x]5 . :jtM …sf]eGbf
sf]sdÚ eGg] Ps lsl;dsf] 3d08 hfu[t x'“bf] /x]5 . ca s;/L eGg] cfk"m
sdhf]/ eP“ eg]/, ;xofqLnfO{ . t}klg cK7\of/f] dfGbfdfGb} dWo/ftsf] b'O{
ah] cfºgf] kfn vf]Ng yfn]“ . d}n] kfn vf]n]sf] cfjfh hf]gn] ;'g]5g\\ / t'?Gt}
dnfO{ eg], æs0f{, ltdL s] ug{ nfUof}+Æ < 3d08nfO{ Psflt/ ºof“s]/ d}n]
:jLsf/]+, æhf]g, dnfO{ n]s nfu]h:tf] 5 . To;}n] d tn emb}{5' .Æ jf:tjdf
pgnfO{ klg n]s nflu;s]sf] /x]5 . t/ OHht hfnf, k|lti7f vnalnPnf
eg]/ pgn] klg dnfO{ cfºgf] j]bgf geg]sf /x]5g\\ . vf]qmf] r'gf}tLn]
slxn]sfxL“ zf/Ll/s b'Mvsi6nfO{ klg Tolt xb;Dd ;xg ug{ ;Sbf] /x]5 .
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;f]r
lhGbuL ;'v / b'Mvsf] ;lDd>0f xf] . xfdL cfºgf] lhGbuLnfO{ ;'vdo

agfpg cf}wL d]xgt u5f}{+, sfd u5f}{+ / cK7]/f] kbf{ eujfg\;“u k|fy{gf klg
u5f}{+ . t/ lhGbuLdf ;'v cfp“5, hfG5 / lal;{OG5 klg . d]/f] lhGbuLdf klg
;'vsf cgluGtL If0fx¿ cfP t/ ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] tL If0fx¿ dnfO{ vf;}
ofb ePgg\ . t/ lhGbuLdf ef]u]sf si6x¿ eg] PsPs ofb cfp“5g\ . tL
si6nfO{ b'Mv eGg] jf c¿ s]xL < t/ h] eg]klg d}n] cgsG6f/ :yfgdf
latfPsf si6bfoL If0fx¿ clxn] ;De“mbfdfq klg cfª l;l/Ë x'G5 / ;“u;“u}
dnfO{ ckf/ ;'vsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
j:t'tM :ki6 zAbdf eGbf tTsfnLg si6bfos If0fx¿ / ;+3if{sf

cg'ejx¿n] d]/f] hLjgdf Pp6f cd"t{, …cfA:6«ofS6Ú / …l/n]l6eÚ ljifoj:t'—
l;t uf“l;Psf] l;h{gfTds ;f]rsf] hfu/0f u/fOlbPsf 5g\\ . 8f]Nkf e|d0f
ubf{ ;aeGbf klxnf 8f]Nkfaf;Lx¿ slt u/La /x]5g\ eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] .
u'kmf h:tf] 9'Ë] 3/df a:g], hxf“ e¥of¨ / ‰ofn x'“b}gg\, 9f]sf klg aNnaNn
l5g{ ;lsg] dfq x'G5, leq};Dd c“Wof/f] 5 . laxfg a]n's} vfgf cfn' / kmfk/
dfq 5, c¿ vfg]s'/f 5}g . slxn]sfxL“ eL/af6 ofs v;]/ dbf{ ufp“n]x¿
To;sf] df;' efua08f u/]/ lnGy] . To:tf] 36gfnfO{ pgLx¿ bz}+sf] rf8
h:t} dgfp“y], /dfOnf] uy]{ . Ps 6'qmf df;' klg bf“tn] rkfO{—rkfO{ vfGy],
df;'sf] 6'qmfnfO{ w]/} a]/;Dd lha|f]n] v]nfp“b} :jfb lnO/xGy] . d}n] lhGbuLdf
;of}+ lsnf] y/Ly/Lsf s'v'/f, xf“;, df5f vfP“ xf]nf t/ pgLx¿n] Ps 6'qmf
vf“bf h:tf] ljnIf0f :jfb lnP, d}n] lnOg“ xf]nf . s:tf] lj8Dagf † Ps 6'qmf
Kofh vf“bf pgLx¿ hlt /dfp“5g\,\ d}n] s'g} klg 7"nf /]i6'/]06df uP/ vf“bf
Tolt :jfb kfOg“ xf]nf . ;f“Rr} s] of] Jo+Uo xf]Og dfG5]sf] ;DkGg elgg]
lhGbuLdfly < vfg kfpg]n] vf“bf—vf“bf :jfb} krfO;s]sf] x'G5 t/ Toxf“sf]
jf:tljs l:yltdf cfd"n kl/jt{g gcfp“bf;Dd, cgGtsfn;Dd

8f]NkfnLx¿sf] :jfbsf] ;'v /xL g} /xG5 . d}n] cfk}+mn] klg cg'ej u/]sf] 5',
ufp“3/ 3'Dg] qmddf dlxgf}+ xfdL psfnL cf]/fnL nfU5f}+ . slxn] vfg kfOG5,
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;f]r
slxn] t ef]sef]s} lx+8\g' k5{ . lx+8\bf—lx+8\bf ha ef]sn] nvt/fg, ysfOn]
r'n{'Dd xf]OG5, Toltv]/ kf]n]sf] cfn' klg cd[t h:tf] nfU5 .
zx/df x's]{/ h¨nsf] lhGbuL latfpg] qmddf ha d jGohGt'

clws[t (Wildlife Officer) sf] kbdf vl6P“, d]/f zxl/of ;fyLx¿ tLg5Ss
k/]sf lyP . æs] kb xf] of], …jfON8nfOkm clkm;/Ú eg]sf] † ;'Gb} xf“;f] nfUg]
vfnsf],Æ pgLx¿ eGy] . oxL kbdf sfd ubf{ jg ljefun] g]kfndf klg
Pp6f /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpgsf nflu ;Defljt If]q ;j]{If0f ug{ dnfO{
lrtjg k7fof] . e/tk'/af6 x]6f}+8f hfg] /fhdfu{sf] pQ/kl§sf] l6sf}nL
hËndf /fli6«o lgs'~h :yfkgf ug]{ xflsdsf] dg;fo lyof] . t/ l6sf}nLsf]
;f/f hËn 3'Dbf dflyaf6 ?v t b]lvGYof], ?vd'lg eg] ;a} hdLg
;'s'djf;Lx¿n] hf]lt;s]sf /x]5g\ . ;f/f l6sf}nL If]qdf tLg—rf/ lbg 3'Dbf
Pp6f klg hËnL hgfj/ e]l6Pg . hxf“ uPklg ufO{j:t'x¿ rl//fv]sf
b]lvGy] . Tof] 7fp“ /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg pko'Qm gb]v]kl5 /fKtL gbLkfl/
;j]{If0f ug{ uP“ . jf:tjdf /fKtLkfl/ ;j]{If0f ug]{ xfdLnfO{ cfb]z} lyPg t/
l6sf}nL h¨ndf s]xL ge]6]kl5 ca ug]{ s] < /fKtLkfl/ t hfg}k¥of] . x'g t
Toxf“ klg rl/r/g afSn} lyof] t/ hËnL hgfj/x¿ klg k|z:t e]§fOof] .
To;}n] sf7df8f}+ kms{]kl5 l6sf}nLsf] ;§f /fKtLkfl/sf] hËndf /fli6«o lgs'~h
:yfkgf ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k]z u/]+ .
t/ Tof] hËn :juL{o /fhf dx]Gb|sf] gfp“af6 dx]Gb| s'~hsf ¿kdf

l;sf/ ug]{ 7fp“ ePsf] x'“bf jgljefusf tTsfnLg lrkm sGh/e]6/
/fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] Tof] k|:tfj /fhb/af/df k'¥ofpg] cf“6} ug{ ;Sg'ePg .
dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] olb /fKtLkfl/ /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg ;lsof] eg]
;+;f/sf cGo s'g} /fli6«o lgs'~heGbf sd x'g] 5}g xfd|f] lgs'~h . k|z:t
u}+8f, af3, efn', xfQL, uf}/LufO{ cg]s lsl;dsf xl/0f / Zofn nufot
cgluGtL ;fgf—7"nf h¨nL hgfj/ / r/fr'?¨Lx¿ Pp6} ynf]df kfpg'
h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6n] crDd}nfUbf] s'/f lyof] . o;af/] d}n] hlt—hlt
62
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;f]r
;f]Rb} uP“ gof“—gof“ cjwf/0ffx¿ d]/f] dgdf :ki6 x'“b} cfP . 7f]/L—df8Lsf]
If]qnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~hleq /fVg] ls g/fVg], r'l/ofsf] cgsG6f/ eL/df wg];f
r/fsf] jf;:yfg s;/L ;'/lIft ug]{, ;f}/fxfdf k|s[lt / ko{6gsf s]—s:tf
k"jf{wf/x¿ ljsf; ug'{ knf{ cflb—OToflb s'/fn] d]/f] dgdl:tisdf h/f
ufl8;s]sf lyP . ;f}/fxf IF]qdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf jf:tjdf d}n]
To;a]nf g} :ki6 b]lv;s]sf] lyP“ . k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Tof] crDdnfUbf]
jf;:yfg glhs} s'g}klg xf]6]nx¿ lyPgg\ . lrtjg e/df To;a]nf
6fOu/ 6K;sf] Pp6f dfq xf]6]n lyof] . ;fgf] :t/af6 ko{6g ljsf; ug]{ ls
egL d}n] To;a]nf k|]daxfb'/ /fO{ / jgs§fsf hldgbf/ dNn' dxtf]l;t klg
s'/f rnfPsf] lyP“ . t/ lhDd]jf/L jgclws[t eP/ ;f}/fxf h:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn
If]qdf cfk}mn] xf]6]n vf]Ng] cf“6} ug{ ;lsg“ .
dgdf Psrf]l6 s'g} kl/of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff :ki6 ePkl5 ddf w}o{

/x“b}g, lbg/ft To;}df ;f]lr/xG5' / To;nfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg]
af/]df gLlt / /0fgLlt agfpg yfN5' . +t/ d]/f xflsd, lrkm sGh/e]6/
yfkfn] Psrf]l6 x'Gg eg]kl5 pxf“nfO{ x'G5 egfpg c;fWo} uf¥xf] lyof] . x'g
t pxf“ clt g} d]xgtL / OdfGbf/ x'g'x'GYof], t/ hf]lvdk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ ug{ eg]
pxf“ lgs} lxrlsrfpg' x'GYof] . pxf“;“u d}n] cfºgf] k|:tfjaf/] ;f]wk'5 ug{
w]/}rf]l6 ;do lng vf]h]+ t/ pxf“n] ;do g} lbg'ePg . gof“ jg clws[t
ePsf] gftfn] jg ljefusf] ;jf]{Rr clws[tnfO{ lagf …PKjfOG6d]G6Ú e]6\g
hfg] s'/f klg ePg . t}klg pxf“nfO{ e]6\gsf nflu ;do—;dodf pxf“sf]
sfo{sIfsf] kbf{af6 8/fO{—8/fO{ lrxfP/ x]y]+{ t/ pxf“ hlxn] klg rfªsf rfª
kmfOnx¿ 6]a'ndf /fv]/ sfd ul//fv]sf] b]lvg'x'GYof] . Pslbg pxf“ afy?d
uPsf] a]nf d klg kl5kl5 nfu]+ . afy?dleq lk;fa k]ml//fv]s} a]nf d}n]
cf“6 u/]/ pxf“nfO{ ;f]w]+, æxh'/, xfd|f] k|:tfj s] eof] <Æ pxf“n] ;'¿jfnsf]
Ohf/ af“Wb} ;'kf/L rkfP/ d':s'/fp“b} dnfO{ eGg'eof], æs] k|:tfj sfG5f <Æ
d}n] 8/fO{—8/fO{ eg]]+, æ/fKtLkfl/ /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg] k|:tfjaf/] xh'/ .Æ
æP ltdL /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg] <Æ af“lw;s]sf] Ohf/ k'msfn]/ b'O6} xftn]
gfO6f] d'lgsf] efu Ol¨t ub}{ 76\of}nf] kf/fdf pxf“n] eGg'eof], æc, oxf“ klg
63
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;f]r
h¨n 5, Pp6f—b'O6f hgfj/ klg xf]nfg\, s] oxf“ klg /fli6«o lgs'~h
agfp“5;\ <Æ cln xf“;]/, cln Vofn ub}{, cln l/;sf] emf+]sdf k]ml/ xsfg'{
eof]– æltd|f] kf] afpn] k};f sdfOlbPsf] 5, d]/f] t oxL hfuL/n] kl/jf/
kfNg' 5 . s:tf] cf“6 u¥of < >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/sf] lghL jgnfO{
/fli6«os/0f ug{ vf]Hg] <Æ d csdSs k/]+ . s]xL af]Ng} ;lsg“ .
h'ga]nf d / d]/f] ;fyL hf]g Anf]j/ /fKtLsf] h¨n 3'Db} lyof}+,

To;a]nf xfd|f] ljZjf;sf] cEoGt/ ;nanfPsf] lyof], cGt:s/0fdf c1ft
;|f]tn] k|]l/t u/fPsf] lyof] . jg dGqfnon] xfd|f] k|:tfjgfnfO{ cufl8 g;f/]
tfklg xfdL xtf]T;fxL ePgf}+ . dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof], /fhf dx]Gb|n] oxf“
Pslbg cjZo /fli6«o lgs'~h agfOalS;G5 . lsgeg] /fhf dx]Gb| ;+/If0fk|]dL
xf]OalS;GYof] . oxL ljZjf;sf ;fy xfdL /fli6«o lgs'~h :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf
lg/Gt/ k|of;nfO{ cufl8 ;fg{ yfs]gf}+ . ljleGg ;f]r, pkfox¿ vf]tNg
yfNof}+ . o;} ;Gbe{df lgb/Nof08sf /fhs'df/ a]gxf8{nfO{ e]6\g xfdL
nfª6fªsf] lxdfn;Dd k'Uof}+ . xfd|f] p2]Zo lyof], /fhs'df/sf] dfWodaf6
xfd|f] k|:tfjgf dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/df r9fpg] . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf]
x}l;otn] d}n] xfd|f] k|:tfjgf gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df laGtLkqsf] ¿kdf k]z
ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt klg lyPg .
kl5 jg dGqfnonfO{ bafj ;[hgf ug{ xfdLn] Clifs]z zfx cWoIf,

gL/ zDz]/ / ;'zLn zDz]/nfO{ pkfWoIf agfP/ g]kfndf klxnf] k|s[lt
;+/If0fd'vL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf klg vf]Nof}+ . ;+:yfsf] gfd lyof] …g]kfn k|s[lt
;+/If0f ;+3Ú (Nepal Nature Conservation Society) . of] ;+3df sfd ubf{ d}n]
7"N7"nf JolQmTjx¿l;t ;+/If0f dfq xf]Og, l;sf/sf s'/fx¿ klg l;s]+ .
;+:yfsf] gfd eg] k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;+3 t/ To;sf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿
To;a]nfsf gfd'b l;sf/Lx¿ lyP . t]hhË yfkf, OgzDz]/, Clifs]z zfx,
k|f]k]m;/ ;'/]Gb| l;+x, ;'zLn zDz]/ cflb . ;+3sf a}7sx¿ ;aeGbf klxn]
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;f]r
l;sf/s} /dfOnf 36gfsf] a]nLla:tf/af6 ;'¿ x'Gy] . ;'zLnzDz]/n] Pp6f
l;sf/ SofDkdf gLnufO{sf] df;'sf] safa agfPsf] clg ef“8f] 3f]lK6O{ ;a}
safa afn'jfdf kf]lvPsf], OgzDz]/n] k6sfdf dl§t]n 5sL{ dl6t]nsf]
uGwn] a“b]nnfO{ nf]Eofpb} k6sf Vjfp“bf a“b]nsf] d'v} k8\lsPsf], To;}u/L
t]hhË yfkfn] dxf;]/ df5f ;dft]sf], Clifs]z zfxn] Pp6} uf]nL 9\jfª\u
xfGbf h/fof] 3'Kn'Ss} ePsf] h:tf /dfOnf 36gfx¿af/] s'/f geOsg t

5nkmnsf] Ph]08f g} ;'¿ x'“b}gYof] .
;+3sf ;b:ox¿df d ;aeGbf sfG5f] lyP“ . clg d a}7ssf] s'/fdf

Wofg cfsif{0f ub}{ eGy,]+ æP xh"/, of] ;+/If0f ;+3 xf] ls l;sf/L ;+3 <Æ
Og zDz]/ xnnNn xf“:b} eGy] æs0f]{, t“nfO{ s] yfxf, l;sf/L geOsg
;+/If0fsf] dd{nfO{ To;} a'¤g ;lsG5 <Æ k]ml/ yKb} pgL cfºgf cg'ejx¿
;'gfp“y,] æhËn s:tf] 5, sxf“ l;sf/ kfOG5 cflb—OToflb s'/f xfdLn]
cg'ej ul/;s]sf] x'“bf xfdLnfO{ w]/} yfxf 5 . ha jghËn gfz x'G5, hËnL
hLjhGt' klxn]eGbf sd b]lvG5g\\, xfdLnfO{ lrGtf x'G5, clg ;+/If0fsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ xfdL a'¤5f}+ .Æ dnfO{ nfUof] of] klg 7Ls} /x]5 . o;df klg
ts{ t 5 . x'g t ;+;f/sf w]/}h;f] ;+/If0fljb\x¿ klxn] l;sf/Lx¿ g} lyP .
zx/leq a:g] dflg;x¿n] g hËn b]v]sf x'G5g\\ g t hËndf /dfpg]
pgLx¿sf] afgL g} x'G5 . jgh¨n / h¨nL hLjhGt'x¿sf] ;+/If0f /fd|f]
Joj:yfkgaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 . h¨ndf rflxg]eGbf a9L ?vx¿ pld|P eg]
grflxg] ?vx¿n] /fd|f—/fd|f ?vx¿nfO{ a9\g] df}sf lb+b}gg\ eg] h:t} s'g}
h¨ndf a9L hgfj/x¿ eP eg] s]xL hgfj/x¿sf] l;sf/ gul/sg cGo
hgfj/x¿sf nflu /fd|f] jf;:yfgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsGg . slxn]sfxL+
l;sf/nfO{ klg ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yfkg dfGg} k5{ . t;y{ l;sf/nfO{ efjgfTds
b[li6sf]0fn] g/fd|f] dflgP tfklg slxn]sfxL+ Joj:yfkgsf] gfp“df lgolGqt
l;sf/ u/fpg' kg]{ afWotf x'G5 .
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;f]r
;+/If0fsf] d"nwf/nfO{ a'¤g k|s[lt, jghËn / hËnL hLjhGt'nfO{

glhs}af6 lrGg'k5{ / a'‰g'k5{ . hËnleq axg] xfjf, ;'s]sf kftklt¨/dfly
lx+8\bf cfpg] cfjfh, clg Pp6f csfNklgs t/ /dfOnf] ;'g;fg /
/f]df~rk"0f{ 8/nfUbf] qf;sf] jftfj/0f, oL ;a eg]/ / ;'g]/ a'lemg] s'/f
xf]Ogg\ g t s'g} lstfa k9]/ g} h¨nleqsf] dd{ / dxTjnfO{ x[bo+ud ug{
;lsG5 . oL t h¨nleq :jo+ cfk}+mn] ;do latfP/, Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf
/dfP/ g} hfGg], a'¤g] / cg'e"lt ug]{ s'/f x'g\ .
cGttM >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;g\ !(^( df /fKtLkfl/ /fli6«o lgs'~h

agfpg] gLlt ;}4flGts ¿kn] :jLs[t u¥of] . b]zdf ;j{k|yd aGg] /fli6«o
lgs'~hsf] ;LdfÍg ug]{ lhDdf dnfO{ g} lbOof] . of] d]/f nflu 7"nf] uj{sf]
s'/f lyof] . lrtjgsf] /fKtLkfl/ ;Dk"0f{ h¨n, 7f]/L—df8L / lqh'uf;Dd
slxn] xfQLdf, slxn] k}bn}, slxn] 8'¨fdf uO{ ;LdfÍg ug]{ sfo{ ;'¿ ul/of] .
udL{sf] ;do kl;gfn] lgy'|Ss leh]sf] hLp clg ;f]d]Zj/ 8f“8fsf] wfl/nf]
3f“;n] v'§f / hLpdf 3f]Rbf c;fWo} kf]NYof] . t/ hj ;j]{If0f / ;LdfÍg sfo{
lglj{£g ;dfKt eof], To;a]nf dgdf ckf/ ;'vsf] cg'e"lt eof] . o; sfo{df
dnfO{ d]/f ldq ljZjgfy pk|]tL / ;xof]uL /fdk|Lt ofbjn] w]/} ;xof]u
u/]sf lyP .
h¨ndf sfd ubf{ ;do—;dodf km/s—km/s 36gfx¿, cg'ejx¿

x'g] g} eP . Pslbg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf k"jf{wf/x¿ tof/ ug]{ qmddf
jgs§fsf] ufp“ / hËnsf] aLr u}+8fsf] cfjthfjt /f]Sg 5—;ft kmL6 ulx/f
vf8nx¿ vGg] sfdsf] lg/LIf0f ul//fv]sf] lyP“ . ?vsf] Pp6f xf“ufdfly
a;]/ sfd x]l//fv]sf] lyP“ . cs:dft\ d}n] b"/ljgaf6 lgs} k/ afSnf] 98\8Ldf
Ps 5]paf6 Pp6L cfOdfO{ 3f“;sf] ef/L 6fpsf]df af]s]/ cfO/fv]sL /
csf]{tkm{af6 Pp6f 7"nf] u}+8f dVv k/]/ v'?v'? cfO/fv]sf] b]v]+ . cfOdfO{ /
u}+8f b'j} d:t eP/ lgjf{w :jfefljs ultdf lx+l8/fv]sf lyP . cUnf] /
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;f]r
afSnf] 3f“;sf] 98\8Lsf sf/0f Psn] csf]{nfO{ b]Vb}gy] t/ d}n] rfn
kfO;s]sf] lyP“ ca s'g}klg a]nf b'a} k|f0fLsf] ck|Toflzt hDsfe]6 x'g] 5
eGg] . d lrRofP“ t/ cfOdfO{n] d]/f] cfjfh ;'Gg ;lsgg\ . pgsf] arfpsf
nflu d}n] xQkQ d]/f] xfQL / dfpt]nfO{ Toxf“ k7fP“ . xfQL pgLx¿nfO{
arfpg bf}l8of] . t/ x]bf{—x]b}{ u}+8f / cfOdfO{sf] hDsfe]6 e} g} xfNof] . d
b"/jLgn] x]b}{ lyP“ . cfºg} ;'/df d:t;“u cfO/fv]sL cfOdfO{ / u}+8f b'a}
Psbd eml:sP / If0fe/sf nflu :tAw eP . b'a} k|f0fL crn, csd{0o . t/
Ps}l5g kl5 cfOdfO{sf] xf]z cfof], pgL lrRofP/ cfk"mn] af]s]sf] 3f“;sf]
ef/L u}+8f cufl8 ºof“s]/ bf}8g nflug\ . klxn] t u}+8f l7Ë pleO/fv]sf]
lyof] . ha cfOdfO{ lrRofP/ eflug\, u}+8f k5fl8 nfluxfNof] . d q:t eO{
x]b}{ lyP“, d]/f] ;f; k'mNg yfNof], d'vaf6 cfjfh cfPg .
lhGbuLdf clxn];Dd d}n] s'v'/f afx]s v;L—af]sf sf6]sf] b]v]sf]

klg 5}g, t/ cfh s'g}klg If0fdf d]/f cf“vf cufl8 Pp6L :j:y / d:t
dlxnf dg{ ;lS5g\\ . d}n] g t To:tf] hLjg / d[To'sf] bf}8 g t To;/L
cfOdfO{ efu]sf] g} slxNo} b]v]s} lyP“ . rf}/df cfOdfO{ lrRofpb} efUb}
lyOg\ . u}+8f km6\km6fp“b} nv]6\b} lyof] . cflv/ u}+8fn] cfOdfO{nfO{ e]§fO{
xfNof] / xfgL xfNof] . t/ yf]/} /f}—
+ k|df0fsf] km/sn] u}+8fsf] l;¨ cfOdfO{sf]
hLpdf gnfuL kml/ofdf dfq nfUof] . nueu Ps xhf/ lsnf]sf] eLdsfo
u}+8fn] xfGbf hLpdf gnfuL xfjfdf nfu]sf] x'“bf u}+8fn] cfºgf] z/L/nfO{
;Gt'lnt kfg{ ;s]g / kn{Ss} klN6of] . d]/f] cf“vfnfO{ ljZjf;} nfu]g, To:tf]
ljzfnsfo u}+8f s;/L xfjfdf a'n{'Ss pk|mL hdLgdf 9\ofDd} n8]sf] † w"nf]
afbn h:t} p8\of] . jftfj/0f w'nfDo} eof] . dlxnf Psgfzn] efu]sf] efu]s}
lyOg\ k5fl8 x]b}{ gx]/L . pgnfO{ yfx} ePg pgnfO{ nv]6\g] u}+8f t kn{Ss}
klN6;s]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . s]xL l5g\kl5 pgn] Pp6f l;dnsf] ¿v e]§fOg\ /
cfºgf] Hofg arfpg] ;'/df sf“8–} sf“8f ePsf] ToxL ¿vdfly lrKn]ls/f h:t}
rl9g\ . ptf n8]sf] u}+8f p7\of], otfptL x]¥of], cfOdfO{ ufoa ePsf] b]v]/
5Ss k¥of] . ha cfOdfO{sf] cfjfh u}+8fn] ;'Gof], pm xflGgP/ l;dnsf]
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;f]r
¿vd'lg k'Uof] / /L;n] r"/ eO{ ¿vsf] rf/}lt/ kmgkmgL 3'Dg yfNof] .
To;a]nf;Dd d]/f] xfQL Toxf“ k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . u}+8fnfO{ n3f/L tL
cfOdfO{nfO{ xfdLsxf“ NofOof] .
d]/f] cf“v} cufl8 ePsf] hLjg / d[To'sf] eofjx, /f}+ 7f8f] kfg]{ Tof]
bf}8 clxn] klg emnemnL ofb cfp“5 . xhf/ lsnf]sf]] u}+8f s;/L bf}8\bf]
/x]5, Pp6L kftnL cfOdfO{ cfºgf] Hofg hf]ufpg Dof/fy'g wfjs h:t}
s;/L bf}8g ;lsg\ / ck|Toflzt Pj+ cfsl:ds cfkTsfnLg pkfoåf/f s;/L
af“Rg ;kmn eOg\, ;De“mbf /f]dfl~rt x'G5' . cfOdfO{sf xft / lt3|f l;dnsf]
¿vsf] sf“8faf6 /utfDo} ePsf lyP . t/ Tof]eGbf eofgs oyfy{, sfnsf]
k~hfaf6 k'mTsg ;Ifd tL cfOdfO{nfO{ 3fpsf], b'Mvsf] kL8f / j]bgf cg'ej
ePsf] b]lv+b}gYof] . hËnsf] Tof] /f]df~rs, eofgs ;+3if{do 36gf ;Dembf
klg dnfO{ sfd 5'6\nf h:tf] nfU5 . t/ hËndf o:tf 36gf slt eP
xf]nfg\ / slthgfn] cfk"mnfO{ arfpg ;s] xf]nfg\, xfdL h:tf zx/af;Ln] s]
yfxf kfpg' †
lrtjgsf] h¨ndf d}n] latfPsf] ;do d]/f nflu clj:d/0fLo /x]sf]

5 . clxn] klg hj d zx/L hLjgaf6 lbSs / jfSs x'G5', ;w}+ Toxf“ /dfpg
hfG5' . lrtjgdf ;"of{:tsf] ;do clt g} /dfOnf] x'G5 . wkwk an]sf]
cfuf]sf] 8Nnf] h:tf] /ftf] ;"os
{ f] nflndfn] cfsfzdf 5l/Psf afbnx¿
uf9f, lkmSsf, xNsf /ftf / ldl>t /ªdf /lËPsf x'G5g\\ . ;"o{ c:tfp“bfsf]
/ftf] /ª ha /fKtL gbLsf] ;ª\nf] kfgLdf 5foflÍt x'G5, To;a]nfsf]
jftfj/0f ;f“Rr} /f]df~rs, ljnIf0f / /d0fLo x'G5 . udL{sf] /fk cln sd
x'“b} uP klg xfjf grNbf kl;gf cfpg] qmd eg] hf/L g} /xG5 .
rfnL; jif{ klxn] ;f}/fxfdf dflg;sf] Tolt rxnkxn lyPg .

ko{6s t k6Ss} x'“b}gy], ufp“n]x¿ klg sd} lyP . lrtjg hËnsf] lzlj/df
a;]/ :ynut e|d0f l/kf]6{x¿ tof/ ug]{ a]nf slxn]sfxL+ ;f“em xfQL lnP/
hËn 3'Dg hfg dnfO{ c;fWo} /x/ nfUYof] . d}n] r9\g] xfQLsf] gfd lyof]
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;f]r
d~h'snL / dfpt]sf] gfd lyof] ks'nf . d~h'snL c;fWo} 8/5]?jf / ks'nf
c;fWo} x7L . SofDkdf d PSn} a:bf dnfO{ h¨nL dflg;x¿sf] h:t} lbg
latfpg dg nfUYof] . slxn]sfxL+ 6fh{g h:t} s§'dfq nufP/ xfQLaf6 hËn
3'Dg] /x/ x'GYof] .
Ps;f“em d / ks'nf d~h'snL xfQL lnP/ SofDksf] udL{ 5Ng

cw{gUg eO{ hËnleq k:of}+ . x6\–x6\ eGb} d~h'snLnfO{ ks'nfn] bf}8fof] .
kGw|—aL; ldg]6kl5 ks'nfn] sfg]v'zL ub}{ æ;fk—;fk efn'Æ eGof] . efn'
eGgf;fy d /f]dfl~rt eP“ / efn' ePsf] 7fp“lt/ xfQL nluof] . xfdLn]
efn'sf] aRrfnfO{ ofb} u/]g5f}+ . cfºgf] aRrfnfO{ arfpg efn' b'O{ v'§f 6]s]/
…x\jf¨Ú ub}{ p7\of] . sf“t/ d~h'snL …Sjf“ Sjf“Ú ub}{ hËnleq s'n]nd 7f]sL
xfnL . ks'nf x6\–x6\ eGb} /f]Sg vf]HYof] . t/ 8/5]?jf d~h'snL sxf“
/f]lsg]jfnf lyO{ / † ao/}—ao/sf] 3f/Lleq d~h'snL k;L . ks'nfn] cfºgf]
hLp 9fSg cfk"m a;]sf] efªu|fn] 5f]lkxfNof] . t/ hËndf 6fh{g aGg k'u]sf]
d eg] sf“8— } sf“8fsf] l;sf/ ag]+ . gfËf] hLpdf ;of}+ ao/sf pN6f sf“8fn]
3f]r] . d'vdf klg sf“8f, sf“wdf klg sf“8f, sf“8—} sf“8f . d]/f] hLpdf e'ne'n
/utsf e'Nsf b]lvP . Sof ;+of]u † efUbf—efUb} d~h'snL cs:dft\ dfs'/fsf]
hfnf]leq kf] kl;5 . sf“8fn] sf]t/]sf] d]/f] hLpdfly hfnf]n] 5f]lkxfNof] .
SofDkdf gcfOk'u'~h]n;Dd dnfO{ sF“8fn] 3f]r]sf] Tolt b'v]g . cfºgf]

hLpaf6 Ps–Ps ub}{ lah]sf sf“8f lgsfn]+ t/ /ftL lgs} b'Vg yfNof], lgb|f
klg nfu]g / hLp et\et\ kf]Ng nfUof] . laxfg kf“r} ah] p7]+ . d'v w'g
vf]Hbf d'v ;'lGgPsf] h:tf] c;lhnf] nfUof], w]/} ;'lGgO;s]sf] /x]5 . sf“8f
lae]msf] 3fpdfly dfs'/fsf] hfnf]sf] ljif k}mlnPsfn] zfob d]/f] d'v
;'lGgPsf] x'g;S5 . P]gf x]bf{ cfºgf] d'v cfk}+mn] lrGg ;lsg“ . t'?Gt} e/tk'/
uP“ . dfs'/fsf] ljifsf] k|efj /f]Sg cf}iflw vfP“ / ToxLlbg sf7df8f}+ kmls{P“ .
dnfO{ ofb 5 ha d /ftL 3/ k'u]+, kl/jf/sf s;}n] klg dnfO{ lrg]gg\ . d]/f]
;'lGgPsf] d'v b]v]/ d]/L cfdf em08} d"5f{ kg'{ePsf] † clg t d]/L cfdfn]
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;f]r
rfn kfpg' ef] d]/f] lhGbuLsf] jf:tljstf . To;kl5 t hfuL/ 5f]8\gsf
nflu cfdfn] dnfO{ bafj lbg'dfq ePg, k]Ng} yfNg'eof] .
t/ To;a]nf;Dd jgh¨n, k|s[lt / kxf8 d]/f] hLjgsf cleGg c¨

alg;s]sf lyP dfgf}+ tntn nfu]h:t} . Ps dlxgf sf7df8f}+ a:g' kbf{ klg
uf¥xf] x'GYof] . t/ t/fO{sf] s'g} zx/df jgclws[t eP/ h¨nsf] sf7df 6f“rf
xfGg] sfddf d ;Lldt x'g rfxGgy]+ . d]/f] OR5f lyof], h¨n 3'Dg], 7fp“—
7fp“df af; a:g] / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cWoog ug]{ .
o;} ;Gbe{df Pstfsf d z'Snfkmf“6fsf] h¨ndf ;fyL hf]g Jnf]j/ /

h¨nL hLjhGt' ljz]if1 lk6/ jg{;“u} ;j]{If0f ug{ uPsf] lyP“ . sfds}
l;nl;nfdf Pslbg laxfgsf] ld/ld/] pHofnf]df a|]skmf:6 vfP/
z'Snfkmf“6fsf] 98\8Lleq k:of}+ . d w]/} sd a|]skmf:6 vfGy]+, vf;u/L kfp/f]6L
/ rkftL t vfg} g;Sg] . kfOof] eg] :jf/L, h]/L / xn'jf vfGy]+ . t/ h¨ndf
sxf“ kfpg] :jf/L, h]/L / xn'jf † lbge/ 3'd]/ dxfsfnL gbL lsgf/df tLg—
;f9] tLg ah]lt/ vfgf vfg /f]lsof}+ . cfsfzdf Ps e'mG8 lrnx¿ cfºg}
kf/fn] pl8/x]sf lyP . lrnnfO{ b]vfpb} lk6/n] h¨ndf zfob s]xL h¨nL
hLjhGt' d/]sf] x'g ;Sg] s'/f ;'gfP . To:tf] d/]sf] l;gf] s'g hftsf] xf], Tof]
x]g{ xfdL h¨nleq kl;xfNof}+ . cGbfhL kGw|—aL; ldg]6 lx+8]kl5 Pp6f
;fDa/sf] l;gf] b]lvof], c;fWo} uGxfpg] . d}n] ;f;} k]mg{ ;lsg“ . t/ lk6/
eg] d/]sf] ;fDa/sf] l;gf]nfO{ cf]N6fO{—kN6fO{ x]g{ yfn] . lk6/n] eg], æof]
;fDa/nfO{ af3n] df/]sf] xf] . o;nfO{ vfg af3 k]ml/ oxf“ cfp“5 .Æ lk6/sf]
pT;'stf emg a9\b} uof] / pgL 98\8Lsf] rf/}lt/ hf;'; h:t} 3'Dg yfn] .
glhs} b'O—
{ rf/ j6f hfd'gsf ?v lyP . x/]s hfd'gsf] ?v pgL ;'£“ g yfn] .
jg lj1fg / jGo hLjhGt'sf ;DaGwdf d]/f] lstfaL cWoogdfq

lyof] t/ cg'ej sd . t;y{ klg lk6/sf] x/]s lqmofsnfknfO{ d}n] a'¤g]
sf]l;; u/]+ . lk6/nfO{ h¨n / h¨nL hLjhGt'af/] w]/} yfxf /x]5 . pgn] eg]
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;f]r
æx]/, af3n] of] ;fDa/nfO{ b'O{ lbg klxn]dfq df/]sf] xf] . cfh /ftL klg af3
k]ml/ oxf“ cfp“5 .Æ pgn] k]ml/ eg] ædnfO{ z+sf 5, of] af3sf] l;sf/ ug{
ef/taf6 l;sf/Lx¿ vf]nf t/L oxf“ cfp“5g\\ .Æ lk6/n] k|df0fx¿ b]vfpg
hfd'gsf ?vdf ;fDa/sf] df;' vfO;s]kl5 af3n] cfºgf] k+hfn] sf]/]sf] 7fp“
b]vfP . tL 7fp“df df;'sf] uGw lyof] . clg ToxL+ ?vd'lg ds}sf u]8fx¿ klg
e]l§P . ?vsf xf“ufdf l;sf/Lsf rSs'n] sf]6\ofPsf bfu / ?vdf a:bf—a:b}
ds} vfPsf] s'/faf6 l;sf/Lsf] pkl:ylt :k:6 x'GYof] . otfptf x]bf{x]b}{ ;f“em
kg{ yfNof] . t}klg lk6/sf] lh1f;f sd ePsf] lyPg . pgn] l;sf/L sxf“af6
cfP, uP eGg] rf]/ af6f] kQf nufpg vf]h] . Tof] 98\8Ldf b'Oj6f kblrGx
b]lvGy] . Pp6f xfdL cfPsf] / csf]{ l;sf/L lx+8]sf] . l;sf/Lx¿ uPsf]
7fp“df 98\8Lx¿ sfl6Psf lyP . ToxL+af6 xfdL uof}+ . s]xL l5gkl5
dxfsfnL gbL lsgf/ cfOk'Uof] . lsgf/df 8'¨f af“Wg]] Pp6f alnof] 7'6f]
uf8]sf] /x]5 . zfob gbL kfl/af6 cfpg] l;sf/Lx¿n] /ftL ToxL 7'6f]df
cfºgf] 8'¨f af“w]/ h¨nleq af3sf] l;sf/ ug{ hfGy] xf]nf .
olb d lk6/l;t Toxf“ 3'Dg guPsf] eP dnfO{ oltsf s'/f yfxf x'g]
g} lyPg . 3'Dbf3'Db} emdSs ;f“em ePsf] yfxf g} ePg . klxn] cfPsf]
af6f]af6 kms{gnfO{ sd;]sd c¿ rf/—kf“r 306f lx+8\g' kYof]{, To;}n]
z'Snfkmf“6fsf] aLr}aLraf6 SofDk kms{g] ljrf/ u¥of}+ . 98\8Lleq 3'“8f—
3'“8f;Dd kfgL lyof] . sDkf; x]b}{ 98\8LnfO{ kmf“8\b} cufl8 a9\g yflnof] .
lk6/sf] k5fl8 hf]g clg d ;aeGbf k5fl8—k5fl8 lx8]+ . Psbd ef]s
nfu]sf] lyof], s'/f ug]{ zlQm g} ePg . a;\, kfgLdf 5\ofKnfª—5'Kn'ª ub}{
af]nrfn} gu/L k5fl8 lx+8\g]n] cufl8sf] v'§f x]b}{ cufl8dfq al9/x\of}+ .
cs:dft\ lk6/ cflQP/ s/fpg yfn], æoxf“ gcfpm, oxf“ gcfpm .Æ

c“Wof/f] e};s]sf] lyof] . hf]g Psflt/ efu], d csf]l{ t/ . d}n] cg'dfg} ug{
;lsg, lk6/nfO{ s] eof] eg]/ . ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] xf] jf af3n] emD6]sf] . kf“r
ldg]6kl5 :of“—:of“ ub}{ lk6/n] æhf]g, s0f{ x\j]/ cf/ o' <Æ eGb} xfdLnfO{
af]nfpg yfn] . ;f“r} eGg] xf] eg] Tof] a]nf d lgs} cQflnPsf] lyP“ . s] eof],
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;f]r
7\ofDd} rfn kfOg“ . Psl5g otfptL ub}{ xfdL b'a}hgf lk6/ ePsf] 7fp“df
k'Uof}+ . Toxf“ cfºgf] d'v 5f]k]/ hldgd} ple/x]sf] cj:yfdf lk6/nfO{ e]§fof}+ .
pgsf] lt3|f;Dd kfgL lyof] . jf:tjdf pgnfO{ 8f“; hftsf] h¨nL df}/Ln]
6f]s]sf] /x]5 . d'v Psbd ;'lGg;s]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ slt b'v]sf] xf]nf,
xfdLn] cg'dfg} ug{ ;s]gf}+ . t/ pgdf cf“6 eg] h:tfsf] t:t} lyof]] . s]xL
l5gkl5 xfdL s] lx+8\g nfu]sf lyof}+, "Damn, my compass" eGb} lk6/n]
cfºgf] sDkf; vf]Hg yfn] . n ca k¥of] cfkt † 8f“;n] 6f]Sg] a]nf lk6/sf]
sDkf; kfgLdf v;]sf] /x]5 . ca sxf“ vf]Hg] < xfdL tLg} hgf 5\ofk—5\ofk
ub}{ 98\8Lsf] kfgLleq sDkf; vf]Hg nfUof}+ . t/ sxf“ kfpg' † ;f/f cfsfz
afbnn] 8Dd 9fs]sf] lyof], lbzfaf]w ug{ Pp6f klg tf/f b]lvb}gYof] . cflv/
lagfsDkf; z'Snfkmf“6fsf] ljzfn 98\8Lleq xfdL ef}tfl/of}+ / x/fof}+ . 6f9fsf]
b[Zo x]g{ dfly r9\g Pp6f klg ?v lyPg . hxf““ uof] Toxf“ 98\8L g} 98\8L .
dfgf}+, 98\8Ls} dxf;fu/df xfdL x/fP h:tf] nfUof] . sxL+ a:g] 7fp“ 5}g,
hxf“ uPklg kfgL g} kfgL .
lg/Gt/ cfPsf] kl;gfn] ubf{ dnfO{ clt Kof; nflu;s]sf] lyof] .

af]tndf Ps yf]kf kfgL lyPg . hLa|f] vfS;L h:tf] ;'ls;s]sf] lyof] . cflv/
Kof;nfO{ /f]Sg} g;s]/ h] xf]nf—xf]nf eg]/ cfºgf] ks]6 ?dfnnfO{ 98\8Lsf]
kfgLdf lehfP/ d'vn] r':g yfn]+ . …ef]ln emf8f—jfGtf nfu] nfuf];\ t/ cfh
/flt kfgLsf] Kof; d]l6of] eg] ef]ln;Dd t af“lrPnf,Ú o:t} ;f]rfO cfO/x]sf]
lyof] . lx+8\bflx+8\b} v'§f sf7 h:tf] e};s]sf lyP . ple/xg] zlQm lyPg t/
a;f}+ eg] s;/L / sxf“ † cfk"md'lg hldgdf lt3|f;Dd kfgL 6Dd lyof] .
lx+8\bf—lx+8\b} cGbfhL /ftL b'O{ah] aNn—aNn Pp6f kLknsf] ?v e]l6of] .
tLg} hgf Ps zAb klg gaf]nL ?vdfly r9\of}+ . clg t s] lyof], lrt'jf ;'t]
h:t} ?vsf] xf“ufnfO{ c¨fnf] df/L /ftsf] af“sL k|x/ xf“ufdf g} latfof}+ .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—%
3'ldlkm/L k]ml/ ¿Dhf6f/

æ====== lhGbuLsf] nfdf] ofqfdf bL3{sfnLg v]n v]Ng] xf] eg] lbdfuaf6
pAh]sf lg0f{oaf6 xf]Og, cGtx[{bosf] ;Rrf 9's9'sLsf] w/ftndf 7l8Psf]
cfTdljZjf;sf] cfjfh ;'Gg'k5{ . :jfyL{ lbdfusf t/Ën] dflg;nfO{ wf]sf
lbg ;S5g\ t/ x[boleqsf cfb]z lgb]{zaf6 ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿n] dflg;nfO{
oyfl:yltdf ;fdfGotM wf]sf lb+b}gg\ . t;y{ d s'g}klg sfd ug'{eGbf klxn]
cf“vf lrDnG5', lbdfu vf]N5' clg x[bosf] emÍf/ ;'G5' .Æ
jgh¨n / jGo hLjhGt'x¿sf] h}ljs ljljwtf cWoog ug]{ qmddf

d}n] b'O{ jif{ nuftf/ g]kfnsf s'gf–sfKrf, kfvf—kv]/f, sGb/fx¿sf] e|d0f
u/]+ . To;a]nf jgljefudf k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf gfp“df Pp6f vl/bf/cGtu{t
…l;sf/L kmf“6Ú lyof] . kl5 hf]g Anf]j/ / d ldn]/ jGohLjhGt' ;+/If0fsf
nflu Pp6f 5'§} ljefu vf]Ng] of]hgf th'{df u¥of}+ / kl5 ;fljssf] ;fgf]
lzsf/L kmf“6nfO{ 5'§} k"0f{ clwsf/;DkGg ljefu agfpg] lg0f{o eof] .
tt\jZrft\ ;f];— { kmf];{jfnf clws[tx¿ leq k;]/ dnfO{ kfvf nufpg] k|k~r
ug{ yfn] . …sfd ug]{ sfn' ds} vfg] efn'Ú eg] e}+m dnfO{ cGoq ;¿jf ug]{
s'/f rNof] . t/, d eg] Tof] lg0f{o dfGg]jfnf lyOg . ljj]snfO{ lyr]/ g d
sfd ug{ ;S5', g t dnfO{ s;}n] k|of]u g} u/]sf] ;xg ;S5' . d ;w+}
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;f]r
:jtM:km"t{ ¿kn] sfd u5'{ . bafjdf cfP/ cfk"mnfO{ dg gk/]sf] 7fp“ :ju}{
ePklg sfd ug{ ;lSbg . d s'g} …lkª\kª\ anÚ xf]Og h;n] hxf“ xfGof] ToxL“
7f]lSsg hfg] . d}n] ljrf/ u/]+, d]/f] nfdf] lhGbuLdf cfºgf] nIo pRr
/fVg'k5{ lsgeg] d}n] w]/} sfd ug{ af“sL g} 5 . o;/L cGofo ;xg] afgL
eof] eg] d]/f] cfTdan nf]k eP/ hfg]5 . d s'g}klg xfntdf cfºgf]
ljZjf;sf] kf/bzL{ P]gf k'm6\g lbGg, pT;fxsf] emGsf/sf] tf/ 6'6\g lbGg .
To;f] eof] eg] d]/f] cGtlg{lxt cfTdljZjf; x/fpg]5 .
…dÚ eGg' g} d]/f] xf] / ddf …dÚ g} ePg eg] kl5 uP/ s] sfd ug{
;s'“nf / < d}n] tTsfn} lg0f{o ul/xfn]+, ca d ;/sf/L hfuL/ vfGg . oxf“
a;]/ d]/f] pTyfg ;Dej x'“b}g . ;dod} d oxf“af6 plDsg' k5{, lg:sg'k5{ .
d}n] tTsfn} lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg jf ul/g eg] kl5 of] hfuL/sf] t[i0ffn] dnfO{
b'Jo{;gL h:t} agfOlbg ;S5 . d}n] To:tf sltko ;fyLx¿ b]vs ] f] 5' h;sf]
sfdk|lt s]xL df]x 5}g, nufj 5}g, tgdg 5}g . a;\ cfn:o af]s]/ bz ah]
sfof{no k'Uof], 3fd tfKof], aNntNn kf“r ahfof] clg 3/ kmls{of] .
pgLx¿df lg/fzf / pbf;Lgtf e/df/ 5 . To;/L sfd ubf{ g JolQmut
ljsf; x'G5 g t /fi6«nfO{ g} s]xL 6]jf k'U5 . lg:s[o eP/ af“Rg] d]/f] ;f]v
lyPg . t;y{ d}n] lg0f{o u/]+, ca d hfuL/ 5f]8\5' . geGb} ;g\ !(&) df
5f]8L klg xfn]+ .
hfuL/ 5f]8]sf] ;'Ggf;fy ;aeGbf v'zL d]/L cfdf x'g'eof] . jf:tjdf

d]/f] kl/jf/n] ha hËnL hLjgsf] sl7gfO, cgsG6f/ 7fp“x¿df e|d0f ug{
hf“bf ef]Ug' k/]sf cg]sf}+ b'Mv, si6x¿ a'‰g yfNof], dnfO{ hfuL/ 5f]8\gsf
lgldQ 3/fo;L bafj cfpg ;'¿ eO;s]sf] lyof] . cfdfsf nflu t hËndf
hf“bf PnhL{sf] sf/0f ;'lGgP/ lep“6 h:tf] ePsf] d]/f] d'v g} kof{Kt lyof]
d}n] hfuL/ 5f]8\gsf lglDt . Ps lsl;dn] d efUodfgL g} lyP“ . lsgls d}n]
Tolt w]/} cfly{s af]em / ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] lyPg . To;}n] klg
xf]nf hfuL/ r6Ss} 5f]8\g ;s]sf] .
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;f]r
;fg} pd]/b]lv d}n] cfdf / afa'sf] dfof, :g]x, k|]d / jfT;No kof{Kt
kfPsf]] lyP“ . d]/f] ;+:sf/ / ;f]rsf] hu lgdf{0f ug{df d]/f a'af—d'dfn] 7"nf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] 5 . x'g t d c7f/ jif{sf] x'“bf d]/f a'afsf] b]xfj;fg
ePsf] lyof] . tyflk Tolt 5f]6f] ;dodf klg a'afn] d]/f] dgdl:tisdf
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] jLp /f]lklbO;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 . pxf“n] g} l;sfpg' ePsf]
lyof] dnfO{ ædWo/ft kZrft\ ;"o{ pbfp“5Æ eg]/ . s'g} dflg;n] cfnf]rgf
u¥of] eg] pxf“ eGg'x'GYof], æ/fd aGgsf lglDt /fj0fsf] cfjZostf k5{,
eujfg\ a'4 aGgsf lgldQ b]jbQ rflxG5 .Æ b'Mv ge}sg ;'v cfp“b}g,
;d:of gcfOsg pknlAw xfl;n x'“b}g eGg] jf:tljs ;To, tYo s'/f d}n]
pxf“;“u} l;s]+] .
kf“r jif{sf] slnnf] pd]/df d]/f] a'af l;l4axfb'/ zfSosf cfdf—

a'afsf] :juf{/f]x0f e};s]sf] lyof] . d]/f] a'afnfO{ pxf“sf sfsfn] x'sf{pg'
ePsf] /x]5 . slnn} pd]/df lzIff k|fKt gul/sg} a'afn] cg]s Joj;fo
ug'{ePsf] /x]5 lhhLljiff …;/efOen OlG:6ª\S6Ú sf nflu . /f0ffx¿sf]
3/fo;L lsgd]n ul/lbg] sfdaf6 z'¿ ePsf] pxf“sf] cWoj;fo a9\b}, emfl¨b}
uof] . kl5 ;'g k;n rnfpbf rnfp“b} cGo Joj;fodf klg pxf“ nfUg'
eof] . ;do—;dodf snsQf, aDaO{;d]t uO{ Jofkf/ ug'{eof], slxn] ;'kf/L,
slxn] Njfª lemsfpg] Jofkf/ . !(() ;fndf dxfe"sDk uPsf] a]nf pxf“n]
h:tfkftf / ;]kmx¿ klg lemsfpg] sfd ug'{eof] . s'g ;do / kl/l:yltdf
s] sfd ug'{k5{, s:tf] Jofkf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] pxf“nfO{ Jofjxfl/s 1fg
/x]5 . …;dodf xL/f klg kmf]g{ hfGg'k5{, sdfpg ;lhnf] 5 t/ a'l4dfgLk"0f{
t/Lsfn] k};f vr{ ug{ uf¥xf] x'G5Ú eGg] dxfg\ lzIff d}n] a'afl;t g} l;s]+ /
;dosf] plrt Joj:yfkg -6fOd Dofg]hd]G6_ af6 dflg;n] y'k|} sfd ug{
;S5 eGg] s'/f d}n] pxf“af6 g} hfg]“ .
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;f]r
/f0ffx¿sf] 3/df sfd u/]sf] x'“bf d]/f] a'af nufpg / vfgdf clt
;f]lvg x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“ lbglbg} wf]Psf], lxp“h:tf] ;]tf] gog;'tsf] ;'¿jfn–
sldh nufpg' x'GYof] . cfh nufPsf] n'uf ef]ln gx'g] . n'uf w'gsf nflu
cfºg} wf]aL /fv]sf] . xfdL tL wf]jLnfO{ ttfh' eGg] uYof}{+ . ttfh'n] gL/ /fv]/
pxf“sf] n'uf w'g] / zª\vn] 3f]6\g] uly{g\ . ;'Tg] vf6df ;w}+ ;]tf] tGgf x'g}kg{],
Tof] klg 6dSs sl:;Psf], le“muf p8]/ tGgfdf a;]klg lrKn]/ hfg] vfnsf]
/] . njfO{—vjfO{df ;f/} ;f]lvg, af“nfrfs} k;ndf df;' lsGg' kg]{,
dfgaxfb'/ bfOs} k;ndf d;nf lsGg' kg]{, ;'lndfgsf] xn'jfO{ k;nd} /f]6L
lsGg' kg]{, la:nfnsf] k;ndf ;fukft lsGg} kg]{, asrfs}df sldh—;'¿jfn
l;nfpg} kg]{ cflb—OToflb . ;do ;dodf wfld{s tyf ;fdflhs sfo{df
plQs} Jo:t x'g] a'afsf] cfbt lyof] . 6f]nsf lgs} dflg;nfO{ a6'n]/ cfºg}
vr{df kGw|—;f]¥x lbg nufP/ dgsfdgf bz{g ug{ nfg] ug'{x'GYof] pxf“ .
a'afsf] cfr/0f / Jojxf/n] d]/f] dgdl:tisdf 7"nf] 5fk 5f]8]sf] 5 .

pxf“sf cufl8 cfºgf ;d:of lnP/ cfpg] hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg pxf“ pT;fx /
pd¨ hufP/ k7fpg'x'GYof] . a'afsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] v'aL oxL lyof] . Pp6f
cgfy afns Pp6f k|ltli7t ;'g Jofkf/L aGg'df a'afsf] cgj/t rf]vf]
kl/>d / d]xgt dfq xf]Og, d]/L cfdfsf] k|ToIf of]ubfg klg k|z:t lyof] .
d]/L cfdf a'4dfof zfSo c;fWo} bofjtL x'g'x'GYof] . ;w}+ s;} g s;}nfO{
s]xL g s]xL lbO{ g} /xg'x'GYof] . d'dfn] 5—;fthgfnfO{ wd{k'q / wd{k'qL
agfpg' ePsf] lyof] . cgfyx¿nfO{ x'sf{P/ clg pd]/ k'uk] l5 j|taGw,
lax];d]t u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] 3/af/ a;fOlbg'x'GYof] . pgLx¿ clxn];Dd klg
xfd|F] kl/jf/s} ;b:osf ¿kdf 5g\\ . ;a}sf] cf–cfºgf] k]zf 5 . sf]xL
k'/f]lxtsf] sfd u/]/ a;]sf 5g\\ . s;}sf] /f]6L k;n 5 eg] s;}sf] t/sf/L
k;n . cem b'Ohgf t wgs'6f / x]6f}+8fdf ;'g k;n /fv]/ /fd|/L
hLljsf]kfh{g ul//fv]sf 5g\\ . d]/f] a'af cgfys} ¿kdf x's{g'ePsf] x'“bf
zfob cgfyk|lt dfof / Kof/ hfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf .
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;f]r
cfdf c;fWo} wfld{s k|j[lQsL x'g'x'GYof] . tL; jif{;Dd cgj/t pxf“
c;gb]lv :joDe" 8f“8fsf] r}To;Dd lx+8]/ k"hf ug{ hfg'x'GYof] . zfob ToxL“
sf/0fn] xf]nf, lqofgAa] jif{sf] nfdf] pd]/;Dd s;}nfO{ s'g} b'Mv glbO{ :ki6
:d/0fzlQm / r]tgfsf;fy pxf“ af“Rg'eof] . d]/f] lhGbuLdf a'afsf]eGbf
cfdfsf] k|efj w]/} 5 . pxf“n] dnfO{ l;sfpg' ePsf] 7"nf] kf7 xf], æc¿l;t
lng'eGbf c¿nfO{ lbg' /dfOnf] x'G5 .Æ ;f“Rr} ln“bf dg slt u¥xf}+ x'G5 t/
lb“bf slt xn'¨f] †
xfd|f] 3/df sfd ug]{ dflg;x¿ kl/jf/s} ;b:o ;/x x'G5g\\ .

slxn]sfxL“ ægf]s/x¿nfO{ 3'“8fdfly p7fpg' x'“b}g gq 6fpsf]df 6]Sg
cfp“5g\\Æ eGg] :jfyL{x¿sf] s'/f ;'Gbf d]/f] sGr6 tfT5 . d]/L cfdfn] cfºgf
afnaRrf / 3/df sfd ug]{ dflg;df s]xL km/s ug'{x'Gy]g . 3/df Pp6}
r'Nxf] x'GYof], Ps}yl/ ef“8fs'“8f clg Ps} lsl;dsf] vfgf . cfdfsf] cfjfh
d]/f] sfgdf clxn];Dd klg u'lGh/xG5 æP Gx'R5], P u'g], P d}rf, af s'g

a]nf cfp“5g\ yfxf 5}g, ltdLx¿ vfO/fv, pgLx¿ kl5 vfG5g\\ .Æ tftf] eft
klxn] t 3/df sfd ug]{n] vfGy] . sfd ug]{x¿nfO{ x'sf{P/ /fd|f] s]6f jf s]6L
vf]h]/ lax] u/fOlb+bf / 3/ u[x:yL a;fOlb+bf cfdfnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L ;'v
ldNYof] . To:tf s]6Lx¿sf] sGofbfg a'af / d'df cfk}+mn] ul/lbg'x'GYof] /
pgLx¿sf ;Gtfg eP eg] Gjf/g;d]t u/fOlbg' x'GYof] . dnfO{ uj{ nfU5
sqf] pbf/ rl/q, slt ljzfn 5ftL d]/f cfdf—a'afsf] . To:tf] ;+:sf/df
x's]{sf] x'“bf zfob c¿nfO{ s]xL lbg kfOof] eg] dnfO{ klg c;fWo} cfgGb
cfp“5 . slxn]sfxL“ 3/df HofdLx¿nfO{ sfd nufp“bf d cfk}+mn] g} ksfP/
v'jfp“5' / cfk"m klg pgLx¿l;t ;“u} vfG5' . ha pgLx¿n] dL7f] dfgL d}n]
ksfPsf] vfgf vfG5g\\, To;a]nf d c;fWo} /dfp“5' . kf“rtf/] xf]6]ndf vfg]
Ps 5fssf] k};fn] d}n] slthgfnfO{ dL7f] vfgf Vjfpg ;Sy+] eGg] cfp“5 .
slxn]sfxL+ cfk"mn] nufO/fv]sf] gof“ n'uf km'sfn]/ sfdbf/x¿nfO{ lb+bf ha
pgLx¿df v'zLsf] emns b]V5', dnfO{ cf}wL /dfOnf] nfU5 . t/ s;};“u s]xL
lng'k¥of] eg] dnfO{ c;fWo} uf¥xf] x'G5, c;lhnf] x'G5, s:tf] s:tf] x'G5 . d
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;f]r
s;}l;t dfUg ;lSbg“ . s;}n] dnfO{ Pssk lrof v'jfof] eg]klg p;nfO{
s;/L b'Osk lrof v'jfpg] eGg] dgdf v'Nb'nL nflu/xG5 .
plxn] d b]x/fb"gdf k9\g hfg]a]nf xl/åf/af6 nId0fe"mnf;Dd k}bn

ofqf u/]sf] lyP“ . hf8f]sf] ofd, lem;\ld;] pHofnf]df d u+ufsf] au/ x'“b}
nId0fe"mnflt/ nfu]+ . laxfg lgs} 708L lyof] / u+uf gbLsf] lsgf/x¿df
cg]s hf]uLx¿ w'gL hufP/ al;/x]sf x'Gy] . Pshgf afafn] dnfO{ af]nfP .
d klg ysfO{ dfg{ afafsf] cf>ddf uP“ . afaf k"/} gfË} lyP . hLpe/
v/fgL 3;]sf,nfdf]–nfdf] skfn] h'/f] kf/L /fv]sf clg cfºgf] hg]lGb|odf
Pp6f rf“bLsf] cf}7L nufO/fv]sf lyP . cufl8 w'gLdf tLg–rf/j6f d'8f
aln/x]sf lyP . æsxf“af6 cfPsf] <Æ eg]/ pgn] dnfO{ ;f]w] . æg]kfnaf6
cfPsf],Æ eg]+ d}n] . Ps}rf]l6 d]/f] 6fpsf]df xft /fv]/ d]/f skfnsf] /f}+ dfly
;fb}{ pgn] eg] æt" b]gf hfgtf x} n]gf gxL, t" b]t] xL /xgf, ha ts t'd b]
;st] xf] eujfg t'dsf] v'; /v]uf .Æ d}n] afafsf] s'/fdf Tolt Wofg lbOg .
pgsf] xft klxn] pgsf] lnËdf lyof] kl5 d]/f] 6fpsf]df ToxL xft /fVbf
dnfO{ c;lhnf] nfu]sf] lyof] . s]xL k};f afafnfO{ lbp“m eg]/ ljrf/ u/]sf]
lyP“, vNtLdf 5fd+] t/ rfgr'g lyPg . ;o ¿k}of“sf] gf]6dfq lyof] . ljBfyL{

g 7x/]+ d † sxf“ ;o—;o ¿k}of“ lbg' eg]/ k};f vNtLaf6 lemlsg . afafn]
æxf] uof xf] uof, hfcf]–hfcf]Æ eg] . afafsf] w'gL 5f]8]/ d cufl8 a9]+ .
clxn] klg afafn] eg]sf] Tof] s'/f d ;lDem/xG5' .
d]/f] lhGbuLdf d]/L lbbLn] klg dnfO{ Pp6f kf7 l;sfpg' ePsf] 5 .
pxf“sf] :jefj d]/L cfdf;“u 7\ofSs} gldNg] . lbbL eGg'x'GYof], ælbg]x¿ dfq
t d"v{ x'G5g\\ .Æ dflg;n]] clgoldt sfd ug'{ x'“b}g, lsGt' cfºgf] clwsf/
klg 5f]8\g' x'“b}g eGg] kf7 rflx+ dnfO{ d]/L lbbLn] g} l;sfpg' ePsf] xf] .
d]/f] lhGbuLdf d}n] clxn];Dd h]hlt kfPsf] 5', sdfPsf] 5' / ef]u]sf] 5',
To;df d]/f] cflwsfl/s ¿kn] cfºgf] d]xgtsf] kl;gf k/]sf] 5 . lhGbuLdf
clxn];Dd c¿sf] d]xgtsf] kmn l;Q} vfPsf] 5}g / d eujfg;“u oxL
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;f]r
k|fy{gf ug{ rfxG5'[ of] d]/f] :jfledfg lhGbuLsf] clGtd If0f;Dd ;w}+ sfod
/lx/xf];\ . t/ o;sf] cy{ d rflxg]eGbf a9L eb|enfb\dL e}/x"“ eGg] sbflk
xf]Og . ddf Pp6f sdhf]/L 5, Tof] xf] olb s;}n] dnfO{ 7Uof] jf 7u]sf]
dx;'; eof]eg] dnfO{ c;fWo} lrQ b'MV5 / l/; p7\5 . ha cfk"m lbn vf]n]/
lbO/fv]sf] x'G5', ta lng]n] lagf lxrlsrfx6 / lagf s[t1tf lnO/fv]sf] 5
eg] cfk"m 7luO/x]sf] dx;'; u5'{ . olb dnfO{ s;}n] 7lu/x]sf] 5 eGg] nfUof]
eg] d t'¿Gt} Tof] /f]Sg] dfq xf]Og, lj/f]w / k|ltjfb;d]t u5'{ . x'g t s;}n]
7lu/x]sf] 5 eGg] dgdf nfu] r'krfk a;] k'UYof] t/ Toltn]dfq dnfO{ lrQ
a'‰b}g . d p;nfO{ 7f8} elgxfN5' / s8f k|ltlqmof;d]t hgfOxfN5' . of] d]/f]
sdhf]/L, b'u'{0f jf zlQm s] xf], d}n] 7Dofpg ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g .
jgljefuaf6 hfuL/ 5f]8]kl5 d]/f;fd' Pp6f r'gf}tL t]l;{of]— ca s]

ug]{ < v'nf xfjfdf a;]/ k|s[ltsf] ;ª\nf] kfgLdf lhGbuLsf] 8'Ëf lvofO/x]sf]
d h:tf] r'krfk a:g} g;Sg] JolQm Ps} 7fp“df a;L sfd ug'{kbf{ ps';—
d's'; x'G5 g} eGg] ;f]r]+ . t;y{ cfk"mnfO{ kfoskbf]{ s'g} g s'g} sfd t ug}{
k¥of] eGg] ljrf/ u/]+ . s]xL ;dosf lgldQ c;gsf] cfºgf] k/Dk/fut ;'g
k;ndf sfd u/]+ . a'af :ju{] e};Sg' ePsf] x'“bf xfd|f] ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df
b'O{hgf bfh'–efOdfq lyof} . ;'gsf] yf]s laqmL uYof}{+, Jofkf/ /fd|} lyof] . t/
Jofkf/ hlt;'s} /fd|f] ePklg tLg sjnsf] k;nsf] ;Lldt kl/lwdf a;]/
sfd ug]{ d]/f] OR5f lyPg . s]xL gof“ sfd u/f}+, gof“ pBf]uwGbf z'¿ u/f}+
eGg] cEoGt/df d]/f] wf/0ff lyof] . bfh'n] klg dnfO{ ;fy lbb} eGg'eof],
æltdLnfO{ s] ug]{ OR5f 5 :ki6 eg, xfdL u/f}+nf .Æ t/ ug]{ s] < To:tf]
l:yltdf lgSof]{n ug{ w]/} uf¥xf] x'“bf]/x]5 . Pp6f k]zfaf6 csf]{ k]zfsf]
kl/sNkgf ug'{ jf:tjd} ;lhnf] lyPg . hlt ljrf/ u/]klg …3'ldlkm/L—
¿Dhf6f/Ú eg]em}+ dfG5] cfºg} k'/fgf] k]zfdf 3'Dbf] /x]5 . t/ ;f}efUoj;
k/Dk/fut kfl/jfl/s k]zfk|lt d]/f] df]x, ;Lk / 1fg cfj4 / ljsl;t
e};s]sf] lyPg . sltkN6 t ;'g k;ndf a:bf ;'g eg]/ lkQn klg
lslgP5 . dnfO{ ;SsnL / gSsnL xL/fdf x'g] ;"Idflt;"Id leGgtfsf] 1fg
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;f]r
g} 5}g . cfdf / bfh'n] dnfO{ c¿ pBf]u ug]{ 5'6 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . jf:tjdf
Tof] 5'6 g} d]/f nflu Pp6f lgtfGt gof“ r'gf}tL lyof] . dflg;sf]
hLjgj[lQnfO{ Pp6f /]vfaf6 csf]{ dfu{df, Pp6f uf]/]6f]af6 csf]{ uf]/]6f]df
kl/jt{g ug{ ;f“Rr} uf¥x} x'G5 .
s]xL ;dosf lgldQ d x/fP“ . d ls+st{Joljd"9 h:t} eP“, hf]

c:jfefljs xf]Og . x'g t jgljefudf sfd ubf{klg k'm;{bdf ;'g k;ndf
sfd uy]{+ . labfdf lbgel/ k;ndf a:y]+ clg ;f“em k/]kl5 To;tfsf
sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' emf]5]+sf] uNnLdf 3'Dg hfGy]+ . To;a]nf Toxf“ lxKkL ko{6gsf]
huhuL lyof] . Toxf“sf ;fgf c“Wof/f /]i6'/]G6x¿df lrof vfg hfg], ca]/;Dd
ljb]zL;“u s'/f u/L /dfO{ a:g] afgL a:g nfUof] . slxn]sfxL“ pgLx¿sf]
;+utdf uf“hf—;f“hf klg tflgof] . t/ dnfO{ yfxf lyof] d]/f] uGtJo:yn
emf]5]+ xf]Og . emf]5]+sf ljleGg nhx¿df 3'Dbf—3'Db} d]/f] dfg;k6ndf Pp6f
pHofnf] k'~h pAHof] . d sNkgf ug{ yfn]+, 7d]nl:yt d]/f] 3/df klg d}n]
xf]6]n agfP s:tf] xf]nf <
d]/f] a'afn] ;g\ !(%% df g]kfnsf] klxnf] OlGhlgo/ s'df/ g/l;+x

/f0ffsf] 7d]nl:yt 3/ lsGg'ePsf] lyof] . d]/f] a'afsf] ;fg} pd]/b]lv g}
/f0ffx¿;“u ;+ut ePsf] x'“bf pgLx¿sf] afx\o hLjg—k4ltaf6 k|efljt e}
pxf“n] klg To:t} vfnsf] hLjgz}nL ckgfpg] ;kgf b]Vg'eP5 . ToxL
;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg]{ nfn;f cg'¿k pxf“n] /f0ffsf] Tof] 3/ lsGg'eof] xf]nf .
To; hdfgfdf g]kfndf klxnf]kN6 /f0ffsf] b/af/ lsGg] g]jf/df zfob d]/f]
a'af g} x'g'x'GYof] . b/af/ lsg]kl5 To;nfO{ ;'xfp“bf lqmi6nsf emf/x¿, P]gf,
dfj{n 6]a'n, lkofgf] cflb ;/;fdfg klg t lsGg}k¥of] / lslgof] klg .
a'afsf] b]xfGtkZrft\ sfna]nf cg'¿k xfd|f] hLjgz}nLdf klg kl/jt{g
cfof] . aGb Jofkf/ c;gdf, a;f]af; 7d]ndf . To;a]nf 7d]naf6 c;g
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;f]r
hfg cfpg w]/} nfdf] h:tf] nfUYof] . plta]nfsf] 7d]n t clxn]sf] ag]kf
h:tf] nfUg] . 7d]nsf af6f3f6f ;'g;fg nfUy] . xfd|f] 3/leq k:g] af6f]sf]
bfof“—afof“ v'nf zf}rfno h:tf] lyof] . 7d]nsf clwsf+z 3/x¿df
zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf lyPg . To;a]nf 7d]ndf ;f“em kgf{;fy dflg;x¿
af6f]df lx+8\8'n ub}{gy] . PskN6 xfd|} 3/ aflx/ 6\ofS;L rfnsnfO{ 5'/f xfgL
s;}n] df/]sf] lyof] . To;/L 7d]ndf 8«fOe/ dfl/Psf] va/ ;f/f g]kfndf
k}mlnof] . Pshgf dfG5]nfO{ dfbf{ ;f/fsf—;f/f dflg; 8/n] y/y/ sfDg] of]
b]zdf rfnL;—krf; jif{sf] 5f]6f] cGt/fnkl5 /fhgLlts åGåsf sf/0f s}of}+
lg/k/fw dflg; g[z+;tfk"j{s dg]{÷dfl/g] u5{g\ . o:tf b'lb{g cfpnfg\ eg]/
xfdL sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sb}gYof}+ .
7d]n To;a]nf clt cljsl;t, egf}+ eg] b'u{d 6f]n lyof] . Ps

/f]kgL hUuf 5—;ft xhf/ ¿k}of“d} kfOGYof] . d]/f] 3/nfO{ s;/L nh agfpg]
/ To;nfO{ s;/L ljsf; ug]{ eGg] of]hgf d]/f] ;fgf] lbdfudf hlxNo} klg
3'ld/xGYof] . cflv/ r~rn] dg g xf] . o:tf] ;'g;fg 7fp“df sxf“af6 ko{6s
cfpg' / < d}n] ;f]r]+, ljsl;t 7fp“df t ;a}n] ljsf; ug{ ;S5g\\ . r'gf}tL
eg]sf] t cljsl;t 7fp“df ljsf; ug'{ g} xf] . t/ ;f]r]/ dfq k'Ub}gYof] .
To;a]nf d rf}jL;—kRrL; jif]{ o'js} lyP“ . cfly{s ;|f]t ;Lldt lyof] .
km'sL—km'sL ljrf/ u/]/dfq k};f vr{ ug'{kYof]{ . r'gf}tL g} t xf] eGb} h'jf
v]Ng ;Sg] Ifdtf klg ddf lyPg . jf:tjdf To;f] ug'{ klg x'“b}gYof] . d h]
ub}{5', ;kmn x'g}k5{ eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy d}n] sfd ug'{k5{ . r'gf}tLsf]
gfp“df d d]/f] ;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf] ;f]e}m aln lbg ;lSbgy]+ . Tof] r]tgf /
bfloTjaf]w eg] ddf lyof] .
cfºgf] 3/nfO{ xf]6]n agfpg] qmddf bfh'l;t uDeL/ 5nkmn u/]+ .

bfh'sf] OR5f lyof], 3/df ;—;fgf ºNof6 l;:6dsf sf]7fx¿ agfP/ axfndf
lbg]] . To;a]nf sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf y'k|} ljBfyL{ / hfuL/bf/x¿ zx/df

ef}tfl/+b} sf]7fx¿ vf]Hg] uy]{ . t/ dnfO{ eg] 3/ axfndf lbg k6Ss} dg
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;f]r
nfu]g . ;aeGbf klxn] t 3/df lbbL—alxgL / elthLx¿ ePsf] x'“bf
aflx/sf cGhfg dflg;x¿ axfndf a:g cfp“bf cº7\of/f] dx;'; x'g'
c:jfefljs lyPg . Tof]eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] 3/af6 ;lhn}
axfn lng] afgL a:of] eg] d, d]/f elthfx¿ / 5f]/fx¿ cN5L eP/ hfg
;S5g\ . pbfx/0fdf d}n] sltko o:tf kl/jf/ b]v]sf] 5' hf] axfnsf] k};fdf
e/ k/]/ lalu|Psf 5g\ . To;a]nf Nxf;faf6 wg sdfP/ cfPsf w]/} g]jf/
;fx'dxfhg tyf gDa/L wgf9\ox¿ 3/ agfO{ axfndf lbg] uy]{ . pgLx¿sf
5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] pBf]uwGbf ug{ vf]Hbf k|f]T;fxg lbg' t stf xf] stf, pN6}
;xof]u;d]t gu/L ;lhnf];“u cfPsf] axfnaf6 3/ vr{ 6fg]{, a}Ídf hDdf
ug]{ uy]{ . sfd gkfPkl5 pgLx¿sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ tf; v]Ng] jf a/flnP/
lx+8\g] g} eP . ;do cfºgf] ultdf cufl8 a9\b} hfg] g} eof] . afa' cfdf
d/]/ uPkl5 a/flnPsf tL s]6fx¿ pBf]udf k|j]z ug{ t vf]h]+, t/ olt
ca]nf e};s]sf] lyof], pgLx¿n] rfx]/ klg cf}Bf]lus o'udf k|j]z ug{ /
r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;s]gg\ . d]/f sltko ;fyLx¿ axfnsf] ;lhnf]
cfDbfgLn] lau|]sf b]v]sf] 5' . To;}n] 3/ axfn lbg] s'/f dnfO{ k6Ss} dg
k/]g .
d Ps lsl;dn] efUodfgL klg 5' . d]/f] d'df / bfh'n] dnfO{ ;w}+

ljZjf; ug'{x'GYof] . 3/sf ;a} kl/jf/sf] ;xdltkZrft\ cfºgf] k'/fgf] 3/nfO{
xf]6]nsf] ¿kdf ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . cfºgf] xf]6]ndf s'g lsl;dsf
ko{6sx¿nfO{ /fVg] eGg] ;f]r d}n] klxn] g} agfO;s]sf] lyP“ . ;+;f/sf
ljleGg 7fp“df k|s[ltd'vL ko{6gsf] :j¿k cfk"mn] cWoog ul/;s]sf] /
g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf af/]df klg cfk"ml;t 1fg ePsf] x'“bf xf]6]ndf
;fxl;s ko{6gnfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ dg;fo lyof] . d}n] slxNo} klg lxKkL
bhf{sf ko{6sx¿ /fVg rflxg . dnfO{ yfxf lyof], lxKkL ko{6gsf] Pslbg
:jfefljs cGTo x'G5 . lsgeg] …lxKkLhd\Ú s[lqd lg/fzfsf] hLjgz}nL xf] .
s]xL ;dosf lgldQ o'/f]k]nL ko{6ssf nflu Tof] hLjgz}nL cgf}7f] lyof] .
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;f]r
pgLx¿n] Tof] z}nL dg k/fP klg t/ ck|fs[lts hLjgz}nLdf cfwfl/t Tof]
ko{6g pBf]u w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd rNg ;Sb}g / l6Sb}g eGg] s'/f dnfO{
stf—stf nfu]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf nflu emf]5]+sf] eljio w]/} 5f]6f] lyof] . emf]5]+sf

;—;fgf k/Dk/fut 3/df e]lg:tfn] 5]saf/ u/]sf sf]7fx¿df nfdsf—nfd
vf6x¿ /fvL ko{6sx¿ ;nfO{sf sf“6L h:t} ;'Tg] uy]{ . emf]5]+af6 lji0f'dtL
embf{ To;a]nf uNnL—uNnLdf ;'+u/' x¿ k|z:t} x'Gy] / uNnLsf] gfp“ g} …lku
PNnLÚ /flvPsf] lyof] . Tof] jftfj/0f s]xL xb;Dd cfºg} lsl;dsf] lyof],
cln /dfOnf] / cln …PShf]l6sÚ . kfZrfTo hLjgz}nLaf6 jfSs eO{ nIoxLg
eO{ ef}tfl/Psf o'jfo'jtLx¿sf nflu Tof] 7fp“ Ps lsl;dn] j/bfg h:t}
eof] . cfºgf] …dgsf] zflGtÚ Wofg / of]usf] ;fwgfaf6 k|fKt ug{ g;s]kl5
uf“hf / efªsf] z/0fdf k'u]sf oL lxKkLx¿ emG8} bz jif{;Dd emf]5]+sf]
jftfj/0fd}} /dfP . x'g t g]kfnsf] ko{6g Oltxf;df lxKkLx¿nfO{ xfdLn]
gsf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{ u5f}{+ . nfdf]—nfdf] skfn, RofltPsf n'ufkmf6f,
h'Q} gnufO{ lx+8\g] clg ;w}+ uf“hf / efªsf] gzfdf 8'la/xg] lxKkLx¿n]
g]kfnL o'js—o'jtLx¿nfO{ klg b'Jo{;gL agfP eGg] cf/f]k klg nfUof]] . t/
ck|ToIf ¿kn] oL lxKkLx¿n] xfd|f o'jsx¿sf] dgdl:tisdf s]xL ;sf/fTds
k|efj klg kf/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnnfO{ s'g}klg ljb]zL /fi6«n] pklgj]z gagfP tfklg ;f/f

g]kfnLsf] dgdf ;]tf] 5fnf jf c+u|]h eg]kl5 æb]jtf h:t} k"Ho x'g\Æ eGg]
e|d lyof] . ;]tf] 5fnfn] h] eGof], Tof] ;xL g} xf]nf eg]/ a'¤y] . t/ ha
c+u|]hsf oL ;Gtfgx¿ emf]5]+sf] uNnL—uNnLdf h'Q} gnufO{ 3'Dg yfn],
dlGb/sf] l;+9L, /]i6'/]06 / ehgdf g]kfnL o'jfl;t 3'nldn x'g yfn], o;}
qmddf c+u|]hx¿sf]] afgL—Jojxf/, rfnrng / sdLsdhf]/L klg g]kfnLx¿n]
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;f]r
a'¤g yfn] . la:tf/} g]kfnL o'jfx¿sf] dgleq n'ls/fv]sf xLgefjgfx¿
x/fp“b} uP / ljb]zLx¿l;t lgw{Ss jftf{nfk ug]{ zlQm a9\b} uof] . lxKkL
eP/ cfPsf sltko ko{6sx¿s} b]g xf], s]xL g]kfnLn] ko{6gl;t ;DalGwt
gof“—gof“ s'/fx¿ l;Sg yfn] . km;L{s]sb]lv :ofp, sfutL / lrhx¿af6
klg cg]s :jfbsf s]ssf kl/sf/x¿ agfpg] ljlw hfg] . ;+;f/sf ljleGg
ef]hgsf kl/sf/x¿ agfpg l;s]+ . o;/L lxKkLx¿n] g]kfnLx¿nfO{

cGt/f{li6«o ko{6gsf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ hu a;fNg l;sfOlbP .
lxKkL eGgf;fy ;w}+ st{Joaf6 knfog ePsf eu'jf ljb]zL o'jf—

o'jtLsf ¿kdf dfq pgLx¿nfO{ x]g'{ plrt x'“b}g . !(^) sf] bzs tfsfsf
o'jf—o'jtLx¿nfO{ …l;lS6h\ ls8\;Ú (Sixty's Kids) eGg] ul/GYof] . of] ;d"xdf
clxn] ;+;f/nfO{ xf“Sg] w]/} g]tf, j}1flgs / a'l4hLjLx¿ kb{5g\\ . lan
SnLG6g, hh{ a';, 6f]gL An]o/, la6N;, /f]ln¨ :6f]G;h:tf cg]s cGt/f{li6«o
JolQmTjx¿n] Ps g Pslbg s]xL xb;Dd lxKkLsf] lhGbuL latfPsf lyP .
slxn]sfxL“ dnfO{ nfU5 …l;lS6h\ ls8\;Ú / ;dsfnLg o'jsx¿sf] t'ngf ubf{
af}l4s Ifdtfdf 7"nf] km/s b]lvG5 . cfWoflTds / j}1flgs o'usf] bf];f“wdf
x's]{sf …l;lS6h\ ls8\;Ú x¿df ljsf;sf] r]tgf / lrGtgsf] k'ghf{u/0f ePsf]
lyof] t/ clxn]sf] sDKo"6/ o'udf x's]{sf gjo'jsx¿sf] ;f]r a9L oflGqs
b]lvG5 . s] eljiodf ;+;f/ d]lzgaf6 clek|]l/t hgzlQmaf6 dfq ;+rfng
ug{ ;lsG5 t < cfk"m klg ;f7Lsf] bzssf] o'js ePsf] x'“bf To;a]nf /
clxn]sf dflg;sf] dl:tis / pgLx¿sf] dgf]j}1flgs Jojxf/af/] ;w}+
sf}t'xn hfu]/ cfp“5 .
lxKkLhd\ To; ;dodf ljsl;t ePsf] lhGbuLsf] Pp6f tTsfnLg

nx/ (cult) lyof] . o:tf nx/x¿ ;do;“u} pTklQ x'G5g\ / ;do;“u} x/fP/
hfG5g\ . o:tf] s[lqd Jojxf/af6 plAhPsf] ko{6g pBf]u cjZo klg w]/}
nfdf] ;do;Dd rNg ;Sb}g . emf]5]+sf] lxKkLhd\df cfwfl/t ko{6g klg
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;f]r
;do;“u} x/fP/ uof] . emf]5]+sf] ko{6g 7d]ndf ;¥of] eGg] s'/f d s'g}
xfntdf klg dfGg ;lSbg . 7d]nsf] ko{6g cfw'lgs ko{6ssf] rfxgf
cg'¿k of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . oxf“ kfZrfTo hLjgsf]
rfxgfnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . t/ emf]5]+df lagfof]hgf ko{6g ljsf; ePsf]
lyof] . ko{6sx¿ s]xL ;dosf nflu gof“ z}nLsf] hLjg latfpg ?rfp“5g\\
t/ s]xL ;dokl5 cfk"m x'ls{Psf] ;+:sf/d} kms{g afWo x'G5g\ . s]xL ;dosf
nflu pgLx¿ ;'s'ndf a:g ?rfp“5g\\ xf]nf . u'Gb|'s – eft vfg klg
dgk/fp“bf xf]nfg\ . xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ cd]l/sf hf“bf ljnfl;tf–;DkGg xf]6]ndf
a;]/ dx¨f] a|]skmf:6, nGr / l8g/ vfPklg s]xL lbgkl5 g} cfºg} bfn,
eft, 8's', u'Gb|'s / d:of}/fsf] ;Demgf cfPe}+m, kfZrfTo hLjgz}nLdf x's]{sf

tL ko{6sx¿nfO{ klg s]xL ;dokl5 cfºg} vfgfsf] ofb cfp“5 . ko{6g
pBf]usf oL jf:tljstfx¿nfO{ xfdLn] Wofg k'¥ofp“g} k5{ . cGoyf ko{6g
pBf]u cw'/f] x'G5 .
;g\ !(^) sf] bzssf] cGTo—cGTo;Dddf lxKkLhd\sf] …sN6Ú

la:tf/} g]kfnaf6 ;':tfp“b} uof] . :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] /fHofleif]stfsfb]lv
lxKkLx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg gug]{ gLlt;d]t lnOof] . g]kfn h:tf] k|fs[lts,
;f“:s[lts, k|frLg, b'n{e, dgf]/d ;Dkbfx¿n] 5tf5'Nn ePsf] b]zdf s[lqd
ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf] s'g} dxTj x'“b}g . b'lgof“df cGoq st} gkfOg], ;+;f/s}
;aeGbf cUnf] lxdfn, ulx/f] uN5L (Canyon), cd"No h}ljs ljljwtf,
cgluGtL b'n{e r/fr'¿ËL g} ko{6snfO{ xfdLn] lbg] pkxf/ x'g\ . oxf“
eujfg uf}td a'4 hGd]sf] kfjg hGd:yn 5, cgluGtL snfs[lt, ;'g— }
;'gsf uh'/x¿n] el/Psf dlGb/x¿ 5g\\ . g]kfnsf] h:tf] e"—agf]6, e"—
;+/rgf jf e"—kl/lw ;+;f/df cGoq sxf“ kfOG5 < o:tf] cb\e"t
uGtJo:yndf k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf c;Lldt cj;/x¿ 5g\\ .
t;y{ dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof], Pslbg g]kfndf o:tf] clgj{rgLo ko{6g pBf]u
cjZo klg k|lti7fk"0f{ eP/ :yflkt x'g]5 .
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;f]r
lxKkL ko{6gsf] ;g\ !(&) sf] bzssf] ;'¿lt/ cGt ePkl5
;fxl;s ko{6g ;'¿ x'g yfNof] . To;sf nflu v'nf:yn / la:tf/ ug{ of]Uo
uGtJox¿sf] cfjZostf lyof] . To;a]nf 7d]nsf] ko{6sLo ljsf; ePsf]
lyPg . kmf“6sf kmf“6 hUuf lyP . ;f“em laxfg :ofn s/fp“y] Toxf“ . sf7df8f}+
u]i6xfp;sf] gfdaf6 7d]ndf xf]6]n ;'¿ ubf{ w]/} ;fyLn] …To:tf] ;'g;fg
7fp“df klg xf]6]n rN5 <Ú egL k|Zg gu/]sf klg xf]Ogg\ . To;a]nf 7d]nsf]
uNnLdf e"t cfp“Yof] eGg] v'a xNnf rn]sf] lyof] . u0f]zdfg l;+xsf]
e"t;“usf] s':tLsf] ljidosf/L avfg x'GYof] .
;f“Rr} Psjif{;Dd t xf]6]n g} rn]g . emf]5]+df sf]7f gkfPsf

clncln lxKkLx¿ sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;df cfpg] uy]{ . Po/kf]6{df ko{6sx¿
ng k7fpbf klg ltg} lxKkLx¿ g} cfpg yfn] . d o;df ;w}+ lrlGtt
/xGy]+ . sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;nfO{ Pp6f :t/Lo xf]6]nsf] ¿kdf ;+rfng ug{

lxKkLx¿ eGbf klg af}l4s ko{6sx¿sf] cfjZostf lyof] . 6fOu/ 6K;sf
tTsfnLg dflns hf]g s'kd]G6, s0f]{n hL=jL= /j6{, dfOs r]gL, aa ºn]ld¨
/ lk:sf]/df sfo{/t rLhs'df/ >]i7, sflGthL, aa k|f]S6/, dfOs /]Sn]g
cflbl;t d]/f] ;Dks{ /x]sf] x'“bf g]kfndf ev{/—ev{/ ;'¿ ePsf] kbofqfdf
cfpg] ko{6sx¿aLr xfdL sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;af/] k|rf/—k|;f/ ug{ yfNof}+ .
;aeGbf klxn] t lk:sf]/ ;+:yfsf ;fyLx¿l;t cd]l/sfaf6 cfpg] …lk;sf]/Ú
x¿nfO{ sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;df /fVg] cg'aGw u/]+ . lk:sf]/sf] clkm; klg
u]i6xfp;sf] xftf;“u} vf]lnof] . o;/L lk:sf]/sf] cfwf/lzlj/ h:t} eof] xfd|f]
xf]6]n . la:tf/} lxdfn r9\g hfg] ;d"x / 6«]lsª\ hfg] ;d"x u]i6xfp;df
cfpg yfn] .
dnfO{ yfxf lyof], Po/kf]6{df wfP/ t“5f8—d5f8 u/]/ ko{6s NofP

klg xf]6]n ;kmntfk"j{s ;+rfng ug{ ;ls+b}g eGg] . 7d]ndf xfdLn] xf]6]n
vf]Nof}+ eg] zfob s]xL ;dosf lglDt PSn} ;+3if{ ug'{k5{ . t/ dnfO{ k"0f{
ljZjf; lyof] ko{6sx¿sf] cfudg / ljsf;sf] e/kbf]{ qmd 7d]ndf 7]nd7]n
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;f]r
u/L cfp“5, cfp“5 . xf]6]n agfp“bf o"/f]k]nL hLjgz}nL ;'xfp“bf cfjZos
;'lawfx¿ — v'nf 7fp“ / /dfOnf] au}+rfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . d cfkm}+ klg
ko{6s eP/ b]z—ljb]z 3'd]/ dgf]/d k|fs[lts :ynx¿sf] e|d0f ul/;s]sf] /
ko{6ssf] hLjg latfO;s]sf] x'“bf ljsl;t d'n'ssf ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfsif{0f
ug{ s] s:tf ;x'lnotx¿sf] cfjZostf x'G5 eGg] 1fg ddf lyof] . ;fy}
jg ljefudf sfd ubf{ ljleGg b"tfjf;, lk;sf]/ / /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf;
sfo{qmddf sfo{/t ljb]zL ;d'bfox¿l;t sfd ul/;s]sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df
xf]6]n rnfpg cfjZos dfs]{l6¨ ug{ ;S5' eGg] b[9 ljZjf; dleq hfu[t
e};s]sf] lyof] .
jf:tjdf sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; ;kmntfk"j{s ;+rfng ePsf]

…Ps]8]ldsÚ Joj:yfkgsf] sf/0fn] x}g, dfgjLo ;b\efjgf / cfºg} 3/df
a;]sf] h:tf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;Sgfn] xf] . dnfO{ nfU5, ko{6g Joj;fo
b'O{ lsl;dn] ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 of t k|z:t k};f nufgL u/]/ k]z]j/
zlQmx¿åf/f kf“rtf/]h:tf xf]6]n ;+rfng ug]{ jf sd k};faf6 dfgjLo
Pj+ 3/fo;L jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L cfTdLotfsf] gftfn] xf]6]n ;+rfng ug]{ .
sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; cfTdLo jftfj/0fn] ;+rfng ePsf] x'“bf PskN6 o;
xf]6]ndf a;]sf u|fxsx¿ kmsL{—kmsL{ cfpg] u5{g\ .
d}n] 7DofPsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] lyof] eg] ha;Dd 7d]nsf]

jftfj/0fnfO{ ko{6g cg's"n agfpg ;ls“b}g, ta;Dd sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;sf]
eljio alnof] x'“b}g . s'g} klg pBf]u Joj;fo / Jofkf/ PsfËL eP/
isolation df ljsl;t x'“b}g . lr/sfn;Ddsf nflu ;dfg'kflts 9Ën] ;a}sf]
;fy lnP/ ljsl;t agfpg' k5{ . sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;sf] eljio bl/nf] kfg{
d}n] 7d]ndf ko{6sLo jftfj/0fsf] ljsf; ug}{k5{ . xfd|f] 3/sf l5d]sL
tTsfnLg ;lrj z]/axfb'/ zfxL x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf b'O— { tLgj6f 3/ lyP .
xfd|f] ;“u}sf] 3/df xf]6]n agfpg d}n] pxf“nfO{ ljgd| cg'/f]w u/]+ . pxf“n]
xf“;]/ eGg'eof], ætkfO{ klg s:tf] zfSohL † c¿ Jofkf/Lx¿ cfºgf]
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;f]r
Joj;fodf k|lt:kwf{ gxf];\ eg]/ c¿nfO{ xtf]T;fxL agfp“5g\\, tkfO{+ t 7Ls
pN6f] s'/f ul//xg' ePsf] 5 .Æ pxf“n] dnfO{ d"v{ eG7fGg'eof] xf]nf . t/, d}n]
t'¿Gtf—t'¿Gt} x'g] xf]Og, b"/ufdL s'/f ;f]lr/x]sf] lyP“ . olb 7d]nnfO{
dxTjk"0f{ uGtJo:yndf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsof] eg] xfdLnfO{ cfºgf] xf]6]nsf]
lgldQ 5'§} k|rf/—k|;f/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf g} kb}{g . t;y{ 7d]ndf ko{6sLo
cfsif{0f a9fpg emf]5]+sf ljleGg /]i6'/]G6x¿, s]s;k, k;njfnfx¿nfO{
7d]ndf klg lj:tf/Ls/0f :yfgfGt/0f ug{ cg'/f]w u/]+ .
xfd|f] xf]6]nsf] Ifdtf t]¥x sf]7faf6 qmdzM a9\b} uof] . xf]6]nsf]

k|rf/ klg a9\b} uof] . bfh'n] klg dfu cg';f/ k'/fgf] 3/nfO{ dd{t u/L
la:tf/ ug'{eof] . To;a]nf xf]6]ndf 7fp“ gk'u]/ zlzgf/fo0f zfx -h;n] s'g}
sf/0fjz >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zs kbaf6 cjsfz lng'ePsf] lyof]_ nfO{
xfd|f] xf]6]nsf] af6f] g} k|of]u ug]{ u/L kvf{n kmf]/]/ pxf“sf] ;“u}sf] 3/nfO{
;d]t xf]6]nsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t u/fpg xf}:ofP“ . o;n] pxf“ / xfdLnfO{ klg
cfly{s ¿kn] w]/} ;xof]u k'Uof] . kl5 zfxhL k'gM ;/sf/L ;]jfdf k;L ko{6g
lgb]{zsaf6 cy{ ;lrj;Dd x'g'eof] . To;a]nf d}n] d]/f] :jfy{sf] lgldQ
pxf“nfO{ xf]6]n agfpg lbPsf] xf]Og . Pp6f ldqsf] x}l;otn] ;xof]u ug{
vf]h]sf] lyP“ . zlzgf/fo0f zfx d]/f] c;fWo} ldNg] ;fyL x'g'x'GYof] .
pxf“ h:tf] OdfGbf/ JolQm g]kfndf sd} kfOG5 . To;a]nf pxf“nfO{ >L % sf]
;/sf/af6 h'g cGofo eof], Tof] d}n] ;xg} ;lsg . d]/f] Pp6f ;fgf]
;xof]uaf6 klg pxf“nfO{ h'g d2t k'Ug ;Sof], To;df d clt g} ;Gt'i6 5' .
5—;ftjif{kl5 g} 7d]n ko{6ssf] s]Gb|laGb' aGb} uof] . clxn] of]

g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ljZjs} Pp6f gfdL ko{6g uGtJo:ynsf ¿kdf
lrlgG5 . Ps lsnf]ld6/ leqsf] e"lddf ko{6sLo ;]jfd"ns xf]6]n, /]i6'/]G6,
k;nx¿ 7d]ndf hlt 5g\\, zfob ;+;f/sf c¿ ko{6g:yndf la/n}
kfOPnfg\ . g]kfnaf/] ljb]zL efiffdf n]lvPsf krxQ/ k|ltzt lstfa,
cWoog / cg';Gwfg kqx¿ 7d]nsf] s'g} g s'g} xf]6]nsf] sf]7fdf g}
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;f]r
n]lvPsf 5g\\ . cd]l/sfsf /fi6«klt :juL{o hf]g s]g]8Lsf 5f]/fb]lv lhdL
sf6{/, la6N;b]lv l/sL dfl6{g / cGo w]/} af}l4s, ;fxl;s ko{6s,
kj{tf/f]xLx¿ 7d]nd} a:g] u5{g\ . jf:tjdf 7d]n af}l4s ko{6sx¿sf] ;d]t
s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 . oyfy{d} of] pknlAw uf}/j / uj{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp;df x]bf{ ;fwf/0f sldh / kfOG6 nufPsf ljlzi6

af}l4s JolQmx¿ cfpg] u5{g\ . pgLx¿l;t ;w}+ ukm;km ug]{, ldqtf a9fpg]
/ pgLx¿nfO{ 3/d} af]nfP/ cfk"mn] vfg] vfgfx¿ v'jfpg] uy]{+ . d}n]
pgLx¿l;t ldqtf uf“:g'sf] sf/0f cs}{ lyof] . cfºgf] xf]6]ndf a;]sfn]
pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ cfpg afWo ug]{ dfq d]/f] p2]Zo lyPg . pgLx¿af6
d}n] w]/} l;Sg' klg lyof] . dgn] gvfPsf] / …efOa]|zgÚ gldNg] dflg;l;t d
kf“r ldg]6eGbf a9L s'/f klg ug{ ;lSbg t/ Psrf]l6 s'/f ubf{ /dfOnf] eof]
eg] Tof] dflg;l;t ldqtf g} uf“:g /x/ nfU5 . xf]6]ndf ;'¿;'¿df d
rf}aL;} 306f ;do latfp“y] . Tof] a]nf d}n] y'k|} JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fyL agfpg
;s]+ . xf]6]ndf a:g cfpg] ljb]zL kfx'gfdWo] w]/} d]/f ldq eP . pgLx¿nfO{
d cfºgf] ;DklQsf ¿kdf lnG5' . clxn] d]/f sltko tL ljb]zL ldqx¿
ljlzi6 JolQm ePsf 5g\\ / pgLx¿sf] Tof] :t/f]Ggltk|lt d uj{ ub{5' .
sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;sf] k|rf/—k|;f/ ug{ oL ;fyLx¿n] w]/} ;xof]u u/]sf
lyP . To;sf] Pp6f 7"nf] cfsif{0f s] xf] eg] Toxf“ Psrf]l6 cfPsf] ko{6s
af/Daf/ cfpg] ub{5 . ko{6sx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ cfsif{0f ug{sf nflu d]/f
ldqx¿n] w]/} ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . Psn] csf{nfO{, csf{n] csf{nfO{ l;kmfl/;
ul/lbPsf] x'gfn] g} xf]6]n olt ;kmn x'g ;Sof] . u]i6xfp;df n]vs,

;+uLtsf/, snfsf/ / ljlzi6 af}l4s JolQmTjx¿sf] hd36 x'g] ePsf]n]
;fdfGo ko{6sx¿ ;d]t Toxf“sf] af}l4s jftfj/0fdf a:g ?rfp“y] . olQdfq
xf]Og, Toxf“ a:g cfpg] sltko o'jf—o'jtLx¿sf] xf]6]ns} au}+rfdf k|]d ;'¿
x'G5, 3/ kms]{/ k|]d—kq cfbfg—k|bfg u5{g\ / kl5 ljjfx ;d]t u/]/ klxn]
xf]6]nsf] h'g sf]7fdf a;]sf] xf], ToxL sf]7fdf xlgd'g;d]t dgfpg cfp“5g\\ .
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;f]r
t]QL; jif{ klxn] u]i6xfp;sf sf]7fx¿sf] b//]6 k|lt lbg b'O{ 8n/
lyof] . clxn] klg ;Demgfsf] nflu b'Oj6f sf]7fx¿sf] b/ b'O{ 8n/ g} /fv]sf]
5' . sxf“af6 cfPsf xfdL clxn] sxf“ 5f}+ eGg] oyfy{ a'‰gsf lgldQ o;f]
ul/Psf] xf] . dflg;n] cfºgf] d"nh/f] la;{g' x'“b}g . hu eg]sf] cfºgf]
lhGbuLsf] k|ult / ljsf; gfKg] cfwf/lznf xf] . o:tf cfwf/lznfn] xfdLnfO{
cfk"mn] cfk}+mnfO{ kms]{/ x]g]{ dGq l;sfp“5g\ . obfsbf cfºgf] ;kmntf jf
k|flKtnfO{ xfdL rf“8} la;{G5f}+ . xfdL sxf“af6 cfPsf] xf}+, Tof] klg la;{G5f}+ .
lxhf] xfdL s] lyof}+, cfh xfdL s] 5f}+, Tof] klg ;Demg rfxGgf}+ . To:tf]
gfnLa]nL jf k"jf{j:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ljBdfg ;Ddfg / k|lti7fdf ¥xf;
cfp“5 eGg] t'R5 ;f]rfO g} xfdL ;Gt'i6 x'g g;Sg] Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f xf]
h:tf] nfU5 . cfºgf] ljutnfO{ OdfGbf/L / lhDd]bf/Lk"0f{ e} kms]{/ x]g{ ghfGbf
xfdL cfk"mnfO{ ;w}+ Kof;Lsf] ¿kdf 56\k6fPsf] kfp“5f}+ . ;w}+ Kof;L, ;w}+
c;Gt'i6 / ;w}+ b'MvL . ;'v / ;Gtf]if eg]sf] x'g] xf]Og lng], cfTd;ft\ ug]{,
cg'e"lt ug]{ ljnIf0f ljifoj:t' xf] eGg] nfU5 dnfO{ .
xf]6]n Dofg]hd]G6 d}n] l;s]sf] ljifo xf]Og . …sdg;]G;Ú sf cfwf/df

hfg]sf] dfq xf] . sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; ;+rfng ug]{ qmddf d}n] s]xL ;fgfltgf
t/ dxTjk"0f{ ;f]rnfO{ pRr dxTjfsf+Iffsf] :j¿k lbPsf] 5' . xf]6]n ;'¿ ubf{
sf]7fsf] ef8f cToGt Go"g lyof] b'Ob]lv clwstd kf“r 8n/;Dd . ljb]zLsf
lgldQ Tof] s]xL klg lyPg . t/ To;a]nf g]kfnsf nhx¿sf] b/ To:t} dfq
lyof] . ;:tf] efpaf6 dx¨f] lrh a]Rg' x'“b}g eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . clt
;:tf] u/L v;Lsf] df;' a]Rof] eg] lsGg] u|fxsn] df;'df g} z+sf ug{ ;S5g\ .
To;}n] efp cg';f/sf] j:t' / ;]jf lbg' k5{ .
xfdLn] sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; ;'¿ ubf{ Pp6f cfºg} lgod agfPsf

lyof}+, xf]6]nsf] s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] u|fxsnfO{ …;/ jf Dof8dÚ geGg] . ko{6s
olb k'/fgf] eof]eg] cfTdLotf:j¿k pgLx¿sf] klxnf] gfp“af6 ;Daf]wg ug]{,
xf]Og eg] ldi6/ kmnfgf eg]/ af]nfpg] . sf]7fdf klg lbglbg} :6fkmn] tGgf
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;f]r
gkm]g]{ jf ga9fg]{ . x/]s sf]7fdf Pp6f ;"rgf 6f“;]sf] x'GYof], æs[kof tkfO{+sf]
sf]7f cfkm}+ ;kmf ug'{xf]nf .Æ ¿dfn tGgf xfp;—lslkäf6 lbg] Joj:yf
u/]sf lyof}+ . olb kfx'gf la/fdL 5 eg] sf]7f ;kmf ug{sf lgldQ :6fkmx¿—
nfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{kYof]{ . klxn] t of] lgod nfu" ug]{ ls gug]{ eg]/ ;f]r]+ .
o;af6 k|lts"n c;/ k5{ ls eg]/ 8/ klg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ k|lt:kwL{
ahf/df slxn]sfxL+ leGg tl/sfn] cfºgf] a|f08nfO{ k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . d]/f]
ljZjf; s] lyof] eg] ko{6sn] ltg]{ b'O{ 8n/ t sf]7fsf] axfn dfq eof] .
Tolt sd k};f lt/]/ d]/f] sd{rf/Lx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fx]a–d]d;fx]a lsg
elg/xg] < cfjZostfeGbf a9L zf]ifsLo efiff lsg k|of]u ug{ lbg] < ko{6g
eg]sf] u|fxs / 3/wgL jf 3/a]6Lsf] Pp6f cr's /;fogzf:q xf] . o;df
u|fxsn] 3/wgLnfO{, clg 3/wgLn] u|fxsnfO{ k/:k/df ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . lsGt'
cgfjZos ;Ddfgn] ko{6g xf]Og, cf}klgj]lzs efjgf k|fb'ef{j x'gyfN5 .
ha d]/f u|fxsn] d]/f] xf]6]nsf sd{rf/LnfO{ OHht lbG5g\\, Tof] OHht dnfO{
lbPh:t} x'G5 . d]/f sd{rf/LnfO{ gf]s/ h:t} Jojxf/ u/] eg] dnfO{ a]OHht
u/]sf] cfef; x'G5 . dgf]j}1flgs b[li6sf]0fn] klg ha s'g} ko{6s Pp6f
cGhfg 7fp“df hf“bf, p;sf] gfp“af6 s;}n] af]nfp“5 eg] Toxf“ cfTdLotf
k|s6 x'G5 . 3/af6 6f9f ePklg 3/s} jftfj/0f kfp“5 p;n] . ko{6gsf]
d"n;"q jf:tjdf oxL xf] .
d}n] Joj:yfkgsf] s'/f hfg]/ oL s'/fx¿ n]lv/fv]sf] xf]Og .

jf:tjdf d g Jofkf/L g} x'“ g t pBdL g} . dnfO{ Pp6f zAbb]lv c;fWo}
3[0ff nfU5, s;}n] dnfO{ …P ;fx'hLÚ eg]sf] t ;xg} ;lSbg, sGr6} tft]/
cfp“5 . t/ kl/aGbn] dnfO{ xf]6]n pBdL agfOlbPsf] 5 . d}n] xf]6]n
rnfp“bf Joj:yfkgsf] lstfjL 1fg cg's/0f ul/g“ . ;w}+ d]/f] cGt/fTdfn] h]
eG5, ToxL ;'g]/ rnfPsf] 5' . zfob ;kmntfsf] d"n sf/0f klg oxL xf]nf .
d}n] xf]6]ndf cfpg] ko{6sx¿l;t s'/f ubf{ slxn] klg k;n] / u|fxssf]
gfkmf gf]S;fgdf cfwfl/t Jojxf/ ul/g“ . slxn]sfxL+ eg] d'v x]b}{df lbSs
nfUg] ko{6sl;t d s'/} ulb{gy] . x“l;nf] d'xf/, /dfOnf] :jefj ePsf
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;f]r
JolQmx¿nfO{ dfq ;fyL agfp“y]+ . To;}n] t dnfO{ nfU5, d Jofkf/L g}
xf]Og . Jofkf/Lsf] kl/efiffcg';f/ h:tf];'s} u|fxsnfO{ klg dfg;Ddfg
ug}{kg]{ / pgLx¿n] grflx“bf] s'/f u/]eg] klg To;df cfklQ ghgfpg] – Tof]
d]/f nflu ;f“Rr} g} d'lZsn lyof] . pgLx¿l;t 5nkmn ubf{ub}{ obfsbf
jfbljjfb klg x'GYof] . jfbljjfbsf] ;Gbe{ cfPkl5 ko{6sx¿ hlt;'s}
wgf9\o ePklg d pgLx¿l;t ba]/ a:g ;lSbgy]+ . d]/f] of] :jefan]
sltk6s d]/f u|fxsx¿ xf]6]n 5f]8]/ aflx/;d]t uPsf 5g\\ . t/ ha s'g}
JolQm dnfO{ cf}wL dgk5{,, To:tfnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:o;/x Jojxf/ uy]{+ .
5nkmn ug]{ qmddf slxn] d pgLx¿Aff6 k|efljt x'Gy]+ eg] slxn] pgLx¿
daf6 .
s;}—s;}n] dnfO{ ;f]W5g\\ æs] tkfO{n] 7d]n olt ljsl;t xf]nf eg]/
;f]Rg'ePsf] lyof] <Æ d}n] cjZo ;f]r]sf] lyP“, …Pslbg cjZo klg 7d]n
Pp6f ko{6sLo s]Gb|laGb' aG5 .Ú t/ of] e"m6f] s'/f x'g]5, olb xfdLn]
g]kfnsf] ko{6g ljsf; ug{sf lglDt sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; vf]n]sf] xf}+ eGof}+
eg] . xfdLn] xfd|f] k]6 kfNgs} lglDt xf]6]n vf]n]sf xf}+ . k};f sdfpgsf
lgldQ vf]Nof}+ . ;f“rf] oxL xf] . t/ o;f] ubf{—ub}{ eujfg\sf] s[kfn] 7d]nsf]
ljsf; ;“u;“u} g]kfndf ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] gof“ cWofo ;'¿ ePsf] 5 eg]
o;sf] >]o xfdLn] dfq kfpg' kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . 7d]nsf] ljsf;df
;f/f 7d]naf;Lsf] b]g 5 .
***
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kl/R5]b—^
:ju{ sxL+ xf]Og oxL+ 5

æef}lts nf]e / df]xaf6 6f9f oxf“sf /}yfg] dflg;x¿ cfw'lgs o'usf P8d
/ Oe g} x'g\ . unt ;f]rfO xf] of], zx/df a;]/ ufp“n]x¿sf] hLjgz}nLnfO{
/ pgLx¿sf] ;'v / ;Gt'li6nfO{ cjd"Nog ug{ vf]Hg' . b'MvL pgLx¿ xf]Ogg\,
xfdL xf}+ . olb d s[lqd ;Eotfsf] ljifaf6 b'Jo{;gL geOlbPsf] eP, Odfgsf
;fy eG5', d d]/f] lhGbuLsf] clGtd If0f;Dd oxL+ a:y]+, /dfp“y]+ / dy]{+ .Æ
xf]6]n Joj;fosf] hu al;;s]kl5 d / d]/f] bfh' b'a} cfºgf]

kfl/jfl/s pBf]u la:tf/ ug{ bQlrQ eof}+ . ToxL qmddf Pp6f xf]6]naf6
csf]{ xf]6]ndf nufgL la:tf/ ub}{uOof]—sf7df8f}+ u]i7xfp;af6 PDj]:8/
xf]6]n, PDj]:8/af6 dfsf]{kf]nf] clg dfsf]{kf]nf] xf]6]naf6 Sna lxdfno . xfd|f]
;+o'Qm kl/jf/df Ps cfk;sf] ljZjf; g} xfd|f] zlQm lyof] / xfd|f] pBf]usf]
ljsf;sf] 7"nf] cfwf/ lyof] . jf:tjdf psfnf] nfUg] 3f]8fsf] nufdnfO{
5f]l8lbg'k5{ . ljsf; ug]{ dfG5]nfO{ s:g' x'“b}g . lhGbuLdf d}n] ;w}+ sfd ug]{
dflg;x¿nfO{ cf“vf lrDn]/ ljZjf; u/]sf] 5', k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5', lsgeg]
pBf]usf] xfQL rnfpg d';fsf] 5ftL lnP/ x'“b}g . z+sf, pkz+sf u/]/ sfddf
afwf c8\rg k'¥ofOof] eg] To;sf] k|ltkmn /fd|f] x'“b}g . t/ Pp6f s'/f
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xfdLn] s] klg a'¤g' k5{ eg], h:fn] ljZjf; u/]/ xfdLnfO{ sfd u/fPsf] 5,
Tof] ljZjf;sf] ;Ddfg klg ug{ hfGg' k5{ / ljZjf;nfO{ slxNo} krfpg' klg
x'“b}g . jf:tjdf sfd t ;a}n] ug{ ;S5 t/ s;}nfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ sfd
u/fpg x[bo ljzfn x'g'k5{ .
ha clnslt k};f hDdf x'GYof], ls t gof“ xf]6]nsf lglDt hUuf

lslgGYof] ls eg] glau|g], gs'lxg] vfnsf O{+6f, 808L h:tf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
lsg]/ yGSofOGYof] . kl5 xf]6]n agfpg] qmddf Hofnf afx]s c¿ ltg'{ gkbf{
w]/} vr{ ePsf] cg'e"lt g} x'“b}gYof] . o:tf] sfdsf lglDt zfob xfdL a'afaf6
clek|]l/t eof}+ xf]nf . h'ga]nf a'afsf] vNtLdf k};f x'GYof], pxf“ hUuf
lslgxfNg' x'GYof] . pxf“n] gf}—bz ;fnlt/ clxn] sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; /x]sf]
hUuf / ejg dfq ;}+tL; xhf/ ¿k}of“df lsGg'ePsf] lyof] . To:t} pxf“n]
nflhDkf6sf] xf]6]n PDa];8/sf] hUuf 5 xhf/df lsGg'eof] . ;q jif{
klxn]b]lv clncln ub}{ xfdLn] a'9fgLns07sf] hUuf ;Q/L—c;L xhf/ ¿k}of“
k|lt/f]kgLsf b/n] lsg]+ . clxn] Toxf“ k|lt/f]kgL tL; nfv;Dd k5{ /] .
sltko pBdLx¿n] Pp6f pBf]u ;~rfng u/]/ To;}df ;Gt'i6 eO{ c¿ yk
nufgL ug{ rfx]gg\ t/ xfdLn] cfºgf] ;Lk, ;fdYo{ / k"“hL oxL+ nufgL u5f}+{ /
;w}+ xf]6]n pBf]udf dfq cfk"mnfO{ ;dlk{t u5f}{+, To;}nfO{{ la:tf/ u5f}{+ .
To;}af6 clnslt OHht klg sdfOof] .
pBf]udf cfk"mnfO{ hlt Jo:t agfP tfklg d]/f] k|s[ltsf] /;f:jfbg

ug]{ tntn rflx+ k6Ss} 36]g . cfºgf] OR5f / ;f]vnfO{ kl/Tofu u/]/
k};fdfq sdfpg d sbflk ;lSbg“ . haha d lbSs x'G5' / ha dnfO{
Ps;'/] lhGbuLn] jfSs agfp“5, tata d k|s[ltsf] ;+;f/lt/ efuL xfN5' .
slxn] PSn} t slxn] ldNg] ;fyL lnP/ . slxn] 3/df yfxf lbP/ t slxn]
s;}nfO{ yfxf g} glbO{ . cfºgf] ;f]v / Jofkf/nfO{ ;Gt'ng ug{ d}n] Pp6f
lgtfGt JolQmut sfo{gLlt agfPsf] 5' . c;L k|ltzt hlt ;do cfºgf]
pBf]udf nufpg] clg af“sL aL; k|ltzt ;do cfk"mnfO{ dgk/]sf] ;+/If0f
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ultljlw jf ;dfh;]jfsf] If]qdf nufpg] . oxL gLltcg'¿k aLr—aLrdf d
;w}+ h¨n 3'Dg hfG5' . zfob k]6 el/Pkl5 dgsf] ef]s klg a9\g] /x]5 .
dgsf] ef]s a9]kl5 :jtM ;f]r klg a9\bf] /x]5 .
;f]rsf] ;+hLjgL k|s[ltsf] sfvdf kfOG5 . a'4n] 1fg ?vd'lg k|fKt

u/] . eG5g\, eujfg\ lzjsf] jf;:yfg lxdfnL kj{tdf 5 . ltg} kj{t
>[+vnfx¿df cg]s Clif, dxlif{n] ;fwgf u/L, Wofgdf nLg eO{, w'gL hufP/
j]bb]lv dxfsfJox¿;Dd /rgf u/] . ;dsfnLg 7"N7"nf bfz{lgs / sljx¿

klg k|]/0ff / hfu/0fsf lglDt k|s[lts} vf]+r—vf]+rdf hfg] u/]sf] Oltxf;} 5 .
x'g t d s'g} bfz{lgs xf]Og, g t slj g} x'“ t}klg dnfO{ k|s[ltdf x/fpg
dg k5{ . k|s[ltsf] gflna]nLdf, PsfGtdf a:g dg nfU5 . haha d}n] df}sf
kfP“, b'u{d If]qx¿df 3'Dg] wf]sf] d}n] 5f]l8g . clxn] t eGg ;lsGg, t/
cfheGbf aL;—kRrL; jif{ klxn];Ddsf d]/f e|d0fsf cf“s8faf6 zfob
;aeGbf a9L k}bn e|d0f ug]{ jgclws[t d g} lyP“ x'“nf . 8f= xs{ u'?¨
eGg'x'G5, æsf7df8f}+sf] g]jf/ eP/ jgh¨n 3'Dg] /x/ s0f{df s;/L cfof] <Æ
of] lstfjsf] p2]Zo dgdf]xs e|d0fsf] j[tfGt (Travelogue) n]Vg]

xf]Og, e|d0fdf cfwfl/t ;sf/fTds kIfsf s'/fx¿nfO{ dfq pNn]v ug]{ xf] .
t;y{ oxf“ d]/f e|d0fx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ a]nLla:tf/ gul/sg ofqfdf ;“ufn]sf
cToGt dd{:kzL{ cg'ejx¿dfq pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' . s]xL ;do cufl8
lxdfn va/klqsfsf k|sfzs sgsdl0f bLlIftn] dnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g u/L
æPs;o krf; zAbeGbf ga9fO{ tkfO{nfO{ ;aeGbf a9L dg k/]sf] 7fp“sf]
af/]df n]v]/ k7fpg' xf]nfÆ eGg'eof] . @)^) ;fnsf] IftljIft /fhgLlts
kl/b[ZokZrft\ gof“ ;sf/fTds ;f]raf6 @)^! ;fnsf] :jfut ug]{ sgssf]
ljrf/ dnfO{ c;fWo} dgk¥of] / 6]lnkmf]gsf] l/l;e/ /fVgf;fy d}n] d]/f]
8f]Nkf ofqfsf dg5'g] s]xL :d/0f n]vL k7fP“ . kl5 lxdfnsf ;Dkfbs
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/fh]Gb| bfxfnn] d]/f] n]v k9]/ æSof xf] s0f{hL † tkfO{+ klg ;flxTosf/
x'g'eP5 lg †Æ eGb} kmf]g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ v'zL nfUof] To;a]nf .
;fxl;s ofqfdf ;f]v /fVg] JolQmsf] x}l;otn] n]Vg] s'/f t w]/}

5g\\ . ;+;f/sf ;ftj6f dxfåLkx¿dWo] 5 j6fdf k'lu;s]sf] 5', Tof] klg
cToGt dgdf]xs k|fs[lts :ynx¿df . t/ olb :ju{sf] vf]hL ug]{ xf] eg]
Tof] cGt sxL+ xf]Og, d}n] g]kfnd} kfPsf] 5' . xfd|f tL :ju{df hfgsf nflu
xjfO{hxfhaf6 p8]/ xf]Og, lx+8]/ g} k'Ug'k5{— Tof] klg kl;gf sf9]/, ef]sn]
r"/ eO{ nvt/fg eP/ . d]/f] lhGbuLsf] ;aeGbf dgf]/d ofqf 8f]Nkfsf]
lyof] . ;g\ !(^( df ;'lnu8 gbLsf] Psgf;] u8\u8fx6 cfjfh;“u} d gbLsf]
tL/}—tL/ ltGh]b]lv kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] vf]+r;Dd psfnf] nfu]+ . 7"N7"nf
r§fgdf ah|+b} au]sf] gbLsf wf/af6 l;lh{t ;]tfDo lk“mhx¿ 3gf b]jbf/sf
h¨nsf] aLraf6 ljzfnsfo Pp6f ;]tf] gfu g} tn cf]ln{/x]sf] h:tf] efg
x'GYof] . ha d gbLsf] d'xfgdf k'u]+, kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] kf“r;o lkm6sf]
prfOaf6 eLdsfo emgf{ s/f]8f}+ d'/L kfgL af]sL ;'lnu8sf] vf]+rdf eml//x]sf]
lyof] . x:ofª—km:ofª ub}{ psfnf] r9]/ Pp6f 7"nf] r§fgsf] cf]tdf a;]+ .
kfgLsf] afkmaf6 lgl:sPsf ;]tf xNsf afbnx¿ ;Nnf / w"kLsf]] h¨naf6
ha dfly p7\5g\\, clg kfgLsf s0f—s0fdf ha ;"o{sf] ls/0fn] OGb|wg'if
l;h{gf u5{, Toxf“ cK;/f / k/Lx¿sf] af;:yfgsf] cfef; x'G5 . s:tf] uha,
of] eGbf cl3;Dd O{Gb|3g'if x]g{ cfsfz dfly x]g'{ kYof]{, cfh 6fpsf] lgx'l/P/
kxf8sf] l9:sf]af6 vf]hd'lg O{Gb|wg'ifnfO{ cs}{ :j¿kaf6 b]lv/x]sf] 5' . wLt
gd?~h];Dd Tof] k|s[ltsf] cnf}lss b[Zo x]l//x]+ . em/gfsf wf/x¿sf] aLr—
aLraf6 xhf/f}+ lxdfnL hftsf k/]jfx¿ (Rock pigeon) sfjf vfO{ v]ln/x“bf
p8\g] sf]0f kl/jt{g x'gf;fy pgLx¿sf] lxp“ h:tf] ;]tf] kv]6fn] ;Dk"0f{
b[ZonfO{ c¿ /f]df~rs agfOlbGYof] .
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kmf]S;'G8f] tfnaf6 l;lh{t g]kfnsf] of] ;aeGbf cUnf] em/gfaf6 ha
c/af}—+ ca{ ln6/ kfgL v:5 / r§fgdf alh|G5, d'6' g} sf“Kg] vfnsf] 8/nfUbf]
lg/Gt/ …Wjf/f/f/fÚ u'Gh]sf] cfjfhn] k|s[ltsf] Pp6f ljzfn t/ cb[Zo
b}jLzlQmsf] k|bz{g u5{ . o'ufGt/b]lv eml//fv]sf] Tof] c;Lldt kfgLsf]
c;fwf/0f d"nwf/ x]bf{ xfd|f k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿ slt v]/ uO/x]5g\\ eGg] Pp6f
lrlGtt ;f]rn] d]/f] dgnfO{ lr;f] kf¥of] . of] ckf/ hnzlQmsf] s]xL k|ltzt
pmhf{dfq xfd|f] b]zsf] lxtsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;s]sf] eP b]zsf] eljio
s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf < t/ s] ug]{, g]kfndf rflxg]eGbf a9L hflgkmsf/x¿
5g\\ . ;fgf]—7"nf] hnljB't of]hgfsf] jfbljjfb ub}{ ;/sf/nfO{ k+u'
agfpgdf g} ;do latfof}+ xfdLn] . e'6fg cfºgf] d'n'saf6 alx/L d'n'sdf
hfg] ToxL kfgL a]r]/ cfk"mnfO{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} Pp6f ;d[4 b]z agfpg
;kmn ePsf] 5 . g xfdLn] cfk"mn] ug{ ;Sof}+, g t c¿dfk{mt g} u/fpg
;Sof}+ . cfºgf] b]zsf] csd{0o l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ ub}{ cgfof; Pp6f g}/fZo
af]s]/ d cufl8 nfu]+ .
kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] lsgf/}—lsgf/, r§fg}—r§fgleq af“;sf 7'6fx¿

3';f/L agfPsf 8/nfUbf ku8G8Ldf v'§fn] 5fDb}, 6]Sb} sf“lGh/f]jf lxdfnsf
z[ªvnfnfO{ kG5fP/ tfn kf/ ub}{ d 8f]Nkfsf] leqL efudf k:g] tv{/df
nfu+] . Tof] tfn slt ulx/f] 5, yfxf 5}g t/ tfnsf] lgZrn kfgL ;do
cg';f/dfq xf]Og, 7fp“ cg';f/ klg /ª k]ml//xG5 . ;f“u'/f] kxf8L vf+]raf6
xfdL ha leqL 8f]Nkf k'U5f}+, cfODofS; (IMAX) sf] 7"nf] kbf{df x]/]h:t}
cf“v}n] gEofpg] ;Dk"0f{ lIflth xl/of] ¤ofp / 3f“;n] 9fs]sf] kfOG5 . Toxf“
s'g} ?v lyPgg\ . nfvf}+nfv /ftf, gLnf, kx]+nf lk|d'nf, j6/sk, cfgLdf]g
hftsf /¨Lg km"nx¿ sfk]{6df ;hfPe}+m 3f“;dfly 9sdSs k'mn]sf lyP .
e'O{+df 6]Sbf nrsnrs ug]{ afSnf] 3f“;leq v'§f g} r'n'{Dd ufl8GYof] . ha
k}tfnfn] hldgdf :kz{ uYof]{, v'§fb]lv dl:tis;Dd zLtntfsf] cj0f{gLo
t/¨n] 5'GYof] . sf];f}— + sf];;Dd s'g} ufp“ gb]lvg], dflg; dfqsf]
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sf]nfxnaf6 clt 6f9f, :jR5, s~rg / gLnfDa/d'lg ;'g;fg k|s[ltsf]
cnf}lss au}+rfdf PSn} nDk;f/ k/]/ klN6+bf of] ;f/f ;+;f/ d]/}dfq xf] ls
h:tf] cfef; x'GYof] .
8f]Nkf]sf] Tof] PSnf]kgdf kx]+nf] r'Rrf] ePsf lxdfnL sfu /

lrnx¿sf] cfjfhn] lgZrn k|s[ltnfO{ hLjGt agfp“5g\\ . dvdn h:tf]
g/d kf“r—5 O~rL afSnf] ¤ofp / 3f“;df ;'tL 6fpsf]nfO{ bfof“—af“of
xNnfP/ b[Zofjnf]sg ubf{ cf“vfsf] ;txaf6 ;Dk"0f{ lIflth g} /¨Lg k"mnsf]
dxf;fu/ h:tf] b]lvG5 . :jlKgn :ju{ klg of]eGbf ;To / ;'Gb/ x'g} ;Sb}g .
ef}lts nf]e / df]xaf6 6f9f oxf“sf /}yfg] dflg;x¿ jf:tjdf cfw'lgs
o'usf P8d / Oe g} x'g\ . unt ;f]rfO xf] of], zx/df a;]/ pgLx¿sf]
hLjgz}nL, ;'v / ;Gt'li6nfO{ cjd"Nog ug{ vf]Hg' . b'MvL pgLx¿ xf]Ogg\,
xfdL xf}+ . olb d s[lqd ;Eotfsf] ljifaf6 b'Jo{;gL geOlbPsf] eP, Odfgsf
;fy eG5' d d]/f] lhGbuLsf] clGtd If0f;Dd oxL+ a:y]+, /dfp“y]+ / dy]{+ . tL
If]qsf] jf:tljstfaf6 d olt cfNxflbt / efj's x'gk'U5' hxf“ d ToxL s'/f]
bf]xf]l/O/x]sf] yfx} kfpGg . 8f]Nkfsf] e|d0f d]/f] lhGbuLsf] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{
ofqf lyof] . o;af/] d}n] c+u|]hL efiffdf 8f]Nkf] -Dolpo_ gfdn] Pp6f l;¨}
lstfj n]v]sf] lyP“ . Tof] lstfjsf] cGtdf d}n] Pp6f sljtf klg n]v]sf] lyP“
. of] sljtfn] d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ 8f]Nkf ofqfsf] ;f/f+z atfp“5 .
Away from you,
I escaped to the land of solitude.
Crossing hundred of miles, walking up and down,
Fatigued, exhausted, but relieved and ecstatic,
Somewhere in the great barrier of the Himalayas
Beyond the inhabitable world,
I opened the door to Heaven.
And there abounds
Shining silver and black diamond,
With much delicate living gold
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And multicoloured gems sparkle all around.
Every inch of this Heaven is carpeted green and soft
Ambrosia from the lake of turquoise enhances all with eternity.
All these treasures belong to

The gliding golden eagle,
The snowy king of the cats,
The restless mouse hare,
And innocent wild sheep,
Their abode and wealth are secured and protected.
I traveled to this mystic world

With the children of the mountains.
Sufficed my inner being to behold-enchantment
I saw God and talked with the angels.
So much love they have for this land;
They are reincarnated here over and over.
I heard the call of the wilderness in the avalanches,

The shrill song of the dipper in the cascades,
The mewing of the wild sheep and yelp of the chough
All these sounds of different vibrants
Symphonize there the hymns divine,
Which rolls along the buttress of the mountains.
Very soon the devil called me back

The angels disappeared
The children of the mountains returned,
The rolling paradise broke
Dark clouds closed the eternal roof of the world
I came back to you, to share the life of grief, anger and dissatisfaction.
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o;f] x]bf{ d w]/} efj's b]lvG5' . ;f“Rr} efj's 5' d . Pstfsf
lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h ;j]{If0f ug]{ qmddf gf/fo0fL gbLsf] tL/}tL/ 3'Dg
uPsf] lyP“ . gbLsf] tL/df rv]jfx¿ k|z:t x'Gy] . To;a]nf d klg
;fgf]ltgf] l;sf/ uy]{+ . lbp“;f] c;fWo} udL{ x'g]x'“bf xfdL laxfg}b]lv ;j]{If0fsf]
sfd ;'¿ uYof}{+ . ;fgf] sf7sf] 8'¨f (Canoe) df a;L gf/fo0fL gbLsf] e]ndf
la:tf/} au]/ hf“bf gbLsf] ;txaf6 b]lvg] kfgLsf] jfkm ha la:tf/} dfly
p8\5, s'lx/f] nfu]sf] h:tf] Tof] b[Zo :jKg ;+;f/h:t} clt /f]df~rsf/L
b]lvG5 . laxfgsf] s'lx/f]sf sf/0f w]/} 6f9f b]Vg ;ls+b}g t/ rv]jfsf]
nf]enfUbf] s'/s'/—s'/s'/ cfjfh 6f9}af6 ;'lgGYof] . 8'¨f la:tf/} gbLsf]
e]ndf alu/x]sf] lyof] . cs:dft\ gbLsf] Pp6f 7"nf] 9'Ëfdf d]/f] 8'¨f
c8\lsof] . c8\s]sf] 8'¨f ws]Ng dfemL tn s] cf]n{g nfu]sf] lyof], d}n]
dfemLnfO{ t'?Gt /f]s]+ . d]/f cf“vf Ps hf]8L rv]jfdfly k/] . tL k|F0fL a8f]
cfsif{s / nf]enfUbf lyP . d]/f] dgdf PSsfl; kfk hfUof], rv]jfsf] df;'
vfg] nf]en] . la:tf/} d]/f] aGb'sn] rv]jfnfO{ tfSof] . rv]jfsf efn]kf]yL
lgeL{s jftfj/0fdf lgw{Ss;Fy 9'Ë]au/df /dfO{ zfob cfk;df dfofk|Llt
;fl6/x]sf lyP, cfºg} efiffdf k|]dfnfkdf dUg / d:t lyP pgLx¿ .
lgi7'/ dg'jfnfO{ tL k|f0fLsf] To:tf] pQ]lht If0fsf], efjgfdo

cj:yfsf] g};lu{s dxTj / dlxdf s] yfxf < d]/f] aGb'ssf] 7Ls lgzfgfdf
rv]jfsf] efn] cfO;s]sf] lyof] . dgdf cg]s s'/f p7], rv]jfnfO{ dfg]{ ls
gdfg]{ < dgsf] kfknfO{ d}n] c+s'z nufpg ;lsg“ . aGb'ssf] 3f]8fdf k/]sf]
d]/f] rf]/ cf}+nf c;fWo} lrnfpg nfUof] . 3f]8f lyRg] ls glyRg] eGg] lg0f{o
lng ;ls/x]sf] lyOg . cgfof;} d]/f] rf]/ cf}+nfn] 3f]8f lylrxfNof], 5':;
cfjfh cfpgf;fy ptf Pp6f rv]jf 9lnxfNof] . uf]nL kv]6flg/ nfu]sf] x'“bf
e't'Ss dg{ klg ;s]g . zfob kf]yL rv]jf xf]nL, efn]sf] kv]6fleq cfºgf]
6fpsf] 3';fl//fv]sL lyO{ . rv]jfn] cfºgf] kf/fn] DjfO{ vfO/fv]sf] xf] jf
…rf“8} p8]/ hfpm, x}g eg] of] dflg;n] xfdLnfO{ vfG5Ú elg/fv]sf]] xf], d}n]
100
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;f]r
7Dofpg ;lsg . efn] rv]jf uf]nL nfu]sf] kv]6f l3;fb}{ gbLsf] kfgLdf hfg
vf]Hof] . Psl5g kl5 kf]yL rv]jf p8\b} Sjf“—Sjf“ ub}{, efn]sf] rf/}lt/ 3'Db}
lj5f]8sf] c;x\o kL8fn] s/fpg yfnL] . yfxf lyPg, kf]yLn] klg slxn]
cfºgf] k|f0f kv]¿ TofUg] xf] . Tof] sf¿l0fs b[Zo b]v]kl5 d]/f] dgdf
kZrfQfk / kL8fn] ;tfO/x\of] . To;kl5 d}n] l;sf/ gug]{ lg0f{o u/]+ /
sf7df8f}+ kms{gf;fy aGb"s a]lrxfn]+ .
s[lqd ;Eotfdf x's]{sf] dh:tf] JolQmnfO{ jf:tjdf k|s[ltsf]

;+/rgfn] w]/} lrGtgzLn agfOlbPsf] 5 . cGbfhL ;QfO; jif{ klxn] d
cfw'lgs ;Eotfaf6 w]/} 6f9f hgsk'/ c~rnsf] clt b'u{d nfdau/sf]
Pp6f cgsG6f/ ufp“df k'u]sf] lyP“ . nfdau/ ltAat / g]kfnsf] ;LdfGt
If]qdf k5{ / ef]6]sf]zL ToxL+af6 aU5 . h¨nL hLjhGt' x]g{ hfg] qmddf xfdL
Pp6f o:tf] :yfgdf k'Uof}+ h:sf] e"—agf]6df 7"N7"nf r§fgx¿n] ljnIf0f
sflnu8L ptf/]sf] efg x'GYof] . o'uf}+b]lv tL r§fgnfO{ leq—leq ef]6]sf]zLsf]
tLa| wf/n] sf6]/, dfx'/Lsf] 3f/ / rfsf h:t} agfO;s]sf] 5 . ;}of}+ lkm6 tn
ef]6]sf]zL au]sf] 5, gbLsf] cfjfh r§fgsf] vf]+r—vf]+raf6 dfly k|ltWjlgt
ePsf] ;'lgG5 . t/ kfgLsf] eg] gfdf]lg;fg g} b]lv+b}g . kfgL t/n ePklg
r§fg h:tf] cToGt zlQmzfnL / s8f a:t'nfO{ s;/L l5ofl5of kfg{
;S5 < To;}n] zlQmzfnL / s8f eP/ xf]Og, lg/Gt/ k|of;n] dfq sfd ug{
;lsG5 eGg] k|df0f of] kfgL / 9'¨fsf] cfTdsyfn] :ki6;“u k|dfl0ft ul//x]sf]
5.
nfdau/sf] s]xL b"/Ldf Pp6f uhasf] 7f8f] kxf8 /x]5 h;sf] gfd
g} s's'/ /fhfsf] eL/ . of] gfp“sf] k5fl8 s] ls+jbGtL /x]5, d}n] hfGg
vf]lhg . t/ Tof] 7f8f] eL/df d}n] klxn] gb]v]sf …lxdfnog yf/Ú hftsf
h¨nL e]+8fx¿ x"nsf x"n b]v]+ . To:tf] 7f8f] eL/df s;/L hgfj/x¿ r9\g
;s], crDd} nfU5 . Pstfsf d]/f Ps ;xsdL{ hh{ :ofn;{ nfdau/df a;]/
101
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;f]r
ToxL …s's'/ /fhfsf] eL/dfÚ …lxdfnog yf/Ú nfO{ b"/lagaf6 x]l//fv]sf lyP .
tLg—rf/ lbg;Dd Pp6f ljb]zLn] b"/lagn] g]kfn / rLgsf] ;Ldf If]q
x]l//fv]sf] va/ ;'g]kl5 hf;'; eG7fg]/ pgnfO{ ;dfltof] . jf:tjdf :ofn;{
ljZjs} gfd"b ;+/If0fljb\df ulgG5g\\ . pgn] uf]l/Nnfb]lv af3, lxdlrt'jfb]lv
kfG8f;Ddsf] lj:t[t cWoog ul/;s]sf lyP . ;g\ @))) df pgnfO{
Go"hljs klqsfn] …Dofg ckm b ;]~r'/LÚ sf] pkflw lbPsf] lyof] . xf]6]n
pBf]udf nfu]/ cfk"mn] ljZjsf To:tf JolQmTjx¿l;t sfd ug{ / ;fyL
agfpg kfPsf]df dnfO{ slxn]sfxL+ uj{ x'G5 .
3tnfUbf :ynx¿sf] e|d0f ug]{ qmddf nfs]{ef]6sf] Pp6f hfgsf/L

klg :d/0fof]Uo 5 . dWojiff{ofddf uf]/vfaf6 af/kfs\ / nfk|fs\ x'“b} l;:g]
lxdfnsf] k]mbL—k]mbLaf6 xfdL clt b'u{d lxdfnL If]q nfs]{ef]6 k'Uof}+ . Toxf“
Pp6f clt k'/fgf] ufp“ ;fdfufp“df cToGt ;/n :jefjsf / ;w}+ xf“l;/xg]
ltAatL d"nsf cflbjf;Lx¿ lyP . dg;'gsf] afbnnfO{ lxdfnn] 5]ls/fv]sf]
x'“bf Tof] 7fp“df sd} kfgL kg]{ /x]5 . Toxf“ k'Ug'eGbf klxn] 5—;ft
lbg;Ddsf] jiff{n] k"/} z/L/ ?e]msf] lyof] / af6f]el/ leh]sf] v'§fdf l;:gf]n]
kf]Nbfkf]Nbf kf]n]s} cg'ej x'g 5f]8]sf] lyof] . Toqf] af6f] lx+8]/ cfPkl5
nfs]{ef]6sf] Gofgf] 3fdsf] e'mNsfdf lbg latfpg kfp“bf xfdL Psbd}
pNnl;t ag]sf lyof}+ . ;fdfufp“af6 cln 6f9f Pp6f rf}/df xfdLn] kfn
6f“uL af; a:g] tv{/ u¥of}+ . Tof] 7fp“sf] hdLgd'lg k|z:t Kjfnx¿ /x]5g\,
xfdLnfO{ tL s]sf Kjfn x'g\ eGg] yfxf g} ePg . ;f“emlt/ t x/]s Kjfnaf6
v/fof]eGbf cln 7"nf] t/ v/fof] h:t} b]lvg] v}/f] /ªsf] ºof“ (Marmot) eGg]
e'O“ hgfj/x¿ b]lvP . Pp6f Kjfnaf6 csf]{ Kjfndf bf}8]/ k:g], Kjfnleq
k:g'cufl8 6Ss pleP/ xfdLnfO{ x]l//xg] . Tof] b[Zo pQ/fv08sf] lxd6fk'df
b]lvg] k]Guj]gx¿sf] rnv]neGbf sd /f]df~rsf/L lyPg . olt ;fgf]
d'n'sdf olt w]/} h}ljs ljljwtf † s] ug'{, xfdLn] cfºgf b'n{e ;Dkbfx¿nfO{
lrGg} ;s]gf}+ . xfd|f c“Wof/f 9's'6Ldf s]—s:tf cfZro{hgs j:t' / rLhx¿
5g\\ eg]/ xfdLn] 6'sL afn]/ slxNo} x]/]gf}+ .
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;f]r
nfs]{af6 kmls{g] qmddf xfdL huft eGg] 7fp“df af; a:of}+ . Toxf“
a'¤bf huft dfly Pp6f cgf}7f] tfn /x]5, h;sf] gfp“ lyof] sfnf]r'dg
tfn . Tof] tfndf ljb]zLx¿nfO{ hfg lbOb}gYof] . lsgeg] Tof] tfn ckljq
eof]eg] tfn k'm6]/ af9L cfpg ;S5 /] . ;f] tfnaf/] cg]s ls+abGtL /
bGTosyf ;'g]kl5 dnfO{ klg Toxf“ hfg] /x/ hfUof] / uP“ klg . nuftf/ ;f9]
b'O{ 306fsf] psfnf] nfu]kl5 dfly 8f“8fdf Pp6f lgd{n kfgLsf] 7"nf] kf]v/L
/x]5 . kf]v/Ld'lg sfnf] df6f] ePsf] x'“bf kfgL cToGt lgd{n ePklg ;txaf6
x]bf{ sfn} b]lvGYof] . tfnsf] rf/}lt/ …af/a]6gÚ eGg] ;]tf] hftsf u'/f“;sf
?v 6Dd} lyP . u'/f“;sf] k"mnleq bf¥xL h:t} /]zf x'g] x'“bf o;nfO{ bf¥xLjfn
u'/f“; (Rododendron barbetum) klg elgG5 . ?v Tolt cUnf 5}gg\ t/
ltgsf xf“uf—la“uf olt afSnf lyP hxf“ dflg;x¿ :jtGq ¿kn] lx8\8'n ug{
;Sb}gy] . zfob ToxL sf/0fn] Tof] 7fp“ s:t'/L d[usf] ;'/lIft jf;:yfg aGg
k'Uof] . d}n] ;Dk"0f{ tfnsf] k]m/f] dfg{ vf]h]+ t/ u'/f“;sf] 3gf h¨nsf sf/0f
k]m/f] dfg{ eg] ;lsg“ . hxf“ uPklg s:t'/L d[us} a8\sf}nfn] 6Dd 9fs]sf] x'“bf
;f/f jftfj/0f g} s:t'/Lsf] af;n] dudufO/fv]sf] lyof] . Toxf“ lx+8\bf—lx+8\b}
;d"xsf—;d"x ;]tf] kv]6fdf /ftf] l5/la/] Kjf“v ePsf 8f“k]m (Blood Phesant)
klg b]Vg] ;f}efUo ldNof] . l;:g] lxdfnsf s~rg 6fs'/f, lgZrn / :jR5
tfnsf] kfgL, rf/}lt/ ;]tf] u'/f“; clg ;Dk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf s:t'/Lsf] af; –
Tof] 7fp“ / Tof] If0f ha d]/f] dfg;k6ndf cfp“5, cgfof;} clxn] klg d]/f]
gfsdf s:t'/Lsf] af:gf cfpg yfN5 . uha /x]5, ;f]r PslrQ / Psfu|
eof]eg] ef}lts ¿kaf6;d]t kl/jt{gsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . x'g t d]/f]
lhGbuLdf o:tf clj:d/0fLo 36gfx¿ w]/} 5g\ . t/ ca k]ml/ d To:tf
;fxl;s ofqfx¿ ug{ ;S5'—;lSbg, eGg ;lSbg . zfob clxn] t z/L/n]
klg lb+b}g xf]nf . t/ hxf“—hxf“ d hfg ;S5' Toxf“ hfg] df}sf rflx+ 5f]8\g]
u/]sf] 5}g . olb lx+8]/ ;lsg“ eg] ca u'8]/ jf p8]/ ePklg hfG5' . t/
lx+8]/ / p8]/ hfg'df w]/} w]/} cGt/ 5 . ;'vsf] cg'ej ug{ b'Mv ;xg} k5{
lsgeg] ;'v ;lhn} kfOg] a:t' xf]Og .
103
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;f]r
;g\ !(&) df hfuL/ 5f]8]kl5 w]/} 6f9f cgsG6f/ Pj+ b'u{d If]qdf
hfg cln uf¥xf] eof] . ;dosf] cefj, b}lgs hLjgsf] Jo:ttf / cln a9L
zf/Ll/s r'gf}tLn] ubf{ klg klxn] h:tf] 3'd3fd ug{ ;+ej ePg . t/
cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] eg] dnfO{ af/Daf/ tflg/x]s} 5 . zfob
cGgk"0f{ If]q e|d0f ug{ 8f]Nkf, d':tfª h:tf] uf¥xf] gePsf]n] xf]nf d slxn]
3fGb|'s;Dd, slxn] nfGb|'s;Dd t slxn]sfxL+ ;don] ;fy lbof] eg]

df5fk'R5]«sf] km]bL / cGgk"0f{ cfwf/ lzlj/;Dd k'Ug] uy]{+ . k'm;{b kfpgf;fy
s'lbxfNy]+ .
d}n] emG8} t]QL; jif{cl3 klxnf]kN6 cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] e|d0f u/]sf]

lyP“ . To;a]nfb]lv g} Tof] If]q dnfO{ clt dg k/]sf] xf] . /dfOnf ufp“ 5g\,
km/flsnf / ;'Gb/ af6}af6f] lx+8]/ hfg ;lsG5 . gf} 8f“8fsf] df]6/ ;8s
aGg'cl3 ;'Ov]tb]lv b'Oj6f af6f] eP/ cGgk"0f{ cfwf/lzlj/ hfg ;lsGYof] .
Pp6f gf}+ 8f“8fsf] af6f] / csf]{ wDk'm;sf] af6f] . x'g t b'a} af6f] 3fGb|'s
ufp“df ldNg cfp“5g\ . 3fGb'|saf6 eg] cGgk"0f{ a];SofDk hfg Pp6f l;jfo
csf]{ af6f] 5}g . wDk'm;af6 hf“bf w]/} h¨n ePsf] x'“bf xfdLn] ToxL af6f]af6
ofqf ;'¿ u¥of}+ . ;'Ov]taf6 wDk'm; ufp“;Dd k'Ug cGbfhL b'O{ 306fsf],
s6';sf] h¨nleq cNdlng] 7f8f], psfnf] uf]/]6f] af6f] plSng' k5{ . Tof] ufp“
%,*)) kmL6 prfOdf k5{ .
ef]lnkN6 ld/ld/] pHofnf] x'gf;fy xfdL wDk'm;af6 pQ/lt/ nfUof}+ .

xfd|f el/ofx¿ xNnf ub}{ cufl8 uP . af6f]df r/fr'¿¨L / h¨nL hgfj/x¿
b]Vg gkfOPnf eg]/ d el/ofx¿eGbf cufl8 nfu]+ . gfgfy/Lsf r/fx¿ x]g{]
nf]en] uf]/]6f]nfO{ 5f8L h¨nleq k;]+ . d cfºg} w'gdf r/f x]b}{ slxn]
jgleqaf6 / slxn] uf]/]6f]af6 lx+8\b} lyP“ . cGbfhL b'O{306f otfptf lx+8]kl5
d]/f] cufl8 b'Oj6f c¿ uf]/]6f]x¿ b]vf k/] . b'O{6} uf]/]6f]df zfob uf]7fnf
104
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;f]r
s]6fx¿n] af0fsf lrGxx¿ clÍt u/]sf lyP . To;}n] s'g af6f] hfp“m / s'g
rflx+ 5f]8"“ eGg] ljrf/n] dnfO{ s]xLl5g\ cNdNofof] . hfg] af6f] 7Dofpg d
el/ofnfO{ klv{/x]+ t/ kv{+bf—kv{+bf pgLx¿ gcfPsf] x'“bf df5fk'R5«] /
cGgk"0f{ lxdfnnfO{ nIo ub}{ :jefjtM bf“oflt/sf] af6f] nfUg] lgisif{df k'u]+ .
Tof] af6f] nfUbf psfnf] lgs} pSng' k¥of] . kxf8sf] prfOn] lbO/fv]sf]
r'gf}tLnfO{ xf“s lbb} d klg pSn“b} uP“ . Hofb} udL{ ePklg s6';, plQ;,
lrnf}g] / cg]sf}+ /}yfg] ?vx¿n] el/Psf] clt /fd|f] 3gf h¨nleq zLtntf /
dgdf]xstf kfp“bf dnfO{ psfnf]sf] xf“s Tolt si6bfos nfu]g . t/
cgfof;} cfk"m hf“b} u/]sf] uf]/]6f] ;f“u'l/+b} uP/ cln k/ k'u]kl5 t lanfP/ kf]
uof] . d}n] 7DofP“, uf]7fnfx¿n] a6'jfnfO{ e'mSofpg af6f]df jf0f c+lst

u/]sf /x]5g\ . ca eg] d s]xL cndndf k/]+, kms"{+ eg] Tolt psfnf]
rl9;lsof], cufl8 a9"“ eg] uf]/]6f] h¨nleq ljnLg eO;Sof] . cf;kf;sf
dflg;x¿sf] cfjfh ;'Gg d}n] Wofgk"j{s rf/} lbzflt/ sfg yfk]+ t/ st}af6
klg s'g} cfjfh dlt/ cfPg . xfjfn] kftx¿ xNnfp“bf, ?vsf kftx¿
xf“ufaf6 v;L e'O{+sf :ofpnfx¿df embf{ cfpg] :of/:oftL{ cfjfhn] To;
h¨nsf] ;'g;fg jftfj/0fnfO{ cgf}7f] agfp“Yof] . obfsbf r/f s/fPsf]
cfjfhn] klg To; jftfj/0fdf Ps lsl;dsf] ljlrq efjx¿ u'~hfO/x]sf]
cg'e"lt x'GYof] .
s]xL a]/;Dd csf]{ af6f] kQf nfUnf eGg] cfzfn] tndfly u/]+ .
cGtdf Pp6f kfvf]sf] lgzfgf lnO{ uPdf s'g} g s'g} ufp“ cjZo g} e]l6Pnf
eGg] cfzfn] le/fnf]af6 ?vx¿sf xf“uf ;dfTb} la:tf/} cf]/fnf] em/]+ .
aNnaNn Pp6f lrof k;ndf k'u]+ . d?e"lddf ;km/ ul//x]sf] ylst p“m6
h:t} d yrSs a;]/ k;ndf rf/—kf“r sk lrof vfO;s]kl5 aNn d]/f
el/ofx¿ cfOk'u]+ . blIf0f e]usf] ;'Vvf kxf8df tLg 306fsf] 7f8f] psfnf]
pSn]kl5 xfdL 3fGb|'s ufp“df k'Uof}+ . of] ufp“nfO{ cfk"mn] ;f]r]eGbf 7"nf]
kfP“ . Toxf“ clwsf+z e"tk"j{ la|l6; ;}lgsx¿sf] a;f]af; /x]5 . 9'¨fsf
105
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;f]r
5fgfn] 5fOPsf lrl6Ss k/]sf 3/x¿ Hofb} ;kmf / ;'Gb/ lyP . /dfOnf] /
la;{g g;lsg] 3fGb'|s ufp“sf] 5fk x[bodf lnO{ xfdL cufl8 a9\of}+ .
df5fk'R5]« / cGgk"0f{ lxdfn d]/f cufl8 glhs x'“b} cfO/x]sf lyP .
r'da|'ªaf6 xfdL s'N8L k'Uof}+ . s'N8Ldf k|z:t e]+8L uf]7x¿ /x]5g\ .

*,$)) lkm6sf] prfO{df /x]sf] s'N8LnfO{ 5f8L d Hofb} ;f“u'/f] af6f]af6
slxn] dfly slxn] tn x'“b} cufl8 a9]+ . eL/d'lgaf6 df]bL vf]nf lxdfnsf]
lr;f] kfgL af]s]/ 7"nf] uh{g;fy alu/x]sf] lyof] . d]/f] af6f] dfln¨f]sf]] emf8L
x'“b} cufl8 nlDsPsf] lyof] . af“;sf afSnf ¤ofªx¿ b]Vbf Toxf“ cjZo klg
lxdfnL efn' xf]nfg\ egL xfdLn] nv sf6\of}+ . cGbfhL ;f9] tLg306f;Dd
af“;sf oL ¤ofªleqaf6 lx+l8;s]kl5 ;f“em kf“rah] lx+sf] u'kmfdf k'Ug
;Sof}+ . lx+sf] u'kmfsf] af/]df gS;f / lstfjdf k9]sf] x'“bf ofqfsf] ;'¿sf]
lbgb]lv g} cf}wL /x/ / sf}t'xn nflu/x]sf] lyof] Toxf“ k'Ug . jf:tjdf of]
u'kmf k|s[ltn] g} ;[hgf u/]sf] Pp6f ch¨sf] r§fgsf] cf]9f/ /x]5 .
cf]9f/leq eg"“ jf u'kmf, clwsf+z ofq'x¿ ToxL+ af; a:bf /x]5g\\ . t/ Tof]
7fp“ af; a:gnfossf] eg] lyPg . ;f“u'/f] kxf8sf vf]+rx¿ lxdfnL :of“7n]
ubf{ hlxn] klg x'/L rln/xGYof] / clt g} hf8f] lyof] . u'kmfdf ;'Tbf r§fg}
v:g] xf] ls eg]/ 8/ klg nfUof] .
lx+sf] u'kmf kf/ u/]sf] s]xL l5gkl5 lxp“r'nL lxdfnaf6 v;]sf] lxp“
klx/f]df k'Uof}+ . of] lxd klx/f] w]/} jif{ klxn] g} v;]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
lsgeg] of] klx/f] w]/} wldlnO;s]sf] 5 . xfdL hf“b} u/]]sf] eGHofª clxn] klg
Tolt g} ;f“3'/f] 5 . eGHofª slxn] pbfl¨Pnf / cufl8sf /d0fLo b[Zo b]Vg
kfOPnf eGg] cfzfn] d l56f]—l56f] cufl8 al9/x]+ . ;f“Rr} eg"“ eg] kxf8sf
si6bfos kbofqfx¿df gof“—gof“ kfl/l:ylthGo ljz]iftfx¿ cjnf]sg ug{
kfOg] cfzfn] ofqLx¿df cb\e"t hf]z k}bf x'G5 . h'g hf]zleq Ps lsl;dsf]
106
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;f]r
k"mlt{ / zlQmsf] lg/Gt/ hGd e}/xG5 . cGbfhL b'O{ 306f lx+8]kl5 eGHofª
v'nf b]lv+b} uof] . ca xfdL cGgk"0f{ :ofª\r'/Ldf k'Uof}+ . o;sf] gfd d]/f
;fyL s0f]{n lhdL /j6{n] klxnf]kN6 df5fk'R5]« lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug{ vf]Hbf
/fv]sf lyP . lhdL deGbf w]/} kfsf lyP t/ xfd|f] ;f]v Pp6} ePsf] x'“bf kl5
xfdLn] g]kfnd} klxnf]kN6 jN8{ lkmh]G6 ;+3sf] g]kfn zfvf vf]n]/ ;g\ !(*@
df ljZj lkmh]G6 ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u¥of}+ .
cGgk"0f{ :ofª\r'/L af¥x xhf/ lkm6eGbf dfly geP klg Toxf“ Ps

lsl;dsf] cfºg}kgsf] zLtf]i0f d?e"dLo jftfj/0f l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . 7"N7"nf
lxd>[+vnfsf] lgs6tfn] ubf{ olt prfO{df hlt lr;f] x'g'kg]{ xf], Tof]eGbf w]/}
lr;f] 5 Toxf“ . e'O{+df lxp“n] 6Dd 5f]k]sf], ?vx¿ geO{ vfnL ;fgf—;fgf
a'6\ofgDffq stfst} b]lvg] – w]/} prfO{df b]lvg] b[Zo lyof] Toxf“ . 8]9 b'O{
;o dL6/ rf}8f of] e~Hofª\sf] k"j{lt/ cToGt ;'Gb/ df5fk'R5«] lxdfn cfºg}
lz/dfly 7\ofDd} p7]sf] h:tf], pQ/tk{m ljZjk|l;4 cGgk"0f{ lxdfn cfºgf]
c¨ k"/f k}mnfP/ a;]sf] h:tf] . blIf0flt/ lxdr'nL lxdfn xftn] 5'g ;Sg]
b"/Ldf plePsf] Tof] 7fp“ uhasf] /x]5 .
kf“r jif{sf] ;dofjlwdf d}n] cGgk"0f{ If]qdf kf“r—5 rf]l6 kbofqf

u/]+ . o; 7fp“af6 k|efljt eP/ d}n] ;g\ !(&* df cGgk"0f{ If]qdf dflg; /
k|s[ltsf] aLr ;dGjofTds ;DaGw sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] Pp6f gof“ cjwf/0ff
kq tof/ u/]+ . dnfO{ nfU5, k|fs[lts Pj+ ;“f:s[lts b[li6sf]0fn] cGgk"0f{
h:tf] /d0fLo If]q ljZjdf la/n} kfOG5 . clt dgdf]xs Pj+ cfsif{s
df5fk'R5«], cGgk"0f{ / cGo lxdfnL >[+vnfx¿ oxf“ cf“vfdf 6f“l;g] u/L b]Vg
;lsG5 . …;a 6«lksnÚ h¨nb]lv lxdfnL pi0f d?e"ld;Ddsf k|fs[lts
ljljwtf oxf“ kfOG5g\\ . ljleGg hftsf nfnLu'/f“;x¿ 9sdSs k'mln/xG5g\\ .
o; e]usf] e|d0f ubf{ kbofqfsf] x/]s 3'DtL—3'DtL, df]8df]8 / psfnL
cf]/fnLaf6 s:tf—s:tf cgf}7f] gof“ b[Zox¿ b]lvG5g\ eGg] sf}t'xn dgdf
hflu/xG5 . pv/dfpnf] udL{af6 cfPsf] Pp6f ofqL lxp“sf] lr;f] af]s]/
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;f]r
alx/x]sf] zLtn xfjf vf“b} j/kLknsf] 5fof“d'lg rf}tf/Ldf kN6]/ nfn'kft]sf]
cGt/s'Gt/af6 df5fk'R5]«sf] b[Zo cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] of] 7fp“ ljZj
kbofqfsf] dfglrqdf Pp6f clj:d/0fLo sf];]9'¨f (landmark) ;fljt e};s]sf]
5.
cGgk"0f{ If]qleq} kg]{ clt cfsif{s / /d0fLo 3fGb'|s, nfGb'|s /

r'd?ª ufp“3/df 6nSs 6lNsg] :n]6sf 5fgfx¿n] ufp“sf] ;DkGgtfnfO{
5n{¨ b]vfp“5g\ . k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltsf] cb\e"t bf]efgsf] k|tLs /x]sf]
;Dj]bgzLn cGgk"0f{ If]qnfO{ clxn] g} s'g} of]hgf cGtu{t oyf]lrt ;+/If0f
ug{ ;lsPg eg] eljiodf cfpg] dfgjLo Pj+ ljsf;sf cg]s ljs[ltx¿n]
o;nfO{ laufg{ ;S5g\ . w]/} /fd|f] s'/fnfO{ ;dod} ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsPg eg]
Tof] rf“8}, ck|Toflzt ¿kn] lau|]/ hfg;S5 .
cGgk"0f{ If]q h:tf] ultzLn dfgjLo lqmofsnfk (Dynamic human

activity) ePsf] Pp6f clåtLo k|fs[lts If]qnfO{ s'g} /]vf / rf}x2Lleq y'g]/,
;/sf/L lgod / sfg"gn] af“w]/ /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 3]/fdf xfNg' x'“b}g . x'g t
;Dk"0f{ cGgk"0f{ If]q a[xb\ /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg of]Uo :yn xf] . t/ g]kfnsf
hDd} e"–efu /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kl/0ft ug]{ xf] eg] s] xfdLn] wfGg, y]Ug
;S5f}+ < cd]l/sf, Sofgf8f / cGo 7"N7"nf ljsl;t d'n'sx¿ /fli6«o
lgs'~hx¿ :yfkgf ug{ ;w}+ nfnflot x'G5g\\ lsgeg] tL b]z ef}uf]lns

lx;fjn] klg lgs} 7"nf 5g\\ / hlt w]/} /fli6«o lgs'~h lgdf{0f u/]klg
ltgnfO{ vf;} km/s kb}{g . k]ml/ ljsl;t d'n'ssf clwsf+z dflg;nfO{
k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿df e/ k/]/ af“Rg'kg]{ jfWotf 5}g . t/ xfd|f] h:tf] ;fgf]
d'n'ssf afl;GbfnfO{ hGd]b]lv d[To'ko{Gt k|fs[lts ;|f]tljgf hLljsf]kfh{g
;Dej 5}g . oxf“ clwsf+z jgh¨n /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg ;Dej x'“b}g .
3/ 5fpg 8f“8fef6f, w'l/anf], w'l/vf“df, kmNofs, v/b]lv eft ksfpg
bfp/f, ufOj:t' r/fpg rl/r/g, 3/kfn'jf kz'x¿sf nflu 3f“;–:ofpnf,
108
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;f]r
;f]Q/ cflbsf lglDt jgd} e/ kg'{k5{ . zx/df klg 3/ agfpg] rf}sf];,
vfkf, yfd, lgbfn cflb sf7 jghËnaf6 g} k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf] ;fdflhs Pj+
cfly{s kl/j]zdf ;+/If0fsf] gfddf nfvf}+nfv laufxf hdLg /fli6«o
lgs'~hsf ¿kdf 5'6\ofpg uf¥xf] / cJofjxfl/s x'G5 . h}ljs ljljwtf
;+/If0fsf nflu xfdL clw/fHosf s]xL d'Vo—d'Vo k|fs[lts If]qnfO{ /fli6«o
lgs'~h agfpg ;S5f}+ t/ ;a} ;+/lIft If]q (Protective Area) nfO{ /fli6«o
lgs'~hsf] kl/efiffleq /fvL ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsGg . o;f] ug'{ Gofok"0f{ klg
x'“b}g .
;+/If0f s:fsf nflu < ;+/If0f jf:tjdf dflg;sf nflu g} xf] .

dflg;sf] cfjZostfnfO{ kG5fP/ ;+/If0fdfq ug'{ s'g} b[li6n] klg Jofjxfl/s
x'“b}g . k|s[lt /fd|f], ;'Gb/, cfsif{s eg]/ s;n] JofVof u5{ < dflg;sf]
af]nLjrgn] g xf] . k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] j0f{g dflg;sf] sljtfn] g} u5{ .
dflg;nfO{ cnu /fv]/ ;+/If0fsf] kf6f]nfO{ dfq Wofg k'¥ofp“bf xfdL lglZrt
¿kdf xfg]{ n8fO{+ (Fighting for a loosing battle) nl8/x]sf x'G5f}+ . s'g} xb;Dd
aGb'ssf] e/df jf sf“8]tf/af/leq hËn ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 xf]nf t/ of]
bL3{sfnLg gLlt aGg ;Sb}g . ha;Dd jghËn tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t /
;fwgx¿ d]/f] xf], xfd|f] xf] / o;sf] ;+/If0faf6 dnfO{, d]/f] kl/jf/ /
;d'bfonfO{ kmfObf k'U5 eGg] ljZjf; hgdfg;df hufpg ;lsb}g,
To;a]nf;Dd ;+/If0f ;xL dfg]df ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g . oxL ;sf/fTds
;f]raf6 k|]/0ff lnO{ d}n] ;g\ !(&( df cGgk"0f{ If]qnfO{ k|fs[lts qmL8f:yn
df ¿kfGt/0f ug{] of]hgf agfPsf] lyP“ / Tof]

(Nature Recreation Area)
k|:tfjgf jgdGqfnodfk{mt >L % sf] ;/sf/df k|:t't u/]sf] lyP“ .
ax'cfoflds ;+/If0f Pj+ ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff k|0ffnL (Multi

df cfwfl/t d]/f] Tof] k|:tfjgfdf
conceptual park management system)
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;f]r
:yfgLo dflg;nfO{ k|s[lt ;+/If0fk|lt hfu?s u/fO{ dflg; / k|s[ltaLr
;Gt'lnt hLjgz}nLsf ;+efJo pkfox¿ ;dfj]z u/]sf] lyP“ . :yfgLo
dflg;x¿ cfk}+m cGgk"0f{ If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ub}{ ljsf; ug{ ;S5g\ . hgtfnfO{
lhDd]jf/L lbP/ Ps—csf{k|lt pQ/bfoL agfOof] eg] :jtM k|s[lt ;+/If0f
x'G5, cltqmd0f lgoGq0f x'G5 / ;Gt'ng sfod x'G5 . hg;d'bfosf]
:jfldTjdf cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] jgh¨n Joj:yfkg u/fpg ;lsof] eg] g]kfnsf]
;+/If0fsf] 7"nf] ;d:ofnfO{{ ;'Nemfpg ;lsG5 . :yfgLojf;L cfk+}mn] w]/} s'/f
ug{ ;S5g\ . t/ xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ ljZjf; ul//fv]sf x'“b}gf}+ . pgLx¿nfO{
lhDd]jf/L lbOof] eg] g;f]r]sf, glrtfPsf /fd|f s'/fx¿ ul/lbG5g\\ . o:tf
pbfx/0f g]kfndf w]/} kfOG5g\\ . k|:tfjgfdf d}n] ko{6g / k|s[ltsf]
;DaGwnfO{ cGof]Gofl>t tl/sfn] ljsf; ug]{, o;sf nflu ;f] IF]qs}
afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{, dflg; / k|s[ltsf] ;xjf; / ;xofqfdf
;dGjo ug]{, dflg; ;w}+ ljgfzsf/L x'“b}g eGg] l;4 ug]{, k|s[ltnfO{ gdf;L
s:tf—s:tf, s]—s] vfnsf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5, k|s[ltnfO{ ;+/If0f ubf{—ub}{
lbuf] ljsf; s;/L Nofpg ;lsG5 / ;+/If0faf6 :yfgLo JolQmx¿nfO{ s;/L
cfly{s nfe k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 h:tf cg]s l;4fGtnfO{ k|ltkfbg ug{
k|:tfjdf ;'emfj lbPsf] lyP“ .
ljsf; eGgf;fy slxn]sfxL+ xfdL x7ft\ tl;{G5f}+ . t/ ljsf;ljgf

PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dflg; af“Rg ;Sb}g . ;Eotf eg]sf] Ps lsl;dn] vf]nf
h:t} xf] . h;/L vf]nf kms{+b}g, To;/L cufl8 al9;s]sf] ;EotfnfO{ klg
kmsf{pg uf¥xf] x'G5 . oxL ;Gbe{df xfdLn] ljsf;sf gof“ cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{
u|x0f ub}{ n}hfg'k5{ . ljsf; cGtu{t w]/} ;sf/fTds s'/fx¿ cfp“5g\ .
ljsf;s} cjwf/0ffaf6 ;+/If0fsf w]/} pkfox¿ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . hfgL
ghfgL kxf8L If]qdf kRrL;—tL; l8u|L sf]0fdf 9Ns]sf] e"—kl/lwdf klg
jif]{jfnL nufP/ e";+/If0f ul//fv]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . To:tf ;+j]bgzLn

e"kl/lwx¿df kmnk"mn, afujfgL, lrofjufg, hl8a'6Lh:tf jgh¨ndf
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;f]r
cfwfl/t gub]jfnL jf ;fna;fnL jg:klt pdfg{ ;lsof] eg] :jtM e";+/If0f
klg x'G5, ljsf; klg x'G5 .
cf]/fnf], le/fnf] hdLgdf jif]{lg vghf]t ubf{ df6f] aUg uO{ 7"N7"nf
klx/f] hfg;S5g\ . t/ ljjztfjz g]kfndf kfvf–kv]/f / clt g} le/fnf]
hdLgdf v]tL ug]{ rng 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf klg t];f{ 8\ofª agfO{ s8f
kl/>d u/]/ df6f] ;+/If0f ub}{ v]tL ul//fv]sf x'G5g\\ t/ kof{j/0fLo
b[li6sf]0fn] ;Dj]bgzLn To:tf eL/, kfvfx¿df jif]{lg ljleGg afnLx¿
nufpg'sf] ;§f Psrf]l6 nufPkl5 /f]kL/xg gkg]{ ¿v / ;fn a;fnL la¿jf
nufof] eg] df6f] aUg] 8/ x'“b}g . kmnkm"nsf la¿jf /f]k]/ klg xfdL
;lhn};“u e"–;+/If0f ug{ ;S5f}+ . To;/L g} kxf8L If]qx¿df k|s[ltnfO{ s'g}
afwf gk'¥ofO{ ko{6g pBf]u, s'l6/ pBf]u, s'v'/fkfng, dT:o kfng,
cf}iflwd"ns af]6la¿jf jf kmnk'mn v]tLdfk{mt cfºg} k|s[ltsf 3/]n'
pBf]ux¿sf] ;'¿cft ug{ ;lsG5 .
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k]6 ef]sf] /fv]/ …;+/If0f u/Ú dfq eGbf s:fn]
;'G5 / † ef]sf] k]6n] bz{g hfGb}g clg dL7f s'/f klg ;'Gb}g . Pp6f u/La
cfºgf] k]6 eg{ / cfºgf afnaRrf arfpg xl/of], ;'l/nf] ¿v sf6]/ bfp/f
a]Rg;d]t lxrlsrfp“b}g . oxL s7f]/ jf:tljstfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL d}n]
ax'd'vL, ax'cfoflds ;+/If0f Pj+ ljsf; Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] cjwf/0ff
cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyP“ . Tof] k|:tfjgf ;aeGbf klxn] jgljefudf k]z u/]+ . t/
jif{lbg lalt;Sbf klg s'g} lnlvt k|ltlqmof cfPg . emg\ pN6f] d]/f Ps hgf
;fyLn] t Jo+Uo ub}{ …of] s0f{ zfSo lsg hfGg] ;'Gg] ePsf] xf]nf < lxKkLnfO{
dfq ;Dxfn]/ k};f sdfP k'luxfN5 lg † jfOoftÚ ;Dd eg]5g\ . lrtjg
;f}/fxfdf jf8]{gx¿sf] 5nkmndf d]/f] k|:tfjgfpk/ pgn] To;/L tLvf]
k|ltlqmof lbP, eg]/ s;}n] dnfO{ ;'gfPsf] lyof] . To:tf] s'/f ;'Gbf dnfO{
v'a lrQ b'Vof] . cfºg} ;|f]t / ;fwg vr{ u/]/ rf/ kf“r rf]l6 lx“8]/ ;Dk"0f{
cGgk"0f{ If]q e|d0f u/L s'gf—sfKrf, 5]pleQf 3'dL s'g 7fp“df s] ubf{ /fd|f]
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;f]r
xf]nf egL uDeL/ cWoog u/]sf] lyP“ / To;sf cfwf/df ljz]if cjwf/0ffx¿
;'emfPsf] lyP“ . w]/} pT;fx lnP/ d}n] of] k|:tfjgf ;/sf/;dIf k|:t't u/]sf]
lyP“ t/ cfºg} ;xsdL{x¿n] To:tf] xtf]T;fxL kfg{ ;Sg] k|ltlqmof hgfp“bf
lgZro g} dnfO{ rf]6 nfUg] g} eof] .
t/ dflg;nfO{ rf]6 nfUg'kg]{ /x]5, lrQ klg slxn]sfxL+ b'Vg'kg]{

/x]5 cGoyf xfdL alnof] x'“bf /x]g5f}+ . rf]6n] dgnfO{ bl/nf] kf5{ . slnnf] /
sdnf] dg lnP/ s'g} klg gof“ / cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g Nofpg] sfd ug{
;ls“b}g . d]/f] ;fyLsf] cfnf]rgfn] dnfO{ xtf]T;flxt agfPg, a¿ b[9
agfof] . oltsf d]xgt u/]/ tof/ kf/]sf] k|:tfjgf Ps—b'O{ hgf JolQmn]
lj/f]w u/] eGb}df d Tof] sfd 5f]8\g]jfnf lyOg“ . d]/f] k|:tfjgfnfO{ d}n]
jgdGqfnodfkm{t cufl8 a9fpg g;Sbf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf k|:t't
u/]+ . To;a]nf 8f= df]xgdfg ;}+h' cfof]usf] pkfWoIf x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n] d]/f]
k|:tfjgf pk/ 5nkmn ug{ jg dGqfno;d]t ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{ af]nfO{
a}7s u/fpg'eof] . dnfO{ Tof] a}7sdf ePsf] Pp6f s6' 36gf clxn];Dd
ofb cfp“5 . b'Anf] / Vofp6] vfnsf jg dGqfnosf ;lrj Tof] a}7sdf
pkl:yt lyP . gf} jif{ klxn] g} d}n] jg ljefu 5f]8]sf] x'“bf tL ;lrjnfO{
d}n] lrg]sf] lyOg . a}7sdf of]hgf cfof]usf pk;lrj /fdaxfb'/ >]i7n]
pxF“ ;lrjHo" eg]/ dnfO{ lrgfOlbg' eof] . t/ ;lrjn] dnfO{ k6Ss} x]/]gg\ .
Psbd pk]Iff u/L uw{g 7f8f] kf/L lagf5nkmn eg], æof] k|:tfj jg
dGqfnoaf6 c:jLs[t e};s]sf] 5 . ca o;nfO{ 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf
g} 5}g .Æ
To;a]nf dnfO{ lgs} l/; p7\of] . l/; p7]kl5 d esesfp“5' clg

kj{t] efiff klg /fd|/L af]Ng ;lSbg . ;lrjnfO{ x]/]/ d}n] 7f8} eg]+, ætkfO{n]
dnfO{ s] eG7fGg'ePsf] 5, sld;g vfg] bnfn of h¨nleq xf]6n ]
;+rfngsf nflu nfO;]G; lng vf]Hg] 7]s]bf/ < †Æ d]/f zAb s8f g} lyP .
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;f]r
;lrj s]xL gaf]nL, d]/f] s'/fnfO{ jf:t} gu/L ‰ofnlt/ x]l//fv]sf lyP . ToxL+
dh?n xs eGg] sGh/e]6/ klg x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n] dnfO{ xft ;dftL ;fgf]
:j/n] s'/f ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . d}n] tL ;lrjnfO{ km]l/ eg]+, æof] t ;+/If0fsf
nflu ug{ vf]h]sf] k|of; xf] . tkfO{+ lsg dk|lt cfqmf]lzt x'g'ePsf] < g
tkfO{+ dnfO{ lrGg'x'G5 g t d}n] g} tkfOnfO{ lrg]sf] 5' . lagfnf]enfnr
cys d]xgt / kl/>d u/]/ Pp6f ;fgf] cjwf/0ff d}n] oxf“ k|:t't u/]sf] x'“ .
tkfO{x¿ efif0fdf eg] hg;xeflutfsf s'/f ug]{ oxf“ eg] o:tf] † vf]O{ t
cfh hg;xeflutfd"ns cjwf/0ffsf] sb/ ug'{ePsf] <Æ
;lrj / d]/f] dfgl;s tfnd]n gldn]kl5 of]hgf cfof]usf pk–

;lrjn] a}7s :ylut u/] . dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] ;lrjnfO{ sfg eg]{ d]/f]
ToxL ;fyL xf]nf . k]zfut 8fx / O{iof{ (Professional Jeolousy) klg a8f]
xflgsf/s x'“bf]/x]5 . tL ;fyLn] ;lrjsf] sfgdf d]/f lj¿4 Toqf] s'/f e/]
xf]nfg\ eg]/ d}n] ljZjf;} ug{ ;lsg“ . zfob g]kfnn] k|ult ug{ g;s]sf] klg
o:tf s]xL b"lift dgMl:yltsf Ps—b'O{ sd{rf/L / sfgn] ;'g]/ cf“vf lrlDnO{
;+;f/ x]g]{ cb"/bzL{ gLlt lgwf{/sx¿n] ubf{ g} xf]nf . d}n] of] cjwf/0ff
h;/L ePklg kf/ nufpg] ;+sNk u/]+, b[9tf lnP“ . 8f= df]xgdfg ;}+h"sf]
clkm;df km]l/ uP“ . pxf“ xf“:g'eof] / eGg'eof] æ7Ls} 5, dxf/fhflw/fh
;/sf/ kf]v/fdf ;jf/L xf]OaS;“b}5 . tkfO{sf] k|:tfjgf d ;/sf/nfO{ ToxL+
r9fp“5' .Æ ;/sf/sf P=8L=;L=tf/faxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ klg Psk|lt d]/f] k|:tfjgf
lbP“ . pgn] xf“;]/ eg] æP s0f{hL † /fhfnfO{ klg olt nfdf] k|:tfjgf
6q\mofpg] < n b'O— { tLg k]hdf dfq ;+lIfKt ¿kn] n]v]/ Nofpgf];\ .Æ /fhfsf]
kf]v/f ;jf/L ePsf] a]nf d]/f] k|:tfjgf k]z ePsf] /x]5 . ;/sf/af6 cGgk"0f{
If]qsf] ;Dk"0f{ df]bL vf]nf x]lnsK6/af6 lg/LIf0f ul/aS;]sf] /x]5 .
cGttf]uTjf ;/sf/sf] kf]v/f e|d0fsf] cGtdf …cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] ;+/If0f /
ljsf; ug]{Ú l;4fGt kfl/t ul/P5 . ha /]l8of]af6 cGgk"0f{ If]qsf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ 3f]if0ff ;'g]+, dg 9Ss km'n]/ cfof] . dnfO{ kfyL eft vfPh:tf] eof],
slxNo} gkfPsf] j:t' kfPh:tf] eof] . kl5 >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf]
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;f]r
:yfkgf ePkl5 sf]ifsf tTsfnLg cWoIf, jt{dfg >L % dxf/fhflw/fh
;/sf/sf] ;jn Pj+ ;lqmo g]t[Tjdf cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf] cfof]hgf
;kmntfk"j{s ;+rfng eof] . clxn] cGgk"0f{ If]q ljZjsf] Ps cToGt ;kmn
kl/of]hgf ;fljt ePsf] 5 . x'g t d]/f] k|:tfjgfaf/] w]/} rrf{ ePsf] 5}g t/
cGt/fTdfdf o; dxfg\ sfddf d]/f] klg s]xL c+z nufgL ePsf] 5 eGg]
nfU5 . Tof] d]/f nflu cfTd;Gt'li6sf] Pp6f pkdf ePsf] 5 . dfgl;s /
dgf]j}1flgs ¿kdf o:n] dnfO{ clek|]l/t / pTk|]l/t u/]sf] 5 . gyfsLsg

rf]vf] dgn] lg/Gt/ nflu/xg ;s] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] 68\sf/f] pbfx/0f
xf] cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf] :Yffkgf .
d}n] jgljefusf] hfuL/ 5f]8\bf d]/f] dg ;f“Rr} /f]Psf] lyof] . d}n]

rfx]/ xf]Og, jfWotfn] 5f]8]sf] lyP“ Tof] ;]jf . t/ ;To s] xf] eg] dflg;sf]
lhGbuLdf /fd|f jf g/fd|f h'g;'s} 36gfn] klg cGttf]uTjf /fd|} glthf
Nofp“5g\ . xf]z k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] xfdLn] w}o{wf/0f ug'{k5{ . d}n]
Tof] a]nf jgljefu g5f]8]sf] eP jf jgdGqfnodf /lx/x]sf] eP ;+/If0fsf]
If]qdf s] of]ubfg lbg ;Sy]+ x'“nf egL slxn]sfxL+ ;f]Rg] u5'{ . To;a]nf Pp6f
zfvf clws[tn] cfºgf] xflsd / ;lrjnfO{ e]6\g klg ;do / df}sf
klv{g'kYof]{ . xflsdnfO{ e]l6xflnof] eg] klg cfk"mn] eg]sf] s'/f u/fpg
;ls+b}gYof] . tNnf] bhf{sf 6]Sgf]s|of6nfO{ dflyNnf] 6]Sgf]s|of6n] x]Kg], Pp6f
6]Sgf]s|of6nfO{ csf]{ Ao"/f]s|of6n] bafpg], clg Ao"/f]s|of6nfO{ dGqLn]
xKsfpg] . Tof] ck/Dkf/ ;~hfndf lghL :jfy{sf s'/fafx]s s:fn] s] sfd
ug{ ;SYof] / † dnfO{ nfU5, hfuL/ 5f]8]/ d}n] g/fd|f] ul/g .
ko{6g pBf]u ;+rfng ug]{ qmddf d}n] cfºgf] lghL Jofkf/df dfq
;do glbO{ ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf cGtu{t ;+/If0fsf sfdx¿ klg
ul//fv]sf] x'“bf d}n] pRr cf]xbfsf xflsdx¿, /fhgLlts g]tf /
sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lrGg] df}sf kfP“ . o;n] ubf{ cfd jgclws[tx¿n] p7fpg
g;s]sf k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf d'2fx¿ p7fpg / cfºgf] ;Dks{sf] dfWodaf6
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;f]r
sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;s]+ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . t/ gsf/fTds dgf]j[lQ
af]s]sf s]xL ;fyLx¿n] k]zfut O{iof{sf sf/0f kl5;Dd klg v'§f tfGg
5f]8]gg\ . ;g\ !(*)—*! Tffsf :jL6\h/Nof08sf] Unf“df /x]sf] ljZj ;+/If0f
kl/ifb\ -cfO{=o"=;L=Pg=_ n] dnfO{ lzIfftk{m sldzg ;b:odf dgf]gLt u¥of] .
of] d]/f] cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] klxnf] dgf]gog lyof] . t/ jgdGqfnodf sfo{/t
Pshgf clws[tn] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltlagf s0f{ zfSonfO{ lsg
s;/L dgf]gLt ul/of] egL n]v]/;d]t k7fPsf /x]5g\ . To;a]nf
cfO{=o"=;L=Pg= Ph's]zg sldzgsf cWoIf, ljZjk|l;4 cd]l/sL nf]s uflosf
Hjfg afP;sf lktf, cfn afP;l;t d]/f] w]/} 3lgi7 ;DaGw lyof] . cfn
afP;s} ;xof]uaf6 d}n] ;g\ !(*@ df g]kfndf klxnf]kN6 cfO{=o"=;L=Pg=

Ph's]zgsf] /fli6«o ;ldlt :yfkgf u/]+ . !(*%—*^ tfsf ;f]xL /fli6«o
sldzgsf] ;lqmotfdf lzIff dGqfno;“u ldn]/ :s"nsf] k|fylds txsf]
kf7\oqmddf ;+/If0f lzIff ;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of] . sldzgsf
ljleGg RofK6/ ldl6ªdf cfn afP;l;tsf] 3lgi7tfsf sf/0f d}n] ljZjsf
ljleGg 7fp“df cfO{=o"=;L=Pg= sf] :6]l/¨ ldl6¨df efu lng] / cg]s
;+/If0fljb\x¿nfO{ lrGg] df}sf k|fKt u/]+ .
;g\ !((# df cfO{=o"=;L=Pg= sf] ljZj ;Dd]ng ch]{l06gfsf]

/fhwfgL Ao"g;cfo;{df cfof]hgf x'“bf pQm ;+:yfsf] Pp6f sldzgsf] cWoIf
kbsf nflu d]/f] gfp“ klg k|:tfljt ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnsf tk{maf6 ;f]
;Dd]ngdf efu lng hfg]df /fh]Gb| bfxfn, clgn lrqsf/ / ;"o{dfg zfSo
klg lyP . Tof] ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf ljleGg efuaf6 cfPsf jl/i7
;+/If0fljb\x¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . r'gfjsf a]nf cWoIf kbsf pDd]bjf/—
x¿n] ;xefuLx¿aLr efif0f lbg'kYof]{ . To;a]nf ev{/—ev{/ d]/f] d'dfsf]
b]xfj;fg ePsf] x'“bf lsl/of a;]sf] sf/0f skfn / cf“lvef}+ ;d]t vf}/]sf]
lyP“ / ;]tf] n'uf nufO/fv]sf] lyP“ . ;xefuLx¿sf cl3 a/vL af/]sf]
e]ife"iff / cf“lvef}+ lagf af“b/sf] h:tf] cg'xf/ lnP/ cfk"mnfO{ k|:t't ug]{
cf“6} cfPg . h;/L ePklg r'gfjL efif0f t ul/of] t/ cfºgf] JolQmTjnfO{
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;f]r
;xL 9¨n] k|:t't ug{ ;lsPg / cGtdf r'gfj klg xfl/of] . s:tf] lj8Dagf †
a/vL af/]sf] sf/0f d}n] cfºgf] ;f]rnfO{ ;sf/fTds kfg{ ;lsg“ . x'g t ddf
s]xL sdL lyPg, vfln dgdf Pp6} ;+s'lrt efjgf lyof], …o:tf] 7"nf] ;efdf
d]/f] of] c;lhnf] ¿k s;/L k|:t't ug]{ <Ú a;\ ToxL+ dgf]j}1flgs xLgtfaf]wn]
d lg/fz ag]+ . t/ h] xf];\, Toqf] k|ltli7t :yfg;Dd k'Ug ;kmn ePsf]df
cfk"mnfO{ efUodfgL 7fG5' . of] kbsf nflu g dnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n]
dgf]gog u/]sf] lyof] g t s'g} ;+3 ;+:yfn] l;kmfl/; g} u/]sf lyP .
cfO=o"=;L=Pg= df sfo{/t pRr cf]xf]bfdf a:g] d]/f ;fyLx¿n] dnfO{ Tof]
kbsf] nflu JolQmut tj/n] dgf]gog u/]sf /x]5g\ .
g]kfnsf] k|s[lt ;+/If0f ug]{ qmddf d}n] Pp6f dxTjfsfª\IfL ;kgf

b]v]sf] lyP“ . cfheGbf afO; jif{ klxn] ;Dk"0f{ pQ/L e]ssf ;Dj]bgzLn
clt b'u{d kxf8L If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f If]qsf] ¿kdf 3f]if0ff u/L Tof] If]qdf clt
bogLo cj:yfdf af“lr/x]sf ufp“n]x¿nfO{ t/fO{sf] rf/ sf]z emf8Ldf
Jojl:yt ?kaf6 k|lt:yfkg ug]{ kl/sNkgfsf] cfwf/df d}n] …c;Dej ;kgfÚ
(Wishful Thinking) zLif{sdf Pp6f n]v n]v]sf] lyP“ . d]/f] Tof] n]vnfO{
ljlnod Sn]af]g eGg] ;Dkfbsn] cd]l/sfaf6 k|sflzt x'g] …b jflzª6g kf]i6Ú
(The Washington Post) df cfwf k]heGbf a9L :yfg lbP/ Erosion is laying
waste to life in shadow of the Himalayas zLif{sdf k|sflzt u/]sf lyP . afv|f
r9\g g;Sg] eL/kfvfdf kl;gf r'xfpb} s]xL vf];|L ds} pdfg{ uf]? h:t}
hf]ltP/ hLjgofkg u/L /fv]sf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg a:g] g]kfnLsf] lrq0f d}n]
d]/f] n]vdf k|:t't u/]sf] lyP“ . kfgL k/] af9L cfpg], kfgL gk/] ;'Vvf nfUg]
To:tf hUufdf jif{sf] Psrf]l6 ds} kmnfpg pgLx¿n] hlt sf]lz; u5{g\,
ToxL cg'kftdf pgLx¿n] /fd|f] v]tLof]Uo hldgdf kl/>d u/]sf] eP zfob
;'g} pdfl/lbGy] xf]nf . t/ To;f] x'g g;Sbf pgLx¿ ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg
hgfj/sf] h:tf] lhGbuLdfq af“lr/x]sf 5}gg\, hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ ;Dk"0f{
kxf8sf] ef}uf]lns ;+/rgfdf klg k|lts"n c;/ k'¥ofO/fv]sf 5g\\ . cToGt
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;f]r
le/fnf kfvfx¿df v]tL ubf{ df6f] sf]b}{ nluof] eg] clnslt jiff{n] klg
Toxf“sf] df6f] aufp“5 / e"—Ifo u/fp“5 .
pQm n]vsf] d]/f] sNkgfsf] t:aL/df d}n] b'u{d IF]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{
g]kfnLsf] ;'vb eljiosf] /]vfÍg u/]sf] lyP“ . jif]{lg clgsfnl;t h'Wb} lx+8\g]
dflg;x¿nfO{ v]tLof]Uo hdLgdf k|lt:yflkt ug{ kfPsf] eP cfh kof{j/0fLo
b[li6sf]0fn] ;Dj]bgzLn kxf8L IF]qdf ;+/If0f ub}{ u/La hgtfsf] cfly{s
ljsf; ;lsGYof] xf]nf . ;b/d'sfd / t/fO{sf w]/} h¨n If]qx¿df gS;fdf
jgIf]q eg]/ 5'6\ofOP klg lgDg:t/sF s'—sf7sf h¨nx¿ dfq x'G5g\\ . tL
jgIf]qx¿ ;'s'Djf;L / x's'Djf;Lx¿nfO{ dfq hUuf lbg] ynf]df ¿kfGtl/t
eO/x]sf lyP . ;Dk"0f{ kxf8nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kaf6 ;+/If0f u/L ;+;f/s}
7"nf] /fli6«o lgs'~h lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 g]kfndf . clg, t/fO{sf h}ljs
ljljwtfn] wgL s]xL jgh+unnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kl/0ft u/L af“sL
v]tLof]Uo, e"—efudf Jojl:yt ¿kn] ;dfg v]tL k|0ffnL 'Intensive
Agriculture System' nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{ k'gjf{;sf] k|aGw ug{ ;s]sf] eP slt
pQd x'GYof] xf]nf † t/ of] s'/f sNkgf ug{ hlt ;lhnf] 5, sfof{Gjog ug{
TolQ g} uf¥xf] † To;}n] d}n] o;nfO{ c;Dej ;kgfsf] ;+1f lbPsf] lyP“ .
jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf dnfO{ stfstf Tof] d]/f] c;Dej

;kgf ;fsf/ xf]nf—xf]nf h:tf] nflu/x]5 . ljutsf lbgx?df kxf8L If]qdf
ePsf cGof]nk"0f{ /fhgLlts l:yltsf sf/0fn] Toxf“sf w]/} dflg;x¿
lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\\ . pgLx¿ slt t ;b/d'sfddf cfP/ ;'s'Daf;Lsf]
lhGbuL latfO/fv]sf 5g\\ . dnfO{ nfU5, efUojz jf b'ef{Uojz clxn]
;/sf/sf;fd' r'gf}tLsf ;fy;fy} cj;/x¿ klg 5g\\ . klxn] ljleGg wfld{s,
;f+:s[lts Pj+ ;fdflhs / dgf]j}1flgs sf/0fx¿af6 kxf8sf dflg;x¿nfO{
rfx]/ klg c¿ If]qdf k|lt:yflkt ug{ ;ls+b}gYof] . t/ clxn] ;do
ablnPsf] 5 . ljleGg hl6n /fhgLlts sf/0faf6 /fHon] clxn] hgtfsf]
dg lhTg'kg]{ cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn ;b/d'sfddf cToGt bogLo
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;f]r
hLjgofkg ul//fv]sf ;'s'Djf;Lx¿nfO{ Pp6f gof“ pQd Joj:yf;lxtsf]
e"ld;'wf/sf] gLlt ckgfP/ Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsof] eg] ;/sf/k|lt hgtfsf]
e/f];f a9\5 . oxL df}sfdf ;/sf/n] e"ld;'wf/ cGtu{t ;b/d'sfddf Pp6f
kl/jf/n] /fVg ;Sg] hUufsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/L a9L ePsf] hUuf oL
lj:yflkt ;'s'Djf;L hgtfnfO{ lbof] eg] pgLx¿sf] eljio klg pHHjn x'G5,
;/sf/sf] klg hohosf/ x'G5, ;fy}} ;/sf/n] PsLs[t ¿kdf ljsf;sf
sfdx¿ ug{ ;S5 .
clxn]sf] ;/sf/n] a'l4dfgLk"j{s Wofg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] xf] eg] of]

r'gf}tLnfO{ cj;/ agfP/ b]zsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . lj:yflkt
;'s'Daf;Lx¿nfO{ ;b/d'sfdd} a;f]af; u/fpg ;lsof]] eg] g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f
csf]{ 7"nf] kmfObf x'G5 . ljZj a}+ssf] ;"rsfÍdf ljut aL;f}+ jif{b]lv
g]kfnnfO{ ;aeGbf u/La d'n'ssf] bhf{df /flvPsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ cljsl;t
Pj+ u/La d'n'ssf] bhf{df /fVg'sf d'Vo sf/0fx¿ clwsf+z hgtfn] -s_
wf/fsf] kfgL gkfpg', -v_ lah'nL gkfpg', -u_ :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] lgldQ
x]Nykf]i6 gkfpg' / -3_ ;8s ;'ljwf gkfpg' x'g\ . t/ lj8Dagf s] 5 eg]
xl/0fx¿ klg r9\g g;Sg], rLnn] dfq u'8“ agfpg ;Sg] cgsG6f/
eL/kfvf / b'u{d IF]qdf 5l/Psf cgluGtL ufp“x¿df kfgL, lah'nL, ;8s,
lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf OToflb k'¥ofpg g]kfndf OGb| g} /fhf x'g' k5{ / s'j]/ g}
cy{dGqL x'g'k5{ . dnfO{ nfU5, g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:yltn] ubf{ OGb| /
s'j]/n] klg xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ b'u{d If]qx¿df cfjZos ;x'lnot k'¥ofpg ;Sb}gg\
. o:tf] lg/fzfhgs l:yltdf slxn];Dd ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf u/La d'n's eg]/
ljZj;fd' cfºgf] a]OHhtL u/fO/xg] < k|Zg uDeL/ dfq 5}g cToGt
;Dj]bgzLn klg 5 .
;/sf/n] t'?Gt} Gofok"0f{ tl/sfn] xbaGbL ;lxtsf] gof“ e"ld;'wf/

P]g nfu" u/]/ ;b/d'sfdsf a9L ePsf s[lifof]Uo hldg / t/fO{sf
s'sf7jfnf h¨nx¿df kxf8af6 lj:yflkt tyf t/fOsf e"ldxLg
;'s'Djf;Lx¿nfO{ k'gM:yflkt ug]{ xf] eg] /ftf/ft ;a} g]kfnLsf] 3/b}nf]df
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;f]r
af6f] k'Ug ;S5, vfg]kfgL k|fKt x'g ;S5, lah'nL h8fg x'g;S5, :s"ndf
aRrf k9\g hfg ;S5g\, c:ktfnsf] ;]jf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 / g]kfnLn] klg
;Eo dflg;sf] lhGbuL af“Rg ;S5g\ . oltdfq xf]Og, ;b/d'sfd / t/fO{sf]
dlnnf] df6f]df v]tL ug{ kfp“bf pAhgL a9]/ s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu pko'Qm
ahf/ klg pknAw x'g ;S5 . o;/L s]xL jif{d} ljZj a}+ssf] ;"rsfÍdf xfd|f]
b]z dfly k'Ug ;Sg] ;Defjgf l;h{gf x'g ;S5 . cfheGbf afO; jif{ klxn]
of] d]/f] ;kgf c;Dej lyof] xf]nf t/ jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf o;dfly
ljrf/ k'¥ofpg] xf] eg] uf¥xf] t xf]nf t/ c;Dej rflx+ xf]Og .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—&
nf}g s]xL u¿“ †

æha d s'g} ;f]rdf, lrGtgdf lgdUg /xG5', To;a]nf xftsf] a'9L / dfemL
cf}+nfn] b'O{ cf“vfaLrsf] gfs ;dfTb} lgwf/sf] dfemsf] cfwf O~rLeGbf ;fgf]
7fp“df bf];|f] cf}+nfn] /ul8/xG5' . dnfO{ nfU5, z/L/sf] Tof] ;fgf] efu xfd|f]
;f]r, ljrf/ / lrGtgsf] s]Gb|laGb' xf] . ToxL+ sf/0fn] xf]nf, xfdL Toxf“ ;w+}
6Lsf nufp5f}+ . Tof] cfwf O~rLeGbf ;fgf] efu ;f]rsf] cyfx ulx/fOePsf]
;fu/ xf] . Toxf“ cf}+nfn] 3f]6]/ ljrf/ u¥of] eg] cNnf2Lgsf] hfb'do
lr/fuaf6 ldNg] rdTsf/ h:t} cgluGtL rfdTsfl/s s'/fx¿ e]6\g ;lsG5 .
;nfOsf] ;fgf] sf“6Ldf cfuf] cGtlg{lxt x'G5 t/ a§fsf] d;nfdf g3f]6L
cfuf] lg:s+b}g . Sofns'n]6/ d]lzgdf h:tf] xfd|f] Tof] lgwf/sf] dxTjk"0f{
c¨df 6S6Sofpb} ljrf/ ug{ yfNg] xf] eg] ;f]rsf ljleGg pkfox¿ vf]tNg
;lsG5 .Æ
kL=Pn=l;+x dnfO{ c;fWo} dg kg]{ ;fyL x'g\ . pgnfO{ d}n] dg

k/fpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f dl;t pgL ;w}+ cgf}krfl/s tl/sfn] lbn vf]n]/
/dfOnf s'/fx¿ u5{g\ . @)#)–#@ ;fnlt/sf] s'/f xf], sf7df8f}+df g]kfnL
sf+u|];sf] /fli6«o dxflwj]zg x'g nfu]sf] /x]5 Psbd uf]Ko tl/sfn] . To;sf
lglDt kL=Pn= dsxf“ rGbf dfUg cfOk'u] . uf]Ko tl/sfaf6, Tof] klg
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;f]r
tTsfnLg sfg"g ljk/Lt cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf] x'“bf ;f] sfo{qmdsf nflu d}n]
rGbf lbg dflgg“ . æx] ====== ltdL klg c;fWo} sf“t/ /x]5f}Æ, rGbf lbg
gdfg]kl5 kL=Pn= n] g]jf/L efiffdf dnfO{ ufnL u/] . d sfg"g dfGg] Pp6f
pBdL dfq x'“, sf“t/ xf]Og eGg] k|dfl0ft ug{ d}n] kL=Pn= nfO{ eg]+, æn
;S5f} eg] ltdL Pp6f sfd u/, d rflxg] hlt k};f lbG5' .Æ lh1f;'[ aGb}
kL=Pn= n] ;f]w], æs] sfd xf] To:tf] <Æ d}n] pgnfO{ Pp6f k|:tfj lb+b} eg]+
æu0f]zdfg l;+xsf] Pp6f lel8of] lkmNd agfcf}+, laxfg p7]b]lv /ftL ;'Tg]
a]nf;Dd u0f]zdfgsf ;a} ultljlw / lbgrof{sf] lkmNd lvRg] .Æ d}n] k]ml/
yk]+, æxf]Og eg] u0f]zdfgnfO{ efjL g]kfnL k':tfn] glrGg] eof], n ;S5f}+ <Æ
d]/f] cGt:s/0fdf g]kfnsf] efjL k':tfn] jL/ u0f]zdfg sf] x'g\ eg]/
glrGnfg\ ls eGg] 7"nf] lrGtf lyof] To;a]nf . k~rfotsfndf u0f]zdfgnfO{
g]kfnLn] emG8}—emG8} lal;{;s]sf lyP . /f0ffsfndf zf;sx¿sf] af]nLaf6
uf]nL lg:sg] a]nfdf …P rGb|], t]/f] afpnfO{ xfg\Ú eGg;Sg] jL/ g]kfnL clxn]
sxf“ kfpg' < k~rfotsfndf tfl/km ug{ ;lhnf], ufnL ug{ uf¥xf] . t/
cfhsn ufnL ug{ ;lhnf], tfl/km ug{ uf¥xf] . s:tf] la8Dagf <
dnfO{ clxn];Dd ofb 5, k~rfotsfndf b"tfjf;x¿df cfof]hgf

ul/g] lrofkfg sfo{qmdx¿df u0f]zdfg l;+x slxn]sfxL+ sldh ;'¿jfn
nufP/ nf}/f] 6]Sb} v'?v'? cfp“y] . pgL;“u s;}n] af]Nb}gYof] t/ klg kf“r k'm6
tLg OGrsf u0f]zdfgsf cl3 ;a} g]tfx¿ Affdk'8\s] h:t} b]lvGy] . hlt;'s}
eL8ef8 ePklg u0f]zdfgsf] cufl8 af6f] cfk}+m v'NYof] . ;of}+sf] eL8df
Zofdj0f{sf u0f]zdfg ;"o{h:t} rlDsGy] To;a]nfklg . t/ 7Ls pN6f],
k|hftGq kZrft\ Pstfsf l;+xb/af/ cufl8sf] k|fª\u0fdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
Pp6f /flqef]hdf k~rfotsfnsf Ps k"j{ k|wfgdGqL d]/f] ;dLkdf a:bf klg
d}n] pgnfO{ 7Dofpg ;lsg . kl5 kmfo/ Kn];sf] cfuf]sf] /fkdf ha d}n]
pgnfO{ b]v]+, pgL t c“Wof/f]df nf6f]sf];]/f] h:tf] n'v|'Ss k/L al;/fv]sf
lyP .
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;f]r
lel8of] ev{/—ev{/ dfq ahf/df cfPsf] lyof] To;a]nf . b'O— {

rf/hgf;“u dfq lel8of] Sofd/f lyof] . zfob To;}n] xf]nf, kL=Pn= n] d]/f]
k|:tfj cg'¿k u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] lel8of] lkmNd agfpg ;s]gg\ . x'g t
kL=Pn= /fhgLlts tf/tDox¿ ldnfpg c;fWo} dflx/ dflgG5g\ . @)$(
;fndf sf7df8f}+ gu/kflnsfsf] d]o/df r'lggf;fy kL=Pn= d]/f] 3/d} cfP/
…n ltdL dnfO{ s] ;xof]u ug{ ;S5f}+ u/Ú eg] . pgn] cfºg} kf/fsf] c+u|]hLdf
eg]sf lyP, 'Don't give me your lip service, I need your solid service.' kL=Pn=
sf] Tof] cfºg} kf/fsf] cfTdLotfn] d]/f] dgnfO{ 5f]of] . s;/L d2t ug]{ k'/fgf]
ldq kL=Pn= nfO{, Tof] ljrf/n] d]/f] dgnfO{ Jo:t agfof] . kL=Pn= x'/L h:t}
sf]7fleq k;] / cfºg} tfnsf] c+u|]hL af]Nb} jiff{t\sf] e]nh:t} aflx/ uP .
d PSn} sf]7fdf a;]/ kL=Pn= nfO{ d2t ug]{ tf}/tl/sfaf/] ;f]Rg

yfn]+ . sf]7fdf PSn} lyP“, cf“vf lrlDnP“, k]ml/ vf]n]+, k]ml/ lrlDnP“ . oxL
qmddf d}n] Pp6f uhasf] s'/f cg'e"lt u/]+ . eG5g\ cf“vf gePsf] dfG5]
cGwf] x'G5, aQL gePkl5 c“Wof/f] x'G5 . t/ Tof] k"0f{ ;To /x]g5 . jf:tjdf
cf“vfaf6 t w]/} sd b]lvg] kf] /x]5 . To;a]nf cgfof; d}n] cg'ej u/]+
sf]7fdf a:bf d]/f] cf“vfn] cGbfhL tLg;o ju{ lkm6sf] b[Zo dfq b]Vg ;Sy]
t/ cf“vf lrlDngf;fy d}n] ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{ ;s]+ . dgsfdgf, :joDe",
kf]v/f, cd]l/sf ;f/fsf ;f/f d]/f] cf“vf cufl8 emlNsg yfn] . t/ ha d}n]
cf“vf vf]n]+, cs:dft\ d]/f] b[li6 sf]7fsf] rf/lbjf/df dfq ;Lldt x'g k'Uof]] .
c“Wof/f]—pHofnf] / aQLsf] ;DaGw klg To:t} /x]5 . o;sf] :ki6 cg'ej d}n]
cf;fdsf] dgf; :of¨r'/Ldf afdk'8\s] a“b]n x]g{ hf“bf u/]sf] lyP“ . lbgel/
h¨n 3'd]/ cfPkl5 /flt km/]i6 u]i6xfp;sf] a/G8fdf a;]/ lao/ lkO/x]sf]
lyP“ . c“Wof/f] /ftdf ca]/;Dd Ps} 7fp“df al;/fv]sf] x'“bf d]/f] cf“vfn]]
c“Wof/f]df klg jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f k|i6 b]lv/fv]sf] lyof] . cfsfzdf 6Ns]sf
tf/fx¿, 6f9f 6f9f ufp“sf nfnl6gsf k|sfz, ?vsf emfªx¿, kmf“6sf—kmf“6
122
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;f]r
3“f;]au/ klg Tof] cGwsf/df :ki6 b]lvGYof] . ToxLa]nf cs:dft\ jgkfn]n]
k]6«f]DofS; afn]/ a/G8fsf] blngdf e'm08\ofOlbof] . k]6«f]DofS;sf] Tof]
pHofnf]df ;Dk"0f{ tf/fx¿, ?vsf emfª\x¿ / 3f“;sf 98\8Lx¿ ¤ofKk}} cf]e]mn
eP/ uP . s:tf] uha † Pp6f aQLn] bz lkm6;Dd t pHofnf] agfof] t/
To;kZrft\ ;f/f b[Zo cGwsf/df x/fP . s;/L aQLn] pHofnf]sf] ;§f
cGwsf/ klg Nofpg ;Sbf]/x]5, cfZro{ nfUof] dnfO{ . b'O{ 306f;Dd d
/dfO/fv]sf] …c“Wof/f]leqsf] pHofnf]Ú x/fp“bf dnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] . clg,
a/08faf6 k]6«f]DofS; x6fpg nufP/ k]ml/ cGwsf/sf] pHofnf]df /dfpg
yfn]+ . cf“vf lrlDnP/ sNkgfsf] ;fu/df 8'a]kl5 / c“Wof/f] ;+;f/sf] pHofnf]
jftfj/0fdf /dfPkl5 h'g cnf}lss cfgGb cfp“5, g t cf“vf vf]n]/ Tof]

cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 g t xhf/ jf6sf] aQLd'lg a;]/ .
cfhklg To:t} eof] . ds} e'6]h:tf] kL=Pn= sf s'/f ;'g]kl5 pgnfO{

d2t ug{ sf]7fsf] c“Wof/f]df pkfox¿ Vff]lh/fv]sf lyP“ . cf“vf lrlDnP/
c“Wof/f] sf]7fdf a;L ljrf/ ubf{ub}{ dnfO{ nfUof], ;d:of rfx] 3/fo;L xf];\,
rfx] ;fdflhs jf /fhgLlts g} lsg gxf];\, To;nfO{ cjZo xn ug{
;lsG5 . ha d s'g} ;f]rdf, lrGtgdf lgdUg /xG5', To;a]nf xftsf] a'9L /
dfemL cf}+nfn] b'O{ cf“vfaLrsf]] gfs ;dfTb} lgwf/sf] dfemsf] cfwf O~rLeGbf
;fgf] 7fp“df bf];|f] cf}+nfn] /ul8/xG5' . dnfO{ nfU5, z/L/sf] Tof] ;fgf] efu
xfd|f] ;f]r, ljrf/ / lrGtgsf] s]Gb|laGb' xf] . ToxL+ sf/0fn] xf]nf, xfdL Toxf“
;w+} 6Lsf nufp5f}+ . Tof] cfwf O~rLeGbf ;fgf] efu ;f]rsf] cyfx ulx/fO
ePsf] ;fu/ xf] . Toxf“ cf}+nfn] 3f]6]/ ljrf/ u¥of] eg] cNnf2Lgsf] hfb'do
lr/fuaf6 ldNg] rdTsf/ h:t} cgluGtL rfdTsfl/s s'/fx¿ e]6\g ;lsG5 .
;nfOsf] ;fgf] sf“6Ldf cfuf] cGtlg{lxt x'G5 t/ a§fsf] d;nfdf g3f]6L
cfuf] lg:s+b}g . Sofns'n]6/ d]lzgdf h:tf] xfd|f] Tof] lgwf/sf] dxTjk"0f{
c¨df 6S6sfp“b} ljrf/ ug{ yfNg] xf] eg] ;f]rsf ljleGg pkfox¿ vf]tNg
;lsG5 .
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;f]r
kL=Pn= OdfGbf/ / d]xgtL /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ x'g\ . dnfO{ nfU5,

@)$^ ;fnsf] rflS;jf/Lsf] P]ltxfl;s /fhgLlts e]nfdf klg zfob kL=Pn=
sf] xf/x'/] ;xeflutf ge}lbPsf] eP Tof] ;Dej x'“b}gYof] xf]nf . t/ pgL;“u
;+ejtM s]xL kl/sNkgfx¿sf] sdL 5 / ljsf;sf cjwf/0ffnfO{ pgL Tolt
/fd|/L a'¤g ;Sb}gg\ . zfob ToxL sf/0fn] xf]nf, k|hftGq cfudgkZrft\
pgL cGof]ndf k/] . Pp6f uhasf] s'/f dnfO{ oxf“ n]Vg dg nfU5 . ha
u0f]zdfg zlQmdf cfP, k~rfotsfnsf Ps dGqLnfO{ pgs} cg'/f]wdf d}n]
kL=Pn=;“u lrghfg u/fOlbP“ . kL=Pn= n] tL k"j{dGqLnfO{ u0f]zdfg;dIf
k'¥ofP / Ps dlxgfkl5 t d}n] pgnfO{ ;w}+ u0f]zdfgsf] df]6/ xf“ls/x]sf]
b]Vg yfn]+ . zfob …klxn] efG;fdf cfuf] k'mSg k:g], clg la:tf/} sfg k'mSg],
kl5 k"hf sf]7fsf] z+v k'mSg]Ú of] /fhgLlts …tLgkm's]Ú kmd'{nf xf] ls † kl5
d}n] ;'g]+, pgL u0f]zdfgsf] cfzLjf{bn] sf+u|];sf] dGqL eP t/ kl5 pgL

klxn]sf] SofDk 5f]8]/ csf]{ SofDkdf ;dflxt x'“b} km]l/ dGqL aGg k'u] .
kL=Pn= h:tf] ;f]emf] k|hftGqjfbL sfo{stf{ x/fP/ hfg] / s'6gLlt hfGg]]x?
;w} ;lqmo eO/xg] . o;df s;}sf] bf]if 5}g . o:tf] …tLgk'ms]Ú /fhg}lts u'0f
g]kfndf dfq x}g, ;+;f/sf] ;a} d'n'sx?df rN5 / jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg]
/fhgLltdf kf}8L v]Ngsf] lgldQ of] v]n klg l;Sg' k5{ .
kL=Pn= OdfGbf/ /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ ePsf] x'“bf /fd|f ;Nnfx /

;'emfjx¿ lbOof] eg] zfob pgn] y'k|f] sfd ug{, u/fpg ;S5g\ eGg] dnfO{
ljZjf; lyof] . To;} cg'¿k d}n] d]o/sf x}l;otn] sf7df8f}+ gu/kflnsfl;t
ePsf] cfly{s ;|f]t / hgzlQmnfO{ kl/rfng u/]/ tTsfnLg, dWosfnLg /
bL3{sfnLg tl/sfn] s] s] sfd ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ Pp6f vfsf tof/ kf/]+ . tL
;'emfjx¿ lgtfGt JolQmut dfq ePeg] a9L k|efjsf/L gxf]nfg\ eg]/ d}n]
g]kfn ;Dkbf ;+3 / xf]6]n ;+3 g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf …nf}g s]xL u?“ †Ú
zLif{saf6 !)! j6f ;'emfjx¿ ;+sng u/]+ / tL vfsfx¿nfO{ b'O{6} ;+:yfaf6
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;f]r
kfl/t u/fO{ sf7df8f}+ gu/kflnsfdf k]z u/]+ . ;'emfjx¿ ljleGg zLif{s
cGtu{t tTsfnLg, dWosfnLg, bL3{sfnLg ¿kn] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] u/L
tof/ ul/Psf lyP . oL ;'emfjx¿ ;fwf/0f b]lvP tfklg Jofjxfl/s
b[li6sf]0fn] w]/} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . Toltv]/ lbOPsf em08}} rfnL; k|ltzt
;'emfjx¿ clxn] sfof{Gjog e}O;s]sf 5g\, h;nfO{ kf7sx¿n] klg cg'ej
ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . !)! ;'emfjx¿dWo] s]xL a'“bfx¿ d}n] oxf“ pNn]v u/]sf] 5'
h:t}M
====== kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng ug{sf nflu ljBdfg ;fwg, oGq tyf

pks/0fx¿ rfn' cj:yfdf /fVg] . olb gu/kflnsf;“u kof{Kt dfqfdf
pks/0f jf hgzlQm 5}gg\ eg] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sngsf] sfddf lghL If]qnfO{
7]Ssfdf lbg] ====== jiff{ ;'¿ x'g'eGbf cufl8 d]gxf]n, lgsf; cflbnfO{ ;kmf
ug]{, h;af6 jiff{tsf] a]nfdf 9n y'lgP/ ;d:of gcfj;\ ====== kmf]xf]/d}nf
hyfefjL kmfNg] ;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] lj/f]w ug{ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ -Social
Activists) ;d"x ljsf; ug]{ ======== s'lxg] hlt h}ljs kmf]xf]/x¿nfO{ k|f¨fl/s
dn agfpg], h}ljs v]tL (Organic Farming) ug]{ k|ljlwaf/] k|rf/—k|;f/ ug]{

====== Knfli6s emf]nfx¿ h:tf guNg] (Non-Biodegradable) j:t'x¿nfO{ k'gM
k|zf]wg u/fP/ kmf]xf]/d}nf /fVg df]6f] vfnsf …ufj]{h JofuÚ agfpg ;DalGwt
pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ / To:tf emf]nfx¿ gu/kflnsfaf6
gu/af;Lx¿nfO{ ;x'lnot b/df pknAw u/fpg] ======
;fj{hlgs 9'¨]wf/f, Ogf/, kf]v/L, s'jf, 3f6 cflbsf] nut /fVg] /

;do ;dodf :yfgLo JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofP/ :yfgLo
:t/af6} dd{t;+ef/ / ;+/If0f u/fpg] ====== k|zf;lgs emGem6af6 aRg /
gS;f kf; b:t"/ gltg{ gu/ aflx/ pBf]u :yfkgf ug]{ k|j[lQ al9/x]sf], ;fy}
pBf]u ljefu, 3/]n' tyf u|fdL0f pBf]u ljefu cflbn] jftfj/0fLo s'/fx¿
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;f]r
ljrf/ gu/L g} :jLs[lt lbg] x'“bf gu/ aflx/ pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ lb+bf
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt;“u ;dGjo /fv]/ dfq lbg' kg]{ ======
3/ agfpg / dd{t ug{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿ zx/leq Nofpg k/]df

/ftL !) ah]b]lv laxfg 5 ah];Dd ;fj{hlgs ;8sx¿df oftfoft cj/f]w
gu/fO{ cfºgf] 3/ cufl8 y'kfg'{ kg]{ ====== sf/ kfls{¨sf nflu sflGtkyl:yt
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] v'nf hUuf, n}grf}/sf] ;fj{hlgs :yn, g]kfn /fhsLo
k|1f k|lti7fgsf] kfls{¨ IF]qx¿df ;Mz'Ns kfls{¨sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg] ======
cfjfudgnfO{ afwf kfg]{ uf8Lx¿nfO{ l3;f/]/ kmfNg] (Tow) Joj:yf ug]{ ======
ljqmd 6]Dkf] h:tf jfo' k|b"if0f ug]{ c6f] l/S;fsf] /lhi6«]zg cljnDa aGb
ug]{ ====== nfvf} nfvsf] 6«s / a; lsGg]x¿nfO{ cfºg} Uof/]hsf] Joj:yf ug{
nufpg] ====== 6«s / a;x¿nfO{ l/ª/f]8sf] lsgf/df hyfefaL kfls{¨ ug{
lb+bf ;8s lau|g] / lxnf] hDd} ;8sdf NofP/ w"nf] p8fpg] x'“bf ;8s
lsgf/sf] kfls{¨ oyfzL3| /f]Sg] ====== /fli6«o ;efu[x k5fl8 / afuahf/df
/x]sf] a;kfs{n] oftfoft cj/f]w u/]sf] x'“bf To;nfO{ 6\ofS;L :6}08 jf …sf/
kfls{¨ hf]gÚ df kl/0ft ug]{ ====== 6\ofS;L :6}08 jf sf/ kfls{¨ hf]gsf]
Joj:yf ldnfpg] lhDd]jf/L lghL If]qx¿nfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbg] ====== k]6«f]n /
l8h]ndf dl§t]n ld;fpg] h:tf lgDg:t/Lo sfo{ t'?Gt lgoGq0f ug]{ ======
sf7df8f}+df xfn rln/x]sf ;a} uf8Lx¿af6 lg:sg] w“"jfsf] dfqf hf“r u/fO{
…lu|g l:6s/Ú nufPkl5 dfq rnfpg lbg] ====== 6«flkmssf] a9\bf] rfknfO{
b[li6ut u/L k|frLg b/af/ If]q, :joDe", 7d]n cflb If]qdf PstkmL{
oftfoftsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== l/slG8;G8 uf8Lx¿sf] cfoftdf k|ltaGw
nufpg] jf o:tf uf8Lx¿sf] cfoftdf gof“ ;/x g} eG;f/ z'Ns lng] ======
6\ofS;Ldf kf“r hgfeGbf a9L ofq'x¿ /fVg glbg] ====== ldq/fi6«x¿af6
cfpg] 6'l/i6 a;x¿sf] w'“jfsf] hf“r (Emmision Test) u/fPkl5 dfq
sf7df8f}+leq Nofpg lbg] ====== /flq a;x¿sf lglDt rqmky aflx/ 5'§} a;
kfs{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== rqmkydf af“ofaf6 (Clockwise) / bf“ofaf6
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;f]r
(Anti-clock wise) a; ?6 ;+rfng u/fpg] / hlt b"/L ofqf u/]tfklg Pp6}
cf};tdfg ef8f b/ sfod ug]{ ====== 6\ofS;L / a;x¿sf] cj:yf /fd|f]
/fVgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ :k]o/ kf6{;\ k"hf{x¿ Go"gtd dx;'ndf cfoft
ug]{ Joj:yf u/fpg] ====== 6\ofS;Lx¿sf] cfoftdf Go"gtd dx;'n dfq lng],
To;af6 cfd hgtfnfO{ gof“ 6\ofS;L r9\g kfpg] ;x'lnot k|fKt
x'g]5 ======;+ul7t ¿kaf6 /flq 6\ofS;L ;]jf ;+rfng ug{nfO{ lghL If]qnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
/fgLkf]v/L—6'+l8v]n If]qdf /Tgkfs{, v'nf d~r PsLs[t u/L Tof]

IF]qnfO{ Pp6f a[xb\ kfs{sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ ====== /fgLkf]v/L—jL/ xl:k6n
6«flkms Joj:yf a9L k|efjsf/L / cfjfudgnfO{ ;'ljwfhgs ug{ clxn]
e}/x]sf] ;8ssf] bfof“ afof“sf s]xL hldgx¿ clwu|/0f u/]/ 6'+l8v]nsf]
rf/}lt/sf] ;8snfO{ rf}8f kfg]{ ======
;fj{hlgs zf}rfno Jofjxfl/s tl/sfn] ;+rfng ug{ zf}rfno;“u}

PsLs[t ¿kdf Pp6f k;n klg hf]l8Psf] Toilet cum shop complex sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ / zf}rfno;lxtsf] ;f] k;n lnhdf ;+rfng ug{ lbg] . o;
lsl;dsf] Joj:yf ubf{ 7]s]bf/n] cfºgf] k;naf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug{ zf}rfno
;kmf ug'{ kg]{ afWotf x'G5 . ;+rfnsn] zf}rfnosf nflu rflxg] cGo ;a}
Joj:yf h:t}M 6\jfOn]6 k]k/, ?dfn, lgoldt kfgLsf] klg Joj:yf cflbdf
nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ====== /]i6'/f“, l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/x¿sf] nfO;]G; lng
cfp“bf kfls{ª / zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ sfg"gL k|fjwfg /fVg] =============
;fj{hlgs :ynx¿ Jff cfºg} :jfldTjdf /x]sf v'nf 7fp“x¿df ;6/ /fvL
k;n yfk]/ cfGtl/s cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] s'g}klg ;/sf/L,
u}/;/sf/L / :jo+ gu/kflnsfn] zx/ leqsf] v'nf hUuf cltqmd0f ug{
glbg] ====== sf7df8f}+sf] ;fgf] 6'+l8v]n, eQmk'/sf] 6'+l8v]n, ;Nnf3f/L h:tf
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;f]r
/d0fLo ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿nfO{ v'nf ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu
pkof]udf Nofpg] .
l/ª/f]8 rf/}lt/sf] lu|ga]N6sf] hUufdf g;{/L /fVg rfxg]x¿nfO{

hUuf jxfndf lbP/ k"mnjf/L tyf au}+rfsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t u/L dfnLx¿n]
klg k"mn a]r]/ k};f sdfpg ;Sg] / sf7df8f}+sf] ef}lts :j¿kdf klg
;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpg] ePsf] x'“bf ;f]sf] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== tLgs'g] /
c¿ 6«flkms cfONof08 h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿sf] x]/rfx, dd{t—
;+ef/sf] lhDdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf OR5's lghL If]qsf pBf]ux¿nfO{ lbg]
Joj:yf ldnfpg] ====== dd{t;+ef/ u/]jfkt kmnfgf pBf]usf] ;f}hGoaf6 o;
;fj{hlgs :yfgsf] Joj:yf ePsf] egL ;f]xL If]qdf Kn]sf8{ /fVg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] ======;fj{hlgs 6]lnkmf]g a"ysf] Joj:yf ldnfpg s'g} OR5's k;n]
jf ;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ cGo JolQmx¿nfO{ lbg] / pQm k;n jf kmd{n]
;fj{hlgs 6]lnkmf]gsf] ;fOgaf]8{ 6fUg' kg]{ ====== ;8ssf] bfof“—afof“ t/sf/L
a]Rg glbg] . o;sf] ;§f axfn jf rf]s jf s'g} pko'Qm 7fp“ tf]lsg' kg]{ .
axfnx¿ jf rf]sx¿df o; lsl;dsf] Joj:yf ePdf rf]s, axfnsf]
ljsf;sf nflu jf sd cfo ePsf kl/jf/x¿sf nflu s]xL cfly{s
;xof]ux¿;d]t k'Ug ;S5 . P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f“:s[lts d"No / dfGotfdf
cf“r gcfpg] u/L axfn / rf]s If]qsf] k|of]u ubf{ :yfgLo Sna jf
;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
lji0f'dtL, afudtL gbL t6nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ t6aGw u/L wfld{s :ynsf]

;+/If0f ug]{, afudtL t6 bfof“ afof“ j[If/f]k0f ug]{ / kfs{ agfpgsf nflu
u'?of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ ====== laB't zjbfxu[x (Crematorium) lgdf{0f ug]{tk{m
cljnDa sfo{jfxL rnfO{ To;nfO{ rfn' ug]{ ====== ;fj{hlgs ck/fw ug]{
s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ ;hfo lb+bf c¿nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg o;/L ;hfo lbOPsf]
ljifonfO{ k|rf/—k|;f/ ug]{ .
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;f]r
;“fu'/f] uNnLdf agfOg] 3/x¿nfO{ klg $% kmL6eGbf cUnf] agfpg

glbg] lsgeg] ;f“u'/f] 7fp“df aGg] 3/x¿sf] hu sdhf]/ x'g] ePsfn] ;fgf]
e'O“rfnf]df klg eTs]/ 3/kltnfO{ dfq ge} c¿sf] ;d]t Ho"wgsf] gf]S;fgL
x'g ;S5 ===== vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t / zf}rfnon] g} wfGg g;Sg] u/L Pp6} 3/df
a9L JolQmx¿nfO{ axfn glbg] ====== e"—pkof]lutfsf cfwf/df eljiodf
zx/Ls/0f a9fpbf kxf8L If]qsf] ;LdfGt hUuf, h'g s[lifof]Uo 5}g, Toxf“
aflx/L rqmky agfP/ zx/Ls/0fsf] of]hgfa4 ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg] ======
sf7df8f}+nfO{ …u]|6/ sf7df8f}+Ú sf] :j¿k lbg bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfpg] ======
e"—pkof]lutfsf] cfwf/df cfj; If]q, Jofkfl/s IF]q, xl/tIf]q tyf s[lif
If]qsf] cjwf/0ff sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf t'?Gt} nfu" ug]{, o;sf nflu tLgj6}
gu/kflnsfn] ;DalGwt lgsfox¿l;t a;]/ of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ .
P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf lghL 3/, b/af/x¿sf] 3/ hUuf s/ ldgfxf ug]{

jf sd ug]{ / tL P]ltxfl;s ejgnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/ jf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿sf] gof“ sfof{nosf nflu jxfndf lng] / ;f] ejgsf] ;+ef/ /
;+/If0fsf lgldQ cfjZos sbd rfNg] ====== sf7df8f}+sf k'/ftflTjs
:df/s:yn (Monmument Core Area) sf] k/Dk/fut jf:t'snf (Vernacular
Architecture) sf] df}lnstfnfO{ sfod ug{ ;8s bfof“—afof“ 3/sf] afx\o
cfs[lt (Facade) nfO{ g]kfnL z}nLdf g} sfod /fVg]x¿nfO{ ;'ky df]ndf sf7
/ O{+6f pknAw u/fOlbg] ====== 3/wgLn] 3/leq ;'ljwfhgs ¿kdf OR5f
cg';f/ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ ;Sb5 t/ 3/sf] afx\o cfs[ltnfO{ dd{t jf
k'glg{df{0f ubf{ g]kfnL z}nL sfod ug]{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] ====== k|To]s 6f]ndf
;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ====== sfnfGt/df sf7df8f}+nfO{
dxfgu/df kl/0ft ug'{kg]{ ====== clxn] ufp“x¿df clgolGqt ¿kaf6
pBf]ux¿, 3/x¿ wdfwd aGb} 5g\, h'g kl5 of]hgfj4 ljsf;sf nflu 7"nf]
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cj/f]w x'g ;Sb5g\ . To;sf/0f ufp“ If]qdf 3/x¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ pko'Qm
dfkb08 cg';f/ gSzf kf; u/fpg' kg]{ afWotf ug]{ .
6«flGh:6/ / ;fOsn h:tf ;fdfGo j:t'sf] s/ p7fpg' cJofjxfl/s

ePsf] x'“bf ;fgf ;|f]tx¿eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]tx¿df dfq s/ p7fpg],
sf7df8f}+sf] ljsf;sf nflu cgluGtL cfly{s r'gf}tLx¿ ;fdgf ug{
gu/kflnsfn] Pp6f …gu/ ;+/If0f sf]ifÚ sf] :yfkgf ug]{, h;df :yfgLo
pBdL, ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 :yfgLo cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ jf
sf7df8f}+ arfcf}+ lr¶f (Save Kathmandu Lottery) ;+rfng u/]/ pQm sf]ifdf
/sd hDdf ug],{ sfi7d08k h:tf dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s Pj+ ko{6g :ynnfO{
;]tf] xfQLsf ¿kdf dfq g/fvL k'/ftTj ljefu;“u ;dGjo /fv]/ OR5's
pBdLx¿af6 /]i6'/]G6, ;+u|xfno, cf6{ Uofn/L cflb ;+rfng u/fP/
Joj:yfkgsf] ;fy;fy} To:tf P]ltxfl;s ejgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{
u/fpg] .
tLg} zx/df e'm08\ofOPsf Jofkfl/s t'n, Jofg/, kf]i6/ /

lgjf{rgtfsf n]lvPsf u|fk]m6L, leQ] n]vfO t'?Gt x6fpg] ====== zx/sf
;+j]bgzLn rf}af6f] / kvf{nsf bfof“ afof“ pQ]lht u|fk]m6Lx¿ tyf
/f]df~rsf/L lrqx¿n] ubf{ zx/dfq g/fd|f] geO{, rfnsx¿sf] Wofg
ljs]lGb|t eO{ b'3{6gf;d]t x'g] u5{g\ . zx/sf] vDaf vDafdf krf;—;f7L
¿k}of“sf] ;:tf] t'ndf lj1fkg ug]{ / tL t'n dlxgf+};Dd 3fd, kfgL, xfjfn]
vfP/, dlSsP/ e'mqf] x'“bf klg e'm08fpg]x¿n] glgsfNg] / To;af6 zx/sf]
…:sfOnfOgÚ sf] :j¿k czf]egLo x'g]x'“bf t'?Gt lgsfNg nufpg] / u|fk]m6L
kf]i6/ krf{, …xf]l8{ª af]8{Ú / Jofg/ e'mG8\ofpg glbg], g]kfnL z}nLdf agfOPsf
9'¨f, O{+6f / sf7sf ejg / kvf{nx¿df Ogfd]n jf /+u nufO{ n]lvPsf
u|fk]m6L kl5 d]6\g c;+ej x'g] x'“bf s'g}klg xfntdf Toxf“ n]Vg glbg] ======
lglZrt 7fp“x¿df dfq gu/kflnsfn] lj1fkgbftfx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t /
;+:yfut ¿kdf of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] z'Ns lnO{ xf]l8¨ af]8{ /fVg lbg] gLlt
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ckgfpg] ====== /fhgLlts gf/fsf nflu x/]s j8fx¿df 5'§f5'§} …hg—cfjfh
k|s6:ynÚ sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
/ut 6lKsg] ul/sg vk{g, 8f]sf] jf l/S;fdf df;'sf 7"N7"nf ;fk|f

h:tf c¨x¿ v'nf ¿kdf n}hfg] b[Zo c;Eo Pj+ nHhfhgs ePsf] x'“bf
gu/kflnsfn] o:tf] tl/sfaf6 df;' cf];f/k;f/ ug{ t'?Gt} aGb]h

nufpg] ====== df;' Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df n}hfbf sk8fn] 9fs]/ jf cGo
s'g} ;Eo tl/sf ckgfO{ n}hfg afWo u/fpg] ====== k;n aflx/ /f+uf] jf
v;Lsf] 6fpsf] jf cGo c+ux¿sf] k|bz{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cljnDa lgif]w u/L
k;n leqdfq /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== vfB kbfy{x¿ hfnLleq /fVg' kg]{,
df;' sf6\g] / a]Rg] 7fp“x¿df ;/;kmfO{, :jR5tf cflbsf] ljz]if Vofn /fVg'
kg],{ jwzfnf (Slaughter House) sf] Joj:yf ug]{ cflb s'/fx¿nfO{
gu/kflnsfn] cljnDa Wofg lbg] . o;sf nflu cfjZos tflnd, k|lzIf0f
lbg], lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== s's'/x¿nfO{ ljif
v'jfP/ dfg'{eGbf lgof]hg ug]{ jf Eofg jf 6«sdf zx/ aflx/ nu]/ ;'O{ lbP/
d'5f{ kf/L gi6 ug{] / kl5 Incinerator df /fvL gi6 ug]{ k|lqmofsf] qmdzM
Joj:yf ldnfp“b} hfg] ====== d/]sf kz'x¿sf] l;gf] w]/} lbg;Dd Tolts}
/xgfn] jftfj/0f k|b"lift x'g] x'“bf To:tf] l;gf] cljnDa ;+s6sfnLg afxgdf
/fvL uf8\g] jf hnfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ====== ;8sdf hyfefjL lx+l8/x]sf
5f8f kz'x¿sf nflu sf7df8f}+ aflx/ sf~hLxfp; jf uf}zfnfsf] Joj:yf
ug]{ ====== 5f8f ufO{uf]?sf] lnnfd k|lqmof ;/n kf/L cf—cfºgf] j8fsf 5f8f
ufO{ uf]?x¿nfO{ lnnfd laqmL ug]{ clwsf/ j8f k|d'vnfO{ lbg] ====== d"n
;8sdf cfjfudgnfO{ g} afwf kfg]{ u/L wfg, ux'“, v';f{gL / un}+rfsf]
pmg;d]t ;'sfpg] k|j[lQ a9\g yfn]sf]n] o;nfO{ tTsfn aGb ug]{ ====== kljq
wfld{s :ynx¿df ljb]zL ko{6sx¿ b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ hf“bf k/Dk/fut
rngnfO{ dof{lbt agfpg wfld{s :ynx¿df bfof“af6 b]jtfnfO{ 3'Dg],
cw{gUg eO{ ghfg], h'Qf nufP/ leq gk:g], k"hfdf Jo:t JolQm / wfld{s
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;f]r
k"hf—cfhfsf] hyfefjL t:jL/ lvRg glbg] h:tf s'/fx¿ pNn]v u/L ;"rgf
kf6L 6f“:g] ====== ldq/fi6«af6 cfPsf ckf¨ / levduGt]x¿nfO{ ;Ldfgfkfl/
kmsf{pg] Joj:yf ug]{ ====== pk/f]Qm k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug{ gu/kflnsfn]
cfºg} k|x/L / ;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ cflb—OToflb .
kL=Pn= n] eg]/ d}n] sf7df8f}+ gu/kflnsfsf nflu cj}tlgs ¿kn]

tof/ ul/lbPsf] Ps ;o Ps a'“b] ænf}g s]xL u/f}+ †Æ sf] k|:tfjgf pgnfO{
lb+bf d cToGt cfzfjfbL ePsf] lyP“ . t/ b'O{ dlxgf;Dd klg kL=Pn= n] Tof]
k'l:tsf k9]s} /x]g5g\ . d}n] af/Daf/ pgnfO{ k|:tfj / ;'emfjx¿ s:tf]

nfUof] eg]/ ;f]Wg vf]h]sf] lyP“ . Ps t pgsf] 6]lnkmf]gdf ;Dks{ g}
x'“b}gYof] . slxn]sfxL+ kf6L{df e]6 eOxfNof] eg] klg …c“ 7Ls 5, /fd|} 5Ú
eGy] . t/ dnfO{ yfxf lyof] pgn] Tof] k9]s} lyPgg\ .
dgnfO{ s'g} klg ;f“rf]df 9fNg ;ls+bf]/x]5 . Pslbg k|bLk lu/L, 8f=
bfdf]b/ kf]v/]n, 8f= w'|j zdf{ / d lrtjgsf] gf/fo0fL gbLkf/Lsf] /d0fLo
u}+8fsf]6df a;]/ …cfk"m k|wfgdGqL ePsf] eP s] u5'{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5Ú eGb}
/dfOnf] 5nkmn ul//x]sf lyof}+ . k|bLk lu/LnfO{ d}n] JolQmut ¿kn] Tolt
/fd|/L lrg]sf] lyOg“ . pxf“ 8f= w'|j zdf{sf] …n+uf}l6of of/Ú x'g'x'“bf]/x]5 .
8f= kf]v/]n, w'|j zdf{ / d aL=kL= SofG;/ c:ktfn ;+rfns ;ldltsf] ;b:o
ePsf] x'“bf c:ktfns} :jfldTjdf /x]sf] u}+8fsf]6sf] u]i6xfp;df ;do—
;dodf uO/xGYof}+ . dgf]/d gf/fo0fL gbLsf] klZrdL lsgf/df cjl:yt
u}+8fsf]6sf] pQm lj>fd 3/ ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf g} la|l6z OlGhlgo/x¿n]
agfPsf /x]5g\ . u}+8fsf]6 ufp“sf] glhs ePklg k|z:t h¨n ePsfn]] em08}
b]p3f6 h:t} b]lvGYof] Tof] 7fp“ . k|z:t r/fr'?¨L, gbLsf] cfjfh clg
dgf]/d h¨n . l;h{gfxLg JolQm klg oxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf ;[hgzLn eP/
cfpnfh:tf] nfU5 . c:ktfn ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s ;s]kl5 8f= kf]v/]n,
8f= w'|j zdf{ / d}n] u}+8fsf]6sf] u]i6xfp;df k|bLk lu/LnfO{ e]6\of}+ . 8fOlgª
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xnd} Pp6f 7"nf] kmfo/ Kn]; 5 . hf8f]ofddf kmfo/ Kn];df cfuf] afNb} k]ml/
To:t}— of] ePg, Tof] ePg h:tf tkl;nsf s'/fx¿df xfdL cNdlng k'Uof}+ .
8f= w'|j zdf{ k]zfn] 8fS6/ ePklg laxfg p7]b]lv g;'t];Dd /fhgLltsf]
e"tn] pxf“nfO{ slxn] 5f]8\b}gYof] . sf+u|]; kf6L{df x'g'x'GYof] pxf“ / sf+u|];
leqs} Pp6f u'6df w]/} ;lqmo x'g'x'GYof] . 8f= zdf{ / k|bLk lu/L zfob Pp6}
v]dfsf x'g'x'GYof] . lu/Lsf] s'/f ;'Gbf hlt;'s} af}l4s b]lvP klg dnfO{ pxf“
Tolt Jofjxfl/s nfu]g . dnfO{ nfUof] pxf“ ctL{ lbg ;Sg'xf]nf t/ sfd ug{
pxf“nfO{ uf¥xf] knf{ . /fhgLlts jftf{nfks} qmddf d}n] k|bLk lu/Lsf] lghL
cjwf/0ff / kl/sNkgf hfGg vf]h]+ . To;sf nflu d}n] Pp6f v]n /r]+ .
æP;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf lgaGw n]v]h:t} …olb d k|wfgdGqL ePsf] eP s] uy]{Ú
eGg] ljifodf xfdLn] ;f]¥x a'“b] k|fyldstf tof/ u?“ g,Æ d}n] k|:tfj /fv]+ .
l8«ª\sn] clncln xfdL ;a}nfO{ ttfO;s]sf] lyof] . d b'O{ k]ueGbf a9L

slxNo} vf“lbg t}klg cln a9L vfPsf] gf6s ug{yfn] . cflv/ d}n] k|bLk
lu/LnfO{ pS;fpg' lyof] . d eGb} uP“, æk|bLkhL, tkfO{+sf ;/sf/ la/f]wL
s'/fx¿ t w]/} ;'Gof}+, ca of] s'/fnfO{ 5f8f}+, tkfO{+ k|wfgdGqL ePsf] eP s]
ug{ ;Sg'x'GYof], n eGg';\ .Æ 8f= w'|j zdf{nfO{ t clncln l8«ª\s nflu;s]sf]
lyof] . …n d eG5'Ú eGbfeGb} pxf“n] rf/—kf“r j6f s'/f klg eGg ;Sg'ePg .
d k|wfgdGqL eP of] of] ug{ ;S5' elgg;Sb} 8f= zdf{ cfºgf] lj/f]wLsf]
cfnf]rgf ul/xfNg' x'GYof] . To;kl5 k|bLk lu/Lsf] kfnf] cfof] . pxf“n] cfºgf]
Ph]08f g} eGg rfxg'ePg . d}n] d]/f] kf;f]af6 pxf“nfO{ pDsg lbOg . pxf“sf]
kl5kl5 nfu]/ Pp6}dfq s'/f ;dft]+, æxf]Og k|bLkhL, tkfO{+sf] c¿ s'/f w]/}
;'g,]+ ca eGg';\ tkfO{+ k|wfgdGqL eP s] s] ug'{x'G5 <Æ æd o:tf
xfOkf]y]lz;sf s'/f ug{ rfxGg,Æ xf“;]/ pxf“n] eGg'eof] . clg d}n] eg]+,
…To;f]eP d eg"“ t olb d k|wfgdGqL ePsf] eP s] u5'{Ú . ;a}n] …n === n
eGg';\Ú eg] . d}n] pxf“x¿nfO{ jrga4 u/fP“ / eg]+, …x]gf]{;\ d]/f] Pp6f
sdhf]/L 5 . dnfO{ aLrdf g6f]Sgf];\ / d}n] af]Ng] a]nf d]/f] cf“vfdf
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;f]r
x]l/lbg';\ . s;}n] d]/f] cf“vfdf cf“vf h'wfPg eg] d s'/f ug{ ;lSbg“,
To;nfO{ cGoyf gdfGg'xf]nf .Ú
To;kl5 pgLx¿sf] cf“vfdf x]b}{ d}n] jL;—kRrL;j6f d]/f]

cjwf/0ffsf s'/fx¿ ;'gfP“ . /dfOnf] jftfj/0fn] xf] jf k|bLk lu/Lsf]
pkl:yltn] ag]sf] af}l4s kl/j]zsf] k|efjn] xf], d}n] ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf s'/fx¿
d]/f] d'vaf6 v//{ cfP . ;a}n] Ps zAb gaf]nL PslrQ eP/ ;'lg/xg'eof] .
aLr aLrdf 8f= w'|j zdf{ r'Na'n eO{ otfptf lx+8] tfklg pxf“n] d]/} s'/f
;'lg/fVg' ePsf] x'GYof] . /ftL P3f/ ah] xfdL ;a} ;'Tg uof}+ . Tof] /ft dnfO{
lgGb|f nfu]g . d k|wfgdGqL ePsf] eP s]—s] ug]{5' eg]/ h]h:tf s'/f d}n]
k|bLk lu/L, w'|j zdf{nfO{ eg]+, jf:tjdf tL s'/f lgs} dggof]Uoh:tf] nfUof] .
s'/f ubf{ub{} Ps}rf]l6 Tolt w]/} kl/sNkgfx¿ d]/f] dgdf s;/L cfP, d}n]
7Dofpg} ;lsg“ . ef]lnkN6 zfob lal;{OG5 eg]/ d}n] 5nkmndf h]—h] s'/f
p7fPsf] lyP“, ToxL /ft tL ;a} s'/f 8fo/Ldf n]v]+ . ha z]/axfb'/ b]pjf
klxnf]kN6 k|wfgdGqL x'g'eof], d}n] Tof] cjwf/0ff kq pxf“nfO{ k7fPsf] lyP“ .
k9\g' eof], ePg – yfxf 5}g . k|:tfjdf d}n] n]v]sf] lyP“ æd k|wfgdGqL
ePsf] s] uy]{ t <Æ
-!_ /fhwfgL /fi6«sf] lbdfu xf] . lbdfunfO{ lgoGq0f gul/sg c¿ oGq

rNg ;Sb}gg\, /fhwfgLsf] af}l4s zlQmnfO{ ljZjf;df glnOsg
k|wfgdGqLn] c¿ sfd ug{ ;Q}mg t;y{ Ps jif{leq} t'?Gt} k|ltkmn
b]lvg] sfdx¿ ;DalGwt ljefu jf gu/kflnsfcGtu{t u/fP/
/fhwfgLsf] :j¿k kl/jt{g ug{ vf]H5' . To:tf sfddf hgtfn]
k|ToIf b]Vg] u/L cfºgf] ;xeflutf hgfpg]5' .
-@_ krf/ xhf/ ¿k}of“ tna lbP/ /fd|f] af]Ng ;Sg], n]Vg ;Sg] cfsif{s
JolQmTj ePsf] Pshgf …xfOnL SjflnkmfO8Ú ;]q]m6/L /fV5', d]/f]
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;f]r
;do Joj:yfkg -Time management_ ug{, kL=cf/= /fVg / d]/f
lgb]z{ gx¿ cg'udg ug{ / Tof] dflg; u}/ /fhg}lts dflg; x'g]5 .
-#_ laxfg 5 ah] p7]/, c¿ dflg; dsxf“ cfpg'eGbf klxn] k|ltkIfL
bnsf g]tf, cfºg} kf6L{sf g]tfsf] 3/df Ps Ps sk lrgL gePsf]
sfnf] lrof vfg hfGy]+ .
-$_ cfk"mn] ug{ vf]h]sf] / k|ltkIfn] o;f]o;f] ug'{k5{ eg]sf Pp6f—b'O{6f
sfd ul/lbP/ lj/f]wLsf] dg / OHht lhTg vf]Hy+] .
-%_ lgjf;:yfgdf Pp6f ;"rgf kf6L e'mG8\ofp“y] …d s;}sf] lghL
:jfy{sf s'/f ;'lGbg“, cfºgf] :jfy{sf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] dsxf“ gcfpg"Ú
eGg] n]lvPsf] x'GYof] Tof] kf6L{df .
-^_ laxfg Ps306fdfq d aflx/sf dfG5]l;t e]6\5' . csf]{ Ps306f d
PSn} clkm;df a:5', lbgel/sf] vfsf tof/ u5'{, s;nfO{ s] u/fpg'
kg]{ / eGg' kg]{ xf], Tof] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 laxfg} u5'{ / u/fp“5' .
-&_ l;+xb/af/ hfg] a]nf On]lS6«s ;kmf 6]Dkf]df emG8f kmk{m/fP/ hfG5' /
;/sf/ k|b"if0fk|lt lrlGtt 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbG5' .
-*_ l;+xb/af/ jf sxL+ hf“bf af6f]df s;}n] l;g]dfsf] kf]i6/ 6f“l;/x]sf]
b]v]+ eg] d]/f] em08fjfn uf8L ;8ssf] ;fO8df /f]S5' . uf8Laf6
cf]n{G5' clg leQfdf kf]i6/ 6f“:g] Tof] JolQmnfO{ /f]S5' / cfk}+mn] bz

;]s]08 ;do lbO{ kf]i6/ lgsfN5' . Tolt ubf{ub}{ Toxf“ dflg;x¿
e'mlDdg]5g\ . cfOGbf Tof] s]6fn] To;/L kf]i6/ slxNo} 6f“:b}g, Toxf“
e]nf ePsf ;a}n] …cf]xf] † Sof k|wfgdGqL /x]5, cfk}+mn] cfP/ leQf
;kmf u/]5Ú eGg]5g\ . Tof] s'/f Ps sfg b'O{ sfg d}bfg x'g]5 .
;~rf/hut\n] klg k|wfgdGqLsf] sfo{k|lt k|z+;f ug]{5 . hgtfsf]
cf:yf glhltsg k|wfgdGqL aGg ;lsb}g .
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;f]r
-(_ k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf k'Ugf;fy cfºgf] kL=P= nfO{ cl3 af6f]df s'g
sDkgL jf s'g l;g]df xnn] kf]i6/ 6f“;]sf] lyof], Tof] xn dflns jf
ºofS6«Lsf dflnsnfO{ 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ufnL ug{ nufp“5' / r]tfjgL lbg
nufp“5' cfOGbf Tof] sDkgLsf] jf xnjfnfsf] kf]i6/ ;fj{hlgs
7fp“df 6f“l;Psf] b]lvof] eg] ;hfo x'g]5 . k|wfgdGqL sfof{noaf6
To:tf] kmf]g cfof] eg] xn dflns / ;fx'n] eljiodf hyfefjL kf]i6/
6f“;]/ zx/nfO{ kmf]xf]/ ug]{ cf“6 ub}{gg\ . of] sfd ug{ dnfO{ xKtfsf]
bz ;]s]08 klg nfUb}g .
-!)_ bz ah]b]lv b'O{ ah];Dd d ;/sf/L / dlGqkl/ifb\sf sfdx¿ dfq
uy+]{ / lg0f{o lnGy+] .
-!!_ b'O{ ah]b]lv tLg ah];Dd ;DalGwt ;lrjx¿nfO{ e]6\y+], ;lrj e]6\g]
qmddf d]/f] sfof{nodf 306f}+;Dd rfs8L ahfP/ s'/]/ a:g]
;lrjnfO{ d xsf/]/ k7fp“y]+ .
-!@_ d k|wfgdGqL x'gf;fy Pp6f lj1lKt lgsfN5' . To;df n]lvPsf]
x'g]5, …d cfOGbf s'g}klg ;df/f]xdf efu lnGg, s'g} klg lbjfef]hdf
hf“lbg, olb bfOhf] lbg'kg]{ ef]hdf af]nfPsf] 5 eg] d]/f] kL=P= nfO{
k7fp“5' t/ h'ga]nf;Dd d k|wfgdGqL x'G5', To;a]nf;Dd ef]h
et]/df hfGg .Ú
-!#_ d]/f] lgjf;:yfgdf slxNo} klg, s'g} klg sldzg Ph]G6 tyf
ljjfbf:kb JolQmnfO{ leq l5g{ lbGg .
-!$_ ;d"xdf e]6\g cfpg]x¿nfO{ ;aeGbf klxn] ;DalGwt dGqfnodf

k7fp“5' . Toxf“af6 lrQ a'e]mg eg]dfq pgLx¿nfO{ dsxf“ cfpg
lbg]5' t/ s'/f ug]{ a]nf d ;DalGwt dGqL / ;lrjnfO{ klg /fV5' .
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;f]r
-!%_ k|wfgdGqL x'gf;fy Psrf]l6sf nflu dfq eg]/ k|wfgdGqL aG5'
tfls ddf bf];|f] rf]l6 k|wfgdGqL aGg] nfn;fn] c¿nfO{ v';L kfg]{
sfd gxf];\ / d /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿sf] v]nf}gf aGg' gk/f];\ .
-!^_ Psrf]l6 k|wfgdGqL e};s]kl5 kf6L{ / hgtfn] dnfO{ k]ml/ k|wfgdGqL
ag\ eg]kl5 dfq Tof] kb u|x0f ug]{5' eg]/ lj1lKt lgsfNy+] .
-!&_ d xKtfsf] Pslbg kl/jf/sf ;fy labf dgfpg hfG5' . lbdfunfO{
cf/fd lbG5', dgnfO{ zLtn kf5'{, cf“vf lrlDnP/ lbdfusf] 9f]sf
vf]N5', ljsf;sf cjwf/0ff / /fhgLlts ultljlwnfO{ ;DxfNg]
tf}/tl/sf vf]H5' t/ lg0f{o ubf{ cfTdfn] h] eG5, Tof] u5'{ .
-!*_ sf7df8f}+df 6\ofS;L / ;/sf/L uf8L afx]s ;Dk"0f{ lghL uf8Lx¿nfO{
hf]/—ljhf]/sf] lx;fjaf6 rnfpg] lgod agfp“5' .
-!(_ xKtfsf] Pslbgdfq labf lbG5' . zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/ ljleGg
sfof{nox¿nfO{ kfn} kfnf] u/L labfsf] Joj:yf u5'{ .
-@)_ 6«flkms ;d:ofsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L sfof{no—
x¿sf] clkm; vf]Ng] / aGb x'g] ;do tflnsfdf km/s kf5'{ .
-@!_ ;df/f]x, ;Dd]ng, pb\3f6g, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cflbsf nflu Pp6f
k|jQmf Pj+ ;df/f]x dGqL agfP/ k7fpg]5' . ;/sf/L gLltsf s'/fx¿
p;n] ug]{5 t/ ;f] ;df/f]xdf cGo dGqL / ;lrjx¿nfO{ efu lng
k|ltaGw nufpg]5' .
-@@_ ;DalGwt dGqL;lrjnfO{ s'g} ;Dd]ngdf efu lng hfg' k¥of] eg]
uf]i7Lsf] ;'? b]lv cGTo;Dd ga;L cfºgf] eGg'kg]{ s'/f jf efif0f
v'?Ss l;WofP/ ;'¿Ss cfºgf] sfof{nodf kms{g] s8f cfb]z lbG5' .
-@#_ dlxgfsf] Psrf]l6 ;Dk"0f{ dGqLx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ k|wfgdGqL lgjf;df
d / d]/L >LdtL cfk}+mn] k:s]/ ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu bfneft
v'jfp“y] .
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;f]r
-@$_ tLg dlxgfsf] Psrf]l6 ljkIfL kf6L{ tyf cfºg} kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox¿nfO{ af]nfP/ /fhgLlts tf/tDo ldnfpg bfneft
v'jfp“y] .
-@%_ k|wfgdGqL lgjf;df d slxNo} ljb]zL /S;L …;e{Ú ug{ lbGg . h]
v'jfP klg g]kfnd} pd|]sf] / g]kfnd} agfPsf] k]o jf vfB kbfy{
dfq v'jfp“5' .
-@^_ 6\o"zg /fVg' k/]klg d d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ;/sf/L :s"nd}
k9fp“5' .
-@&_ dlxgfsf] tLgrf]l6 d eG;f/, c:ktfn, ljZjljBfnoh:tf
;+j]bgzLn sfof{nox¿sf] cfsl:ds lg/LIf0f ug{ hfG5' .
enfs';f/L u5{' . lg/LIf0fsf qmddf olb sfof{nodf /fv]sf 6]a'nx¿
kmf]xf]/ 5g\ eg] Pp6f sk8f lnP/ cfk}+m k'l5lbG5' / h'g clws[tsf]
Tof] 6]a'n xf], Tof] clws[tnfO{ cfTdUnflgsf] cg'e"lt u/fp“5' . of]
s'/f c8\8fel/ km}ng]5 / cfk"m a:g] 6]a'n ;kmf /fVg'k5{ eGg] Pp6f
;“f:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g]5 .
-@*_ dlxgfsf] Psrf]6L 6]lnlehg / /]l8of]df hgtfnfO{ cfºgf] eGg' kg]{
;a}s'/f lbn vf]n]/ OdfGbfl/k"j{s eG5' / x/]s dlxgf cfk"mn] s] ug{
;lsG5 sd;]sd bz—af¥x j6f ePklg of] of] ljsf;sf sfdx¿
u5'{ eg]/ k|lt1f u5'{ / csf]{ dlxgfsf] d]/f] efif0fdf d}n] k|lt1f
u/]sf sfdx¿sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg hgtf;fd' /fV5' / Ps—b'Oj6f ug{
;lsg“ eg] hgtf;“u Ifdf dfU5' .
-@(_ Psrf]6L hgtfn] dnfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/]kl5 dnfO{
sf]xLl;t klg 8/fpg kg]{ cfjZostf kb}{g . g t d ljkIfLl;t
8/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 g t d cfºg} kf6L{l;t . /]nnfO{ Psrf]6L lnudf
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;f]r
/fVg ;Sof] eg] /fHosf] /]n rnfpg uf¥xf] x'“b}g . e'm6 af]n]/
/fhgLlts sfo{stf{ aGg ;lsG5, dGqL / k|wfgdGqL aGg ;ls+b}g .
s] ug]{, dg g 7x¥of] † s;n] 5]Sg] o;nfO{ < slxn] d]o/ eP/

;f]R5, slxn] k|wfgdGqL eP/ . of] b]zsf] gfh's cj:yf x]bf{ slxn] t /fi6«s}
lg0ff{os eP s] s] u¿“nf eGg] ;f]r klg cfp“5 . s]xL ;docl3 h] u/] klg
gx'g] /fhgLlts cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ dgdf lbSs nfu]/ d}n] klg Pp6f ;ft a“'b]
/f]8Dofk tof/ u/]sf] lyP“ . d]/f] Tof] /f]8Dofkaf/] d]/f ldqx¿ e}/j l/;fn,
cflbTodfg >]i7 / /fh]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7l;t klg s'/f u/]sf] lyP“ . pxf“x¿nfO{
d]/f cjwf/0ffx¿ /fd|} nfu] t/ d}n] To;nfO{ k|rf/ ug]{ cf“6} cfPg . of]
ls+st{Joljd"9 cj:yf b]v]/ dnfO{ nfUof], d klg dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿sf]
;d"x …Aof08j]ugÚdf ;xefuL ag"“ ls † t/ d Ps lhDd]jf/ gful/sdfq x}g,
lhDd]jf/ cleefjs / lhDd]jf/ pBdL klg ePsf] x'“bf dgdf h] cfof], Tof]
af]Ng] 5'6 5}g dnfO{ . Pp6f pBdLnfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn l;;fsf] 3/df a:g'kg]{
afWotf 5 . p;nfO{ l/; ug]{n] Pp6f ;fgf] cQf] yfk]/ klg b'Mv lbg ;S5 /
s;}n] 9'+uf km\of“s]/ klg Tof] P]gfsf] 3/nfO{ km'6fOlbg ;S5 . dgn] t eGg
dg nfU5, b'O{ s/f]8 rfnL; nfv hgtfnfO{ ef]u lbP/ g s'g} l;4fGt
ckgfpg ;lsG5 g t s'g} ;+:yfnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 . /fi6«sf] cx+ d'2f s'g}
bfz{lgs l;4fGt jf ;+:yfnfO{ arfpg] xf]Og, b]zsf] zflGt xf], hgtfsf]
af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ xf] . t/ s] ug]{, af]Ng kfP“ eg]/ h] klg af]Ng
;Sbf]/x]g5 Pp6f Jofkf/Ln], Pp6f pBdLn], Pp6f cleefjsn] . slxn]sfxL+
gfËf] eP/ af“Rg' klg a8f] kmfObfhgs x'“bf]/x]5, xhf/ bfpdf v]Ng ;Sbf]/x]5
p;n] . sNkgfsf] of] nx/nfO{ oxL+ /f]sf}+ ca . x}g eg] d O{Zj/ ePsf] eP
s] s] uy]{ eGg] kl/sNkgf klg cfp“nf .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—*
6'“l8v]nb]lv s]z/dxn;Dd
æzx/leq ;+/If0f ljsf;sf nflu clg k|fs[lts :yndf ljsf; ;+/If0fsf
nflu † cf“vf lrDn]/ g ;+/If0f ul/G5 g t ljsf; g} . lbuf] ljsf; ug]{ xf]
eg] kof{j/0f / cy{tGq cyf{t\ …Osf]nhLÚ / …Osf]gf]dLÚ sf] efiff Pp6}
x'g'k5{ . hxf“;Dd d]/f] cfºgf] b[li6sf]0fsf] s'/f 5, d g lvof nfu]sf]
;+/If0fljb\ x'“ g t cGwf] ljsf;k|]dL . d Ps …/f;gn sGh/e];lg:6Ú x'“ hf]
;“f:s[ltnfO{ Pp6f lgd{n hns'08sf ¿kdf x]g{ rfxG5, Tof] kf]v/Ldf sxL+ g
sxL+af6 tfhf kfgL cfO/xg'k5{ / af;L kfgL sxL+ g sxL+af6 uO/xg'k5{ .
cGoyf Tof] kf]v/L ;'s]/ hfG5 . ;do;fk]If kl/jt{gnfO{ x[bo+ud u/L /fd|f—
/fd|f s'/fx¿ u|x0f ub}{ g/fd|f cGwljZjf; / k/Dk/fnfO{ kG5fpb} hfg' g}
;+/If0f xf] .Æ
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;f]r
dfof u/]/ xf] jf O{iof{n] xf], slxn]sfxL+ ;fyLx¿ eG5g\\ æw]/} sfd
gu/, w]/} tgfj lnof] eg] x[bof3ft xf]nf .Æ sf]xL Jo+Uo ub}{ eG5g\, æd/]kl5
lnP/ hfg' s] 5 / † cfp“bf klg xfdL gf¨} cfPsf xf}+, hfg]a]nf klg gf¨}
hfg'k5{ .Æ sf]xL Oi6ldq eG5g\ æc¿sf] cf“vf nfUg] lsl;dn] sfd gu/ .
cfºgf] ePsf] Jofkf/nfO{ ;Dxfn]/ dfq} a;] k'Ub}g < slt gof“—gof“ s'/f
ug'{kg]{ <Æ sltko egfOx¿ hfg]/ jf ghfg]/, :g]x / dfofn] cfPsf xf]nfg\
/ s;}n] eg] cfºgf] dgleqsf] hngnfO{ ;Eo efiffdf kf]v]sf xf]nfg\ . sfd
jf pBf]usf] la:tf/ k};f sdfpgsf nflu dfq x}g, dgsf] ;Gtf]ifsf nflu
klg ul/G5 . pBf]uwGbf klg Ps lsl;dsf] k]zf xf], ;]jf xf] / cem eGg'
kbf{ b]zelQm klg xf], lrqsf/n] lrq sf]/]h:t}, sljn] sljtf /r]h:t}, lkmNd
lgdf{tfn] lkmNd agfPh:t} . pBdL klg pBf]u u/]/ slxNo} yfSb}g . dgdf
;f]r ePsf, lbdfudf ;kgf af]s]sf ;[hgzLn k]zfut dflg;x¿sf] nIosf]
;Ldf x'“b}g . slj, lkmNd lgdf{tf, k]z]j/ v]nf8L Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf k|fKt
ug{ lg/Gt/ nflu/x] h:t} . pBf]uwGbf la:tf/ ug'{ klg Pp6f To:t} rfv xf] .
c;g 6f]ndf a:g] aRr}b]lvsf d]/f Pshgf ;fyL e]6\gf;fy

Jo+UofTds tl/sfn] egL xfN5g\, æd]/f] lhGbuL t ltd|f] h:tf] tgfju|:t 5}g
jf † Psbd cfgGb, s'g} 6]G;g 5}g . laxfg eft vfP/ k;ndf a:5' clg
a]n'sL eft vfP/ cf/fdn] d:t lgGb|fdf ;'Tg hfG5' .Æ of] s'/f olb 8f]Nkfdf
a:g] 8f]NkfnLn] eg]sf] eP ljZjf; uy]{+ t/ pgsf] Tof] sygdf dnfO{ k6Ss}
ljZjf; nfUb}g . >LdtLsf] hLpel/ ;'g};'gsf] uxgfn] 9kSs} 9fs]/ cfk"m /
cfºgf] kl/jf/sf] nflu hltklg k};f vr{ ug{;Sg] t/ ;dfh;]jfsf nflu eg]
Psk};f glgsfNg] gAa] lsnf]sf] jhgbf/ hLp af]s]sf] Tof] JolQmn] ha ;'v
/ cfgGbsf] efif0f 5f“6\5, dnfO{ pm kfv08L h:tf] nfU5 . ljleGg ;fdflhs
sfo{qmdsf nflu obfsbf d cy{ ;+sng sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ul//xG5',
clxn];Dd pgn] Pp6f l6s6 lsg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf 5}gg\ . To:tf
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;f]r
c;fdflhs dflg;n] ;'v / b'Mvsf] s'/f u/]/ ha lv;L u5{g\, dnfO{ ;xg
uf¥xf] x'G5 .
cfk"mnfO{ ;w}+ ;Gt'i6 / ;'vL elglx+8\g] d]/f csf{ Ps wgf9\o ldqn]

cfºgL 5f]/Lsf] ljx] ubf{ d'v x]g]{ lbg ;a} cfuGt'snfO{ b]vfP/ 5f]/LnfO{
xL/fsf] dfnf nufOlbPsf lyP . wgsf] Tof] ceb| k|bz{gL b]v]/ d cfk}+mnfO{
nfh nfu]sf] lyof] . To;a]nf d}n] dgdgdf k|lt1f u/]sf] lyP“, d d]/L
5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ldtJooL kf/fn] u5'{ . ;f“Rr} d]/L 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx to
eof] . d]/f tL ldqsf] Tof] b]vfj6L 36gf emnemnL ofb cfPkl5 d}n]
5f]/LnfO{ PsfGtdf af]nfP/ tL ;fyLsf] s'/f ;'gfP“ / eg]+, æltd|f] ljx]df d
w]/} dflg;x¿nfO{ af]nfp“lbg / d'v x]g]{ sfo{qmd klg ;fwf/0f tl/sfn] dfq
u5'{ .Æ 5f]/LnfO{ d]/f] k|:tfj dgk¥of] t/ d]/L lbbL / >LdtL ;'zLnfn] eg]
lj/f]w u/] . æcfdf gePsL 5f]/Lsf] ljx]df h] kfof], Tof] ug'{ x'“b}gÆ, lbbLn]
eGg'eof] . æ;f}t]gL cfdf ePsf] sf/0fn] 5f]/Lsf] ljx]df k};f arfof] eGnfg\
lg †Æ, >LdtLn] elgg\ . t/ 5f]/Lsf] ;xdlt kfPkl5 d}n] cfºg} tl/sfn]

;Lldt kfx'gfnfO{ dfq af]nfP/ ljjfx ;DkGg u/]+ . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] ;"rLdf t
af]nfpg' kg]{d} b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] gfd lyof] . d}n] h;nfO{ af]nfpg
;lsg“, pgLx¿nfO{ Pp6f nfvfd/L ;fy lgDg Joxf]/fsf] kq k7fP“ M
æxfd|L cfo'idtL ;'k'qL ;'hfg zfSosf] >L tyf >LdtL af]lwah|

ah|frfo{sf cfo'idfg\ ;'k'q ljgo ah|frfo{sf ;fy oxL kmfu'0f b'O{ ut] b'O{
xhf/ afpGg ;fn tbg';f/ k]ma'|c/L rf}w tfl/v pGgfO; ;o 5ofgAa]
a'waf/sf lbg k"0f{ wfld{s Pjd\ j}lbs ljlwcg';f/ z'e—ljjfx ;'—;DkGg
x'g] ePsf] 5 . o; ;'vb pknIodf ldtJolotf ckgfp“b} s]xL glhssf
gft]bfx¿nfO{ dfq ;l/s u/fOg] ePsf] x'“bf oxf“nfO{ ;f] cj;/df lgdGq0f
ug{ g;s]tfklg xfd|f] ;'dw'/ ;DaGw Pj+ efjgfsf] k|tLs of] k/Dk/fut
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;f]r
…hf]k:tf d¥xLÚ ;fy} k7fPsf 5f}+ . s[kfk"j{s o;nfO{ u|x0f ul/lbg' eO{ s'g}
pkxf/ gk7fOlbg x'g;d]t xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Æ
d}n] s'g} klg gof“ sfd k};f sdfp“5' eGg] Psdfq p2]Zon] u/]s}
5}g . ;w}+ r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf x]g]{ ug]{ u/]sf 5' sfdnfO{ . xf], d]/f] OR5f k};f
sdfpg]eGbf OHht sdfpg]lt/ a9L 9lNsPsf] x'G5 . olb k};fdfq sdfpg]
xf] eg] d}n] cfºgf] Pp6} xf]6]ndf dfq a9L Wofg lbPsf] ePklg clxn] ePsf]
cfDbfgLeGbf w]/} h'6fpg ;lsGYof] xf]nf . xf]6]ndf b'O{;o hgfeGbf a9L
ko{6sx¿ a:5g\\ . pgLx¿nfO{ axfndf ;fOsndfq lbof] eg]klg lbgsf]
xhf/f}+ ¿k}of“ a9L sdfpg ;lsG5 . xf]6]nleq} w]/} k;n yfKg ;lsG5 .
kbofqfaf6 kmsf{OPsf …;]s]08x\of08 6]06Ú / Hofs]6x¿sf] Jofkf/ ug{
;lsG5 . kbofqf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ d}n] To;f] slxNo} ul/g . cem
/]i6'/]G6;d]t c¿nfO{ rnfpg lbP“ . olb d rf}aL;} 306f xf]6]nleq a;]/
sxf“af6 s;/L a9L sdfpg ;lsG5, vr{ s;/L 36fpg] cflb—OToflb
lx;fj–lstfjdf dfq} clNem/xg] xf] eg] d]/f] lbdfusf] ;[hgzLntf vQd
x'G5 / c¿ sfd ug{ d c;dy{ x'g]5' . To:tf] lhGbuL s] lhGbuL † ;a}
pBdL Jofkf/L x'g ;S5g\ t/ ;a} Jofkf/L pBdL aGg ;Sb}gg\ . pBdLx¿
cfºgf] Jofkf/sf] ;+sL0f{ 3]/fdf dfq af“Rg rfxGgg\, pgLx¿ cfTd;Gt'li6sf
nflu cGo pBf]u la:tf/sf ;fy;fy} cfºgf] Jofkf/l;t ;+nUg gePsf cGo
;dfhf]kof]uL ljwf / IF]qx¿df klg sfd ug{ ?rfp“5g\ . ddf zfob
pBdLsf] s]xL c+z / efj xf]nf .
g]kfndf gof“—gof“ sfd u/]/ OHhtsf nflu ;kmntf xfl;n ug{

vf]Hg] pBdLx¿ w]/} 5g\\ . t/ pgLx¿sf] pBdzLntfnfO{ xfdL k|z+;f ug{
rfx+b}gf}+ . x'nf;rGb| uf]N5f / dl0fxif{ Hof]ltx¿nfO{ k};}dfq sdfpg] OR5f
ePsf] eP Pp6}dfq pBf]udf s]lGb|t eP/ a:y] xf]nfg\ . ljleGg IF]qdf xft
xfNb}gy] xf]nfg\ . ;dfhdf sfd ug{;Sg] pBf]uL Pj+ a'l4hLjLx¿nfO{
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k|f]T;fxg u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ k|of]u u/L pBf]u / ljsf;sf c¿ kf6fx¿ Vff]Ng
lbg'k5{ . g]kfndf …s'sNofg s' ===Ú af:g] dflg; w]/} 5g\\ t/ k'mn kfg]{ sd .
lsg xf] s'lGg † d jfOoft sfdnfO{ 6'n'6'n' x]l//xg ;lSbg . aL;

jif{ klxn] sdn lrqsf/ sf7df8f}+ gu/k~rfotsf] k|wfgk~r x'“bf
ef]6flx6Ldf …;j j]Ú agfpg] sfd e}/x]sf] lyof] . af6f] vGg] 7fp“df
lnR5ljsfnLg 9'¨]wf/f e]l6Psf] /x]5 t/ k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] b'n{e ;Dkbfsf]
k|tLs Tof] wf/fnfO{ k'm6fpg vf]Hb} /x]5g\ 7]s]bf/x¿ . To;a]nf d g]kfn
;Dkbf ;+3sf] cWoIf klg lyP“ . Tof] pTvgg sfo{ /f]Sgsf nflu d sdn
lrqsf/nfO{ e]6\g uP“ . af6f] vGg 7]Ssfdf nufO;s]sfn] /f]Sg uf¥xf] x'g]
wf/0ff pxf“n] /fVg'eof]] . t/, dnfO{ lrQ a'e]mg . c¿ b]zdf k'/ftflTjs
dxTjsf j:t'x¿ vf]htnf; ug{ 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ u/L pTvgg u5{g\ . t/
xfd|f] d'n'sdf af6f] vGbfvGb} cs:dft\ k]mnf k/]sf ;f]¥x ;o jif{ k'/fgf tL
ax'd"No k'/ftflTjs j:t'x¿sf] dxTj a'lemPg . d}n] To;df lj/f]w hgfpb}
lj1lKt lgsfn]+ . ef]6flx6Lsf] P]ltxfl;s d"n 9'¨]wf/fnfO{ arfpg] k|of;df
cfºgf] tk{maf6 ?= bz xhf/ rGbf lbG5' / c¿ yk rGbf p7fOlbg]5' eGg]
k|lta4tf klg hfx]/ u/]+ . uf]/vfkqsf tTsfnLg cWoIf gu]Gb| zdf{n] d]/f]
lj1lKtnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy klxnf] k]hdf Tof] klg …aS; Go"hÚ agfP/ 5fk] .
tTkZrft\ ef]6flx6Lsf] 9'¨]wf/f arfpg r]tgfsf] nx/ cfpg yfNof] . …;j j]Ú
agfpg vf]lhPsf] 7fp“df ef]6flx6Lsf] 9'¨]wf/fnfO{ ;'gwf/f h:t} v'nf /fvL
;+/If0f ub}{ cfsfz] k'n agfpg] k|:tfj lbPsf] lyP“ d}n] . Tof] k|:tfjdf
k'/fgf] sf7df8f}+leq k:g kf6g9f]sfsf] h:t} ef]6flx6Ldf 9f]sf
/fVg] clg To;a]nfsf kfs{, /]i6'/]G6 / Toxf“ ;6/jfnf k;nx¿ eTsfP/

/Tgkfs{ / /fgLkf]v/L hf]8\g], aLrdf a6'jfx¿ dfq lx+8\g] dfn (Mall) agfpg]
;'emfj;d]t gu/k~rfotnfO{ lbPsf] lyP“ . To;a]nfsf gu/k~rx¿
s]zj :yflkt h:t} ;lqmo eOlbPsf eP Tof] d]/f] k|:tfj To;a]nf g} kf;
x'g]lyof] . ef]6flx6Lsf] ;'?ª af6f] v'nf zf}rfnodf kl/0ft x'g] lyPg .
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d …af]/Ú eP/ a:g} ;lSbg . s]xL ;do kfof] eg] dg s'g} g s'g}
;f]rdf 8'laxfNy] . s'/f xf], ;g\ !((^ lt/sf] d ljB't\ k|flws/0faf6
l;+xb/af/ hf“bf eb|sfnL;Ddsf] af6f] kf/ ug{ emG8} cfwf306f nfu]sf]
lyof] . af6f]el/ a;, ljqmd 6]Dkf] / cGo y'k|} uf8Lx¿ hyfefjL u'l8/x]sf
lyP . yf]qf uf8Lx¿sf] w'“jfn] cf“vf kf]n]sf] lyof], cfwf lsnf]ld6/ af6f]df
df]6/ xf“Sg dnfO{ cfwf 306f nfu]5 . 6«flkms hfddf uf8L xf“Sbfxf“Sb} d]/f]
dgdf Pp6f ljrf/ k'm6\of]], 6'“l8v]nsf] jl/kl/ nyfln¨ To;} v]/ uO/x]sf]
hUufdf k]6L ;f/]/ ;8s rf}8f lsg gkfg]{ < 6'“l8v]n / k'm6kfyaLrsf] Tof]
hUufdf sxL+ lk;fa k]ml//fv]sf, 5f8f ;f“9]x¿ lgla{£g al;/fv]sf, sxL+
Hof]ltifLx¿n] 6§' / k§' k|of]u u/L /flzkmn x]l//fv]sf, htf x]¥of] Tot}
nyfln¨ .
P]ltxfl;s / ;“f:s[lts b[li6sf]0fn] /fi6«sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ w/f]x/

(Land Mark) ePsf] x'“bf Pl;ofsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] zx/L rf}/ dflgg] /fhwfgLsf]
6'“l8v]nnfO{ ef}lts b[li6sf]0fn] klg /fd|f] agfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . gfsdf
kmf]xf]/ eof] eg] hLpel/ hlt g} ;fa'g bn]/ g'xfP klg cy{ /x“b}g eg]h:t}
6'+l8v]nnfO{ /fd|f] kfg'{ eg]sf] /fhwfgLnfO{ g} /fd|f] kfg'{ xf] . 6'“l8v]n jf:tjdf
/fhwfgLsf] d'6' xf] . ;Dk"0f{ ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿ lbgsf] Psrf]l6 6'“l8v]nsf]
af6f]df cfjthfjt gu/L ;'v} 5}g . /f0ffx¿n] agfPsf af6fx¿ krf;—
;f7Ljif{b]lv h:tfsf] t:t} lyP . Ps O~r klg rf}8f ul/Psf] lyPg hals
uf8Lsf] ;+Vof xhf/f}+ u'0ff al9;s]sf] lyof] . x/bd, x/If0f 6«flkms hfd
eO/xg], To;dfly klg yf]qf / k'/fgf uf8Lx¿ rNbf k|z:t jfo' k|b"if0f
x'GYof] . o;sf] ;fy;fy} ;f“3'/f ;8sdf uf8Lx¿ 7f]lSsg] ;Defjgf k|z:t
x'GYof] . g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf] df}sf 5f]kL d}n] æ8]9 s/f]8 ¿k}of“df tLg
dlxgfleq sf7df8f}+sf] sfofkn6Æ egL af6f] rf}8f ug]{ Pp6f k|:tfj
sf7df8f}+ gu/kflnsf / of]hgf cfof]udf k|:t't u/]+ . To;a]nf /fli6«o

of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf d]/f] :s"nsf ;fyL d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ lyP .
pT;flxt eP/ d}n] pgnfO{ tLg—rf/ rf]l6 6]lnkmf]g u/]+ . t/ pgn] dnfO{
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;do g} lbPgg\ . kl5 lg0f{o ug]{ a]nf ;fj{hlgs hUuf df;]/ ljsf; ug'{
x'“b}g egL d]/f] k|:tfj nTofOlbP . 6'“l8v]n Pp6f P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbf xf], cem
Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ /fli6«o w/f]x/ xf], h;sf] ef}lts :j¿kn] /fhwfgLsf] d'xf/df
6Lsf nufO{ o;sf] cfsif{0f a9fp“5 . To:tf] :yfgdf pk]lIft ¿kdf
ºof“lsPsf] kGw| kmL6] ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;d]6]/ 6'+l8v]nsf] sf“r'nL k]mg]{
;+/If0fd'vL ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIfn]
a'¤b}gg\ eg] c¿ s:n] a'¤g] <
zx/leq ;+/If0f ljsf;sf nflu x'g'k5{, clg k|fs[lts :yndf

ljsf; ;+/If0fsf nflu . cf“vf lrDn]/ g ;+/If0f ul/G5 g t ljsf; g} .
lbuf] ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] kof{j/0f / cy{tGq cyf{t\ …Osf]nhLÚ / …Osf]gf]dLÚ
sf] efiff Pp6} x'g'k5{ . hxf“;Dd d]/f] cfºgf] b[li6sf]0fsf] s'/f 5, d g lvof
nfu]sf] ;+/If0fljb\ x'“, g t cGwf] ljsf;k|]dL . d Pp6f …/f;gn
sGh/e];lg:6Ú x'“ hf] ;“:s[ltnfO{ Pp6f lgd{n hns'08sf ¿kdf x]g{ rfxG5,
To; kf]v/Ldf sxL+ g sxL+af6 tfhf kfgL cfO/xg'k5{ / af;L kfgL sxL+ g
sxL+af6 uO/xg'k5{ . cGoyf Tof] kf]v/L ;'s]/ hfG5 . ;do;fk]If
kl/jt{gnfO{ x[bo+ud u/L /fd|f—/fd|f s'/fx¿ u|x0f ub}{ g/fd|f cGwljZjf; /
k/Dk/fnfO{ kG5fpb} hfg' g} ;+/If0f xf] .
k[YjL/fh lnun /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf eP/ cfPkl5

6'+l8v]n rf}8f kfg]{ k|:tfj d}n] pxf“nfO{ klg lbP“ . k|:tfjgf x]gf{;fy deGbf
a9L pxf“ pQ]lht x'g'eof] / eGg'eof], æn n zfSohL, tkfO{+n] uhasf]
k|:tfjgf Nofpg'eof] . o;f] ug{ ;lsof] eg] t uHha e}xfNof] lg .Æ of]hgf
cfof]udf sfo{/t w]/} pkfWoIf / ;b:ox¿nfO{ d}n] lrGg] / hfGg] df}sf
kfPsf] 5' . pgLx¿dWo] sd} dfq ljåQf 5f6\g] t/ sfd ul/xfNg] JolQmsf
¿kdf d}n] k[YjL/fh lnunnfO{ kfPsf] x“' . ljifoj:t' a'¤g] dfdnfdf pxf“ w]/}
lj1 / Jofjxfl/s x'g'x'G5 . dnfO{ ;Demgf 5, pxf“n] a}+ls¨ pbf/Ls/0f /
ljb]zL d'b|f v'nf ug]{ gLlt agfpg klg 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
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pxf“n] 6'“l8v]n kl/of]hgfsf lgldQ klxnf] r/0fsf] nflu cfjZos /sd
h'6fOlbg] cfZjf;g klg lbg'eof] . d}n] of] s'/f sf7df8f}+sf tTsfnLg
d]o/l;t klg u/]+ . pgL w]/} ldng;f/ / OdfGbf/ lyP . t/ sfd ug{,
u/fpg rflx+ g;Sg] . pgnfO{ Tof] k|:tfjgf t dgk¥of] t/ pgsf
clws[tx¿n] g} pgnfO{ 3'dfOlbOxfNg] . kl5 s]zj :yflkt d]o/ eP/
cfPkl5 g]kfn e|d0f jif{s} ;dodf pgn] hf]8tf]8sf ;fy sfd yflnxfn] .
x'g t d k|s[ltljb\ x“', t/ g]kfn ;Dkbf ;+3sf] cWoIf e} sfd u/]sf]

x'“bf ;Dkbfdf d]/f] w]/} ?lr a9\of] . ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf b[li6sf]0fn] xfdL
;f}efUozfnL klg xf}+ / b'ef{UozfnL klg . ;f}efUozfnL of] dfg]df ls
xfdLl;t cgluGtL b'n{e, ljnIf0f snfs[ltx¿ 5g\ t/ b'ef{Uojz xfdL olt
u/La 5f}+ ls xfdL cfºgf ;Dkbfx¿ cfk}+mn] arfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . t}klg
rfx\of}+ eg] xfdL w]/} ug{ ;S5f}+ . g]kfn e|d0f jif{tfsf Pslbg d d]/f]
gS;fn 3/af6 b/af/dfu{ x'“b} 7d]n uO/x]sf] lyP“ . s]z/dxnsf] pQ/—
klZrdkl§ 7"nf] kvf{n;“u} hf]l8Psf] k'/fgf] z}nLsf] 3/ rf/—kf“r hgf
HofdLx¿ ldn]/ 7"N7"nf 3gn] k'm6fO/x]sf lyP . s] eTsfO/x]sf] xf]nf egL
sf}t'xnjz kvf{n r9L leq x]g{ hf“bf s]z/dxnsf] /f0ffsfnLg ejgsf
5tdf a'hf{x¿ eTsfO/fv]sf /x]5g\ . kfsf] O§fsf] w"nf] / r'g ld;fPsf]
ah|n] agfPsf] Tof] a'hf{ olt alnof] lyof] ls l5gf] /fvL 3gn] xfGbf klg
KNofs—KNofs cfuf]sf lemNsf lg:sGy] . d}n] HofdLx¿nfO{ ;f]w]+, æof] s] ug{
nfu]sf] <Æ pgLx¿n] eg], æoxf“ ;6/ agfOb}5 .Æ d t tLg 5Ss k/]+, Tof]
cGwf] ljsf;sf] k|of; b]v]/ . To:tf] /fd|f] ejg eTsfP/ k]ml/ csf]{ ;6/ <
sxf“af6 cfof] of] ;6/sf] nx/ sf7df8f}+df <
s]z/dxnsf] ejg eTsfpg] sfd /f]Sg d}n] t'?Gt} tTsfnLg ko{6g

;lrj bLk]Gb|k'?if 9sfn / lzIff dGqL ch'{gg/l;+x s]=;L= nfO{ kmf]g u/]+ /
s]z/dxnleqsf] pk]lIft au}+rfnfO{ e|d0f jif{ au}+rf (VNY Garden) sf] ¿kdf
e|d0f jif{sf] ;dod} agfpg cfu|x u/]+ . Tolt /fd|f] au}+rfnfO{ kfs{sf] ¿kdf
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vf]Ng;s]sf] eP cfly{s pkfh{g;d]t u/L au}+rf dfq xf]Og, /fi6«sf]
dxTjk"0f{ s]z/ k':tsfnonfO{ ;d]t Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsGYof] . ch'g{ g/l;+x
s]=;L= n] s'/f a'lemxfn] . ch'{gg/l;+xsf] ToxL s'/f /fd|f] nfU5 dnfO{, pgL
h'g;'s} s'/f klg rf“8} a'¤5g\ . t'?Gt} ejg eTsfpg] sfo{ /f]lsof] . kl5 Tof]
au}+rfnfO{ s]z/zDz]/sf] kfnfdf h;/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof], ToxL :j¿kdf
;+/If0f u/L ;fj{hlgs au}+rfsf] ¿kdf vf]Ng] lg0f{o eof] . :jKg au}+rfsf]
rf/ v08sf] klZrdlt/sf] b'O{ v08 t klxn] g} a]lr;s]sf /x]5g\\ . k"j{kl§sf]
efudfq af“sL /x]5 . To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg u/]/ rnfpg ;lsof] eg] Toxf“af6
cfPsf] cfDbfgLn] pk]lIft eO/fv]sf] P]ltxfl;s s]z/ k':tsfnonfO{ klg
oyf]lrt ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsGYof] . :jKg au}+rfnfO{ oyfl:yltdf ;+/If0f ug{
>L % sf] ;/sf/l;t k};f gePsf] x'“bf klxn] 8]lg8fdf sfd ug]{ d]/f Pshgf
;fyL dfOsn e]lG8¨l;t s'/f u/]+ . t/, To;a]nf 8]lg8fn] e|d0f jif{ !((*
tfsf ;kmf 6]Dkf]df ;xof]u ul//fv]sf] x'“bf :jKg au}+rf kl/of]hgfaf/] Tolt
rf;f] lbPg . kl5 kf6g Do"lhod lgdf{0f ug]{ cli6«ofsf ;+/If0fljb\ xf“u
d'n/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]+ / pxf“sf] ;xof]uaf6 …Osf]—lxdfnÚ dfk{mt cli6«og
;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf :jKg au}+rfsf] k'glg{df{0f ul/of] .
;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg] zfob d]/f] afgL g} alg;s]sf] 5 . hxf“ uP

klg cfºgf] nflu dfq xf]Og, c¿sf nflu klg oxL b[li6sf]0fsf] pkof]u ug{
dg nfU5 . d s'g} xf]6]ndf a:g uP“eg] jf /]i6'/]G6df vfg uP“eg] klg Toxf“
s] u/] /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] ;f]r d]/f] dgdf pld|xfN5 . ;fgf]ltgf] kl/jt{g
ugf{;fy Tof] 7fp“sf] :j¿k g} /fd|f] x'g] b]lvG5 eg] dnfO{ t'?Gt} ;'emfa /
;Nnfx lbg dg nfluxfN5 . sltrf]l6 cfk"m a;]sf] xf]6]ndf Toxf“sf] Dofg]h/
af]nfP/ ;'emfa k]z u/]sf] 5' . Pstfsf d uf]jfsf] Pp6f ;fgf] …k]Oª u]i6Ú
df 5—;ft lbg a:g uPsf] lyP“ . 7fp“ /fd|f] lyof], ;d'b| cufl8 7"N7"nf
a/08f ePsf] k'/fgf] vfnsf] / cfsif{s kf]r'{luh z}nLsf] ejg . xf]6]n
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dflnssf] gfd lyof] g/]g 8f];f . ;ft lbgleq pQm u]i6xfp;sf sf]7fx¿sf]
7fp“—7fp“df vf6, 6]jn / b/fhx¿ ;fg{ nufP“ . Toltdfq ubf{ klg sf]7fx¿
7"nf / /fd|f b]lvP . Tof] kl/jt{g b]v]/ g/]g 8f];fn] d]/f] ;'emfjdf ef=?=
PsnfveGbf a9L vr{ u/]/ gof“ kbf{, tGgf / cGo ;fgf—ltgf kmlg{r/x¿
k]m/]+ . s;}sf] lxtsf nflu sfd ubf{ To:fsf] k|ltkmn /fd|f] eof] eg] c;fWo}
/dfOnf] x'“bf]/x]5 .
cfO{=P:;L= k9\bf /fdk|;fb k|hfklt d]/f cToGt ldNg] ;fyL lyP .

pgL eQmk'/sf] Pp6f 7"nf] ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a:by] . krf;—;f7L hgfsf]
kl/jf/ . eft vfg] a]nfdf s;n] vfof], s;n] vfPg egL 5'6\ofpg 6Lsf
nufpg' kg]{ /] . /fdk|;fb cln ;f]lvg ljBfyL{ ePsfn] xfdLl;t cfO{=P:;L=
kf; ug{ ;s]gg\ . w]/} k9\g g;s]klg pgL ;[hgzLn / d]xgtL lyP . k9fO
5f]8\gf;fy eQmk'/df ;a}eGbf klxn] Pp6f k]6«f]n kDk /fv] . To;kl5
;Nnf3f/Ldf s'v'/fkfngsf] Joj;fo u/] . kl5 d]/f] xf]6]n /fd|f] ;+rfng
ePsf] b]v]/ /fdk|;fbn] klg s'v'/f kfng Joj;fo 5f]8]/ ;Nnf3f/Ld} Pp6f
;fgf] nh vf]Ng] OR5f u/] . pgsf] k|:tfj dnfO{ /fd|f] nfUof] / d cfk}+m
pgsf] s'v'/f kfNg] 3/nfO{ nhdf kl/0ft ug]{ sfddf d2t ug{ uP“ . d]/}
;'emfjdf pgn] nhsf] gfd /fv]], eQmk'/ u]i6xfp; . /fdk|;fb d]/f] ;'emfj
cg';f/ ;w}+ xf“;L—xf“;L sfd ug]{ x'“bf dnfO{ pgsf] xf]6]n klg cfºg} h:tf]
nfUYof] . eQmk'/ u]i6xfp; /fd|/L ;+rfng xf];\ eGg] Wo]on] d cfºg}
u|fxsx¿ klg pgLsxf“ k7fp“y] . clxn] /fdk|;fbn] ;"o{ ljgfosglhs} r'Gb]jL
8f“8fdf eQmk'/ u]i6xfp;s} gfdn] klxn]sf] eGbf 7"nf] xf]6]n rnfPsf 5g\\ .
ha pgsf] xf]6]ndf hfG5' / pgsf] k|ult b]V5', dg ub\ub\ eP/ cfp“5 .
dnfO{ ;fyL agfpg w]/} ;do nfU5 t/ Psrf]l6 dg ldNof] eg] d

pgLx¿sf nflu x'?Ss} x'G5' . dflg;sf] hLjgdf Pp6f cToGt ldNg] ;fyLsf]
cfjZostf x'G5 eGg] s'/f d}n] z+s/ xf]6]nsf dflns /fdz+s/ >]i7 / k|l;4
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pBdL g/l;+xaxfb'/ >]i7 l;t l;s]+ . h'ga]nf d]/L >LdtLnfO{ a}+sssf]
;ldlte]h c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{ /flvPsf] lyof], /fdz+s/ bfO g/l;+x axfb'/
bfO;“u :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug{ ToxL+ k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . /fdz+s/ bfOsf]
:jf:Yol:yltdf ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g . cfºgf] ;a} sfd 5f]8]/ bz—kGw|
lbg;Dd g/l;+x bfO cfºgf] ;fyLl;t} c:ktfnd} a:g'eof] . c:ktfndf
pxf“n] /fdz+s/ bfOnfO{ olt :ofxf/—;';f/ ug'{eof] ls d t 5Ss} k/]+ .
pxf“x¿ b'a} hgfnfO{ c;fWo} Vofn7§f ug'{ kg]{ . pxf“x¿sf] s'/f ;'g]kl5
cfgGb cfpYof] . dflg;n] ;Dk"0f{ ;'vb'Mvsf s'/fx¿ ;w}+ cfºgL >LdtL,
5f]/f5f]/Ll;t ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To:tf] a]nf Pp6f cToGt ldNg] ;fyL rflx+bf]
/x]5 . cGt/fTdfl;t ldNg] ;fyL kfpg' klg efUosf] s'/f xf] . /fdz+s/ /
g/l;+xaxfb'/ bfOsf] bf]:tL b]v]kl5 dnfO{ klg Pshgf To:t} ;fyL kfpg]
/x/ eof] . /x/ dfq xf]Og, O{iof{ g} nfUof] t/ eGgf;fy sxf“ kfpg] To:tf]
cleGg ldq † x'g t cleGg ldq aGg / agfpgsf nflu dl;t efjgf /
cfTdLotf gePsf] xf]Og .
ha d]/f ;fyLx¿ dsxf“ cfO{ cfºgf] b'Mv kf]v]/ hfG5g\, pgLx¿sf]

;d:ofn] dnfO{ kl5;Dd lk/f]ln/xG5 . To:t} eof] Pslbg, ha 5 sIffb]lv
d;“u} k9\g] /fh]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7n] cfºgf ;d:ofx¿ dnfO{ ;'gfP“ . /fh]Gb| / d
;“u} k9\Yof}+ . pgL w]/} k9\g], d sd k9\g] . @)!# ;fndf xfdLn] k|j]lzsf
(SLC) hf“r lb+bf /fh]Gb| d]/f] 3/df cfp“y] / ;“u} k'tnL;8sl:yt kßf]bo
:s"nsf] k/LIff s]Gb|df hf“r lbg hfGYof}+ . tLg—rf/ k]k/ t d}n] /fd|} u/]+ t/
;“:s[tsf] hf“r vQd} eP5 . kGw| gDa/sf] kf; dfs{df d}n] kGw|} gDa/sf]
k|Zgsf] dfq pQ/ lbP5' . kf; x'g] t ;jfn} ePg . ef]lnkN6 d}n] af“sL hf“r
glbg] lgwf] u/]+ . ;w}+e}+m /fh]Gb| hf“r lbg hfg dnfO{ af]nfpg d]/f] 3/ cfP .
d}n] pgnfO{ hf“r glbg] ljrf/ ;'gfP“ t/ /fh]Gb|n] dfg]gg\ . hah{:tL dnfO{
hf“rdf nu] . pgn] eg], ækm]n g} e} xfNof}+ eg] klg sd;]sd hf“rsf] cg'ej
t x'G5 .Æ s'/f 7Ls} lyof] / ;fyLsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ ;a} hf“r lbP“ . d kf;
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;f]r
x'“nf eg]/ ljrf/} u/]sf] lyOg, t/ t];|f] >]0fLdf kf; eP5' . ;“:s[t hf“Rg]
lzIfsn] cjZo klg dnfO{ dfof u/]/ …u|]; dfs{Ú lbP xf]nfg\ .
Tof] 36gfb]lv /fh]Gb|sf] u'0f ddf ;w}+ /x\of] / pgLk|lt ;w}+ cfef/L
/x+] . P;=Pn=;L= kl5 xfdL cnu–cnu ljifodf k9\g uof}+ . pgL s[lif
lj1fg k9\g cnfxfjfb uP, d g]kfnd} cfO{=P:;L=, aL=P:;L= u/]/ b]x/fb"gdf
jglj1fg k9\g uP“ . jL;—kRrL; jif{;Dd xfd|f] e]6 ePg . cWoogkZrft\
pgL lj/f6gu/df a;]/ h'6ldndf sfd ub}{ /fhgLltdf ;lqmo /x] t/
/fhgLltdf pgn] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;s]g5g\ . oBlk pgdf af}l4s
Ifdtfsf] ;fy;fy} jfs\zlQm / n]vgsnf klg lyof] . /fhgLltdf rflxg] ;a}
u'0f pgdf lyP t/ s;/L ;kmn ePgg\, dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . @)$* ;fnsf]
xf/fxf/Ldf pgL Pslbg dsxf“ cfOk'u] . pgn] /fhgLlt 5f]8\g] c7f]6 u/]5g\ .
pgn] d;“u s'g} pBf]u ug]{ jf sxL+ /fd|f] 7fp“df hfuL/ vfg] OR5f k|s6
u/] . /fh]Gb| cfºgf] dgsf] jx kf]v]/ lj/f6gu/ kmls{P t/ d]/f] dg pgnfO{

s;/L d2t ug{ ;lsG5, s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGb} 56\k6fpg yfNof] .
d}n] pgnfO{ xf]6]ndf hfuL/ v'jfpg] ljrf/;d]t u/]+ . t/ To;f] ubf{ d}n]
pgnfO{ x]k+] eGnfg\ eg]/ pgnfO{ eGg] cf“6} cfPg .
d]/f] dgdf cs:dft\ Pp6f ljrf/ cfof] . To;a]nf g]kfndf ev{/–

ev{/ cGt/f{li6«o 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf ;'¿ ePsf] lyof] . xf]6]ndf afx]s aflx/
cGt/f{li6«o 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf pknJw lyPg . ko{6sx¿n] lqk'/]Zj/sf] 6]lnkmf]g
PS:r]~h sfpG6/df 6]lnkmf]g ug{ hfg'kYof]{ . d]/f] lbdfudf ck/em6
cfOxfNof] olb 7d]ndf xfdLn] o:tf] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf lbg ;Sof}+ eg] ;a}
ko{6sx¿ kmf]g ug{ xfdLsxf“ cfpg]5g\ . To;a]nf kmf]gdf gfkmf klg k|z:t
lyof], em08} krxQ/ k|ltzt . tLgldg]6 s'/fubf{ Ps;ob]lv 8]9;o
¿k}of“;Dd ltg'{kYof]{ eg] ko{6saf6 em08} b'O{ c9fO{ ;o lnOGYof] . ha
dnfO{ nfUof] of] ;fgf] Jofkf/n] d]/f] ;fyLnfO{ 7"nf] d2t k'¥ofp“5, d ;xof]u
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;f]r
ug{ cft'/ e}xfn]+ . d]/f] Pp6f afgL 5, d]/f] dgdf s'g} /fd|f] s'/f …SnLs\Ú eof]
eg] of]hgf agfOxfN5', kv{g} ;lSbg“ . dWo/ftd} ;"o{ pbfpg' kg]{ .
ToxL /flt /fh]Gb|nfO{ lj/f6gu/df kmf]g u/]+ / ef]ln h;/L klg

sf7df8f}+ cfOxfn eg]+ . d}n] t k;nsf] gfd klg ;f]lr;s]sf] lyP“ . gfd
lyof] ;:tf] kmf]g ;]jf (Economic Telephone) . 5f]6s/Ldf pkgfd, …Osf]—6]nÚ.
k;nsf] nflu nufgL klg lx;fa ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . b'Oj6f 6]lnkmf]g nfOg
lsGbf ?= rfnL; xhf/, Pp6f ºofS; d]l;gsf] ?= ;f7L xhf/, kmlg{r/sf
nflu krf; xhf/, kmf]6f]skL d]lzgnfO{ krf; ;f7L xhf/, kf]i6 clkm;af6
:6\ofDk xfGg] d]lzg bz—kGw| xhf/, 6]n]S; d]lzg kGw| aL; xhf/ u/]/
cGbfhL ?= tLg nfv hlt x'g cfp“Yof] k|:tfljt nufgL .
/fh]Gb| ef]lnkN6 cfOxfn] klg . d}n] pgnfO{ Jofkf/df slt k};f

nufgL ug{ ;S5f}+ egL ;f]w]+ . …s]sf nflu xf], eg gÚ eGb} lyP . klxn] d}n]
xf“;]/ eg]+, æltdL slt nufgL ug{ ;S5f}+ <Æ pgn] æbz—aL; xhf/ nufpg
;S5' xf]nfÆ eg] . d}n] eg]+, æx] d'nf † bz—aL; xhf/df t clxn] e6df;
k;n klg vf]Ng ;lsb}g .Æ d}n] pgnfO{ ;a} of]hgf ;'gfP“ . lhGbuLe/
/fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf nfu]sf] x'“bf /fh]Gb|nfO{ Jofkf/df ljZjf;} lyPg .

cflv/ pgn] ?= krf; xhf/;Dd nufgL ug]{ lg0f{o u/] . /fh]Gb| h:t} csf{
d]/f] Pshgf ;fyL rGb|eQm dfgGw/ klg lyP, h;nfO{ d clt g} cfb/ /
;Ddfg uy]{+ . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] hfuL/ vf“bfvf“b} s'lGg lsg xf] pgn]
/fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP . cToGt eb|enfb\dL, efj's / d]xgtL lyP pgL .
pgnfO{ klg d}n] o; Jofkf/df ;xefuL u/fpg vf]h]+ . kmf]g ugf{;fy pgL
cToGt v';L eP, dl;t sfd ug{sf nflu 3/hUuf a]Rg;Dd klg tof/ lyP
pgL .
b'a} ;fyLsf] kRrL;—kRrL; k|ltzt / af“sL ;a} d}n] g} nufgL

u/]+ . 7d]nd} Pp6f 3/sf] bf];|f] tnfdf 5 xhf/ dfl;s axfn lt/]/
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;f]r
Osf]6]nsf] gfdn] k;n vf]lnof] . k;n agfp“bf d Ps dlxgf;Dd
l;sdL{x¿l;t a;]/ ToxL+ lrof vfGy], ToxL dMd lsGg nufO{ vfP/ sfd
uy]{+ . d]/f] xf]6]ndf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L 5Ss ky]{ . pgLx¿ ;f]Ry] xf]nfg\ lsg
Tof] ;fgf] k;n vf]Ng'kg]{ † km]l/ ToxL“ a;]/ lsg sfd ug'{kg]{, c¿ s;}nfO{
sfddf nufP klg t x'GYof] lg † dnfO{ ha s'g} sfd ubf{ /dfOnf] nfU5,
Tof] 7"nf] of ;fgf] h] h:tf] eP klg k|ToIf ;+nUg x'G5' . jf:tjdf d Toxf“
sfd ul//x]sf] lyOg“, /dfOnf] ul//x]sf] lyP“ . Osf]6]n v'n]kl5 d]/f]
xf]6]nleqsf] 6]lnkmf]gsf] cfDbfgL 36\5 eGg] klg dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . t/ d]/f
b'O{hgf ;fyLl;t ;“u} sfd ug{ kfpg' d]/f] nflu w]/} v';Lsf] s'/f lyof] .
klxn] t dnfO{ 8/ klg nfu]sf] lyof], pgLx¿sf] k};f t nufgL ul/lbP“,
rn]g eg] s] ug]{ eg]/ . d]/f] nufgLsf] dnfO{ Tolt lrGtf lyPg t/ dnfO{
8/ lyof] pgLx¿sf] nufgL 8'Jnf ls eGg] . k;n yfk]sf] b'Olbg;Dd t
Jofkf/} ePg . t];|f] lbgb]lv u|fxsx¿ cfpg yfn] . tLg dlxgfleqdf Jofkf/
olt /fd|f] eof] ls ;a} nufgL g} p7\of] . bz dlxgf;Dd Psbd /fd|f]
cfDbfgL eof] . xfdL ;a} v';L x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] .
x/]s ;f“em d cfºgf] xf]6]n 5f]8L Tof] ;fgf] clkm;df ;fyLl;t ldn]/
lrof vf“b} lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] cfDbfgLsf] lx;fa u/]/ /dfOnf] uy]{+ . t/
dnfO{ z+sf lyof] lbg b'u'gf /ft rf}u'gf eg]e+}m o:tf] Jofkf/ w]/} lbg;Dd
l6Sg g;Snf ls eg]/ † s;} g s;}n] xfd|f] ;kmntf lgofln/fv]sf] xf]nf .
olb xfdLn] t'¿Gt} c¿ 7fp“x¿df yk o:t} ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ vf]n]gf}+ eg]

k|ltkwf{df af“Rg uf¥xf] x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nflu;s]sf] lyof] . To;a]nf xfdL
bf];|f] tnfdf lyof}+ . ca /fd|f] 7fp“df Osf]6]nsf c¿ zfvfx¿ vf]Ng'k¥of]
eg]/ d af/Daf/ ;fyLx¿nfO{ eGg] uy{]+ . pgLx¿ t k;n rn]sf]df b¨
lyP . o;nfO{ c¿ ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg] k|of;} ePg . cflv/ z+sf u/]h:t}
Pp6f—b'O6f kmf6k'm6 ubf{ub}{ 7d]ndf bh{gf}+ 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k;nx¿ v'n] .
klxn] krxQ/ k|ltzt gfkmfdf ;]jf k|bfg uYof}{+ t/ kl5 gfkmfsf] k|ltzt
36\bf–36\bf rf/ kf“r k|ltzt;Dd emb}{ uof] . cflv/ k;n} aGb ug'{k¥of] .
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;f]r
k;nn] sdfPsf] k};f t clncln af“sL g} lyof] . k};f af“8]/

lng'eGbf s'g} Ps csf]{ wGbfdf nufpg vf]h]+ . t/ s]df < /fh]Gb| /fhgLltdf
nfu]sf], /fd|f] af]Ng ;Sg] / /fd|f] n]Vg;Sg] ePsf] x'“bf ;fKtflxs klqsf
lgsfNg] xf] ls eGg] dgdf cfof] . cfk"mnfO{ klg kqsfl/tfdf cln ;f]v
ePsf] x'“bf cln u}/ /fhgLlts kf/fn] ljsf;d'vL klqsf ;'¿ ug]{ lg0f{o
ul/of] . xfdLn] :juL{o uf]kfnbf; >]i7, dNn s] ;'Gb/, Zofd s]=;L= /
/Tgdfg zfSonfO{ ;+nUg u/L kIf–ljkIf k|sfzg k|f=ln= sDkgL btf{ u¥of}+ /
…k|hftGqÚ gfdsf] klqsf k|sflzt u¥of}{+ . klqsfsf] d'Vo nIo s'g}klg
kf6L{l;t ;+nUg gx'g] / ljjfbf:kb ljifoj:t'nfO{ …pQ/ / blIf0fÚ af6
;dfnf]rgf ug{ kß/Tg t'nfw/ / ch'{g g/l;+x s]=;L= nfO{ lgDTofof}+ .
klqsfsf] ;f7L k|ltzt ljifoj:t' /fhgLlt /fVg], rfnL; k|ltzt ;+/If0f /
cGo ;d;fdlos ljifox¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] lg0f{o eof] . lul/hfsf] h'Qf
x/fof], dfwj g]kfnsf] rZdf k'mTSof] cflb—OToflb jfOoft /fhgLlts xf]xNnf
/ d;nf k|:t't ug'{sf] ;f6f] s'gs'g pBdLn] s]—s] pBf]u u/] / sf] g]kfnL
sxf“sxf“ s] ub}{5g\ h:tf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf s'/fx¿ k|:t't ug{ xfdLn]
vf]Hof}+ . To;df g]kfnsf sd{of]uLx¿sf] rrf{ 5flkGYof] . s'g g]kfnLsf
5f]/fx¿n] ljb]zdf uP/ 7"nf–7"nf sfd ul//fv]sf 5g\\ eGg] hfgsf/L lbg
…ljb]zsf] rf}v6af6Ú eGg] :tDe /fVof}+ . rf/—kf“r jif{;Dd t k|hftGq
klqsf /fd|} rNof] . u|fxs klg Psbd a9]sf lyP . t/ ;g;gLk"0f{ va/sf]
sdLn] ubf{ To;nfO{ lg/Gt/ rnfpg ;lsPg . ;fKtflxs klqsfnfO{ ha;Dd
k'm6kfyaf6 a]Rg ;ls+b}g, ta;Dd grNg] /x]5 .
klqsf aGb x'“bf dnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] lyof] . slxn]sfxL+ xf]6]ndf

ylst eO{ ps';—d's'; x'“bf k|hftGqsf]] clkm;df uO{ ljleGg vfn] JolQm;“u
s'/fsfgL ug]{ df}sf kfp“y]+ . sf]xL—sf]xL x]bf{ n'/] nfd|] h:tf nfUg] t/ la:tf/}
cfºgf] jf}l4stf bzf{pg yfn] eg] crDd} vfnsf † t/ sf]xL 7"nf g]tf /
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;f]r
a'l4hLjL eGg]x¿, hf];“u ;txL 1fgafx]s c¿ s]xL gx'g] /x]5 .
cfdhgtfdf pgLx¿sf] k|ltlaDa cs}{ ePklg jf}l4s:t/df eg] vf]qmf] /
sd{If]qdf cx+ afx]s s]xL e]l6Pg . …k|hftGqÚ klqsfdf sfd ubf{ub}{ d}n]
o:tf—o:tf g]tf egfp“bf JolQmx¿ klg lrg]+, h;n] of] vfN8f]sf] Ogf/eGbf
aflx/sf] ;+;f/ slxNo} b]v]s} lyPgg\ . t/ cj;/ kfof] ls df}sf 5f]lkxfNg] .
sf]xL k|;f/—k|rf/sf ef]sf . kmnfgf k|wfgdGqLl;t o:tf] eof], kmnfgfl;t
o:tf] s'/f u/]+ eGb} Wjf“; lbP/ e"m6sf] v]tL ub}{ lx+8\g] g]tfx¿l;t klg
;Dks{ eof] . x'g t klqsf cfly{s b[li6n] ;kmn x'g ;s]g t/ o;sf]
;}4flGts dd{nfO{ sfod /fVg eg] ;Ifd eof] . jl/i7 blIf0fkGyL kqsf/
:juL{o uf]kfnbf; >]i7, pQ/kGyL kqsf/ dNn s] ;'Gb/ clg Zofd s]=;L=
h:tf jl/i7 kqsf/x¿l;t tLg—rf/ jif{ sfd ug{ kfp“bf d}n] g]kfnsf]
/fhgLlts, cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs kl/l:yltnfO{ glhs}af6 lrGg] / hfGg]
df}sf kfP“ . Tof] ;do d]/f] lhGbuLsf] Pp6f kmnbfoL / pkof]uL sfnv08
;fljt eof] .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—(
cfzf / lg/fzfsf] lkªdf

lkªdf
ha d e'mln/x]+
ælhGbuLsf] psfnf] nfUg] a]nf slxn]sfxL+ dflg;nfO{ ysfO{ nfU5, rf}tf/Ldf
a;]/ ;'dw'/ uLt ;'Gg dg nfU5, ;ËLtsf] w'gdf u'gu'gfpg dg nfU5 clg
cf“vf lrlDnP/ ;kgfsf] ;+;f/df x/fpg dgnfU5, of] ck|fs[lts xf]Og .
ck|fs[lts t jf:tljstfnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ g;s]/ efUg vf]Hg' xf] . jf:tljs
lhGbuL of] klg xf]Og ls cfºgf] st{Jo / nIonfO{ la;]{/ rf}tf/Ld} a;]/
;kgf b]Vg] / cfºgf] st{Joaf6 knfog x'g] . lhGbuL cufl8 a9\gsf lglDt
xf] . lhGbuLsf] csf]{ jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] xfdL ;w}+ psfnf] dfq
nflu/xGgf}+ . Pslbg cf]/fnf] nfUg} k5{ / cfºgf] clGtd nIodf k'Ug}k5{ .
cf]/fnf] emg'{cl3 psfnf] nfu]sf] a]nf lat]sf d"Nojfg\ kn / If0fx¿nfO{
la;{g'kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . o;/L la;{g vf]Hg' d"v{tf xf] t/ ctLtsf
If0fx¿nfO{ nf}/f] agfP/ lhGbuL u'hfg{ vf]Hg' dxfd"v{tf xf] . lqmofzLn
dflg;sf] lhGbuL lgd{n cfsfz h:tf] x'G5, x]bf{ Toxf“ s]xL b]lvb}g t/
cb[Zo jfo'd08ndf ;Kt/ªx¿ n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\\, ha pgLx¿sf] dgdf em/L
/ jiff{ x'G5, plgx¿sf] d'vf/laGb'df tL /ªx¿ OGb|wg'ifsf ¿kdf k|s6
x'G5g\ .Æ
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;f]r
dflg;sf] hLjgofqfdf ptf/—r9fjsf cg]s cf“wLa]/Lx¿ lg/Gt/
cfO/xG5g\\ . ;f]¥x jif{sf] slnn} pd]/df d]/f] ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . ljjfx x'“bf
cfºgL >LdtL s:tL xf]nL— /fd|L xf]nL ls g/fd|L eGg] lrGtfeGbf klg afa'n]
b'O{ hf]/ gof“ ;'6, eg]h:tf c¿ n'ufkmf6f / dgk/]sf] h'Qf lslglbPsf]df

v'a /dfPsf] lyP“ . ljjfxkl5 cfk"m k9\gd} Jo:t eOof], pRr lzIffsf nflu
ljb]z uOof] t/ >LdtL rflx+ cfdfsf] dgkg]{ sfG5L a'xf/L ePsfn] 3/
u[x:yLdf ;3fp“lyg\ . cfdf;“u} a;]/ pgL a9L wfld{s klg eO5g\ . To;a]nf
xfd|f] kl/jf/df sd pd]/df g} ljjfx u/fOlbg] rng lyof] . t/ >LdtLl;t
v'n]cfd k|]dfnfk ug{ rflx+ c;fWo} uf¥xf] . cfºgL >LdtLl;t lkmNd x]g{
hfgnfO{ klg dfOtL k7fP/ æn of] a]nf kmnfgf xndf cfOk'Ug"Æ eg]/
Pslsl;dn] efuL—efuL l;g]df x]g{ hfg'kYof]{ . lbgel/ sn]h hfg], ;f“em
Go"/f]8 3'Dg] clg >LdtLl;t Vofn7§f ug{ ;do g} gx'g] . ha dflg;sf]
slnnf] pd]/d} ljjfx x'G5, pgLx¿ aLr k|]dsf] xf] jf dfofsf] aGwg — s]n]
af“w]sf] x'G5 eGg} uf¥xf] . t/ k/Dk/fut j}lbs ;+:sf/df clUgnfO{ ;fIfL
/fvL Psrf]l6 ljjfx aGwgdf af“lwPkl5 k|]d xf];\ jf dfof, o;sf] s'g}
dtna /x“b}g . Pp6f cToGt ulx/f], e/kbf]{ / cb[Zo st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L –
af]wn] pgLx¿nfO{ af“w]sf] x'G5 .
;fg} pd]/df af“lwPsf] ljjfx—aGwgn] d]/f] d'6'leqsf] Zj]tkqdf Ps

lsl;dsf] slxNo} gd]l6g] st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Lsf] 6f“rf nufPsf] lyof] . t/
d]/f] ;lqmo hLjgsf] r~rn] dg cfsfzdf d8fl/O/x]sf] afbnh:t} 3l/ otf
p8\Yof], 3l/ ptf . dg / dl:tisleq cg]s /¨Lla/¨L ;kgfx¿
;nanfO/x]sf lyP . ;dosf] wf/;“u} d g]kfnL dg af]s]/ ;+;f/sf ljleGg
au}+rfx¿df k'tnL h:t} p8\g yfn]+ . sd{sf] vf]hLdf cg]s dd{:kzL{ cg'ej
ub}{ hLjgsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ rxfg{ yfn]+ . lhGbuLsf] ofqfdf slxn]sfxL+
x[boleq ;kgf / ljkgfsf Hjf/ef6fn] lvrftfgL ul//fv]sf x'G5g\ . dgdf
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;f]r
p7]sf lghL :jfy{sf s'/f dfgf}+ jf x[boleq n'ls/fv]sf st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Lsf
s'/f ;'gf}+ . a8f] uf¥xf] 5 5ftL / dl:tissf] cGtå{GånfO{ ;DxfNg .
d]/f] hLjgsf] lnlvt syfdf y'k— |} y'k}| clnlvt Pj+ cK7\of/f kfgfx¿
5g\ . ;a}sf] AofVof ug{ d ;lSbg“ . x'g t tL ;a} clnlvt kfgfx¿,
z'e]R5f, dfof, k|]d / ldqtfsf] d;Ln] sf]l/Psf 5g\\ lagfzJbdf . cGTo s]
x'G5 eg]/ yfxf kfP/} ;'¿ ul/Psf] x'“bf tL clnlvt knx¿ dfld{s eP/ klg
Ps lsl;dn] ;'vfGtd} kl/0ft ePsf lyP . d]/f] ljZjf;sf] hns'08df
hlt;'s} t/¨x¿ cfP uPklg, To; tfnsf ulx/fO{ / lsgf/f ;w}+ h:tfsf]
t:t} /x] . dgsf] tfndf pn]{sf tL 5fnx¿ 9'¨f ºof“s]/ p7]sf xf]Ogg\,
lhGbuLdf d}n] clxn];Dd wg ºof“s]/ dgsf] tfndf s[lqd 5fnx¿ slxn]
klg NofOg“ . j:t'tM k|s[ltsf] emf]Ssfaf6 l;h{gf ePsf x'g\ tL 5fnx¿ .
;do;fk]If kl/jlt{t :jefjsf tL ¿kf}nf / ;'gf}nf 5fnx¿ TolQ g} ;To
5g\ hlt ;To 5g\ …x\o'dg lkmln¨Ú .
dg'iosf] cGtM:s/0fsf] ;+hfn clt h]lnPsf] / ;fªnL k/]sf] 5

dfs'/fsf] hfnf]h:tf] . To:t} 5 d]/f] lhGbuL, ldng / la5f]8, dfof / Tofun]
lk/f]lnPsf] . s'jfsf] Eofu'tf] eP/ af“Rg / dg{ ;lhnf] 5 t/ ;+;f/sf]
jf:tljstf;“u va/ ln+b} kl/jt{gzLn lhGbuL latfpg ;lhnf] 5}g .
;s];Dd To:tf h~hfndf km:b} gkm:g', km:g] g} xf] eg] ta km:g' ha To;
rqmJo"xaf6 lg:sg] tfut x'G5 . oyfy{df dfgjLo ljljw kIf;“u ;DaGw
uf“:b} lhGbuLsf d"No / dfGotfnfO{ a'¤g] xf] eg], efjgfTds ;~hfndf
n'ls/fv]sf cb[Zo kn / cg'ejx¿n] w]/} l;sfp“5g\\ . To:tf clnlvt /
cb[Zo knx¿ ;To eP/ klg c;To x'G5g\\ / c;To eP/ klg ;To . t/ d
efUodfgL 5' lsgls Tof] dfofsf] rqmJo"xnfO{ d}n] tf]8\g ;s]+ .
lhGbuLsf] psfnf] nfUg] a]nf slxn]sfxL+ dflg;nfO{ ysfO{ nfU5,

rf}tf/Ldf a;]/ ;'dw'/ uLt ;'Gg dg nfU5, ;+uLtsf] w'gdf u'gu'gfpg dg
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;f]r
nfU5 clg cf“vf lrlDnP/ ;kgfsf] ;+;f/df x/fpg dgnfU5, of] ck|fs[lts
xf]Og . ck|fs[lts t dfgjLo kIfsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ g;s]/
efUg vf]Hg' xf] . jf:tljs lhGbuL of] klg xf]Og ls cfºgf] st{Jo /
nIonfO{ la;]{/ rf}tf/Ld} a;]/ ;kgf b]Vg] / cfºgf] st{Joaf6 knfog x'g] .
lhGbuL cufl8 a9\gsf lglDt xf] . lhGbuLsf] jf:tljstf s] klg xf] eg]
xfdL ;w}+ psfnf] dfq nflu/xGgf}+ . Pslbg cf]/fnf] nfUg}k5{ / cfºgf] clGtd
nIodf k'Ug}k5{ . cf]/fnf] emg'{cl3 psfnf] nfu]sf] a]nf lat]sf d"Nojfg\ kn
/ If0fx¿nfO{ la;{g' kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . o;/L la;{g vf]Hg' d"v{tf xf]
t/ ctLtsf tL If0fx¿nfO{ nf}/f] agfP/ lhGbuL u'hfg{ vf]Hg' dxfd"v{tf xf] .
lqmofzLn dflg;sf] lhGbuL lgd{n cfsfz h:tf] x'G5, x]bf{ Toxf“ s]xL
b]lvb}g t/ cb[Zo jfo'd08ndf ;Kt/ªx¿ n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\\, ha pgLx¿sf]
dgdf em/L / jiff{ x'G5, pgLx¿sf] d'vf/laGb'df tL /ªx¿ OGb|wg'ifsf]

¿kdf k|s6 x'G5g\ .
slxn]sfxL+ d lhGbuLsf] OGb|wg'ifnfO{ cWoog ug{ vf]H5',

dgdf p7]sf Hjf/ef6fnfO{ d"NofÍg ug{ vf]H5' t/ d cfk"m—cfk}+mnfO{ lrGg
;lSbg . slxn]sfxL+ d cfk"mnfO{ anjfg\ eG7fG5' t slxn] clt lga{n .
slxn]sfxL+ d bfz{lgs aGg k'U5' t slxn] aRrf h:tf] r~rn . d]/f]
lhGbuLdf cg]s efjljx\jn If0fx¿ cfP / uP . dgn] eG5 Pp6f s'/f,
lbdfun] eG5 cs}{ . Pstfsf dg / dl:tissf] åGå d]/f] lhGbuLdf olt
nfdf] ;do;Dd rln/x\of] ls d}n] s'g} lg0f{o lng} ;lsg“ . lhGbuLsf] lkª
slxn] otf slxn] ptf em'ln/x]sf] lyof] .
ToxL qmddf d}n] Pp6f ddf{xt 36gfsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . cf“wLa]/L

cfpbf aQL lge]kl5 cGwsf/ dWo/ftdf cs:dft\ lah'nL rDs]/ 8/nfUbf]
u8\u8fx6sf] cfjfh cfp“bf cflQPh:tf] . slxNo} u'gf;f] gkf]Vg] d]/L >LdtL
;fg'5f]/Ln] Pslbg lk;fk kf]n]sf] / lk;fk clnslt /ut au]sf] s'/f dnfO{
nfh dfgL—dfgL elgg\ . d}n] 8f= bnLsxf“ hrfpg nu]+ . leq sf]7fdf kGw|
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;f]r
ldg]6 hlt hf“lr;s]kl5 8fS6/n] d]/f] d'vdf ;Lwf gx]/L …7Ls} 5 zfSohL,
clxn]nfO{ of] cf}iflw lbO/fvf}+ t/ tkfO{+nfO{ ;do ldN5 eg] Psrf]l6 ljb]zdf
hf“Rg nu]klg x'G5Ú elgg\ . d s]xL l5gsf nflu csdSs k/]+ dgdf
clnslt 8/klg nfUof] . d}n] >LdtLsf cufl8 s]xL s'/} ul/g . s]xL
pkrf/sf s'/f u/]/ d 3/ kms]{+ . pgnfO{ 3/df k'¥ofP/ ToxLlbg d km]l/
lSnlgsdf uP“ / 8fS6/nfO{ ;f]w]+, æcflv/ ePsf] s] <Æ 8fS6/n] c;lhnf]
kf/fn] dnfO{ elgg\ …s0f{hL, efph"nfO{ SofG;/ eP h:tf] b]lvG5 . d]/f]
ljrf/df tkfO{+n] Psrf]l6 lbNnLdf nu]/ hrfpg' knf{ .Ú cfª Ps}rf]l6 l;l/¨
eP/ cfof] . d d]rdf yrSs} a;]+ . plEeO/xg] zlQm g} ePg ddf . d}n]
af]Ng] k|of; u/]+ t/ af]nL g} km'6]g . 8fS6/n] dnfO{ Ps lunf; kfgL lbOg\ .
kfgL lkpg vf]h]+, lgNg} ;lsg . 8fS6/nfO{ s]xL gegLsg Psl5g kl5 d
lgl:sP“ . uf8Ldf r9]/ d rqmkysf] rSs/ sfl6/x]+, sfl6/x]+ . uf8L rNb}5,
d]/f xftdf :6]l/ª 5 t/ d sxf“ k'u]+ / sxf“ hf“b}5', yfxf 5}g . >LdtLsf]
dlngf] cg'xf/ d]/f cf“vfcufl8 emnemnL cfO/x\of] . uf8L rnfp“bf—rnfp“b}
cfºgf] 6fpsf] :6]l/ªdf 7f]Sb} of] s] ePsf] egL cfk"mn] cfk}+mnfO{ sf]:g yfn]+ .
dgdl:tissf] h'g cGtå{Gån] dnfO{ jiff}{+b]lv ;tfO/x]sf] lyof],

;fg'5f]/Lsf] ddf{xt JoyfkZrft\ d]/f] dfg;k6naf6 Tof] cGtj]{bgf w"jf“ p8]
h:t} p8]/ uof] . SofG;/ ePsf] zÍf x'gf;fy d]/L >LdtLsf ;a} u'0fx¿
d]/f] lbdfusf] kbf{df Ps—Ps u/L e'mlNsg yfn] . ;f“Rr} uf}k|f0fL h:tL
;b\u'0fL, wdf{Tdf, s8f b'OzAb af]Ng g;Sg], d';'d';' xf“;]/ 6f/L lbg]— To:tL
;f}Do lyOg\ pgL . slxNo} c¿sf] u'gf;f] gug]{, emu8f gug]{ . slxn]sfxL+
pgsf] o:tf] zfnLg :jefj b]v]/ d lbSs klg x'Gy]+ . nf]Ug]—:jf:gL ePkl5
slxn] emu8f klg ug'{k5{, emu8f ug'{ klg /dfOnf] x'G5 egL d eGy]+ .
pgL;“u lat]sf, 36]sf cg]s s'/fx¿ ;Dem“bf—;Dem“b} /ftsf] cf7 aHg
yfn]5 . d sxf“ hfg] < 3/ s;/L kms{g] < d}n] 3/ cfpg] lxDdt g} ug{
;lsg“ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s;/L s] eGg] < ha dfG5]dfly cToGt b'MvbfoL If0f
cfp“5 of ah|kft k5{, To;af/]df kl/jf/nfO{ eGg c;fWo} uf¥xf] x'g]/x]5 .
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;f]r
;f/f af]em, ;f/f b'Mv cfk"m PSn} af]Sg tof/ x'“bf]/x]5 dfG5] t/ b'Mvsf] ef/L
kl/jf/nfO{ af]sfpg cToGt uf¥xf] x'g]/x]5 . cflv/ 3/ uP“ dgdf 9'Ëf /fv]/,
d'vdf s[lqd xf“;f] lnP/ . ef]lnkN6 dgsf] Joyf cToGt uf¥xf] lsl;dn] d]/f]
bfh'nfO{ eg]+ . 5f]/fx¿ ;fg} lyP, pgLx¿nfO{ eGg] t cf“6} ul/g“ .
To;a]nf g]kfndf SofG;/ /f]u klxrfg ug]{ s'g} k|ljlw lyPg .

;L6L:Sofg, /]l8of] y]/fkL h:tf s'g}klg ;fwg lyPgg\ g t SofG;/sf]
pkrf/ ug]{ ljz]if1 g} lyP . xfdL pkrf/sf] qmddf a}Ís hfg] lgwf]df
k'Uof}+ . t/ To;a]nf rflxg]hlt 8n/ k|fKt x'“b}gYof], ls t ANofsdf
lsGg'kYof]{, ls t x'08Laf6 . d]/L elthL a'xf/L laGb' zfSonfO{ ;fy lnO{
>LdtL;lxt a}Íssf] ;ldlte]h c:ktfndf k'Uof}+ . c:ktfn Psbd /fd|f]
lyof], kf“rtf/] xf]6]nh:tf] . leq k'Ugf;fy, Toxf“sf] jftfj/0f b]v]/ dgdf
cf; / ljZjf; hfUof] . c:ktfndf hf“Rg'kg]{ ;a} hrfP“ . cGttM /f]u
SofG;/ g} xf] eGg] 7x/ eof] . SofG;/n] bf];|f] r/0f kf/ ul/;s]sf] /x]5 .
8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ klxn] /]l8of]y]/fkLaf6 ;]sfpg] clg kl5 kf7]3/
lr/kmf/ u/L ºof“Sg] lg0f{o eof] .
t/ dnfO{ Pp6} 8/ lyof] d]/L >LdtLn] SofG;/ /f]u nfu]sf] 5 egL

yfxf kfplng\ eGg] . d}n] / d]/f] kl/jf/n] pgnfO{ SofG;/ eof] eg]/ slxNo}
eg]gf}+ . hlxn] klg ;To n'sfpg] uYof}{+ . 8fS6/x¿nfO{ klg of] s'/f geGgsf
lgldQ cg'/f]w uYof}{+ . ha gof“ 8fS6/ pgnfO{ x]g{ cfp“y], xtf/—xtf/ klxn]
g} SofG;/sf] zAb glgsfNg pgnfO{ cg'/f]w uYof}}{+ . >LdtLsf] cufl8 slxNo}
klg SofG;/sf] zAb;Dd klg pRrf/0f ug{ lbPgf}+ . t/ d]/f] cg'dfg 5 pgn]
cfk"mnfO{ 7"nf] /f]u nfUof] eg]/ yfxf kfO;s]sL lyOg\ . slxn]sfxL+ pgnfO{
o:tf] klg nfu]sf] x'g;S5, æd af“R5' / <Æ . pgn] o;af/] slxn] klg s'/f
ul/gg\ . pgnfO{ Pp6} kL/ lyof] dnfO{ b'Mv x'G5 eGg] . To:tf] cK7\of/f]
38Ldf deGbf d]/L >LdtL g} axfb'/ b]lvOg\ . pgn] cfºgf] b'Mv / kL8f
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;f]r
cf“;'sf] ¿kdf slxNo} emfl/gg\ . t/ pgsf] t'ngfdf d sdhf]/ lyP“ . ha
dnfO{ c;x\o x'GYof], Pp6f axfgf agfP/ ;'g;fg 7fp“df uP/ ¿g yfNy]+ .
cf“;'n] d]/f cf“vf /ftf ePkl5 /ftfDo cf“vf b]lVng\ eg]/ d d'v w'g hfGy]+ .
;fg'5f]/Lsf] pkrf/sf nflu a}Ísdf xfdL eG8} 8]9 dlxgf a:g' kg]{
b]lvof] . d cQflnP“ lsgeg] a}Íaf6 ;f6]/ NofPsf] k};f / x'08Laf6 NofPsf]
8n/ /f]u klxrfg ubf{ub}{ ;lsOxfNof] . ca 8n/ sxf“ ANofsdf lng hfg] <
;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/af6 6f9f efiff ga'‰g] Pp6f cGhfg b]zdf slt nfdf] ;do
a:g] < g]kfn} hfp“m ls ef/tdf uP/ pkrf/ u/f}+ ls eGg] klg dgdf nfu]sf]
lyof] . t/ a'xf/L laGb'n] dnfO{ 7"nf] 9f8\; lbOg\ . cflv/ xfdLn] a}Ísd}
pkrf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of}+ . ;fg'5f]/LnfO{ /f]un] emg\—emg\ rfKb} uof] . cfzf /
lg/fzfn] d]/f] dgnfO{ l5GgleGg agfof] . slxn] lgsf] xf]nf eGg] cfzf,
slxn] arfpg ;lsPnf / eGg] zÍf . b'Mv / si6sf] kvf{n emg\emg\ cUnf]
x'“b} uof] . t/ ;docg';f/ dg klg alnof] eP/ hf“bf] /x]5 . xf]Og eg]
dflg; s;/L af“Rg ;S5 / † hlthlt b'Mv a9\5, Tolt Tolt dgklg bl/nf]
eP/ cfp“bf] /x]5 .
Pslbg 8fS6/n] ;fg'5f]/Lsf] ca w]/} lbg af“sL 5}g eGg] ;+s]t

lbPkl5 dnfO{ pgsf] x/]s OR5f kl/k"lt{ ug{ dg nfUof] . t/ Ps}rf]l6 eGbf
pgn] zÍf uln{g\ eg]/ d}n] Pp6f rnfvL u/]+ . ;aeGbf klxn] d}n] cfºgf]
OR5f hfx]/ u/]/ ædnfO{ g]kfnsf ;a} zx/df cf]a]/fon] h:t} xf]6]n vf]Ng
dgk5{ . ltdLnfO{ s] dgk5{ egÆ, eg]+ .+ pgn] d]/f] xft ;dft]/ cf“vfaf6
a/// cf“;' emfb}{ elgg\, æw]/} lbg ef] d}n] eft gksfPsf], sf7df8f}df uP/
eft ksfP/ ;a} kl/jf/nfO{ v'jfpg OR5f 5 d]/f] .Æ d]/f] x[bodf To;a]nf
Pp6f c;x\o kL8fsf] Hjfnfd'vL p7\of] / k'm6\of], 5ftL lrg]{ u/L b'Mvsf]
em8\sf k¥of] . t/ d}n] 7"nf] k|of;n] cf“vfaf6 cf“;' emg{ eg] lbOg . To;a]nf
d}n] ¿jfO{ s;/L /f]s]+, dnfO{ yfx} ePg . d}n] pgsf] cf“vf k'5\b} eg]+, æxt\
nf6L, eft ksfpg' t 5“b}5 lg † ltd|f] c¿ OR5f kf] ;f]w]sf] t d}n] . sxL+
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hfg] OR5f 5 ls, s]xL lsGg] OR5f 5 ls † Tof] kf] ;f]w]sf] .Æ d]/L >LdtL
c;fWo} nfh dfGg] dfG5], oxf“;Dd ls xfdL b'O{ dfq x'“bfklg pgn] slxNo}
lzi6tf, zfnLgtf / eb|tfsf] ;Ldf/]vf gfl3gg\ . t/ To;a]nf l:ylt
efj'stfdf ¿kfGtl/t eof], d]/f] xftaf6 pgn] cfºgf] ufnf ;'d;'Dofpg
yflng\ .
Pp6f xftn] d]/f] xft s:b} csf]{ xftn] cfºgf] cf“;' k'5\b} pgn]
elgg\ …ltdL c;fWo} r'/f]6 vfG5f} . r'/f]6 5f]l8b]pm g .Ú dnfO{ nfUof], d d]/L
>LdtLk|lt clt g} cfslif{t x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5' . ;QfO; jif{sf] nfdf] j}jflxs
hLjgkl5 d pgLl;t km]l/ cs}{ cnf}lss 9Ën] k|]d ug{ uO/x]sf] 5' . d]/f
cf“vfdf pgsf cfGtl/s nIf0f / u'0fx¿ ;"o{ pbfPem}+ pbfpg yfn] . d}n]
pgnfO{ cflnËg ub}{ eg]+, æn d cfh}}b]lv r'/f]6 vfGg .Æ x'g t d}n] pgnfO{
w]/}rf]l6 9f“l6;s]sf] lyP“, wf]sf klg lbPsf] lyP“ . pgnfO{ lbg'kg]{ OHht klg
lbg ;s]sf] lyOg“ / pgnfO{ /fd|};“u yfxf lyof] d}n] h] eg] klg slxNo} Tof]
k"/f ulb{g eg]/ . t/ o;kfln pgnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] d]/f] jfrfdf ztk|ltzt
;Totf 5 eGg] . pgn] dnfO{ s'g} s;d v'jfOgg\ . xf]Og eg] klxn]—klxn]
o:tf]df o;f] ulb{g eGof] eg] …;To, w/f]wd{Ú eg]/ jfrfdf af“Wg vf]lHyg\ .
t/ o;kfln eg] dnfO{ To:tf] s'g} jfrf u/fOgg\ . dnfO{ k"/f kTofOg,\
cgGo ljZjf; ul/g\ pgn] .
ToxL lbg ;f“em d a}+Íssf] Pp6f l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/ uP/ …Oe;]G6—

n/]G6Ú eGg] cToGt cfsif{s, dx“uf], ;'gf}nf] r'/f]6sf] b'O{ sf6'{g lsg]/ NofP“ .
;fg'5f]/L ;'lt/fv]s} vf6df ¿dfn cf]R5\ofP/ r'/f]6sf ;a} a§f vf]nL b'O{
;oj6f cfsif{s lvNnLx¿nfO{ vGofP/ b'O6} xftn] a];/L lk7f] d'5]h:t}
d'5\g yfn]+ . b'O;o lvNnL r'/f]6nfO{ w'nf]lk7f] kf/L d]/f dgleqsf

cGt/s'Gt/df n's]sf] na:t/f] tntnl;t d}n] s8f ;+3if{ u/]+ . d}n] k|0f u/],+
æcfh}b]lv d Pp6f r'/f]6 klg lkp“lbg .Æ Tof]eGbf klxn] d lbgsf] b'O{ kfs]6
r'/f]6 lkpy]+ . r'/f]6lagf d n]Vg ;lSbgy]+ . t/ cfh cfºgL >LdtLsf]
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;f]r
jfrfdf d af“lwg rfx]sf] 5' / cfh;Dd pgsf] ljZjf;nfO{ d}n] sfod}
/fv]sf] 5' r'/f]6 glkP/ . dk|lt pgsf] :g]x, k|]d, dfof / Kof/ ;Dk"0f{
;dk{0fsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf d}n] r'/f]6h:tf] s'nt Tofu]sf] 5', r'/f]6sf] b"lift
w"jf“ ;bfsf nflu kmflnlbPsf] 5' . To;a]nf v';Ln] ;fg'5f]/L d':s'/fpg
yflng\ / ha pgsf] ck"j{ v';Lo'Qm cGt/fTdfsf] cfjfh d}n] ;'g]+, ;Dk"0f{
b'Mv d}n] Ps}l5gdf la;]{+ . x'g t pgL w]/} b'AnL e};s]sL lyOg\ t}klg pgsf]
r]x/fdf Pp6f clåtLo JolQmTj emlNs/x]sf] lyof] . jf:tjdf pgL clt /fd|L
cfOdfO{ lyOg\ . zfSo ;d'bfodf pgsf] ;f}Gbo{sf af/]df rrf{ x'GYof] .
pgL slt /fd|L / ;b\u'0fL 5g\\ eGg] s'/f d}n] ;g\ !(*@ df xfdL
>LnÍf hf“bf yfxf kfP“+ . To;a]nf /0fl;+3] k|]dbf;f >LnÍfsf] k|wfgdGqL lyP
. Pp6f 7"nf af}4 wd{u'? dxfgfos 7]/f] sf]tuf]b' wDdfjf;n] dnfO{
k|]dbf;fl;t lrgfkrL{ u/fOlbPsf lyP . xfdL k|]dbf;fnfO{ a'4sf] Pp6f d"lt{
pkxf/ lbg uPsf lyof}+ . k|]dbf;fsL >LdtLn] ;fg'5f]/LnfO{ cfºgf] 3/sf]
au}+rf b]vfpg nlug\ . d]/L >LdtL c+u|]hL efiff af]Ng ghfGg] x'“bf s] s'/f
ul5{g\ xf]nf egL dgdf v'Nb'nL nfu]sf] lyof] . kl5 d}n] k|wfgdGqLsL
>LdtL;“u ;f]w]+, æd]8d tkfO{+n] pgLl;t s;/L jftf{nfk ug'{ef] <Æ ;fg'5f]/L
d';'d';' xf“l;/fv]sL lyOg\ . k|wfgdGqLsL Zofdj0f{sL >LdtL;“u} cToGt uf]/L
;fg'5f]/L a:bf t pgL emg /fd|L b]lvlGyg\ . s]xL If0fsf lgldQ dnfO{ uj{
klg nfUof] slt /fd|L d]/L :jf:gL eg]/ . k|wfgdGqLsL >LdtLn] elgg\
æxf]Og, xfdLn] dgsf] efiffaf6 jftf{ u¥of} .Æ To;sf] 7Ls 5 dlxgfkl5
dnfO{ g]kfnsf nflu >LnÍfsf] jfl0fHob"tdf dgf]gLt u/]/ k7fOof] . dnfO{
jfl0fHob"t dgf]gog ug'{df zfob krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L e"ldsf
;fg'5f]/Lsf] ;'Gb/ d'xf/ / zfnLg JolQmTjn] v]n]sf] x'g'k5{ . s'g} efiff
gaf]nL d';'d';' xf“;L pgn] /0fl;¨] k|]dbf;f tyf pgsL >LdtL / >LnÍfsf
dxTjk"0f{ wd{u'? sf]6'uf]w' wDdfjf;nfO{ df]lxt kf/]sL lyOg\ . dnfO{ ljZjf;
5, ToxL sf/0faf6 dnfO{ >LnÍf ;/sf/n] jfl0fHob"tdf dgf]gLt u/]sf]
x'g'k5{ .
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;f]r
cGTodf ;fg'5f]/Lsf] l:ylt lau|+b} uPkl5 d}n] pgnfO{ g]kfndf lnP/
cfP“ . cf;n] t dfof dfl/;s]sf] lyof] t}klg ef/tsf ljleGg xl:k6ndf
hrfpg nu]+ . cflv/ clGtd If0fdf 8fS6/x¿sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ g]kfnd}
kmsf{P“ . af“Rg] cf;} lyPg . t/ Pp6f r'gf}tL lyof] >LdtLnfO{ s;/L
ljgfkL8f, ljgfj]bgf, ljgfsi6 clGtd hLjg latfpg lbg] eGg] . ;fg'5f]/Lsf]
SofG;/ lt3|fd'lg klg ;l/;s]sf] x'“bf v'§f ;'lGgPsf lyP . b'Vg] t xf]Og t/
/ft /fte/ pgnfO{ v'§f sxf“ /fv"“, sxf“ /fv"“ egL 56k6L x'g]/x]5 . Tof]
cj:yfdf pgsf] v'§f ldlrlbPkl5 cln cf/fd x'g]/x]5 . clg d pgL
glgbfP;Dd vf6d'lg d]rdf a;]/ v'§f ldlr/xGy] . slxn]sfxL+ pgL ¿lGyg\
cfºgf] nfUg]nfO{ v'§f ldrfpg' kbf{ . d pgnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbb} eGy]+, æx]/,
ltdLnfO{ d}n] hfgL ghfgL w]/} b'Mv lbO;s]+ . cfh d cGt/fTdf b]lv g} ltd|f]
;]jf ug{ rfxG5' .Æ xfd|f] slnnf] pd]/df ljjfx eof], slnn} pd]/d} aRrf
kfof}+ . t/ d lzIff—bLIff k|fKt ub}{ cfw'lgs ;+;f/sf] /]ndf r9]/
ef}ltsjfbsf] ;f+;fl/s 3f6 3f6df kfgL lkpb} uP“ . kl/jGbn] eg"“ jf
;f+:s[lts ljjztfn] pgn] u[x:yLsf] wd{sd{ lgefp“b} kfl/jfl/s hLjg
latfO/lxg\ . zfob To;}n] xf]nf, pgn] slxNo} klg cfºgf] clwsf/ vf]Hg
hflggg\, clwsf/sf lglDt slxNo} ;+3if{ ul/gg\, ;w}+ st{Jo dfq kfng
ul/g\ . cfºgf] sd{k|ltsf] c6'6 ljZjf; / w}o{n] cflv/ pgn] cfºgf]
hLjgnIo k|fKt ul/xflng\ . kltsf] ;Dk"0f{ dgdl:tis pgLk|lt cflv/
Tj+z/0fd\ eOxfNof] . clwsf/ vf]Hg]n] Ifl0fs nIo k|fKt u5{ t/ st{Jo
lgefpg]n] clGtd nIo . ;fg'5f]/Lsf] vf6d'lg d]rdf a;]/ 6fpsf] vf6df
/fvL v'§f ldRbfldRb} d clwsf/ / st{Josf] bfz{lgs n]g]b]gaf/] ;f]lr/xGy]+ .
pgL la:tf/} d]/f] 6fpsf]d'lg tlsof /fv]/ xftsf cf}+nfx¿n] d]/f] 6fpsf]
;'d;'DofO/x]sL x'lGyg\ kl5 t pgL ;'Tg'eGbf cl3 d g} ;'lt;s]sf] x'Gy]+ .
klta|tf cfOdfO{sf nflu zfob of]eGbf csf]{ ;'vdo If0f} 5}g ls <
egfO g} 5, b'Mv ha cfp“5 PSn} cfp“b}g . j:t'tM d]/f nflu of]

;f“rf] ;fljt eof] . ToxLtfsf d]/L h]7L 5f]/L ;DemgfnfO{ ue{jtL cj:yfdf
vf]sL nfUof], 5ftL cln b'Vof] eg]/ 8fS6/sxf“ hrfpg hf“bf PS;/]df sfnf]
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;f]r
bfu b]lvPkl5 6L=aL= sf] zÍfdf pkrf/ u/fO/fv]sf lyof}+ . t/ /f]un]
emg\emg\ rfKb} Nofof] . 5f]/LnfO{ klg c:ktfndf egf{ ul/of] . s:tf] bzf
xf]nf † otf >LdtL la/fdL, csf]{tkm{ 5f]/L klg la/fdL . kl5 8f= O{Zj/nfn
>]i7n] dnfO{ la:tf/} eg], æs0f{hL, of] 6L=aL= xf]Og h:tf] 5
Coreo Carcinoma eGg] SofG;/ h:tf] 5 . of] SofG;/ aRrfsf] gnLaf6 cfP/
cfdfsf] 5ftLdf ;5{ . To;a]nf dnfO{ eujfgk|lt olt ljt[i0ff hfUof] d]/f]
k"hfsf]7Ldf ;hfP/ /fv]sf ;a} b]ptfx¿nfO{ Ps Ps u/L ºofs“" h:tf]
eof] . To:tf] ddf{xt s'/f d >LdtLnfO{ s;/L eg"“ hf] cs}{ xl:k6ndf ¿U0f
zøofdf k/]sL 5g\\ . d}n] cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNg ;lsg“, 6fpsf] b'Vg nfUof] . ;xg
g;s]/ cNhf]kfd cf}iflw vfg yfn]+ . t}klg dgleq hn]sf] cfuf] sd ePg .
d]/L c;L jif{sL cfdfsf] sfvdf cfºgf] 6fpsf] /fvL j]bgfn] ;xg} g;s]/ d
aRrf h:tf] /f]P“ . d olt kfkL t xf]Og dnfO{ o:tf] b'Mv lsg ePsf] < d]/L
cfdfn] Pp6f ;fgf] syf ;'gfpb} eGg'eof], æeujfg\n] ltd|f] b'Mv hf“lr/x]sf
5g\\ . ltdL Tof] hf“rdf km]n x'g' x'“b}g . xl/ZrGb| klg slt wdf{Tdf lyP, slt
bfgjL/ lyP t/ pgnfO{ slt b'Mv ;xg' k¥of] . eujfg\n] o:t} dfG5]nfO{ b'Mv
lbG5g\\ . of] b'Mv xf]Og, ltd|f] k/LIff xf] .Æ cfdfsf tL zAbn] dnfO{ s]xL
alnof] agfP . o:tf] a]nf ¿g] xf]Og, w}o{n] sfd ug'{k5{ . w}o{ sfod /fv]/
;do ldnfO{ cfºgL >LdtL / 5f]/Lsf] h] hlt pkrf/ ug{ ;S5', d}n] ug'{kg]{
st{Jo k"/f ug{ sDd/ s;]+ . ca t cf“vfaf6 cf“;' cfpg klg 5f]l8;s]sf
lyP . dfgf}+ ;'ls;s]sf] lyof] ddf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ cf“;'sf] kf]v/L g} . s]xL
;dokl5 5f]/Lsf] b'Mvb b]xfGt eof] . cfºgL 5f]/Lsf] nfp“nfp“, vfp“vfp“ eGg]
pd]/d} b]xfGt ePsf] ;'g]/ ;fg'5f]/Ln] klg cfºgf] b'Mv /f]Sg ;lsgg\ / tLg
dlxgfkl5 d]/L >LdtLn] klg cfºgf] k|f0f Toflug\ . d]/f] hLjgsf] s7f]/
;+3if{sf] Pp6f kbf{ v:of] .
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;f]r
sfn;“u n8fO“
-ldltM h"g !(*&_
5}g sfn lg/fsf/
b]lv;s]+ d}n] af/Daf/
rNof] o'4 3g3f]/
pm;“u nuftf/ .
cfPsf] lyof] p;n] vf]:g
d]/f] d'6'sf] cfwf efu,
lsGt' lbg] s;/L p;nfO{
hLjgsf] Ps dfq cf; .
kl/jt{gzLn o; dTo{nf]sdf
sfNklgs 5}g st} oxf“ sfn
r9\b}g pm sfnf] jfxgdf
g t b]lvG5 pm q'm4 ljs/fn .
b]Vbf klxn] sfnsf] ¿k

ePy]+ d ls+st{Joljd"9
To;f] t zfGt} lyof] pm clxn]
rZdf nufPsL clns sfnL .
h;} lkmhfof] p;n] lr;f] xft
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;f]r
sdhf]/ d]/f] 3f“6Ldf Ps};fy
sf“Kof] dgdl:tis l;l/¨
lrl;of], clg nfl6of] ;f/f c¨ .
5ftL d]/f] k'mNb} uof]

;f; klg k]mg{ clt uf¥xf]
dfq 56kl6/x]+ d nfrf/ PSn}
ePsf] lyPg o:tf] dnfO{ slxNo} .
;f]w]+ d}n] cfk}+ml;t Pp6f k|Zg

lgM;xfonfO{ arfpg] oxf“ s:n] <
b]v]+ ;asf ;a oxf“ s7} †
sfns} kfzdf clNemPsf] .
;f]r]+ Psl5g, nfUof] dnfO{ clg
sfo/ t sxf“ lyP“ d klg Tolt,
clg h'Wg yfn]+ d sfn;“u 7f8},
ePe/sf] zlQm nufO{ t'?Gt} .
8'Ab} uof] ;do, laTb} uP lbg,

xtkt s'b]+ clg d klZrd,
x]b}{ dfofn'sf] cg'xf/,
Toxf“ b]v]+ d}n] b]ptfsf] baf{/ .
nfUof] Tof] dlGb/ kSs},
b]jL b]jtfsf] jf;:yfg,
cljnDa lgx'/]/ O{Zj/ ;dIf,
Dffu]+ d}n] gjhLjgsf] bfg .
bzf{O{ ;anfO{ dfof / ddtf,
d':s'/fO/x] Toxf“ eujfg\ ;f/f,
168
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;f]r
lrQnfO{ a'emfP“ cGttM d}n] tTsfn},
l5g}{ ;Sb}g Toxf“ sfn slxNo} .
t}klg nfUof] zª\sf dgdf,
x]/]+ rf/}lt/ bf}8fP/ cf“vf,
sfn t k'lu;s]sf] /x]5 Toxf“,
c:q lnP/ Zj]t j:qdf .
s7f]/ xf“;f] xf“:b} lgw{Ss,
rnfof] d'6'df cg]s rqm,
c;x\o j]bgfn] 56kl6P“,
O{Zj/ sNkL k]ml/ eHg k'u]+ .
lsGt' b]vf k/f];\ O{Zj/ Toxf“ s;/L,
pm t ple/x\of], sfns} ¿k wf/0f u/L .
cGttM efUg] ljrf/ TofuL d}n],
d}bfgdf afWo e} sDd/ s;]+ o'4d} .
o'4 rNg yfNof] a8f] hf]8tf]8,
sxf“ ;S5' / d Tof] dfofjLnfO{ k5fg{,
slxn] dfof slxn] nft,
l5gl5g aG5 a]xf]zLsf] /ft .
lanfp“5 xfjfdf sfn 5§',
ljjz 5' d p;nfO{ s] kf] ug{ ;SG5' <
ahfp“5 dnfO{ ;+ud/d/sf] alnj]bLdf,
lgM;xfo ;xL lbGy]+ d d'¶L cfk}+m s;L .
5ftL lk6\y+] kL8fn] d c;x\o eO{,
aUYof] cf“vfaf6 d]/f] /ut / cf“;',
ddf{xt kL8fn] 56kl6P/ clg d,
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;f]r
lrRofOlbGy]+ a];/L dlGb/ g} ysf{O{ .
uha 5— bofn' x'“bf]/x]5 sfn slxn]sfxL+,
5l/Psf d'6' Ps} 7fp“df ;f/f a6'nL,
;'d;'Dofpg yfNof] 6fpsf] d]/f] dfof u/L,
/f]P“ d aRrfh:t} p;s} sfvdf 3f]K6f] k/L .
b]ptf s]jn 9'¨f ePsf] To; dlGb/df,
c/0o/f]bg slt u/f}+ d cgsG6f/df <
;f]r—
]+ hLjg / d/0fsf] bf];f“wdf,
o'4 slt u?“ d af]sL pgLnfO{ sf“wdf <
oBlk cfzf d/]sf] 5}g, ulb{g d cfTd;dk{0f,
tlD;P“ d ;ª\3if{ ug{, nufO{ ;Dk"0f{ hLpHofg,
/0fe"ld x'“b}g o;kfln cGhfg,
x'G5 ca o'4 d]/f] cfºg} hGd:yfg .
d[To'b]lv tl;{Gg d ca rfx] xf];\ hDsfe]6,

rfnkfO{ c7f]6 d]/f], a]kQf eof] sfn nuQ},
t}klg df}sf x]/L lrofp“5 pm dsxf“ a/fa/,
9f]sf;Dd cfp“5 slxn], k]ml/ kmls{G5 r'krfk .
;ª\sNk d]/f] zfob p;n] ;s]g bafpg,
jf dfof nfUof] p;nfO{ d]/f] ;ª\nf]Hofg,
;Dk"0f{ c:q kmfNof] cGtdf ljjz eO{ sfn,
t/ u¥of] 6'gfdf]xgL ºof“s]/ dfofsf] hfn .
uha 5 sfn dfofjL klg x'“bf] /x]5,
cfsfzdfly Affbnleq pm lrofO/xG5,
h'w]5g\ pl;t dfofn'sf] gog cgfof;,
clg t gedf x]l//lxg\ pgLn] Psgfz .
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;f]r
pgsf] z"Go gogdf b]v]+ d}n] sfn 5n{+u,

t/ rflxgg\ pgL st} a:g xfdL sf]xL;“u,
a;\ sfn;“u r9\g tof/ l5g\ k'iks ljdfgdf,
tDtof/ 5g\ b'j} k'Ug cyfx uGtJodf .
r'krfk sxf“ hfg nfu]sL pgL s;}nfO{ yfx} glbO{,
kL8flagfsf] zfGt d'xf/ Ps;'/df pgL 6f]nfO/lxg\,
c“ufnf]df s:g vf]Hbf ;lsg pgLnfO{ d}n] 5'g,
dfq j:q 5f]8L lanfOg\ pgL z"Godf ;w}+ ;w}+sf] nflu .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!)
Ps k};faf6 SofG;/ c:ktfn

æha d cft'/ x'G5', dgdf lrGtf x'G5, ;d:ofsf] s'g} ;dfwfg kQf nufpg
d k|s[ltsf] sfvdf k'U5' ====== 3fGb|'ssf] dgf]/d ufp“sf] Pp6f rf}tf/Ldf
ysfO{ dfg{ kLknjf]6sf] ¿vsf] cf8df c8]; nfUb} 6f]nfP/ df5fk'R5«] x]l//x]+
====== To;}a]nf 3f“; jf bfp/fsf] ef/L af]s]sL Pp6L cw{a}+;] dlxnf cfOg\ /
rf}tf/Ldf ef/L la;fP/ nfdf] ;';]nL xfnL ;f; km]l/g\ ====== k6'sfaf6 Ps
kfs]6 r'/f]6 lgsfnL Pp6f r'/f]6 kf“r cf}+nfn] RofkL ;NsfOg\ / tfGg nflug\
====== b'O—{ tLg ldg]6 a:bfa:b} b'O{ lvNnL r'/f]6 ltgn] l;WofOg\ ======
cs:dft\ d]/f] lbdfudf Pp6f lx;falstfa plAhxfNof] ====== d}n] ;f]r]+, olb
Pp6L cfOdfO{n] lbgsf] b'O{ kfs]6 r'/f]6 lkp“l5g\\ eg] g]kfne/df slt r'/f]6
vkt x'“bf] xf]nf † d]/f] lbdfudf t'¿Gt} Pp6f csf]{ ljrf/ cfof] ====== olb
x/]s lvNnL r'/f]6df Psk};fdfq cGtMz'Ns nufof] eg] jif{sf] slt ¿k}of“
p7fpg ;lsG5 xf]nf † olb of] ;Dej eof] eg] t SofG;/ c:ktfn
algxfNof] lg †Æ
cfºgf >LdtL / 5f]/L arfpg ul/Psf] ;f9] b'O{ jif{;Ddsf]

cgj/t ;+3if{n] dnfO{ Psbd alnof] agfO;s]sf] /x]5 . pgLx¿;“usf]
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;f]r
ck|Toflzt si6k"0f{ lj5f]8sf] kL8faf6 ddf{xt x'g' :jfefljs eP klg d ca
cf“;'dfq aufP/ ;do v]/ kmfNg rfxGgy]+ . d}n] t olt 7"nf] b'Mv ;xg'k¥of]
eg] u/La / ljkGg kl/jf/sf dflg;sf] s:tf] xfnt x'“bf] xf]nf <
x[bof3ft eP/ dg{ ;lhnf] 5, xjfO{hxfh b'3{6gfdf dg{ uf¥xf] x'“b}g t/ d
db}{5' eg]/ af“Rg cToGt uf¥xf] x'G5 . SofG;/ /f]usf] ;aeGbf 8/nfUbf] /
lgd{d kIf klg oxL xf] . of] kL8fsf] e'Qmef]uL geP;Dd SofG;/ /f]u slt
eofjx 5 eGg] s'/f cfTd;ft\ ug{ d'lZsn k5{ . SofG;/ /f]u nfu]kl5
la/fdLnfO{ eGbf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ a9L kL8f x'“bf]/x]5 . b'v]sf] 3fp gb'Vg] kfg{
;lsG5 / lgsf] x'G5 klg . t/, b'v]sf] dgsf] eg] cf}iflw g} 5}}g . Pslbg
b'Olbg xf]Og, dlxgf}—
+ dlxgf, jiff+— }{ jif{;Dd klg of] kL8fn] ;tfp“5 . b'O{
s/f]8 aL; nfv hg;+Vof ePsf] @)$$ ;fn lt/sf]] g]kfndf o:tf] eofjx
/f]usf nflu Pshgf klg cÍf]nf]lhi6 -SofG;/ ljz]if1_ 8fS6/ gx'g' /
pkrf/sf lglDt s'g} pks/0f gx'g' – /fi6«sf nflu of]eGbf clezfk c¿ s]
x'g;Snf < d}n] c7f]6 u/]+, of] If]qdf d cfjZos cleofg yfngL u5'{, u5'{ /
d d]/f] zf]snfO{ zlQmdf kl/0ft u5'{ eg]/ .
g]kfndf s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd s;}nfO{ SofG;/ /f]u nfUof] eg] n'sfpg]
ul/GYof], dfgf}+ SofG;/ eg]sf] >fk xf] . c¿ s;}nfO{ gelgg] x'“bf
hgdfg;df o; /f]usf] hfgsf/L x'g] s'/} ePg . s;}nfO{ of] /f]u nfu]/
dl/xfn] klg æv} k]6 b'Vof] eGb} lyof], lat]5Æ eGg] ul/GYof] . g]kfndf
SofG;/ /f]ulj?4 r]tgf hfu/0f ug]{ cleofg ;+rfng ug{ d}n] ;aeGbf
klxn] cfk"mdfly ePsf b'Mvb 36gf uf]/vfkqdfkm{t dfld{s 9¨n] lrq0f u/L
;fj{hlgs u/]+ . To;n] cfd hgtfsf ;fy;fy} g]kfn ca'{b /f]u lgjf/0f
;+3sf tTsfnLg cWoIf >L % zfxHofbL hoGtL zfx;d]tsf] Wofg cfsif{0f
u¥of] . kmntM dnfO{ SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0f Pj+ ;xof]u ;ldltsf]
;+of]hssf] ¿kdf dgf]gLt ul/of] . s'g} cleofg ;'¿ ug'{cl3 o;sf] p2]Zo,
dfld{s kIf, o;sf sf/0f, nIo cflb s'/fx¿ hg;dIf k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{k5{ .
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;f]r
ha s'g} sfo{qmdn] :jtM:km"t{ hg;xeflutf hufpg ;S5, Tof] cleofg
:jfefljs ultdf …:gf] alnªÚ (Snow-Balling) eP/ a9\b} hfG5 . oxL tl/sf
ckgfO{ d}n] rGbf ;Íng / ;r]tgf cleofg ;“u;“u} ;+rfng u/]+ .
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;d]t x[bo 5'g d}n] SofG;/af6 kLl8t kl/jf/x¿sf
b'MvkL8f;“u ;DalGwt 36gfqmdx¿ a6'n]+ . tL b'Mvb 36gfx¿nfO{
kqklqsfdfkm{t hg;dIf NofP“ . ;Gtf]if kGtl;t ldn]/ SofG;/sf]
ljifoj:t'dfly …bf]ifL sf] <Ú zLif{sdf tLg z[ª\vnfsf] Pp6f 6]lnlkmNd agfP“ .
ljhos'df/sf] …sxL+ c“Wof/f] sxL+ pHofnf]Ú sfo{qmddf SofG;/ ;DaGwL oyfy{
36gfx¿ k|:t't u/]+ . oxL /f]u ;DaGwL gf6sx¿ /]l8of] g]kfndf k|;f/0f
u/fP“ . 5 dlxgfleq} g]kfndf SofG;/ /f]uaf/] /fli6«o cleofgsf] 5fn g}
pln{of] .
tTkZrft\ c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf nflu rGbf ;Íng ug]{ sfo{ klg tLa|
kfl/of] . g]kfn a}+sdf c:ktfn lgdf{0ffy{ PstkmL{ ;Íng vftf o;/L
vf]lnof] h;df k};f hDdf ug{ ;lsGYof] t/ lgsfNg ;lsGgYof] . of] vftfsf]
gDa/ ljleGg kqklqsfdfkm{t k|rf/ u/]+ . rGbf bftfx¿n] :j]R5fn] cfkm}+
a}+sdf uO{ vftfdf /sd hDdf u/L ef}r/dfq ;+:yfdf k7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf
ldnfP“ . o;cl3 g]kfndf :j]R5fn] o;/L rGbf ;Íng ePs} lyPg . >L %
sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg sfof{nox¿af6 s;}n] Pslbg, s;}n] b'Olbgsf] tna
rGbf:j¿k a}+sdf hDdf u/L ef}r/x¿ clkm;df k7fpg] qmd a9\b} uof] .
hlt—hlt /sd hxf“—hxf“af6 k|fKt ePsf] 5, To; af/]sf va/x¿nfO{
kqklqsfdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf u/]+ . o; cleofgdf ;Dk"0f{
kqklqsfn] ;xof]u u/] . o;df dnfO{ ;aeGbf a9L d2t k'¥ofpg]df
dbgdl0f bLlIft, xl/x/ lj/xL / uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf lxt}ifLx¿ lyP . rGbf
;Íng sfo{ Psbd tLa| eof] . x/]s laxf/—laxf/af6 u[lx0fLx¿n] cfºg}
y}nLaf6 kf“rb]lv xhf/ ¿k}of“;Dd, :s"nsf afnaflnsfn] cfºgf] vfhfsf]
vr{ arfO{ Psb]lv kf“r ¿k}of“;Dd, h]ndf a:g] aGbL / s}bLaf6;d]t rGbf
;Íng eof] . h]naf6 rGbf lngsf lgldQ dnfO{ e}/j l/;fnn] af]nfPsf
lyP . h]n}af6 pgLl;t d}n] rGbf lnP/ cfP“ . rGbf sfo{qmdaf6} cy{
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;f]r
;+sngdfq xf]Og, SofG;/ /f]uaf/] hgr]tgf hufpg] sfd;d]t eof] . hof
zfx / kfOn6sf >LdtLx¿sf] ;+:yfsf] ;xof]uaf6 …xf]k l8g/ anÚ /flqef]h
cfof]hgf u/L Ps} /ftdf rf/—kf“r nfv ¿k}of“ ;Íng ul/of] . sfo{qmddf
ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o Po/nfOG;af6 xjfO{ l6s6x¿ k|fof]hg u/fO{ /fkmn lr¶f
klg laqmL ul/Psf] lyof] . n}gl;+x afËb]nnufot b]zsf 7"nf—7"nf
snfsf/x¿sf pTs[i6 snfs[ltx¿ k|bz{g / lnnfd;d]t u/L h'6]sf] cy{n]
klg xfd|f] cleofgdf pNn]Vo ;xof]u u¥of] .
cy{ ;Íngs} qmddf g]kfndf klxnf]kN6 Pp6f cToGt gof“

lsl;dsf] ;[hgzLn kbofqf (Walk-a-thon) sf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmdsf]
gfd æcf;sf] nflu kbofqfÆ /flvof] . of] sfo{qmddf dnfO{ Hof]lt z]/rg /
d]/f] 5f]/f ;'gLn zfSon] 7"nf] d2t u/] . …jfs—c—ygÚ sfo{qmddf pRr
cf]xbfdf cf;Lg JolQmx¿, pBdLx¿ / ;dfh;]jLx¿;d]t u/L s/La
kf“r;o hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ l/ª/f]8df bz lsnf]ld6/
lx+8\g' lyof] / x/]s ls=ld= lx+8\bf pgLx¿n] cf–cfºgf Oi6ldq / ;fyLx¿af6
Ps lsnf]dL6/ kbofqf ubf{ slt ¿k}of“ lbg] xf] egL saf]n u/fpg' kYof]{ .
;xefuLn] hlt ;Sof], Tolt /sdsf] k|fof]hg u/fpg ;SYof] . …jfs—c—ygÚ
sfo{qmdsf nflu dnfO{ :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb| / /fgL P]Zjo{af6 Ps ls=ld= sf]
Ps ¿k}of“sf] b/n] k|fof]lht ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;'g]cg';f/ /fhfaf6
s;}nfO{ klg o;/L k|fof]hg ul/aS;g] rng lyPg . d]/f] lhGbuLsf nflu
Pp6f 7"nf] uj{sf] s'/f xf] of], d}n] :jo+ /fhf/fgLsf] x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf]
k|fof]lht kmd{ k|fKt ug{ ;s]+ .
kbofqf sfo{qmdaf6 xfdLn] em08} 5 ;ftnfv ¿k}of“ ;Íng u¥of}+ .

;aeGbf a9L p7fpg] cGgk"0f{ xf]6]nsf d]g]h/ kL=kL= /fo lyP . pgn] ¿=
5o;¶L xhf/ p7fPsf lyP eg] j;Gt rf}w/L bf];|f lyP, pgn] 5QL;xhf/
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;f]r
¿k}of“ hDdf u/fOlbPsf lyP . l/ª/f]8af6 ;a} ;xefuLx¿n] …cf;sf] nflu
kbofqfÚ clÍt ;]tf] u~hL nufO{ kbofqf ubf{ jftfj/0f g} a8f] /f]df~rsf/L
ePsf] lyof] . cufl8—cufl8 l/;Nnf, k5fl8 kf“r;o hgf ;xefuLx¿ clg
/]8qm;sf] uf8L . af6f]sf] bfof“—afof“ kbofqLx¿sf nflu kl;gf k'5\g
;xgfh h:tf ljleGg Ao"l6kfn{/jfnfx¿n] :jtM:k"mt{¿kdf lr;f ¿dfnx¿
/fv]sf, cg]s sDkgLx¿n] lgMz'Ns sf]sfsf]nf, cfO;lqmdx¿ ljt/0f u/]sf
clg ;8ssf cf;kf;sf 3/wgL / k;n]x¿n] 7fp“—7fp“df …;fvM6LÚ ;j{t
v'jfPsf lyP . :jtM:km"t{ ¿kaf6 olt w]/} hg;xeflutf h'6\nf eg]/ d}n]
;f]r]sf] klg lyOg“ . hgtfn] o;/L ;fy lbgf;fy g]kfndf ca rf“8} SofG;/
c:ktfn lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t ag]+ .
cy{ ;Íng sfo{qmd Pp6f ;[hgzLn snf xf] . s;}nfO{ cfly{s

af]em glbOsg h'g p2]Zosf] lgldQ k};f p7fOPsf] xf], To;nfO{ v'n:t /fvL
hgtfsf] dg / ljZjf; lht]/ :jtM:k"mt{ hg;xeflutf kl/rfng u/L rGbf
p7fpg ;Sg' g} cy{ ;+sngsf] snf xf] . rGbf /l;b af]sL hah{:tL rGbf
dfu]/ ;fdflhs sfo{ ;kmn x'“b}g . s'g}klg ;fdflhs sfo{qmd ;kmntfk"j{s
rnfpg] xf] eg] rGbfbftfsf] k};fsf] ;fy;fy} pgLx¿sf] z'e]R5f /
z'esfdgfsf] klg plQs} vf“rf] x'G5 . rGbf ;Íng sfo{qmddf d w]/}
;Dj]bgzLn / ;[hgzLn x'Gy]+ . sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{eGbf klxn] h–h;n]
dnfO{ ;xof]u lbg ;S5g\, pgLx¿sxf“ d cfk+}m uO{ pgLx¿sf] dg lhTg
vf]Hy]+ . OR5flagf d pgLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmddf ;+nUg u/fplbgy]+ . cfwf dgn]
s'g}klg sfd ;kmn x'“b}g . d ;xof]uLx¿sf] k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] k|tLIff uy]{+
d]/f] cleofgsf nflu . ha dflg;x¿ leqL dgn] dnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/
x'Gy], tadfq d cleofg ;'¿ uy]{+ . o;n] ubf{ s'g}klg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
ug{ dnfO{ uf¥xf] ePg . ;a} ;xefuLx¿ :jR5, kf/bzL{ / lrGtgzLn ePsf]
x'“bf kqklqsfx¿n] klg PslrQ eP/ pT;fx;fy xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u u/] .
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;f]r
;~rf/ dfWod slt alnof x'G5g\, slt k|efjzfnL x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f d}n]
To;a]nf dfq a'e]+m . kqsfl/tfnfO{ ;sf/fTds 9Ën] k|of]u ug{ ;lsof] eg]
o; dfk{mt /fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu dxfg\ zlQm k|:km'6g ug{ ;ls“bf] /x]5 .
To;}n] xf]nf o;nfO{ /fHosf] rf}yf] c¨ eg]sf] .
SofG;/ c:ktfnsf nflu cy{ ;+sng ug]{ sfo{qmds} l;nl;nfdf

d}n] la;{g} g;Sg] csf]{ /dfOnf] 36gf klg 5 . To;a]nf xfdLn] klxnf]kN6
df:6/ /Tgbf; k|sfz, lzjz+s/, gfltsfhL, tf/fb]jL h:tf k|Voft ufos—
uflosfx¿b]lv gjf]lbt snfsf/x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf ;jf{lws nf]slk|o
uLt;lxt k|:t't u/L …SofG;/ sG;6{Ú gfds ;+uLtdo ;f“emsf] cfof]hgf
u/]sf lyof}+ . o:fdf dnfO{ uf]kfn of]~hg, pgsL kTgL l/Gr]g, /Ltf yfkf,
gLnd kf08]n] w]/} d2t u/] . To; k|sf/sf] pRr:t/Lo ;f+uLlts sfo{qmd
gf/fo0f uf]kfnsf] uLtljgf s;/L ;Dej Pj+ k"0f{ x'g;SYof] / < t/ gf/fo0f
uf]kfnh:tf] /x:odo JolQm;“u ;Dks{ /fVg] s;/L < sf]xL eGy] …pgL 3d08L
;GsL 5g\ /], sf]xL eGy] pgL ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf efu} ln+b}gg\ /] .Ú d}n]
eg] gf/fo0f uf]kfnljgf of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ gug]{ ;+sNk u/]+ . To;}n]
gf/fo0f uf]kfnsf dLtHo" uf]kfn of]~hgnfO{ ;fydf lnO{ gf/fo0f uf]kfnnfO{
e]6\g Do"lhs g]kfn k'u]+ . xfdL Toxf“ k'Ugf;fy gf/fo0f uf]kfn /]sl8{¨
?daf6 aflx/ cfP . d}n] cfºgf] sfo{qmdaf/] pgnfO{ atfP“ . dnfO{ crDd
nfUof], pgn] Ps}rf]l6 xfd|f] cg'/f]wnfO{ :jLsfb}{ eg+], ætkfO{+x¿n] o:tf] /fd|f]
sfd ul//fVg' ePsf] 5, To;df d}n] ;xof]u gug]{ s'/} ePg .Æ gf/fo0f
uf]kfnsf] df]6f] rZdfsf] k|]mdleq 6NklnPsf] cf“vfdf dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfsf
ulx/f] 5fk / cg'e"ltx¿ 5rlNs/x]sf] kfP“ . To;cl3 d gf/fo0f uf]kfn;“u
JolQmut ¿kn] kl/lrt lyOg“ . To;kl5 eg] g]kfnL ;+uLt hutsf
k|ltef;DkGg :j/lz/f]dl0f d]/f] lxt}ifL aGg k'u] . pgn] Ps k};f klg
glnOsg xfd|f] sfo{qmddf v'zL;“u efu lnP .
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;f]r
pQm …SofG;/ sG;6{Ú n] P]ltxfl;s ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of] . dfi6/

/Tgbf;sf] æemdemd kfgL k¥of] c;f/sf] /ftÆ, gf/fo0f uf]kfnsf] æPp6f
dfG5]sf] dfofn]Æ / sf]OnLb]jLb]lv tf/fb]jL;Dd, gfltsfhLb]lv k|sfz
>]i7;Ddsf cf—cfºg}kgsf x[bo:kzL{ uLtn] ;a} bz{sx¿nfO{ df]lxt kf/]sf
lyP . j:t'tM:t/Lo ufgf, :t/Lo >f]tf / :t/Lo jftfj/0fsf] lqj]0fL g} lyof]
Tof] . lgZro g} Tof] sfo{qmd ck"/f] / vNnf] x'GYof] xf]nf gf/fo0f uf]kfn
ge}lbPsf] eP . To;kl5 klg pgn] g]kfn ca'{b /f]u lgjf/0f ;+3sf nflu
j;Gt rf}w/Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …gf/fo0f uf]kfn :jl0f{d ;f“emÚ df k|:t't
eP/ cfºgf dw'/ Pj+ cf]h:jL uLt—;+uLtsf emª\sf/x¿n] >f]tfx¿nfO{
dGqd'Uw kf/L slxNo} la;{g} g;lsg] 5fk 5f]8] . ;f“Rr} efj's g} agfPsf
lyP pgn] ;a}nfO{ .
gf/fo0f uf]kfnn] d]/f] lg/; lhGbuLdf ;d]t cfd"n kl/jt{g

NofOlbP . clxn] pgL xfd|f] dfem 5}gg\ t/ pgL ePsf] eP d pgnfO{ eGy]+,
æPp6f dfG5]sf] dfofn] slt km/s kb{5 lhGbuLdfÆ eGg] d'6' 5'g] uLtn] d]/f]
g}/fZok"0f{ Pj+ lgtfGt PsfsL x[bodf k]ml/ pNnf;do kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf]
v'zL a6'Ng] k|]/0ffsf] aLhf/f]k0f ul/lbPsf] 5 . dflg;x¿sf] cg'dfg ljk/Lt
kfP“ d}n] gf/fo0f uf]kfnnfO{ . pgL ;GsL xf]Ogg\, :jfledfgL cem clt
:jfledfgL x'g\ . s'g}klg ;[hgzLn snfsf/ ta;Dd ;xL ¿kdf dxfg x'“b}g
ha;Dd p;df cfºgf] k|ltef / Ifdtfsf] pRr :jfledfg knfp“b}g . ;xL /

cfbz{ snfsf/df dfgjLo ;dj]bgfsf] k|r'/tfsf ;fy} :jfledfg klg x'g}
kb{5, h;n] p;nfO{ dfly—dfly k'¥ofp“5 . To;}n] t cfh gf/fo0f uf]kfn
g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, k|jf;df ;d]t k'lhG5g\ / cd/ ePsf 5g\\ .
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;f]r
;g\ !(*^ b]lv !(*& ;Dd SofG;/ lj¿4 h] hlt sfo{qmdx¿ eP,
ltgn] hgdfg;df o; /f]uk|lt k|z:t r]tgf hfu/0f u/fP . t/ dnfO{ yfxf
lyof], rGbf ;Íngaf6 dfq SofG;/ c:ktfn h:tf] dx“uf] kl/of]hgf ;Dej
x'“b}g . SofG;/ c:ktfnsf] lgdf{0fsf lgldQ w]/} 7"nf] wg/flzsf] cfjZostf
k5{ . SofG;/ c:ktfn ;fdfGo lhNnf c:ktfn h:tf] xf]Og . of] t cToGt
;'ljwfo'Qm, cTofw'lgs c:ktfn xf] h;df 6fpsf]b]lv v'§f;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{
efudf SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/ ul/G5 . g]kfnh:tf] u/La d'n'sdf rGbf
;Íngaf6 dfq of] ;Dej x'“b}gYof] . dnfO{ of] lrGtfn] ;w}+ på]lnt
agfO/xGYof] . SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0f Pj+ ;xof]u ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs
e};s]sF] lyP“ d . b'O{ jif{leq PstkmL{ ;Íng vftfdf kRrL;—tL; nfv
¿k}of“sf] wg/flz hDdf klg eof] . oBlk Tof] /sd c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf nflu
gu0o lyof] . ha;Dd >L % sf] ;/sf/n] SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug{ kxn
ub}{g ta;Dd c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{ ;kgf ;fsf/ x'“b}g eGg] s'/fdf d kSsf
lyP“ .
rGbf ;+sngaf6 xfdLn] tL; nfv ¿k}of“ hlt hDdf u¥of}+ . o;n]
xfdLnfO{ Pp6f 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L / af]emsf] cg'ej u/fof] . ;/sf/n] k6Ss}
jf:tf u/]s} lyPg, k};fdfq p7fP/ xfdLn] s] ug]{ † To;}n] d ;do—;dodf
:jf:Yo dGqfno uO{ ;lrj / dGqLnfO{ 3R3Rofpg] uy]{+ . To;a]nf
gof“lbNnLl:yt ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g -8An'=Pr=cf]=_sf xflsd 8f= gf/fo0f
s]z/L zfx x'g'x'GYof], a[Gbf zfxsf klt . pxf“l;t ;Dks{ u/]/ b'O{hgfnfO{
SofG;/ ljz]if1 …cÍ'nf]lh:6Ú sf] 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug{sf nflu n]vfk9L u/]+ .
:jf:Yo dGqfnoaf6 lnlvt kq cfof] . b'Oj6f cÍ'nf]lh:6sf] 5fqj[lQ
8An'=Pr=cf]= n] k|bfg u5{ eGg] ;"rgf kfPkl5 d tTsfnLg :jf:Yo dGqLnfO{
e]6\g uP“ . To;a]nfsL dlxnf :jf:Yo dGqLn] d]/f] k|:tfjgfsf] k|ltsf/ ub}{
æxfdLnfO{ lhNnf—lhNnfdf v6fpg 8fS6/ k'lu/fv]sf 5}gg\, ca sxf“
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;f]r
SofG;/ ljz]if1sf nflu d]l8sn l;6x¿ v]/ kmfNg] <Æ elgg\ . dGqLh:tf]
JolQmn] To:tf] ljj]sxLg ts{ u/]sf] ;'g]/ dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . s:tf]
jflxoft s'/f † b]zsf krxQ/} lhNnfdf 8fS6/x¿ lgo'Qm gu/];Dd SofG;/
ljz]if1 gagfpg] xf]eg] lsg sf7df8f}+sf ;8sx¿df x/]s jif{ cnsqfdfly
cnsqf yk]/ af6f] agfpg' k¥of] < klxn] krxQ/} lhNnfdf af6f] agfcf}+
g t . o:t} ts{ ug]{ xf]eg] ;Dk"0f{ ufp“—ufp“df :s"nx¿ gvf]n];Dd lsg
7"N7"nf sn]h / ljZjljBfnox¿ vf]Ng] < hj;Dd s'g} dflg;n] SofG;/sf]
a]bgf dx;'; ub}{g, cg'ej ub}{g ta;Dd p;nfO{ o; /f]usf] k|fyldstfaf/]
1fg} x'“b}g . SofG;/ kLl8tsf kl/jf/x¿ cfºgf] b]z 5f]8]/ la/fdL lnO{
cfuf]n] kf]ln/x]sf] dgsf] j]bgf ;x]/ 6f9f la/fgf] b]zdf hfg afWo 5g\ .
ljb]z hfg] ;fdYo{ gePsfx¿nfO{ t q"m/ d[To' s'g'{afx]s csf]{ ljsNk g}
5}g . t]n plDn/x]sf] s/fOdf xfn]sf] df5fh:t} km6\km6fpg' kl//x]sf] 5 .
t}klg :jf:Yo dGqLh:tf] lhDd]jf/ cf]xbfdf /xg]n] To:tf] dfld{s efjgf
a'¤g g;Sg' eGbf 7"nf] lj8Dagf c¿ s] xf]nf †
Pp6f sfddf nfu]kl5 csf]{ s'/fdf d]/f] Wofg} hf“b}g . p7]b]lv

;'Tg]a]nf;Dd ToxL lrGtfn] ;tfO/xG5 . ;f/f hgtf ;lqmo eP/ SofG;/
;DaGwL r]tgf clej[l4 cleofgdf nflu/x]sf] a]nf ;/sf/n] s'g} rf;f]
gb]vfp“bf d slxn]sfxL+ ax'nf h:t} x'Gy]+ . hxf“ kfof] Toxf“ ;/sf/nfO{ ufnL
ub}{ efif0f u/L lx8\y]+ . Pslbg tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfg l;+xnfO{ e]6\g
k|wfgdGqLlgjf; k'u]+ . eQmk'/sf] /f0ffsfnLg c:ktfnsf] k'/fgf] ejgnfO{
dd{t u/]/ ePklg Pp6f ;fgf] SofG;/ c:ktfn agfpg] k|:tfj lnP/ d
pxf“sf] lgjf;:yfg k'u]sf] lyP“ . k|wfgdGqLlgjf; aflx/ lhNnf—lhNnfaf6
cfPsf y'k|} /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿ 6Dd lyP . pgLx¿dWo] w]/} h;f] t
rf/vfn c8\8fdf d'2f af]sL lx+8\g] km6fxfx¿ h:tf b]lvGy] . To;a]nf
k|wfgdGqLsf kL=P= OGb|rf]sdf a:g] Pshgf k|wfg lyP . pgn] dnfO{ w]/}a]/
gs'/fOsg k|wfgdGqL;“u e]6fOlbP . k|wfgdGqLsf] sf]7fdf d}n] /fd|/L lrGg]
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;f]r
Pshgf dxfhg k|wfgdGqL;“u} a;]/ lrof lkO/fv]sf lyP . Pp6f ;fdflhs

p2]Zo af]s]/ Toxf“ k'u]sf] dnfO{ eg] a; g} gelgsg dl/rdfgn] d cfPsf]
sf/0f ;f]w] . To:tf] c;Eo Jojxf/af6 d}n] Psl5gsf nflu cfk"mnfO{
a]OHht ul/Psf] dx;'; u/]+ . t}klg d}n] cfk"m cfpg'sf] p2]Zo pgnfO{
cjut u/fP“ . kl5 cln ;Dj]bgzLn h:tf] eP/ pgn] eg], ætkfO{+sL
>LdtLsf] SofG;/af6 lgwg ePsf] /x]5, dnfO{ b'Mv nfUof] t/ tkfO{n] d]/f]
7fp“af6 klg x]g'{k¥of] . g]kfndf clxn] w]/} s'/fx¿ ug{ af“sL 5, ;8s
agfpg' 5, :s"nx¿ vf]Ng' 5, ca sxf“ SofG;/ c:ktfn vf]Ng] † k]ml/ o:tf]
c:ktfn vf]n]kl5 o;nfO{ ;+rfng ug{nfO{ klg t k};f rflxof] lg .Æ pgn]
k]ml/ eg], æclxn] hfgf];\, kl5 o;af/] ljrf/ u/f}+nf .Æ
k|wfgdGqL] / :jf:YodGqLsf] ts{df s]xL cGt/ kfOg d}n] . d}n] klg

dGqL kbsf] h'Qf nufP/ kl/l:yltnfO{ d"NofÍg ug]{ xf]eg] s]xL xb;Dd
pgLx¿n] u/]sf] s'/f klg Tolt grflx+bf] nfUb}gYof] xf]nf . s'/f ;To g} xf]
krxQ/} lhNnfdf x]Nykf]i6 agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g, vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ug'{5,
To:tf] cj:yfdf SofG;/ c:ktfn agfpg k};f sxf“af6 Nofpg] < ddfq o;
;d:ofsf] e'Qmef]uL x'“b}df ;a}sf] d]/f]h:t} ;f]r x'g'k5{ eg]/ c¿ ;a}l;t
l/; kf]v]/ dfq} x'g]jfnf s]xL lyPg . t/ To;a]nf d]/f] dgdl:tisdf Pp6}
;f]r ;NanfO/x]sf] lyof], g]kfndf SofG;/ c:ktfn agfpg ;/sf/nfO{
s;/L 3R3Rofpg] <
ha d cft'/ x'G5', dgdf lrGtf x'G5, ;d:ofsf] s'g} ;dfwfg kQf

nufpg d k|s[ltsf] sfvdf k'U5' . lrGtfu|:t eO{ s'g} ;d:of s;/L
;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pkfo / pkrf/ vf]Hg' kbf{ dnfO{ ;aeGbf dgkg]{
ufp“ 3fGb|'s hfg] uy]{+ d . SofG;/ c:ktfnsf] pkrf/ vf]Hg klg d ToxL+
uP“ . 3fGb|'ssf] dgf]/d ufp“sf] Pp6f rf}tf/Ldf ysfO{ dfg{ kLknjf]6sf]
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;f]r
¿vsf] cf8df c8];f] nfUb} 6f]nfP/ df5fk'R5«] x]l//x]+ . t:jL/df h:t}
nfnLu'/f“;sf k"mn df5fk'R5«]df nLg ePsf] dgf]/d b[Zo 6f]nfP/ x]b}{/x]+ .
To;}a]nf 3f“; jf bfp/fsf] ef/L af]s]sL Pp6L cw{a}+;] dlxnf cfOg\ /
rf}tf/Ldf ef/L la;fP/ nfdf] ;';]nL xfnL ;f; km]l/g\ . k6'sfaf6 Ps kfs]6
r'/f]6 lgsfnL Pp6f r'/f]6 kf“r cf}+nfn] RofkL ;NsfOg\ / tfGg nflug\ .
b'O—
{ tLg ldg]6 a:bfa:b} b'O{ lvNnL r'/f]6 ltgn] l;WofOg\ . d}n] ;f]w]+,
æalxgL, lbgsf] sltj6f r'/f]6 vfg'x'G5 <Æ pgn] elgg\, æv} xh'/ aRr}b]lv
lkpg] afgL nfUof], ca t 5f8\g} ;lQmg . lbgsf] hfG5 sd;]sd b'O{
kfs]6 .Æ cs:dft\ d]/f] lbdfudf Pp6f lx;falstfa plAhxfNof] . d}n] ;f]r]+,
olb Pp6L dlxnfn] lbgsf] b'O{ kfs]6 r'/f]6 lkp“l5g\\ eg] g]kfne/df slt
r'/f]6 vkt x'“bf] xf]nf † d]/f] lbdfudf t'¿Gt} Pp6f csf]{ ljrf/ cfof] . olb
x/]s lvNnL r'/f]6df Psk};fdfq cGtMz'Ns nufof] eg] jif{sf] slt ¿k}of“
p7fpg ;lsG5 xf]nf † olb of] ;Dej eof] eg] t SofG;/ c:ktfn
algxfNof] lg †
a;\, ca s] 5, olt ljrf/ cfpgf;fy d]/f] dg t r~rn e}xfNof] .

cfls{ldl8hn] g'xfp“bf—g'xfp“b} Pp6f cg';Gwfgsf] kmd"{nf lbdfudf cfp“bf
afy¿daf6 h'¿Ss} p7]/ af}nfxfem} …n d}n] kfP“, n d}n] kfP“Ú -o'/]sf, o'/]sf_
eg]/ pk|m]sf] syfdf h:t} d klg pk|mg yfn]+ . dnfO{ nfUof] d]/f] ;d:ofsf]
c;nL ;dfwfg oxL xf] . To;k|lt d]/f] ;f]rsf] wf/ Pp6} /x\of] . t'?Gt} dnfO{
cfp“ k/]h:t} eof], slxn] lk;fa km]g{ dg nfUg] t slxn] lb;f . jf:tjdf
dnfO{ s]xL ePs} xf]Og, vfnL ljrf/sf] lj:kmf]6gdf cft'/L ePsf] /x]5 .
Tof] lbg 3fGb|'sd} af; a:g] d]/f] of]hgf lyof] . t/ Tof] gof“ ljrf/
k'm6\gf;fy Toxf“ Psl5g klg a:g dg ePg . Toxf“af6 cf]n]{/ d ;/f;/
hgsk'/sf] af6f] nfu]+ . 7f8} hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf k'u]+ . Toxf“ b]j]Gb| zfx
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;f]r
eGg] Dofg]h/ /x]5g\\ . d}n] pgLl;t ;f]w]+, æzfxhL, hgsk'/ r'/f]6
sf/vfgfdf lbgsf] slt lvNnL r'/f]6 aGbf]/x]5 <Æ …tLg s/f]8,Ú zfxn] dnfO{
tTsfn} pQ/ lbP . tLg s/f]8 † jfx † dnfO{ cfZro{ klg nfUof], v'zL klg
nfUof] . cfZro{ of] dfg]df ls Ps lbgdf tLg—tLg s/f]8 ;"tL{hGo
clxts/ r'/f]6 aGbf] /x]5 . v'zL of] dfg]df ls Ps—Ps k};faf6 klg w]/}
wg/fzL ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . zfxhLl;t s'/fubf{ of] klg yfxf kfOof],
g]kfn clw/fHoe/ la“8Lafx]s kf“r s/f]8 lvNnL r'/f]6 Ps lbgd} aGbf]

/x]5 .
sf7df8f}+ kms]{/ …Ps k};faf6 SofG;/ c:ktfnÚ gfds Pp6f

cjwf/0ffkq t'¿Gt} tof/ kf/]+ . cjwf/0ffkq tof/ kfbf{ d}n] cfºg} lsl;dsf]
cg';Gwfg u/]+ . ;aeGbf klxn] t of] z'Ns jf s/af6 pkef]QmfnfO{ s'g}
cfly{s af]em x'g' ePg . o;sf] pkof]u ;dfh / b]zlxtsf nflu x'g'k¥of] .
o:tf] cGtMz'Nsn] s'g} ju{ jf ;d"xnfO{ cGofo x'g' ePg . clxn]sf
dflg;nfO{ Ps k};fsf] dxTj slt x'G5 eg]/ hfGgsf nflu d}n] bz k};fsf]
kftnf] cfNd'lgodsf] l;Ssf nflhDkf6sf] d]/f] xf]6]nsf] 9f]sf aflx/ /fvL Ps
7fp“af6 lrofO/fv]+ s;n] l6K5 Tof] k};f eg]/ . Tof] af6f]df lx+8\g] ;a}
a6'jfn] Tof] 6Ns]sf] k};f b]v] t/ tn lgx'l/P/ l6Kg] kl/>d Pshgfn] klg
ug{ rfx]gg\ . cflv/ w]/}a]/kl5 Pp6f s]6fn] l6k]/ nUof] . ha bz k};fsf]
df]x k|foM s;}nfO{ x'“bf]/x]g5 eg] Ps k};fsf] d"No s] /x\of] / † Ps k};fsf]
cGtMz'Ns nufP/ Ps lvNnLsf] Ps k};f p7\5 eg] To;sf] s;}n] klg lj/f]w
ub}{gg\ eGg] d]/f] dgdf cfof] . syd\sbflrt\ r'/f]6 vfg] s;}nfO{ /f]u
nfluxfn] klg x/]s r'/f]6df p;n] lt/]sf] k};f Ps lx;fan] p;n] aLdfsf
nflu lk|ldod lt/] h:t} x'g]eof] . Pshgfn] lkPsf] r'/f]6sf] w"“jfn] r'/f]6
gvfg]x¿nfO{ /f]u km}nfpg ;Sg] l:ylt ePsf] x'“bf r'/f]6 vfg]x¿n] t Ps
lsl;dsf] b08 lbg'k¥of] lg † To:t} b08 dfGg ;lsGYof] Tof] Ps k};fnfO{ .
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;f]r
r'/f]6af6 p7fOg] k};faf6} SofG;/ c:ktfn agfpg] s'/fnfO{ ;a}

kqklqsfn] dxTjsf ;fy k|rf/ ul/lbP“ . d}n] of] k|:tfj tTsfnLg
k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ lbg rfx]sf] lyP“ t/ pxf“n] ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fdf a9L k|fyldstf lbO/fv]sf] x'“bf tkl;nsf s'/fx¿df Wofg} lbg
rfxg'ePg . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 pxf“n] ;f] k|:tfj ToxL
jif{sf] ah]6 efif0fdf kf/L ;bgaf6 kfl/t u/fpg'eof] . Pp6f ;fgf] ;f]rsf]
sf/0f Ps lvNnL r'/f]6df Ps k};f / clxn] cfP/ b'O{ k};fsf] cy{ ;Íngaf6
e/tk'/df cTofw'lgs SofG;/ c:ktfndfq xf]Og, sf7df8f}+df u¨fnfn
x[bo/f]u s]Gb| / eQmk'/df SofG;/ c:ktfn ;+rfngdf ;d]t 7"nf] of]ubfg

k'u]sf] 5 . ljZjdf zfob g]kfndfq o:tf] /fi6« xf], hxf“ r'/f]6df z'Ns p7fO{
SofG;/ /f]u pkrf/df nufOG5 .
eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn pb\3f6g ug]{ a]nf ;of}+ dflg;sf cufl8

dnfO{ af]nfP/ :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|af6 x's'd eof], æca t ltd|f] ;kgf k"/f
eof] xf]nf lg †Æ d}n] hfx]/ u/]+, æ;/sf/, plxn]eGbf t w]/} /fd|f] eof] t/
SofG;/ c:ktfn e/tk'/df ePsf] x'“bf Toxf“ 8fS6/ gk'u]/ / cGo
;'ljwfx¿sf] sdLaf6 hlt Jojl:yt x'gkg]{ lyof], Tolt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
t;y{ ;]jsn] e/tk'/nfO{ d]l8sn l;6Lsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ug]{ k|:tfj
6q\mofPsf] 5' .Æ ;/sf/af6 x's'd eof], æs'g}klg gof“ 7fp“df ljz]if If]q
3f]if0ff ug{ ltdLx¿sf] dg;fon] dfq k'Ub}g . lrtjgjf;Lx¿ s] eG5g\\, Tof]
a'‰g' k5{ / o:tf] cfjfh lrtjgjf;Lsf] tkm{af6 cfpg] jftfj/0f agfpg'
k5{ .Æ dnfO{ ;/sf/sf] Tof] s'/f c;fWo} lrQ a'‰of] . jf:tjdf s'g}klg
If]qsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu l;+xb/af/sf] sf]7fdf vfsf tof/ u/]/ dfq x'“b}g .
h'g 7fp“df h:tf] ljsf; ug{ vf]h]sf] xf], ToxL+sf dflg;nfO{ cu|;/ agfpg'
k5{ clgdfq ;kmn x'G5 sfo{qmd .
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;f]r
e/tk'/ / gf/fo0fu9nfO{ d]l8sn l;6Lsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ug]{

k|:tfj klg ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] k|ltkmn g} xf] . ha e/tk'/df aL=kL= SofG;/
c:ktfn lgdf{0f eof], cg]s 8fS6/x¿n] …SofG;/ h:tf] cTofw'lgs c:ktfn
sf7df8f}+ aflx/ ;+rfng g} ug'{ x'“b}gÚ eGb} cfnf]rgf u/] . clxn] eg]/ s] ug]{
† lrlgof“ ;/sf/n] e/tk'/d} agfOlbof] . c/jf}+ ¿k}of“sf] nufgL e};s]sf] 5 .
…lxGb' s] lk5] 1fgÚ eg]e}+m ca ljrf/ kl/jt{g u/]/ s] x'G5 † h;/L ePklg
aL=kL= SofG;/ c:ktfnnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;+rfng ug}{k5{ . ToxL
cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ g} d}n] e/tk'/, lrtjgnfO{ d]l8sn l;6L
agfpg] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] lyP“ . lrtjg k|fs[lts b[li6sf]0fn] klg cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ 7fp“ xf] . oxL“ ljZj ;Dkbf:yndf ;"rLs[t /fli6«o lgs'~h /x]sf]
5 . o:tf] kljq k|fs[lts:yndf eljiodf y'k|} snsf/vfgfx¿ agfOof] eg]
Toxf“af6 lgl:sPsf kmf]xf]/d}nfaf6 /fKtL / gf/fo0fL gbL k|b"lift x'g ;S5g\ .

tL gbLsf kfgL vfg] lrtjgsf hnr/dfq xf]Og, To;af6 cg]s ynr/ /
h¨nL hLjhGt'x¿nfO{ ;d]t k|lts"n c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . olb lrtjgnfO{
d]l8sn l;6Lsf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsof] eg] :jR5 jftfj/0fl;t d]n vfg]
ko{6g, :jf:Yo / lzIffsf cg]s pBf]ux¿ :yfkgf u/L To; IF]qsf] cfly{s
ljsf;df Pp6f qmflGt g} Nofpg ;lsG5 . e/tk'/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf]
d]l8sn l;6L agfpg' x/]s b[li6n] pko'Qm 5 . g]kfnsf] d'6' ;/x 5 of]
IF]q . ;Dk"0f{ /fhdfu{x¿n] hf]8]sf], hxf“af6 klg glhs kg]{, k|z:t kfgL /
;a} k"jf{wf/ k'u]sf], wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] kljq:yn dflgPsf] clg b"g / efj/
If]qsf] df};d ePsf sf/0f t/fO{eGbf zLtn / kxf8eGbf Gofgf] . …d]l8sn
l;6LÚ cyf{t\ :jf:Yo zx/ lgdf{0f ug{ of]eGbf pko'Qm 7fp“ g]kfndf sxL+
gxf]nf . e/tk'/ If]qnfO{ /fi6«sf] :jf:Yo zx/sf ¿kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;lsof]
eg] SofG;/ c:ktfndf dfq xf]Og, Toxf“sf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs cj:yfdf
;d]t cfd"n kl/jt{g cfpg ;S5 .
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;f]r
…d]l8sn l;6LÚ 3f]if0ff ubf{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] 7"nf] wg/flz vr{
ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf klg 5}g . dfq gLlt agfpg] xf] / pBdLx¿nfO{ pT;flxt
agfpg s]xL ;x'lnot k|bfg ul/lbg] xf] . d]l8sn l;6Lleq s'g} pBdLn]
gl;{ª xf]d, 8fOUgf]l;; ;]G6/ cflb vf]Ng rfx]df Ps k|ltztdfq eG;f/
nufO{ ;/;fdfg lemsfpg kfpg] / pQm If]qleq sfo{/t 8fS6/x¿nfO{ kf“r
jif{sf] s/ 5'6 h:tf cfsif{s ;x'lnot k|bfg u/]/ d]l8sn l;6L t'¿Gt} ;'¿
ug{ ;lsG5 . e/tk'/ jf gf/fo0f3f6df cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ e};s]sf] 5 .
of]hgfj4 tl/sfn] zx/Ls/0f ug{ oxf“ hUuf klg k|z:t pknAw 5 .
ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] of] :yfg cfsif{s klg 5 . d]l8sn l;6L :yfkgf
ugf{;fy snsf/vfgfx¿ vf]Ng glbg] gLlt lng] xf] eg] oxf“sf] jftfj/0f
k|b"lift x'g kfp“b}g . /fhdfu{df x'g] b'3{6gfsf 3fOt]x¿sf] klg oyfzL3|
pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
;jeGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f e/tk'/af6 ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]z, laxf/ glhs}

k5{g\ . laxf/, pQ/ k|b]zdf s'g}klg /fd|f] :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw gePsf] x'“bf
e/tk'/nfO{ d]l8sn l;6L agfpg ;lsof] eg] …d]l8sn 6'l/hd\Ú sf] klg
;“u;“u} ljsf; x'g]5 . o; If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu klg ;/sf/n] w]/} nufgL
ug'{ kb}{g, pBdLx¿ :jo+n] cfk}m nufgL u5{g\ . ;/sf/n] t …xf]:6]Ú dfq
ug'{k5{, pBdL / hgtfn] …x}+;]Ú u5{g\ . jf:tjdf e/tk'/ clxn] klg cfºg}
lsl;daf6 d]l8sn l;6Lsf ¿kdf ljsf; x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . oxf“ SofG;/
c:ktfnafx]s cf“vf c:ktfn, d]l8sn sn]h, a[4f>d cflb v'ln;s]sf 5g\\
. of] qmd /f]s]/ /f]Sg klg ;ls+b}g . t/ o;nfO{ of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] ljsf;
ul/Pg eg] cg]s la£gafwf cfpg ;S5g\\ . ;+;f/sf w]/} d'n'sdf d]l8sn
l;6Lx¿ 5g\ . To;}n] xfdLsxf“ d]l8sn l;6Lsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fsf/ agfpg}
k5{ . t/ :juL{o /fhfn] x's'd aS; eP adf]lhd :yfgLo lrtjgaf;Lsf]
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;f]r
sf]lz;lagf d PSn}n] of] k|:tfjgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] s'/f ePg .
lrtjgaf;Ln] g} of] cfjfh p7fpg' k5{ .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!!
Pp6f dfG5]sf] dfofn]

slt km/s kb{5 lhGbuLdf
æ;d:of dflg;sf lglDt clezfk xf]Og, of] t k|ultsf] v'8\lsnf] xf] .
r'gf}tLn] jf:tjdf efUodfgLsf] 9f]sfdf dfq 3r3Rofp“5 . hf] cefuL 5,
p;nfO{ ;d:ofn] ;tfp“b} ;tfp“b}g . lhGbuLsf] x/ 38Ldf ;d:ofx¿
cfO/xG5g\\ . Ifdtfjfg\ JolQmn] ;d:of ;'Nemfp“b} hfG5, d"v{x¿ o;af6
efU5g\ jf clNemG5g\ . dflg;dfqn] aRr}b]lv ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ jf:tljstf xf]
of] . ====== r'gf}tLl;t, xf“sl;t xf/ vfg]n] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}g g t
lhGbuLdf k|ult g} ug{ ;S5 . r'gf}tLaf6 efUg] dfG5] sd{zLn x'“b} xf]Og .Æ
s'g}klg sfdsf] yfngL ug{ Pp6f sf/0fsf] cfjZostf kbf]{/x]5 .

hËnsf] hLjg 5f]8]kl5 d]/f];fd' Pp6f r'gf}tL cfof] . Tof] r'gf}tLn] g}
sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; vf]Ng] af6f] b]vfof] . xf]6]n vf]lnof] t/ ;+rfng ug]{
s;/L < sfd ubf{ub}{ k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ tl/sf hflgof] . ko{6sx¿ klg
xf]6]ndf cfpg] qmd hf/L eof] . ca yk ;'ljwfx¿ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ h¿/L
eof] . sf]7f k'u]g, c¿ yk sf]7f lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf eof] . o;/L
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;f]r
ljsf;sf] aQLdf r'gf}tLsf] £o" afNb} lhGbuLsf] cy{k"0f{ k|of;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg] qmd hf/L /x\of] . r'gf}tLn] ljsf; Nofof] / ljsf;n] c¿ ;d:of yKof] .
o;n] k]ml/ c¿ r'gf}tLx¿ hGdfp“b} uof] . j:t'tM ;d:of, r'gf}tL / ljsf;
cGof]Gofl>t lg/Gt/ k|lqmofsf cjojx¿ x'g\ . logLx¿ uf]n–uf]n ;w}+ 3'dL
g} /xG5g\, cGTo eg] slxNo} x'“b}g . >LdtL / 5f]/Lsf] c;fdlos b'Mvb

lgwgaf6 dgdf ulx/f] 3fp nfUof] . To;df dndk§L nufpg SofG;/sf]
If]qdf sfd ug]{ c7f]6 ul/of], c:ktfn klg aGof] . c:ktfnnfO{ lg/Gt/ /
bL3{sfnLg agfpg lrtjgdf d]l8sn l;6Lsf] kl/sNkgf ul/of] . ;d:of /
;dfwfgsf] of] bf}8w"k g} jf:tljs lhGbuL xf], oyfy{df cem cy{k"0f{
lhGbuL .
;d:of dflg;sf lglDt clezfk xf]Og, of] t k|ultsf] v'8\lsnf] xf] .

r'gf}tLn] jf:tjdf efUodfgLsf] 9f]sfdf dfq 3r3Rofp“5 . hf] cefuL 5,
p;nfO{ ;d:ofn] ;tfp“b} ;tfp“b}g . lhGbuLsf] x/ 38Ldf ;d:ofx¿
cfO/xG5g\\ . Ifdtfjfg\ JolQmn] ;d:of ;'Nemfp“b} hfG5, d"v{x¿ o;af6
efU5g\ jf clNemG5g\ . dflg;dfqn] aRr}b]lv ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ jf:tljstf xf]
of] . Ps sIffkl5 b'O{ sIff, b'Okl5 tLg sIff ubf{—ub}{ k|j]lzsf,
k|j]lzsfkl5 cfO{=P=, cfO{=P= kl5 aL=P= clg Pd=P= ub}{ hfg] rqmh:t} xf]
of] . ljBfyL{n] hf“r kf; ub}{ hfg'k5{, p;nfO{ k'm;{b slxNo} x'g'x'“b}g . hf“r
eg]s} r'gf}tL xf] . r'gf}tLl;t, xf“sl;t xf/ vfg]n] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{
;Sb}g g t lhGbuLdf k|ult g} ug{ ;S5 . r'gf}tLaf6 efUg] dfG5] sd{zLn
x'“b} xf]Og .
d]/L wd{kTgLsf] b]xfj;fgsf] s]xL lbgkl5 g]kfnsf k|l;4 dxfg\ af}4

leIf' cd[tfgGb dxf:ylj/Ho" :jo+ d]/f] 3/df dnfO{ ;dj]bgf lbg cfp“bf
klg pxf“n] o:t} ;d:of / r'gf}tLaf6 gxtfl/g] ctL{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf]
;Gb]z / k/fdz{n] d]/f] lhGbuLdf Pp6f pmhf{ ylklbof] . pxf“n] wd{bz
] gf lb+b}
d]/f] nflu Pp6f dxfjf0fL k|bfg ug'{eof], ækL8fnfO{ cf“;'n] kvfNg' x'“b}g,
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;f]r
tfut eP xfdLn] cfºgf] kL8fnfO{ dgleq kfNg'k5{ / of] kL8fnfO{ dl§t]n
h:t} HjngzLn kbfy{ agfP/ Hof]lt afNg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .Æ 1fgj4{s s'/f
ub}{ pxf“n] dnfO{ Pp6f gof“ / qmflGtsf/L cleJolQm klg ;'gfpg'eof] .
g]jf/L ;d'bfodf vf; u/L zfSo / ah|frfo{ hftdf s'g} JolQmsf] d[To' eof]
eg] ;do—;dodf gft]bf/ / Oi6ldqx¿nfO{ af]nfO{ ltlysf] gfp“df …kfxf“Ú
ef]h v'jfpg'kYof]{ . cd[tfgGb dxf:ylj/Ho"n] d]/L >LdtLsf] gfddf ef]het]/
v'jfP/ ;do / k};f vr{ ug'{eGbf u/La / c;xfox¿nfO{ eljio;Dd 6]jf
k'Ug] vfnsf s]xL sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . pxf“n] dnfO{ lbg'ePsf]
1fg / lzIffn] dnfO{ ;dfh;]jfdf ;dlk{t x'g 7"nf] k|]/0ff lbof] .
;g\ !((^ df cd[tfgGb dxf:ylj/Ho"sf] :juf{/f]x0f eof] . pxf“

g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf cfb/0fLo af}4 leIf' x'g'x'GYof] . wfld{s If]qdf dfq xf]Og,
/fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs If]qdf klg w]/} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'ePsf] lyof]
pxf“n] . g]kfndf pxf“n] g} y]/afb af}4 wd{sf] hu bl/nf] agfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
af}4wd{sf dfWodaf6 r]tgf hfu/0f u/L pxf“n] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf
;d]t d2t k'¥ofpg'ePsf] lyof] . hglxtsf/L Pj+ qmflGtsf/L ehgx¿ /r]/
;f]xL dfWodaf6 clw/fHoe/ 1fgdfnf ehgsf] cleofg ;'¿ u/L
/f0ffsfnLg ;dodf ;fdflhs r]tgf hfu/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf] x'“bf pxf“nfO{
h]ndf y'lgof] / kl5 b]z–lgisfzg klg ul/of] . ljb]zdf a;]/ klg pxf“n]
;zQm wdf]{bo;efsf] :yfkgf ug'{eof] . kl5 k|hftGqkZrft\ :j= /fhf
lqe'jgsf] afx'nLaf6 eujfg\ a'4sf] cl:ywft';d]t af]sfO{ :joDe"sf]
cfgGbs'6Ldf k|lt:yflkt u/fpg ;kmn x'g'eof] .
To:tf] af}l4s JolQmsf] lgwgkZrft\ g]kfnsf] af}4 ;d'bfodf xNnf—

vNnf t dlRrg] g} eof] . cg]s af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿n] :joDe"l:yt
cfgGbs'6Ldf a[xb\ ¿kdf e]nf eO{ pxf“sf] cGTo]li7 kZrft\ s]—s:tf wfld{s
sfo{qmd ug]{ egL 5nkmn u/] . b]zsf ;f/f leIf'x¿nfO{ ef]hg u/fpg],
bfgblIf0ff lbg] cflb wfld{s sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ug]{ ljifodf Jofks
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;f]r
5nkmn eof] . ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd to ePkl5 ;f]xL cg'¿k sfd ug{ k|z:t
wg/flzsf] cfjZostf x'g] g} eof] . cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug{ Toxf“
pkl:yt ;fx'—dxfhgx¿ ss:n] slt—slt rGbf lbg] eGg] s'/f p7\of] .
leIf' ef]hgsf nflu s;}n] lrofkfg u/fpg] lhDdf lnP, s;}n] lbjfef]hg /
s;}n] oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] bfloTj ;sf/] . rGbf lbg] qmddf
JolQmx¿sf] Toxf“ xf]8afhL rNof] . Ps lsl;dn] k|lt:kwf{ h:t} eof] . t/ d
Tof] ;efdf r'krfk al;/fv]sf] lyP“ . b'O—
{ rf/ hgf d}n] s]xL af]N5' ls eg]/
kNofsk'n's dlt/ x]b}{ lyP t/ d Toxf“ r'krfk} al;/x]+ . kl5 :jo+ cd[tfgGb
dxf:ylj/Ho"sf HjfO{+ / cfgGbs'§L :s"nsf k|wfgfWofks /Tgaxfb'/
ah|frfo{n] dnfO{ ;f]lwxfn], æs0f{hL, n tkfO{+sf] kfnf], s] ug]{ ef]hg u/fpg]
ls /sd bfg ug]{ .Æ dnfO{ ;f“Rr} eGg] xf]eg] rGbfsf] Tof] k|lt:kwf{ dg
k/]sf] lyPg . Tof]eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] nfUof] eg] h'g dxf:ylj/Ho"n]
d[To'kZrft\ ltly gug"{, ef]het]/ gug"{ eg]/ lzIff lbg'eof], cfh ToxL
wd{u'?sf] :juf{/f]x0fkl5 d pxf“s} k/fdz{ljk/Lt leIf' ef]hg ug]{÷u/fpg]
sfo{df s;/L ;xefuL x'g] < Tof] ;efdf leIf' cd[tfgGbl;t ePsf] jftf{
;'gfp“b} d}n] ;Lw}+ eg]+, æleIf' cd[tfgGb cfk+}mn] eGg'ePsf] lyof], ef]hg
u/fP/ ;do / k};f v]/ gkmfNg" . To:tf] dxfg\ JolQmTjsf] lgwgkZrft\
hfgL—hfgL ef]hg u/fpg] sfo{df d s;/L ;+nUg x'g] < To;}n] d oxf“ rGbf
lbg ;lSbg“ .Æ t/ pxf“sf] ;Demgfdf d s]xL g s]xL u5'{ eGb} Ps k};f klg
rGbf glbOsg kms]{/ cfP“ .
Toltsf dflg;x¿sf cufl8 cfºgf] tk{maf6 s]xL klg glbO{ v'?Ss
p7]/ cfp“bf dnfO{ s]xL nfh klg nfUof] cln cK7\of/f] klg . tLg—rf/
lbg;Dd d}n] s'g} lgSof]{n ug}{ ;lsg“, pxf“sf] nflu s] ug]{ eg]/ . cfgGbs'6L
:s"ndf pxf“sf] gfpdf rGbf lbg] xf] jf kz'klt j[4f>ddf uP/ j[4x¿nfO{
vfgf af“8\g] – s] u?“, s] gu?“ † d}n] lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg“ . t/ pxf“sf] gfddf
s]xL g s]xL t d}n] ug}{k5{ eGg] c7f]6 t 5“b} lyof] . s]xL lbg;Dd d ;f]rdf
8'la/x]+ . cflv/ Pp6f pkfo lg:sL xfNof] . dnfO{ nfUof], leIf' cd[tfgGbn]
wd{u'?sf x}l;otn] g]kfndf w]/} sfd u/]/ hfg'eof] t/ pxf“sf] d/0fkZrft\
dflg;x¿ ;lhn} lal;{lbG5g\ tL sfd .
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;f]r
dflg;sf] :d/0fzlQm w]/} sdhf]/ x'G5 . k/Gt' cd[tfgGb la;{gof]Uo

JolQm t cjZo xf]Ogg\ . t;y{ d}n] pxf“sf] hLjgsf d'Vod'Vo s'/f emNsg]
u/L Pp6f j[Qlrq agfpg] ljrf/ u/]+ . d]/f ;fyL /fh]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7,
O{Zj/nfn >]i7 / :j= cd[tfgGbsf lzio leIf' d}qLsf] ;xof]uaf6 j[Qlrqsf]
g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf k6syf tof/ ul/of], /fh]Gb|n] g]kfnLdf /
O{Zj/nfnHo"n] c+u|]hLdf . emG8} Ps dlxgfhlt cg';Gwfg u/]kl5 :juL{o
cd[tfgGbsf] hLjgL k|ltljlDat x'g] u/L j[Qlrq agfOof] . pxf“sf t:jL/x¿,
pxf“sf wd{ b]zgf / hLjgLdf cfwfl/t aL;—aL; ldg]6sf] g]kfnL / c+u|]hL
b'a} efiffdf j[Qlrq agfP/ kf“r ;oj6f Sof;]6 lgsfNof}+ . j[Qlrqsf] gfd
…cd[tf~hnLÚ /flvof] . j[Qlrq g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ af}4 laxf/x¿sf cltl/Qm
>Ln+sf, a}+ss / ;+;f/sf cGo af}4 laxf/df ;d]t ljt/0f ul/of] . o;/L
:juL{o cd[tfgGbsf] hLjgLaf/] g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6«o hutdf klg
k|rf/—k|;f/ eof] . j[Qlrq agfp“bf—agfp“b} d}n] 7"nf] 5f]/fa'xf/Laf6 Pp6L
gfltgL kfP“ . gfltgLsf] gfd g} d}n] cd[tf~hnL /flvlbP“ . ;g\ !((! df
cd[tf~hnL j[QlrqnfO{ g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] To; jif{sf] pTs[i6 j[Qlrqsf]
k'/:sf/ klg lbof] . :juL{o dxf:ylj/Ho"sf] :d/0fdf g]kfn e|d0f jif{tfsf
tfg;]gdf pxf“ hGdg'ePsf] 3/sf] af6f]nfO{ xfdLn] æcd[tfgGb dfu{Æ eg]/
gfds/0f u¥of}+ . e}/xjf Po/kf]6{nfO{ …uf}td a'4 Po/kf]6{Ú gfd lbOof] .
o;df tTsfnLg ko{6g ;lrj bLk]Gb|k'?if 9sfnsf] w]/} of]ubfg 5 .
:juL{o leIf' cd[tfgGbn] dnfO{ ;dfh;]jfdf clek|]l/tdfq ug'{
ePg, d]/f] hLjgdf klg Pp6f gof“ ;f]rsf] k|fb'ef{j ul/lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
pxf“sf] syg lyof], …dgdf 3fpnfO{ cfnf] g} /fVg' k5{, To;n] c¿ sfd ug{
d2t u5{ .Ú d]/L >LdtLsf] b]xfj;fgkl5 d Tjd\z/0fd\ eP/ SofG;/ If]qdf
nflu/fv]sf] lyP“ . w]/} g]kfnLx¿n] d]/f] lhGbuLsf si6bfos ljof]uaf/] ;'g]sf]
x'“bf pgLx¿sf] lhGbuLdf klg To:tf] s]xL 36\gf eof]eg] dsxf“ cfP/
;/;Nnfx lng yfn] . s;}sf >LdtL jf kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:onfO{ SofG;/
/f]u nfUof] eg] ;DejtM pgLx¿n] kl/jf/sf c¿ ;b:onfO{ eGg g;Sg] /
Jofjxfl/s lx;fadf 8fS6/x¿n] klg pgLx¿nfO{ cfkTsfnLg ;fGTjgf lbg
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;f]r
g;Sg] ePsf] x'“bf d}n] s] u/]sf] lyP“ / s] u/] /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] ;Nnfx lng
dsxf“ cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uof] . d klg To:tf b'MvL dflg; cfP eg]
cfºgf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd 5f]8]/ pgLx¿nfO{ k/fdz{ lbg yfn]+ .
k/fdz{ eg]sf] Pp6f k]zfut ljifo /x]5 h'g dgf]j}1flgs pkrf/sf]
Pp6f kf6f] klg xf] . jf:tjdf k/fdz{lagf 1fg lbg gx'g] /x]5 t/ d}n]
cfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf si6 / b'MvnfO{ s;/L e]+mn], sxf“ uP/ pkrf/ u/]+,
la/fdLl;t s;/L s'/f uy]{+ cflb—OToflb cfºgf cg'ejx¿ pgLx¿l;t JoQm
ug{ yfn]+ . tL dflg;x¿nfO{ o;n] w]/} d2t u¥of] . dgsf] 3fp a'¤g]n]
dgdf 3fp nfu]sf JolQmx¿l;t s'/f u¥of] eg] dg w]/} xn'sf] x'“bf] /x]5 .
jf:tjdf SofG;/sf] If]qdf la/fdLnfO{ eGbf klg la/fdLsf] kl/jf/nfO{ b'Mv
x'G5 . sltko To:tf e'Qmef]uLx¿ dsxf“ cfp“bf d}n] pgLx¿nfO{
dgf]j}1flgs Pj+ cf+lzs ¿kn] cfly{s ;xof]u t u/]+ t/ lg/Gt/ ¿kn]
c¿x¿sf] b'Mv / dfgl;s kL8fnfO{ ghfgL—ghfgL ck|ToIf ¿kn] axg ug{
yfn]sf] x'“bf kl5 dnfO{ cln …Pª\hfO6LÚ egf}+, cgfof;} tl;{g] h:tf] x'g
yfNof] . kl5 Pshgf dgf]j}1flgs 8fS6/l;t s'/f a'¤bf s'g} bIftf lagf d}n]
sfplG;lnªsf] sfd ul//fv]sf] x'“bf To;f] ePsf] x'g;Sg] atfP . To;kZrft\
d}n] SofG;/sf e'Qmef]uLx¿nfO{ e]6\g] sfd sd u/]+ .
d a9L g} efj's 5' . kfl/jfl/s 36gfdf cfwfl/t d]nf]] 8«fDofl6s

lxGbL lkmNdx¿ x]/]kl5 slxn]sfxL+ ;lhn}l;t d]/f cf“vfdf cf“;' cfpg
yfN5 . …xd ;fy;fy x}Ú / …afujfgÚ h:tf ;fdflhs lkmNdx¿ t x]g}{ gx'g],
hlt x]/]klg cf“vfdf cf“;' cfOxfN5 . clg To:tf] lkmNd x]g{ yfNof] ls d]/L
sfG5L 5f]/L t[ifflUgn] d]/f] cf“vfdf x]b}{ luHofOxflNyg\ . d]/f] cf“vf /;fpg w]/}
a]/ nfUb}g / cf“;' n'sfP/ d cfºgf] vf]qmf] db{kg b]vfp“lbg klg . x'g t
cf“;'n] nf]Ug] dflg;sf] sdhf]/L b]vfp“5 eG5g\ t/ o;af6 s]xL xb;Dd
ck|ToIf ¿kn] d]/f] efj's zlQmsf] k|:k'm6g ePsf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .
g]kfndf sf]xL la/fdL eof]eg] dflg;x¿ xln{S;, la:s'6 / kmnk"mn lnP/
x]g{ hfg] u5{g\, la/fdL x]b}{ dfof / :g]xsf b'O— { rf/j6f lrKnf af]nL af]n]/
kmls{g] u5{g\ . t/ d To:tf cf}krfl/s s'/fx¿ ug{ ;lSbg lsgeg] l;ls:t
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;f]r
/ lgsf] gx'g] vfnsf la/fdLx¿ x]/]/ cfPkl5 d]/f] dg s]xL lbg;Dd
lk/f]lnO/xG5 . tL la/fdLx¿nfO{ cfk"mn] s]xLklg ug{ g;s]/ ls+st{Aoljd"9
eO{ 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ dfq kms{g' kg]{ cj:yfdf dnfO{ c;fWo} cK7\of/f] nfU5 .
To;}n] ;se/ cfk"mn] d2t ug{ g;Sg] l:yltdf d la/fdL x]g{ g} hfGg .
Psrf]l6 d]/f gft]bf/x¿n] d]/f] dfdfsf] 5f]/fnfO{ SofG;/ ePsf]
/x]5, ca pm af“Rb}g eGg] s'/f u/]+ . d]/L >LdtL ;'zLnfn] ;a} x]g{
uO;s]5g\\, xfdL klg x]g{ hfg'k¥of] egL dnfO{ ;'gfOg\ . la/fdLsf] l;ls:t
cj:yf ;'g]/ d}n] hfg] OR5f ul/g . t/ ;'zLnfn] dnfO{ hah{:tL Toxf“ nuL
5fl8g\ . ;f“Rr} la/fdLsf] cj:yf Psbd d/0ffGt b]lvGYof]— d'v Psbd
sfnf], b'Anf]—kftnf] . ha pgL vf]Sy], Psbd uGxfpg] sfnf] vsf/ cfp“Yof] .
af]Ng klg g;Sg] / ;f; k]mg{ klg clt uf¥xf] b]lvGYof] pgnfO{ . xfdL cfPsf]
b]v]/ pgsL >LdtL / 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ ;a} ¿g yfn] . cfºgf] xftsf] cf}+nfn]
;Í]t ub}{ la/fdLn] hLp b'Mv]sf] clg ;lhnf];“u ;f; k]mg{ g;s]sf] Ozf/f
u/] . 5ftLdf SofG;/ ePsf] xf] jf z+sfdfq u/]sf] xf], Tof] s'/f a'¤g d}n]
8fS6/n] hf“r]sf] l/kf]6{ x]g{ vf]h]+ . t/ la/fdLnfO{ clxn];Dd 8fS6/n] hf“r]s}
/x]g5 . cf}iflw k;n]sf] cg'dfgsf] e/af6 dfq cf}iff]wf]krf/ e}/x]sf] d}n]
a'e]+m . d]/f] dgdf zÍf nfUof] zfob pgnfO{ SofG;/} ePsf] 5}g . d}n] t'?Gt}
xf]6]naf6 rf/hgf dfG5] af]nfP/ la/fdLnfO{ cfºg} uf8Ldf /fvL cf]d
xl:k6ndf k'¥ofP“ . tTsfn} 8fS6/ k'is//fh ;Tofnn] hf“r u/] . la/fdLnfO{
t'¿Gt :nfOg kfgL lbOof] . PS;/], l;l6:Sofg, vsf/ cflb h“rfOof] .
ef]lnkN6} la/fdLsf] hf“rsf] ;f/f l/kf]6{ cfof] t/ To;df SofG;/ ePsf]
nIf0f} b]lvPg . t'?Gt} 8fS6/ ;Tofnn] PlG6afof]l6s / cGo cfjZos
cf}iflwx¿ lbP . 8fS6/sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ g;{x¿n] la/fdLsf] 9f8df dfln;
ub}{ k|z:t vsf/x¿ lgsfn] . jf:tjdf d]/f] dfdfsf] 5f]/fnfO{ s]xL
dlxgfcl3 ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf] /x]5 t/ ?3fvf]sLnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf] x'“bf
lgdf]lgof“ eP5 . kl5 pgsf] kmf]S;f]df vsf/x¿ el/+bfel/+b} ;f; k]mg]{ 7fp“
g} sd ePsf] /x]5 . ha—ha pgsf] kmf]S;f]af6 vsf/ lgl:sg yfNof],
d/0ffGt cj:yfdf k'u]sf tL la/fdLsf] d'v / cg'xf/ abln+b} uof] b'O{ lbgdf
g} pgL lx+88'n;d]t ug{ yfn] . /fd|f] 8foUgf]l;; u/]/ ;xL ;dodf 7Ls—
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;f]r
7Ls cf}ifwf]krf/ eof]eg] slt rf“8} glthf cfp“bf] /x]5 . dg{ nfUof] eg]sf]
la/fdLnfO{ o;/L lx+8]sf] b]Vbf dnfO{ v'a} cfgGb nfUof] . of] 36gf g]kfnsf]
s'g} b'u{d / ljs6 ufp“sf] xf]Og, xfd|} g]kfnsf] d'6' /fhwfgLsf] xf] . o:tf] 5
xfd|f] /fhwfgL egfp“bf] zx/sf] cj:yf / oxf“ a:g] dflg;x¿sf]
:jf:Yok|ltsf] x]nr]q\mof“O“ .
obfsbf cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{sf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u dfUg dsxf“
dfG5]x¿ cfO/xGy]+ / ;Sbf] ;xof]u klg u/]+ . kl5 SofG;/sf] gfp“df k};f
7Ug] dfG5]x¿ klg cfpg yfn] . slxn]sxL+ arfpg} g;Sg] cj:yfsf
la/fdLsf cfkmGtx¿ cfp“bf d cfR5'—cfR5' x'Gy]+ . w]/} h;f] la/fdLx¿ /f]u}
lgsf] kg{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf cfp“5g\ . wgf9\o eP s]xL 5}g t/ dWod ju{sf]
la/fdL ljb]zdf hfg nfUof] eg] la/fdLn] dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/n] b'Mv
ef]Ug' k5{ . hfg] t uOxfN5 / p;n] kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ g} u/La kf/]/ hfG5 .
To:tf] cj:yfdf g ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 g t ;/;Nnfx lbg g} . k/Gt', ha
cfk"mn] lbPsf] d2t, cfk"mn] u/]sf] ;xof]uaf6 s;}nfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 eg]
Tof]eGbf /dfOnf] If0f c¿ x'g} ;Sb}g . cfºgf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ t ;a}n]
arfp“5g\, Tof] t st{Jo klg eof] . t/ cfºgf] ;fgf] ;xof]uaf6 c¿nfO{
arfp“bf h'g ;'v / ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt x'G5, Tof] ug]{nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 .
c¿sf] b'MvnfO{ 6'n'6'n' x]l//xg] / c¿sf] b'Mvdf ;'v cg'ej ug]{ dflg;x¿
klg of] ;dfhdf gePsf xf]Ogg\ . zfob xfd|f] ;dfhdf clxn] eO/fv]sf
ljs[ltd"ns 36gfqmdx¿ klg oxL ;+j]bgxLg dgMl:yltsf] sf/0faf6 g}
ePsf x'g;S5g\ . efj's dgMl:yltn] dflg;nfO{ sdhf]/ agfp“5 eG5g\ t/
efjgfnfO{ zlQmdf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsof] eg] 7"N7"nf] sfdx¿ ug{ ;lsG5 .
lbg/ft SofG;/s} ljifodf nflu/x“bf d]/f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ dk|lt
lrlGtt x'g yfn] . vf;u/L d]/L cfdf . d]/L cfdfsf] cfºg} vfn] ;f]rfO lyof]
. pxf“ eGg'x'GYof], æltdLn] cfºgL >LdtLsf lgldQ h] hlt ug{ ;SYof}+, ;a}
ul/;s]sf 5f} . ;+;f/sf s'gfsfKrfdf nu]/ cf}iflwpkrf/ u/fof}, lzjn]
;tLnfO{ sf“wdf /fvL 3'd]h:t} ltdL 3'ld;Sof}+ . ca ltdL cfºgf] lhGbuLsf
af/] ;f]r .Æ cfdfn] ca d]/f] bf];|f] ljx]s} lrGtf ug{ yfNg'eof] . d pxf“sf]
s'/f ;'Gb}gy] . o;} l;nl;nfdf cfdfn] /ftL tlsofd'lg ev{/sf s]6Lx¿sf]
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;f]r
t:jL/ /fv]/ hfg'x'“bf]/x]5 . Tof] b]v]/ dnfO{ xf“;f] klg cfpYof], /L; klg
p7\Yof] . d}n] bf];|f] ljjfx ug]{ ljrf/} u/]sf] lyOg To;a]nf . slxn]sfxL+
cfdfn] /f]P/ efjgfTds …ANofsd]lnªÚ ug{ vf]Hg'x'GYof], æd a'9L eO;s]+, d
d/]kl5 ltdLn] dnfO{ e"t agfpg] < sfG5L a'xf/Ln] ;f]¥x >f4df d2t ul/g
eg] d kf/ tlb{g“Æ cflb—OToflb eGb} . slxn]sfxL+ lbSs nfu]/ d cfdfnfO{
eGy]+, æTo;f] xf] eg] d law'jf;“u ljjfx u5{' .Æ æn sxf“ law'jfnfO{ ljjfx
ug]{, nf]Ug]sf] 6fpsf] vfg];“u klg ljx] ug'{x'G5 <Æ, cfdfn] o;/L hjfkm
lbg'x'GYof] . clg d klg cfdfnfO{ eGy], æn d klg :jf:gLsf] 6fpsf] vfPsf]
nf]Ug] t xf] lg †Æ t/ cfdfsf] Pp6f s'/f dnfO{ lrQ a'¤of] . Tof] s] xf] eg]
g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf :jf:gL dflg;x¿ a'9L ePkl5 nf]Ug]lagf klg
af“Rg ;S5g\ t/ nf]Ug] dflg; a'9f] eof] eg] :jf:gLlagf af“Rg uf¥xf] x'G5
lsgeg] nf]Ug] dflg; a'9f] ePkl5 jf la/fdL eof]eg] :ofxf/;';f/ ug'{k¥of]
jf lb;flk;fk u/fOlbg'k¥of] eg] 5f]/La'xf/Ln] To;f] ug'{ ePg . 5f]/fx¿ t
5f]/fx¿ g} e}xfn] . clg ug]{ s] < To:tf] cfkTsfnLg ;dodf wd{kTgLsf]
cfjZostf x'“bf]/x]5 . dnfO{ klg nfUof], g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf cfdfsf] Tof]
syg zt\k|ltzt ;To /x]5 .
;aeGbf crDdsf] s'/f t s] ef] eg] dnfO{ cfºg} 5f]/f5f]/Ln] klg
bf];|f] ljjfxsf nflu hf]8 lbO/fv]sf lyP . d]/L >LdtLsf] lgwg x'g'eGbf
klxn] g} d]/f] 7"nf] 5f]/f ;'gLnsf nflu s]6L to ul/Psf] lyof] . d}n]
;'gLnnfO{ …ljjfx u/Ú eGbf pgn] …klxn] tkfO{ ljjfx ugf{];\, kl5 d u?“nfÚ
eg] . d Vofn7§f ub}{ pgnfO{ eGy]+, æafpn] 5f]/fsf] ljjfx ul/lbg] ls 5f]/fn]
afa'sf] <Æ ;'gLn eGYof], æclxn];Dd tkfO{+ afp dfq x'g'x'G5, d}n] ljjfx
u/]/ aRrf kfPkl5 tkfO{+ afh] x'G5, clg afh] eO;s]sf] dfG5]nfO{ s;n]
s]6L lbG5 <Æ o:tf efjgfTds dfld{s s'/f ;'Gbf t Vofn7§f h:t} nfU5 t/
oL x/]s zAbleq cyfx dd{ / dfofsf s'/f n's]sf 5g\\ . d}n] of] ;dfhdf
sltko o:tf kl/jf/ / JolQmx¿ b]v]sf] 5' hf] cfºgf] jo:s afa'nfO{
klg cfºgf] kfl/jfl/s ;DklQ Pj+ ;fdflhs :jfy{sf nflu ljjfx ug{
/f]lslbG5g\\ . ljr/f afa' lhGbuLe/ PSnf] lhGbuL af“Rg'kg]{ jfWotfdf x'G5 .
5f]/f5f]/Ln] g cfºgf] a'af cfdfsf] x]/ljrf/ u5{g\ g c¿x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf]
196
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;f]r
x]/ljrf/ ug{ nufp5g\ . of] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] Pp6f cK7\of/f] oyfy{ xf],
lj8Dagf xf] .
cfºgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] To:tf] Jofjxfl/s b[li6sf]0f b]Vg kfp“bf d

cfk"mnfO{ w]/} efUodfgL 7fG5' . d]/L 5f]/L ;';fg klg d]/f] ljjfx u/fpg]
tv{/df lyOg\ . x'“bfx'“bf rf}w jif{sf] d]/f] k'mRr] sfG5f] 5f]/f] /fhg;d]t afpsf]
ljjfx u/fpg] tv{/df † /fhg, p;sf] cfdfsf] lgwg ePkl5 d;“u} ;'TYof] .
p;sf] tlsof g} d]/f] xft x'GYof] . afp—5f]/f ;'Tg]a]nf p;nfO{ ;f]Wy]+, …d
lsg ljjfx ug]{ <Ú p;n] eGof] …8]8L, d tkfO{;“u a;'~h]n tkfO{+sf] af/]df
;f]R5', ;fyLx¿l;t v]Ng yfn]kl5 tkfO{+sf] ofb} cfp“b}g . xfdL ;a} 7"nf]
ePkl5 tkfO{+nfO{ s;n] x]/ljrf/ ug]{ <Ú 5f]/fsf] s'/f ;'g]/ d Psl5g
cndlnP“, 5Ss k/]+ s] af]n]sf] of] k'mRr]n] eg]/ .
x'g t d cfk"mnfO{ Psbd cfbz{jfbL JolQm eG7flGbg“ . lhGbuLsf]

x/df]8df cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dol;t xft]d]nf] ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf] lyP“ d .
ljb]zdf cWoog/t x'“bf klg Toxf“s} ;fdflhs dfu cg';f/ Toxf“s} cfd
gful/ssf] dgMl:yltaf6 d}n] hLjg latfP“ . t/ kfl/jfl/s b'Mvb 36gf
kZrft\ d]/f] cfºgf] hLjgz}nLdf Pp6f 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5, dfgf}+
sfofkn6 ePh:t} . ca ddf s'g} lsl;dsf] Middle-age crisis syndom 5}g,
cw{a}+;] hLjgsf] ;f+3flts ;d:ofaf6 d clxn] d'Qm 5' . klxn] lemNs] n'uf
nufpg], /f]n]S; 38L, lqmlZrog l8of]/ ;"6, afnLsf] h'Qf, 8glxnsf] k]6L
af“Wg] 7"nf] ;f]v x'GYof] . t/ clxn] s6g kfOG6 / ;6{ nufp5' . jif{sf]
b'Orf]l6 klg ;"6 nufp“lbg xf]nf . dx“uf] xf]6]ndf sd} vfg hfG5', kl/jf/sf
;fy ;—;fgf] xf]6]ndf vfg ?rfp“5' . jf:tjdf ddf hLjgsf] s'g} ljt[i0ff
hfu]sf] xf]Og t/ b]vfj6L lhGbuL ca dnfO{ st} cy{k"0f{ nfu]g / dg k/]g
klg . klxn]eGbf clxn] bfz{lgs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;f]Rg] afgL a9L ePsf]n] xf]nf
zfob d}n] bf];|f] ljjfxsf] af/]df ;f]Rg uf¥xf] ePsf] .
197
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;f]r
lhGbuLsf] pQ/fw{ nfu]kl5 k]ml/ j}jflxs hLjgsf] ;"qdf af“lwg'
Tolt ;lhnf] x'“b}g vf;u/L ha s;};“u cfºg} kfl/jfl/s Pj+ ;fdflhs
lhDd]jf/L x'G5g\ . Tof] a]nf dnfO{ e"tsfnsf] efjgfTds cJ;]zg
(Obsession) / eljiosf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu eO/x]sf bf}8w"kn] d]/f]
jt{dfgsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cf]e]mndf kfl//fv]sf lyP . …cfp6 ckm ;fO6,
cfp6 ckm dfO08Ú eg]h:t} d of] dfld{s dfxf]naf6 aflx/ hfg ;s]sf] eP
zfob dg kl/jt{g x'g ;SYof] ls † ToxLa]nf 3/df kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n]
klg cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ul//fv]sL cfºg} :jhftLo kl/jf/sL ;'zLnf
wfVjfl;t d]/f] ljjfxsf] s'/f rnfPsf /x]5g\ . d]/f] So"jf hfg] sfo{qmds}
;do ldnfP/ sfG5f] 5f]/f /fhg / d cd]l/sf uof}+ ;'zLnf / pgsf
kl/jf/nfO{ e]6\g . cd]l/sfd} al;/x]sf d]/f ;fyL /Tgdfg zfSosf]
Go"of]s{l:yt 3/df klxnf]kN6 ;'zLnf;“u d]/f] e]6 eof] . lg/Gt/ kL8f /
b'Mvsf sf/0f …/f]dfG;Ú slxn]sfxL+ dflg;sf] cGtM:s/0fdf lrl;P/
…xfOe/g]zgÚ eO{ n'sL a:bf]/x]5 clg cg's"ntf ldNgf;fy k]ml/ 9sdSs
k'mn]/ cfp“bf]/x]5 …Pp6f dfG5]sf] dfofn] slt km/s kb{5 lhGbuLdfÚ eg]h:t}
. g]kfnaf6 xhf/f}+ xhf/ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f gof“ b]z, gof“ kl/j]z / gf}nf]
dfxf]ndf cUnL, /fd|L, uf]/L / ;w}+ xf“l;/xg] ;'zLnfsf] cfsif{s JolQmTj b]v]/
d]/f] dgdf cfzfsf] gof“ c+s"/ knfP/ cfof] . jf:tjdf ;'zLnf d]/f] sn]hs}
;fyL /fh wfVjfsL alxgL /lx5g\ . /fh 8fS6/ eP/ ljut aL;—tL;
jif{b]lv cd]l/sfd} a;f]af; ul//x]sf ePklg pgsL cfdf k/Dk/fut wfld{s
Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ljrf/sL ePsf] x'“bf pgLx¿ ;a} ljb]zdf a;]/ klg k"/f
g]kfnLkgd} hLjg latfO/x]sf 5g\ . k"hfsf]7Ldf 306f aHg], laxfg a]n'sf
g]kfnL vfgf vfg], g]jf/L 3/flgofkg . s]xL lbg Go"h;L{ a;]/ /fhg / d
Sofgf8fsf] df]lG6«on x'“b} So"jfsf] xjfgf uof}+ . Toxf“af6 g]kfn kms]{s} s]xL
dlxgfkl5 d]/f] / ;'zLnfsf] ljjfx eof] . o;/L d]/f] lhGbuLsf] gof“ kfgf
k]ml/ klN6of] .
***
198
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!@
g]kfn vQd 5}
5}g
æ;'/Iffsf] s'/f ubf{, g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt zfob klxn]eGbf lalu|Psf] xf]nf
t/ ;+;f/ g} sxf“ k"0f{ ;'/lIft 5 / clxn] † OG8f]g]l;ofsf] afnLsf] kf“r tf/]
xf]6]ndf ad k8\lsg ;S5, :k]gdf ofqf ubf{—ub}{ /]n Wj:t x'g;S5,
dlgnfdf ko{6sx¿ x/fpg ;S5g\, Oh/fon / c/adf s'g}klg a]nf
cfTd3ftL ad k8\lsg ;S5, n08gsf] Po/kf]6{df ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f s'g}a]nf
p8fg /2 x'g;S5 . ha cd]l/sfsf] …l6\jg 6fj/Ú ;'/lIft 5}g eg] ;+;f/df
sxf“ s] ;'/lIft 5 eGg] < x/]s b]zdf cf—cfºgf] lsl;dsf 8fjf“8f]nx¿
5g\ . clxn] ;f/f ;+;f/sf] :j¿k, ;+/rgf b"|tultn] kl/jt{g e}/x]sf] 5 .
ca of] kl/jlt{t cfw'lgs ;+;f/df cfw'lgs dflg; eP/ af“Rg] xf] eg]
cfw'lgs hl6n ;d:ofx¿l;t h'w]/ hLjgofkg ug{] snf l;Sg' k5{ . dflg;
bf}8g ;S5 t/ ;d:ofx¿af6 n'Sg ;Sb}g .Æ
ev{/—ev{/ ljjfx ePsf], Tof] klg ;;'/fnL g} cd]l/sf ePkl5

Psrf]l6 k]ml/ b]z ljb]z e|d0f u/]/ dg /dfpg] /x/ hfUof] . ;g\ !(() sf]
bzsdf d g]kfn ;Dkbf ;+/If0f ;+3sf] cWoIf ePsf] gftfn] / ko{6gsf]
IF]qdf a9L lqmofzLn ePsf] x'“bf klg o"/f]k / cd]l/sfdf slxn] ;Dd]ngdf
efu lng, slxn] cfºgf] Joj;fo k|a4{g ug{ / slxn] To;} 3'Dg hfg] qmd
199
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;f]r
a9\of] . o;/L ljb]z hf“bf Toxf“sf k|jf;L ;fyLefOx¿n] dfof u/L dnfO{
3/df vfg af]nfp“5g\\ . cfºgf] b]zaf6 6f9f cfºgf g]kfnL bfh'efOl;t
ukm;km ug{ kfp“bf dnfO{ v'zL t nfU5 t/ s'/f ubf{ub}{ ha pgLx¿
g]kfnsf] cfnf]rgf ug{ yfN5g\, dnfO{ cK7\of/f] k5{ . k|ltjfb u?“ eg] Toxf“
d kfx'gf eP/ cfPsf] 5', g"g vfO;s]sf] 5', gu?“ eg] dgn] g} dfGb}g . k]ml/
d]/f] Pp6f v/fa afgL – d s;}sf] jflxoft s'/f ;'Gg} ;lSbg . enfs';f/Ls}
qmddf ha d pxf“x¿nfO{ g]kfn cfpg lgDTofp“5', sltkon] æv} g]kfn t
cfpg dgk5{, t/ aRrfx¿ Toxf“ k'Ugf;fy la/fdL g} x'G5g\\, slxn]
emf8fkvfnf nfU5Æ h:tf u'gf;f] ;'gfp“5g\ . slxn]sfxL+ d Toxf“ x's]{sf
pGgfO;—aL; jif{sf s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ dfof u/L ;f]Wy]+, "Have you visited
Nepal ?" pgLx¿ lglZrGt eP/ tTsfn} hjfkm lbOxfNy], "Oh my god, I don't
think, I can !" g]kfnL eP/ g]kfnk|ltsf] Tof] cjx]ngf b]Vbf d b'Mlvt
x'Gy] . cd]l/sfsf /fi6«kltsf 5f]/f g]kfn cfP/ Ps dlxgf latfpg ;S5g\,
l/sL dfl6{g h:tf ljZjk|l;4 ufosx¿ g]kfndf af/Daf/ cfp“5g\,\ lk|G;
rfN;{, lk|G;]; 8fogf, dN6L Gofzgn sDkgLsf cWoIfx¿ g]kfnsf] Uffp“—
ufp“ 3'Dg hfG5g\ . pgLx¿ la/fdL ePgg\, pgLx¿sf] k]6 klg u8a8 ePg
t/ tL k|jf;L g]kfnLsf ;Gtfgx¿ g]kfn cfpg lsg 8/fP xf]nfg\ < s]
ljb]zdf x'ls{g] g]kfnL afnaRrfx¿sf] /xg;xg lk|G; rfN;{sf] hLjg:t/
eGbf pRr:t/Lo eof] t < Vofn7§f ub}{ d pgLx¿nfO{ ;'emfa lbGy+],
ætkfO{+x¿ ca g]kfn cfp“bf k};f arfpg' ePg, sGh':of“O“ ug{' ePg, v'nf
k;nsf df;' lsGg' ePg, k]|m; xfp;sf] df;' lsGg' k¥of], wf/fsf] kfgL lkpg'
ePg, ldg/n jf6/ lkpg' k¥of], clg kf] emf8fkvfnf nfUb}g . k'm6kfy,
/]i6'/]G6df gvfO{ cln a9L k};f lt/]/ :t/Lo xf]6]ndf uP/ vfPsf] eP la/fdL
x'“b}gYof] ls †Æ g]kfndf cfP/ k};f klg vr{ gug]{, clg la/fdL eOof] eg]/
g]kfnnfO{ lv;L ug]{nfO{ ca s] eGg] †
200
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;f]r
g]kfndf s'g}klg sfd x'g ;Sb}g, oxf“sf] /fhgLlts Joj:yf vQd
5, ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ Wj:t 5g\\, sf7df8f}+ k|b"lift 5 cflb—OToflb s'/f u/]/
clwsf+z k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿n] cfºg} hGde"ldnfO{ x]lk/x]sf 5g\ . x'g t
pgLx¿sf] g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof klg x'g ;S5 of] jf dgleq ps';d's'; ¿kdf
s'l07t eO/fv]sf efjgfx¿ klg x'g;S5g\ . pgLx¿sf] of] ljt[i0ff k|fs[lts
geP/, dnfO{ nfU5, ck|fs[lts vfnsf] xf] . pgLx¿sf] dgleq g]kfnk|lt
dfof / df]x cjZo 5 t/ cfºgf] b]z 5f]8]/ ljb]zdf uO{ zfob bf];|f] >]0fLsf]
gful/ssf] hLjgofkg ug]{ qmddf cfºgf s'l07t efjgfx¿ n'sfpg jf
bafpgsf nflu pgLx¿ kfZrfTo hut\sf] ;txL hLjg:t/nfO{ a9L dxTj

lbP/ cfºgf] b]zsf] cfnf]rgf ul//fv]sf x'G5g\\ . dnfO{ nfU5, ljb]zdf a:g]
k|jf;Lx¿sf] g]kfnk|ltsf] rflxg]—grflxg] cfnf]rgfnfO{ dgf]j}1flgs b[li6n]
x]¥of] eg] To;leq cGtlg{lxt s'/f ;lhn} a'¤g ;lsG5 .
sltrf]l6 pgLx¿l;t d]/f] jfbljjfb klg x'GYof] o;af/] . g]kfnsf

af/]df s'/f p7fpgf;fy pgLx¿ sxL+ g sxL+ s}lkmot vf]lhxfNy]— slxn]
ljdfg:yndf x'g] e|i6frf/sf af/]df, slxn] le;f af/]df / slxn] eG;f/sf]
emGeml6nf] k|lqmofsf af/]df . t/ Go"of]s{sf] hf]g= Pkm= Sofg]8L ljdfg:yndf
k'Ubf g]kfnLdfq xf]Og, ;a} ljb]zLx¿nfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ ul/G5 eGg] s'/f
pgLx¿n] ofb u/]sf x'“b}gg\ . Go"of]s{sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf t emG8}
b'O{ kGg] nfdf] kmf/fd eg'{k5{, kmf/fddf Ps cIf/ klg u8\a8 ug'{ x'“b}g,
306f}+;Dd nfOgdf a:g'k5{ clg Oldu|];gsf b]Vb} 8/nfUbf sd{rf/Lx¿n]
7"N7"nf] :j/n] cfuGt'sx¿nfO{ e]+8f—Rof+u|fx¿nfO{ e}+m nfOg nufp“5g\\ .
tgfju|:t x'G5 Toxf“sf] jftfj/0f . d} x'“ eGg]x¿ klg Oldu|];g clkm;/sf
cufl8 k'Ubf p;nfO{ l/emfpg ha/h:tL s[lqd tl/sfn]] xf“;]/ s'/f u5{g\ .
t/ Tof] clkm;/ sxf“ xf“:g]jfnf 5 / † kf;kf]6{sf] t:aL/ x]/]/ Toxf“ cfpg]
cfuGt'snfO{ vfp“nf ls h:tf], od/fhn] x]/]h:t} x]5{ .
201
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;f]r
ljb]zdf g]kfnLx¿ aL;f}+ jif{b]lv kl;gf r'xfP/ d]xgtsf ;fy sfd
ul//fv]sf 5g\\ . ;f/f lzIffsf] ef/ g]kfnnfO{ af]sfP/ kmn lbg] a]nfdf
ljb]zdf uO{ c¿x¿sf] cy{tGqnfO{ 6]jf / ;xof]u lbO/fv]sf 5g\\, oBlk
pgLx¿n] Tof] ljb]zL ;dfhdf hlt OHht kfpg'kg]{ xf], Tolt kfO/x]sf
5}gg\ . d]/f] Pshgf ;fyL Oª\Nof08sf] Pp6f k|ltli7t sDkgLdf 7"n}
cf]xbfdf sfd u5{g\ . zfob pgL g]kfndf eOlbPsf] eP w]/} ;Ddfg kfp“y]
xf]nf . Pstfsf d pgsf] 3/df b'O{ xKtf hlt a:g k'u]+ . x'g t pgL wgL
dflg;x¿dfq a:g] pRr:t/Lo 7]D;sf] ktgL eGg] 6f]ndf a:g] uy]{ . t/
pgsf] cfºg} l5d]sLx¿l;t klg lrghfg lyPg, af]nrfn lyPg . d Toxf“
kGw| lbg a;]+ . Toltsf lbg a:bf klg g d}n] Toxf“ Pshgf ljb]zL kfx'gf
cfPsf] b]v]+ g t pgnfO{ sf]xL ljb]zLn] lgdGq0ff u/]s} . ;w}+ a|]skmf:6 vfP/
clkm; hfGy] / clkm;af6 kms]{kl5sf] ;do 3/d} 6L=eL= x]/]/ latfp“y] .
s:tf] PSnf] lhGbuL < g]kfndf Tof] :t/df k'u]sf] JolQm slt Jo:t x'g'k5{,
;f]r]/ ;fWo g} x'“b}g . slxn]sfxL+ t g]kfndf olt w]/} lgdGq0ff cfO/fv]sf
x'G5g\ ;a}lt/ hfgnfO{ g} d'l:sn x'G5 . uha 5, Tolt nfdf] ;do ljb]zdf
a;]/ / To:tf] 7"nf] cf]xbfdf sfd u/]/ klg pgnfO{ Tof] b]zsf] ;dfhn]
v'n:t ¿kdf :jLsf/]sf] 5}g .
Pstfsf d}n] klg ljb]zlt/} a;f]af; ug]{ ljrf/ u/]sf] lyP“ .

ci6«]lnofsf] la|:j]g zx/df …xfp; ckm sf7df8f}Ú+ gfds g]kfnL x:tsnf
s]Gb| / 6«fen Ph]G;L rnfPsf] lyP“ . To;a]nf;Dd ci6«]lnofdf g]kfnsf]
gfdf]lg;fg lyPg . s;}nfO{ yfxf lyPg g]kfn sxf“ 5 eGg] . xfp; ckm
sf7df8f}+sf dfWodaf6 la:tf/} g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|rf/ ug{ yfn]+ . Jofkf/ klg
/fd|} ePsf] x'“bf ;f] Joj;fonfO{ cGo zx/x¿df klg la:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf
agfP“ . Toxf“ a:bfa:b} d]/f] hLjgz}nL klg /fd|} ePsf] lyof] . kGw| tnfdfly
k]G6xfp;df a:y]+, dx“uf] uf8L r9\y]+ . Tof] b]zsf]] hLjgz}nLsf] cf};teGbf
klg dflyNnf] :t/df g} hLjg latfP“ . t/ Toxf“sf] ljnf;L lhGbuLn] d]/f]
dgleqsf] v'Nb'nLnfO{ d]6fpg ;s]g . kfZrfTo rdsbdsn] d]/f] efjgfnfO{
202
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;f]r
dTy/ kfg{ ;s]g . cfºgf] kl/jf/, ;dfh / b]zk|ltsf] k|]dnfO{ 9NdNofpg
;s]g . ;x;f dgdf nflu/x\of] — ljb]zdf a;]/ d]/f] kf/ nfUb}g, dxdfly
elGs/xg] le“muf eP/ af“Rg'eGbf cfºgf] hGde"lddf Ps k|ltli7t dflg; eP/
af“Rg' g} kmnbfoL xf]nf eGg] pHofnf]sf] 6s k¥of] d]/f] dfg;k6ndf . d
h:tf JolQm ljb]zdf nfvf}+nfv xf]nfg\, d]/f] u0fgf Toxf“ zfob krf;—;f7L
k|ltztdf klg kb}{gYof] xf]nf . t/ g]kfndf d Ps of b'O{ k|ltztsf]
dxTjk"0f{ u0fgfdf k5'{ . ToxL ljrf/af6 k|]l/t eO{ bf]wf/] lhGbuLnfO{ TofUb}
cfºg} b]zdf ;Dk"0f{ a'l4 / zlQmnfO{ vGofpg] ;dk{0f ug]{ d}n] c7f]6 u/]+ .
cGtx{[bob]lv rfx]sf] v08df g]kfndf klg w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

dnfO{ nfU5, ljb]zdf a:g] k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿n] hlt g} d]xgt u/] klg
pgLx¿ tL d'ns ' sf] ;fdfGo dWodjuL{o kl/jf/eGbf dfly k'Ug ;s]sf
5}gg\ . of] cjZo xf] g]kfn / ljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] ;fdflhs :t/df cfsfz
/ hldgsf] km/s 5 . zfob ToxL sf/0fn] xf]nf ljb]zdf ;fgf]—ltgf] sfd
ul//fVg]x¿n] klg g]kfndf cg]s s}lkmot, vf]6x¿ b]Vg] u/]sf] . ljb]zdf
uP/ :jb]zsf] bfneftsf] ;§f a|]skmf:6, n~r, l8g/ vfO{ Pp6f

;]s]08x\of08 uf8L lsGgf;fy cfºgf] hLjg:t/df cfd"n kl/jt{g b]Vg]x¿n]
g]kfnsf ;DkGg / ljkGgaLrsf] vf8n t'?Gt} b]V5g\ t/ pgLx¿nfO{ s] yfxf
x'“b}g eg] x'g—
] gx'g] aLrsf] vf8n g]kfndf dfq x}g, Toxf“ emg\ ulx/f]
5 . hLjgz}nLsf] of] t'ngfTds cg'ej Tolt g} jf:tljs 5 hlt
eL/kfvfdf l9+8f] vfO{ hLjgofkg ug]{ Pp6f x'DnLn] sf7df8f}+df cfP/ Pp6f
bnfgdf a;f]af; u/L bfneft vf“bf cg'ej u5{ .
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:t/ :jtM a9]sf] b]V5g\ . oxL cg'kftdf pgLx¿sf] x]/fO, ;f]rfO klg
a9\bf]/x]5 . slxn]sfxL+ ljb]zaf6 NofPsf s]xL k};f pgLx¿n] g]kfndf
nufgL ug{ vf]Hbf oxf“sf] k|zf;sLo af]em, emd]nf / eG;f/sf] emGem6
cflbn] pgLx¿nfO{ xtf]T;fxL agfp5 . ;/sf/L lgsfox¿df emf]+h emd]nf
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g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ljsl;t b]zx¿df klg x'G5 . km/s s] 5 eg] ljb]zdf
xfdL hlt klg kv{g ;S5f}+ t/ g]kfndf kv{g] w}o{ x'“b}g . g]kfndf x]k]/ eP
klg t'?Gt} sfd u/fpg' kg]{ . dnfO{ cg'ej 5, cd]l/sfdf xf];\ jf
c:6«]lnofdf, olb Jofkf/ ug{sf] nflu dfn lemsfpg' k¥of] eg] sd;]sd !)
k]hsf] kmf/fd eg'{k5{ . ;'tL sk8f xf] ls /fog xf], afn]/ hf“lrG5 . Toxf“sf]
eG;f/af6 dfn 5'6fpg ;f]e}m Jofkf/Ln] t ;Sb} ;Sb}g . bnfn eg"“ jf
Ph]G6, pgLx¿af6 5'6fpg' k5{ . t/ ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ xfd|f bfh'efOx¿
ljb]zsf] emf]+hemd]nfnfO{ la;{G5g\ clg g]kfnsf] ;fgf]—ltgf] emd]nfnfO{ klg
ltnsf] kxf8 agfOlbG5g\ .
s'g}klg ;dfhdf 7"nf] dfG5] eP/ af“Rg ;lhnf] 5}g . ;fgf]

dflg;dfq eP/ sfd ug{ t sxL+ klg uf¥xf] x'“b}g . ;fgf] eP/ af“Rbf
cK7\of/f / cfnf]rgfx¿ cfp“b}gg\ . lbge/ sfd u¥of], sdfO{ cg';f/sf]
vfof], a;\ . g pgLx¿nfO{ s;}n] 7Ug] 8/, g n'6\g] g b'Mv lbg] 8/ g} x'G5 .
t/ ha s'g} JolQm ;dfhsf] ;fdfGo :t/eGbf dfly plSnG5, clg p;nfO{
;a}n] x]l//fv]sf x'G5g\\— rfx] h'g;'s} d'n'sdf lsg gxf];\ . cd]l/sfdf xf];\
jf Oª\Nof08, ci6«]lnof jf /l;of g} lsg gxf];\, s'g} JolQm Tof] b]zsf] cf};t
cfly{s / ;fdflhs :t/eGbf dfly plSngf;fy, ;a}sf] gh/ p;df
kl/xfN5 . clg, p;n] cg]s emd]nfx¿ e]mNg'kg]{ x'G5 . s'g b]zdf slt
e|i6frf/ x'G5, Jofkf/ / /fhgLlt aLrsf] …g]S;;Ú slt x'G5, sf]l;t slQsf]
;DaGw rflxG5, 7"nf–7"nf sfd ug{ slt uf¥xf] x'G5, s–s;nfO{ v'zL kfg'{
kbf]{/x]5, cfos/jfnfn] slt ;tfp“bf /x]5g\ – oL ;a s'/f To;a]nf
yfxf x'G5, ha pm Tof] ;dfhsf] k|ltli7t JolQm x'G5 ofg] Tof] ;dfhsf]
uGodfGo -'Who is Who'_ sf] :t/df k5{ . ljkGg ;dfhdf ;DkGg eP/ af“Rg
hlt uf¥xf] x'G5 Tolt g} uf¥xf] x'G5 ljsl;t d'n'ssf] 7"nf] dflg; eP/
af“Rg klg . tNnf] jf dWod:t/sf] ;fdflhs hLjgofkg u/]/ pRr:t/Lo
hLjgz}nLsf] cb[Zo jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;ls+b}g . g]kfnsf
k'm6kf6df So"l/of] a]Rg] / ;fgfltgf v'b|F Jofkf/ u/L lx+8\g] ;fwf/0f
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dflg;x¿nfO{ oxf“ klg t s] emGem6 5 / † lbgel/ cfºgf] Ifdtf cg';f/
sdfp“5g\\, vfG5g\\ / /dfp“5g\ . g pgLx¿nfO{ nfO;]G; lng] wGbf g
gjLs/0f u/fpg] wGbf, g eG;f/sf] emGem6 g t 6\ofS; ltg]{ g} ;d:of . s]
pgLx¿sf] lhGbuL g]kfndf ;nnn alu/x]sf] 5}g / < dnfO{ nfU5, clxn]
ljsl;t d'n'sdf sfd ul//fv]sf hlt klg k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿ 5g\, clwsf+zn]
Tof] b]zsf] cf};t hLjg:t/eGbf dfly k'u]/ sfd gul//fv]sf] x'“bf Toxf“sf]]
;DkGg ;dfhsf] cb[Zo sl7gfO{ / emGem6x¿ cg'ej g} ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
ut ;fn sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿sf] Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o

;Dd]ngdf dnfO{ klg jQmfsf] ¿kdf lgdGq0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf
ljb]zaf6 cfPsf kf“r ;ohgfeGbf a9L k|jf;L g]kfnL ;xefuLx¿ lyP .
5nkmnsf] qmddf Toxf“ s] a'lemof] eg] hltklg k};f g]kfndf lelqof], Tof] t
c/j, hfkfg, dn]lzofdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x¿af6 kf] cfPsf] /x]5, 7"N7"nf]
s'/f ug]{ ljsl;t d'n'sdf a;f]af; ul//fv]sf k|jf;Lx¿af6 t cfnf]rgfx¿
dfq cfpbf] /x]5, /sd rflx+ w]/} sd . Pshgf ldqn] t xf“;]/} eg], æaL;
jif{ aflx/ a;]/ sfd ubf{ g]kfndf k};f Nofpg' t stf xf] stf, 3/fo;L
c+za08f kZrft\ g]kfnsf] 3/af/ a]r]/ g]kfnaf6 kf] k};f lnP/ uPsf] 5 .Æ
t/ sltko o:tf g]kfnLx¿ klg 5g\ h;n] ljb]zdf uP/ cfºgf] b]zsf] gfd
yfld/fv]sf 5g\ . To;}n] d]/f] cfzo Ifdtfjfg\ g]kfnLn] b]zsf] ;Lldt
cfly{s kl/j]zdf u'lD;P/ ;w}+ al;/xg' k5{ eGg] xf]Og . olb ljb]zdf uP/
cfly{s Pj+ af}l4s nfe lng ;lsG5 eg] of] cj;/sf] pkof]u ug'k{ 5{ . t/
eljiodf ljb]zaf6 cfh{g u/]sf tL ;Lk / IfdtfnfO{ cfºgf] hGde"lddf

pkof]u ug'{ k5{ . cGoyf dft[e"ldsf] ef/f nfUg]5 .
Eff}lts ¿kn] g]kfn hlt;'s} u/La ePklg :jfledfgL g]kfnLsf

lgldQ t of] b]z :ju{ g} xf] . of] ulx/fO{ a'‰g / hfGg of] b]zsf] ;fk]lIft
kmfObf (Comparative Advantage) sf cfwf/df cWoog ug'{k5{ . s]xL jif{
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klxn] afa'cfdfsf] >f4 ug{ d / d]/f] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ ef/ttk{m uPsf
lyof}+ . ;aeGbf klxn] xfdL sf7df8f}+af6 agf/; uof}+ xjfO{hxfhaf6 .
Po/kf]6{ k'Ugf;fy cWofudg sfof{non] d]/f] / d]/f] kl/jf/sf ;a}
;b:ox¿sf] kf;kf]6{ dfUof] . d}n] eg]+, æg]kfnLnfO{ ef/t cfp“bf /fxbfgL
rflx+b}g .Æ t/ cWofudgsf] sd{rf/Ln] dnfO{ ;f¥x} lsrlsr u¥of] / kl5
la:tf/} d]/f] sfgdf cfP/ v';'Ss eGof], æc/] eOof %)) ¿k}of“ rfojfo s]
lnP lblhP .Æ d}n] 3"; lbg dflgg“ . ta pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ Ps306f;Dd
Po/kf]6{df s'/fP . ;a} ko{6sx¿ uPkl5dfq xfd|f] gful/stf k|df0fkq x]/]/
aflx/ k7fOof] . To;kl5 km]l/ eG;f/sf] Pp6f sd{rf/L cfof] . xfdLn] slt
ef=¿= NofPsf 5f}+ egL ;f]Wof] . ha d}n] krf;—;f7L xhf/ NofPsf] s'/f
;'gfP“, p;n] Toltsf ef=¿= sxf“af6, s;/L / lsg NofPsf] eg]/ b'Mv lbg
yfNof] . d}n] xfdL tLy{ofqf ug{ cfPsf xf}+ / g]kfnLsf lgldQ ef/t cfp“bf
ef/tLo ¿k}of“ g} lnP/ cfpg' k5{ eg]+ . t/, pgLx¿ xfdLnfO{ b'Mv} lbP/
3"; lng vf]lh/x]sf lyP . d}n] s'g} xfntdf klg 3"; glbg] ljrf/ u/]+ .
cGtdf c;fWo} b'Mv lbg yfn]kl5, d}n] l/;n] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 lbNnLl:yt g]kfnL
/fhb"tfjf;df ;Dks{ ug{ vf]h]+ . aNn xfdLnfO{ Toxf“af6 5f]l8of] .
Po/kf]6{af6 aflx/ lg:sgf;fy bh{gf}+ 6\ofS;Ljfnfx¿sf] 3rf3rdf

xfdL km:of}+ . xfdLnfO{ lnP/ hfg 6\ofS;L 8«fOe/x¿ xft xfnfxfn u/L
emu8f ug{ nfu] . Tof] emu8fdf Pshgf 8«fOe/sf] t gfsaf6 /ut} aUof] .
aNnaNn xfdL xf]6]n k'Uof}+ . sf]7fdf cf/fdn] a:g klg kfPsf lyPgf}+,
6]lnkmf]gsf] 306L aHg yfNof] . dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] sxf“af6 6]lnkmf]g cfof]
eg]/ lsgls agf/;df d}n] s;}nfO{ lrg]s} lyOg . l/l;e/ p7fP/ ;'g;]+
Pp6f ;f8L k;n]n] 6]lnkmf]g u/]sf] /x]5 . pm eGb} lyof], æ;fxj, efjLhL s]
lnP ;f8L vl/bgf xf] tf] xdf/] oxf“ cR5f cf}/ ;:tf ;f8L ldn]uf .Æ
Psl5g kl5 km]l/ 6]lnkmf]gsf] 306L aHof],] Tof] kmf]g 6«fen Ph]G;Lsf] /x]5 .
p;sf] Ph]G;Laf6 uf8L ef8fdf lng cg'/f]w ub}{ lyof] pm . jf:tjdf
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xf]6]nsf] l/;]K;lgi6n] xfdLnfO{ df]6f] af]sf eG7fg]/ sldzg vfg] nf]edf
ljleGg 6«fen Ph]G;L / ;f8L k;n]x¿nfO{ d]/f] sf]7fsf] gDa/ lbPsf] /x]5 .
of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ d}n] xf]6]nsf] l/;]K;gdf a:g] sd{rf/LnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g u/]/
km]l/ csf]{ kmf]g cfof] eg] xfdL cs}{ xf]6]ndf a:g hfg] r]tfjgL lbP“ .
ef]lnkN6 laxfg ;a]/} g'xfO{—w'jfO{ u/]/ u¨fsf] 3f6df >f4 ug{ hfg
xfdL ;a} xf]6]nsf] naLdf cfof}+ . n † Toxf“ t b'O{hgf k08fx¿ hg} / wf]tL
nufP/ lgwf/df >Lv08sf] 6Lsf nufO{ xfdLnfO{ klv{/fv]sf /x]5g\\ . tL
k08fx¿sf cf—cfºgf 3f6x¿ /x]5g\ / xfdLnfO{ cf—cfºgf] kmGbfdf kfg{
vf]lh/x]sf /x]5g\ . Tof] zx/sf] Tof] rl/q b]v]/ dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . dlGb/
k'Ubf sldzg vfg] nf]en] k08fx¿n] kmnk"mn k;ndf ;Dks{ u/fpg], k"mn
a]Rg]n] h'Qf x]g]{ dfG5] ldnfpg] . s:tf] of] …sg]S;gÚ sf] zx/ † 8«fOe/n]
xf]6]nnfO{, xf]6]nn] 6«fen Ph]G;LnfO{, 6«fen Ph]G;Ln] ;f8L k;n]nfO{, k08fn]
k"mn a]Rg]nfO{ clg k"mn a]Rg]n] h'Qf x]]g]{nfO{ — of] s:tf] sg]S;g} sg]Szgsf]
zx/ < s] g]kfndf o:tf] x'G5 <
jgf/;kl5 xfdL cnfxfafb uof}+ . cnfxfafbsf] gfp“ w]/} ;'g]sf] lyP“

t/ xfd|f] xf]6]naf6 s'De ofg] u¨f / hd'gf gbLsf] bf]efgdf k'Ug] a]nf;Dd
emG8} #) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;8sx¿sf] bfof“—afof“ v'nf 9n /x]5g\ . udL{sf
sf/0f tL 9naf6 kfgLdf kmf]sf—kmf]sf pl7/fv]sf] clg kmf]xf]/ hyfefjL
ºof“lsPsf] sf/0faf6 ;Dk"0f{ jftfj/0f b'u{lGwt lyof] . clg To;df sNkgf g}
ug{ g;Sg] 6«flkms hfd . x'g t ;8ssf bfof“—jfof“ cToGt /fd|f—/fd|f 5–
;ft tn] ejgx¿ lyP t/ tL clwsf+z 3/x¿sf] leQf—leQfdf u'“O7fsf
lglDt uf]a/x¿ 6f“l;Psf] lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof], ef/tsf] clt 7"nf] /fHo, Tof]
klg tLg–tLg hgf k|wfgdGqL hGdfpg] cnfxfjfb gu/Lsf] of] xfnt 5 eg]
d]/f] sf7df8f}+ t slt /fd|f] / slt ;kmf;'“£3/ †
g]kfnnfO{ lrGg g]kfnd} a;]/ x'“b}g, c¿ b]znfO{ klg x]g}{ k5{ . t/

c¿ b]z x]g]{ eGb}df g]kfnnfO{ l:j6\h/Nof08l;t bf“h]/ x'“b}g . d Ps xf]6]n
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Joj;foL x'“, d}n] d]/f] xf]6]nnfO{ lxn6gl;t bfh]+ eg] d ;w}+ u/La} x'G5' . t/
d}n] cfºgf ;dsIfL xf]6]n pBdLl;t bf“h]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] o;n] dnfO{ ;fGTjgf
/ sfd ug]{ k|]/0ff lbG5 . ca xfdLn] xfd|f] b]znfO{ sf]l;t bf“Hg] < agf/; /
cnfxfafbl;t bf“h]/ cfºgf] j:t'l:ylt x]g{ vf]Hbf cGofo eof] t < clxn]
xfdL g]kfndf ;'/Iff 5}g eg]/ s/fO/fv]sf 5f}+ . xf], ljut bz—af¥x jif{sf]
;dofjlwdf xfd|f] b]zsf] ;'/Iffl:ylt g/fd|f] e};s]sf] 5 . tyflk xfd|f] cj:yf
c¿ d'n'sx¿sf] eGbf vQd} 5 eGg' cg'lrt x'G5 < laxf/df lbp“;} 8fS6/ /
jlsnx¿sf] ckx/0f ePsf] va/ xfdL ;'G5f}+ . aDaO{df kfg k;n]b]lv
7"N7"nf lkmNdL snfsf/x¿n] cfºgf] Joj;fo ug{ dflkmofx¿nfO{ ;nfdL
r9fpg' k5{ . o;sf] cg'ej t dgLiff sf]O/fnfnfO{ klg xf]nf lg † s]xL lbg
cufl8 d]/f] ldq 8fS6/ cGhgLs'df/ zdf{n] dnfO{ Pp6f uhasf] 36gf
;'gfP . aDaO{df Pshgf 8fS6/n] s'g} wgf9\o la/fdLnfO{ lgsf] kf/]kl5
la/fdLn] pgnfO{ Pp6f dl;{l8h uf8L pkxf/ lbPsf /x]5g\ . 8fS6/n] v'zL
eP/ cfºgf] kl/jf/nfO{ dl;{l8h uf8Ldf /fvL d]l/g 8«fOelt/ 3'dfP5g\ .
To;kl5 rf}kftLDff e]nk'/L vfg hfg] of]hgf agfP5g\ . hf“bfhf“b} aLr}df
df]afOnsf] 306L ah]5 . 8fS6/n] df]afOnaf6 …x]nf]Ú eGg kfPs} lyPgg\,
ptfaf6 Pp6f ux|f} cfjfh cfP5, æawfO{ 8fS6/ ;fxa cfksL gO{ rdstL
x'O{ uf8L s] lnP . cR5f, O;s] ;'/Iff s] lnP xdf/] cfbdLsf] yf]8f ax't
;nfdL b]t] /xgf .Æ kl/jf/l;t rf}kftLdf e]nk'/L vfg hfg nfu]sf 8fS6/
8/fP/ ;/f;/ kms]{/ cfk"mn] lgsf] kf/]sf] JolQmsxf“ uO{ d]/f] ;fgf] df?tL
Eofg g} 7Ls 5 eg]/ p;nfO{ pkxf/ lbPsf] dl;{l8h a]~r wGojfb ;lxt
kmsf{OlbP5g\ . l5d]sL b]zsf] ;To 36gf xf] of] .
cd]l/sfs} s'/f u/f}+ . Pslbg d / d]/f] ;fyL /Tgdfg zfSo

Go"of]s{sf] 6fOD; :jfo/df …8«fOeÚ ul//fv]sf lyof}+ . /Tgdfg To;a]nf
cd]l/sfl:yt …k|f]8S6 g]kfnÚ gfds 6«]8 k|df]zg ;]G6/df sfo{/t lyP .
xfdLn] h]a|f qml;ªlg/ uf8L /f]Sof}+ . cgfof; /Tgdfgsf] xft xg{df k'u]/
Kjf“Ss xg{ aHg k'Uof] . h]a|f qml;ªdf lx+l8/x]sf Ps JolQmn] ck/em6 uf8L
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g} k'm6\nf h:tf] u/L d'Ssf ahf/] . xfdL b'a} …;/L—;/LÚ eGb} lyof}+ t/ tL
dflg;n] ceb| zAb k|of]u ub}{ ufnL ug{ 5f]8]gg\ . d}n] klg l/;n] tL
ofqLnfO{ s]xL eGg vf]h]sf] lyP“ t/ /Tgdfgn] dnfO{ aLrd} /f]s] . To;a]nf
pl;t k|ltjfb ug{ g;s]sf]df dnfO{ Unflg cg'ej eof] . dnfO{ nfUof],
cfºgf] cfTd;DdfgnfO{ bafP/ af“Rg' s] af“Rg' † hlt g} ;'vdo lhGbuL
latfPklg To;sf] d"No g} s] /x\of] / †
Pslbg d PSn} Go"of]s{sf] ;a—j]df ofqf ul//x]sf] lyP“ . Pshgf

cUnf] sfnf] dflg; d a;]sf] l;6df cfP/ 7f8} …x]O, lue dL 6]g 8n/Ú eg]/
uj{sf ;fy dfUof] . Toxf“ c¿ y'k|} dflg;x¿ klg d;“u} ofqf/t lyP . sf]xL
lstfj kl9/fv]sf lyP, sf]xL cvaf/ t/ s;}n] klg dlt/ x]/g] g\ . 8/n] xf]
jf lsg xf], pgLx¿nfO{ c¿sf] jf:t} lyPg . Tof] sfnf] dflg; sd;]sd
;f“9] 5 k'm6sf] lyof], 6Dd sl:;Psf] hLp . p;n] dnfO{ Ps d'Ssf xfGof]
eg]klg d t 9\ofDd} e'O{+df 9Ng ;Sy]+ . pml;t emu8f ug]{ t cf“6} cfPg .
dgdgdf of]l;t emu8f u/]/ s'g} kmfObf 5}g egL vNtLaf6 kf“r 8n/
lems]/ 8/fO{—8/fO{ p;nfO{ lbP“ . Tof] dflg; cfef/sf] Ps zAbklg JoQm
gu/L kf“r 8n/sf] gf]6 lnP/ cufl8sf] l;6df a:g uof], Tof] klg
u'gu'gfp“b} . dnfO{ v'a} g/dfOnf] nfUof] . d]/f] kf“r 8n/ TolQs} uof] eg]/
g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] xf]Og, g/dfOnf] of] dfg]df ls Tof] k/hLjL JolQmn] s'g}
cfef/ JoQm gu/L s;/L dl;t k};f lng ;Sof] † d}n] p;nfO{ pN6}
…Yofª\So"Ú eg]/ cfk"mnfO{ zfGt agfP“ . cx“ † g Tof] dflg;n] cfef/ JoQm
u¥of] g t ;a—j]df ofqf ug]{ s'g} ofqLn] k|ltlqmof hgfP . s:tf] ;dfh
Tof] <
dnfO{ cd]l/sfdf uf8L rnfpg vf; s'g} OR5f 5}g . Pslbg d]/f
;fnLx¿ clgtf / d]/L wfVjf;“u Go"h;L{sf] Pp6f hnkfg sfo{qmddf hfg
nfu]sf] lyP“ . uf8L clgtfn] rnfO/fv]sL lyOg\ . af6f] e'n]/ xfdL Go"h;L{s}
xA;Lx¿ a:g] 7fp“df k'u]5f}+ . hxf“ x]¥of], sfn}sfnf xA;Lx¿ dfq .
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cd]l/sfdf k]ml/ Psrf]l6 Pp6f af6f]df 3';]kl5 uf8L kmsf{pg c;fWo}
uf¥xf] . uf8L xfSbf xfSb} clgtf olt 8/fOg\ ls pgL /fd|f];“u af]Ng klg
;lsgg\ . pgL 8/fPsf] b]v]/ d]/f] dgdf klg s]xL sDkg eof] . ;fnLx¿sf
cufl8 axfb'/L t b]vfpg} k¥of] . dgleq 8/ ePklg g8/fPsf] clego u/]+ .
clgtfn] cln …ge{;Ú eP/ elgg\, ædnfO{ t yfx} ePg s'g rflx+ af6f] xf],
sf]l;t ;f]Wg] xf]nf <Æ Toxf“ s]xL cNnf/] s]6fx¿ v]ln/fv]sf /x]5g\\ .
pgLx¿l;t ;f]Wg] t cf“6} cfPg . cflv/ Pp6L a"9L cfOdfO{nfO{ e]§fP/ a8f]
cfb/k"j{s …Dof8d Dof8dÚ eGb} af6f] ;f]Wof}+ .
O6fnLsf] /f]d / ldnfgdf d tLg–rf/ k6s k'u]sf] 5' . h'ga]nf

uPklg s]xL g s]xL 36gf t ePs} x'G5 . Psrf]l6 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo
dxf;+3sf cWoIf ljgf]b >]i7 / d Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf l;nl;nfdf ldnfg
uPsf lyof}+ . b'a} hgf Pp6f k;ndf uP/ x\ofda/u/ lsGgsf lgldQ
nfOgdf al;/x]sf lyof}+ . Pp6L cfOdfO{n] hfgL hfgL d]/f] sf]6 k5fl8
cfOl:qmd kf]lvlbOg\\ . t'¿Gt} ToxL ;d"xsf c¿ b'O{ hgf cfOdfO{x¿ cfP/
d]/f] sf]6 k'5\gsf lgldQ dnfO{ Pp6f ¿dfn lbP . pgLx¿nfO{ wGojfb lb+b}
d}n] sf]6 k'msfn]/ ¿dfnn] ;kmf ug{ vf]h]+ . sf]6 k'msfNg] a]nf pgLx¿dWo]s}
Pp6L cfOdfO{n] olt rnfvLk"0f{ tl/sfn] d]/f] leqL vNtLaf6 :jf§ k};f
lgsfnL, Tof] d}n] rfn} kfOg . Tof] b[Zo Pp6f ;fbf kf]zfs nufPsf] k'ln;n]
b]v]sf] /x]5 . s]xL l5gkl5 Tof] k'ln;n] tL tLg–rf/ hgf cfOdfO{nfO{
;dft]/ xftdf Psrfª 8n/ lnO{ dsxf“ cfof] . k'ln; c+u|]hL gaf]Ng] /x]5 .
p;n] s] eGg vf]h]sf] xf], ljgf]b / d}n] a'¤g} ;s]gf}+ . jf:tjdf Tof] k'ln;n]
d]/f] k};f kmsf{pg vf]h]sf] lyof] . t/ ha d}n] cfºgf] vNtL 5fd], n † vNtL
t vfnL g} . d]/f] k};f rf]g{] ToxL dflg; xf]nf egL ;fbf kf]zfs nufO/fv]sf
k'ln;nfO{ g} kf] xfdLn] ;dfTg vf]Hof}+ . Psl5g kl5 c+u|]hL af]Ng] Ps
O6flnogn] ;a} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbPkl5 xfdL nfhn] e't'Ss} eof}+ . O6fnL
hfg] ko{6sx¿nfO{ s]xL g s]xL o:tf 36gfx¿n] ;tfO/xG5g\ . slxn] lrof
vf“bfvf“b} tn /fv]sf] Aofu p8fOlbG5g\, slxn] 6sL{af6 cfPsf dfUg]
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;f]r
s]6Lx¿n] cvaf/ a]Rg] ;'/df kf;kf]6{ p8fOlbG5g\ . O6fnLsf] t'ngfdf xfd|f]
g]kfndf ;'/Iff 5}g t < ;f7L jif{sf] d]/f] lhGbuLdf clxn];Dd g]kfndf
s;}n] d]/f] vNtLaf6 Ps k};f rf]/]sf] 5}g . a¿ k;n, /]i6'/]06df lal;{P/
5f]8]sf Aofux¿ dnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} kmsf{OPsf] 5 .
;'/Iffsf] s'/f ubf{, g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt zfob klxn]eGbf

lalu|Psf] xf]nf t/ ;+;f/ g} sxf“ k"0f{ ;'/lIft 5 / clxn] † OG8f]g]l;ofsf]
afnLsf] kf“r tf/] xf]6]ndf ad k8\lsg ;S5, :k]gdf ofqf ubf{—ub}{ /]n
Wj:t x'g;S5, >Ln+sf / lkmlnlkG;df ko{6sx¿ x/fpg ;S5g\, Oh/fondf
s'g}klg a]nf cfTd3ftL ad k8\lsg ;S5, n08gsf] Po/kf]6{df ;'/Iffsf]

sf/0f s'g}a]nf p8fg /2 x'g;S5 . ha cd]l/sfsf] …l6\jg 6fj/Ú ;'/lIft 5}g
eg] ;+;f/df sxf“ s] ;'/lIft 5 eGg]+ < x/]s b]zdf cf—cfºgf] lsl;dsf
8fjf“8f]nx¿ 5g\ . clxn] ;f/f ;+;f/sf] :j¿k, ;+/rgf b"|tultn] kl/jt{g
e}/x]sf] 5 . ca of] kl/jlt{t cfw'lgs ;+;f/df cfw'lgs dflg; eP/ af“Rg]
xf] eg] cfw'lgs hl6n ;d:ofx¿l;t h'w]/ hLjgofkg ug{] snf l;Sg'k5{ .
dflg; efUg ;S5 t/ cfw'lgs ;d:ofx¿af6 n'Sg ;Sb}g .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!#
;Demgfsf t/]nLx¿
æxfdLn] sfgaf6 cg]s JofVofx¿ ;'G5f}+, lstfjdf cg]s j0f{gx¿ k9\5f}+ .
cfhsn t o:tf l;g]dfx¿ klg cfO;s] hxf“ s'g} 7fp“ jf a:t' b]lvgf;fy
Tof] cg';f/sf] jf:gf ;d]t cfp“bf] /x]5, gfsn] klg Tof] 7fp“sf] / Toxf“
JofKt ;'uGwsf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sbf]/x]5 . oBlk xfd|f] gfs, sfg / cf“vfn]
hlt;'s} ;'“u]klg, ;'g]klg, x]/]klg xfd|f] dfg;k6ndf lhGbuLe/ ;lDemg ;Sg]
cfwf/ aGb}g . af/Daf/ ;lDemgsf lgldQ ef}lts :kz{ / k|ToIf ;fIffTsf/
ug}{k5{ . s:tf] uha † v'§f / xftdf g x]g]{ cf“vf 5 g ;'Gg] sfg 5 t/
To;sf] :kz{ ljgf dflg;sf cGo zlQmzfnL OlGb|ox¿n] klg sfd ug{ ;Sbf
/x]g5g\ . cf“vfn] x]/]/, sfgn] ;'g]/ / lstfjdf k9]/ dfq b[Zofjnf]sg ug{
;lsg] eP ko{6gsf] cfjZostf g} x'“b}gYof] .Æ
Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df e|d0f ug]{ rfxgf dflg;df dfq xf]Og,

kz'k+IfLdf klg x'G5 . emg\ dflg; lrGtgzLn k|f0fL ePsf] gftfn] of] rfxgf
a9\g] g} eof] . pm ;w}+ gf}nf] uGtJo:ynsf] vf]hL ug{ rfxG5 / gof“
hLjgz}nLsf] cg'ej ug{ nfnflot x'G5 . cfuf]{g6\;b]lv cf:6«f]g6\;;Dd,
Hof;gb]lv lgof]n cfd:6«¨;Dd, sf]nDa;b]lv s's;Dd clg dfsf]{kf]nf]b]lv
x'ogZofg;Dd ;a}n] cfºgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ofqfdf latfP . cfw'lgs dflg;sf]
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;f]r
cGt/fTdf klg dfsf]{kf]nf] / x'ogZofgx¿sf] h:t} ofqf / e|d0f–k|]daf6
k[ys\ 5}g . pgLx¿nfO{ Psrf]l6 e|d0fsf] nt nfUof] eg] nfdf] ;do;Dd
Ps} 7fp“df al;/xg ;Sb}gg\ . cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] ;Eo dflg; vfg]s'/fdf
sGh':of“O{ ug{ ;S5, dx“uf—dx“uf n'uf glsg]/ k};f arfpg ;S5 t/ ofqf
/ e|d0fx¿ gu/L Ps} 7fp“ s'“lhP/ a:g ;Sb}g . pm s'g} klg axfgfdf sxL+
g sxL+ cfºgf] b}lgs hLjgsf] lk+h8faf6 lg:s]/ :jtGqtfk"j{s p8\g
rfxG5 . e|d0f, ofqf, cg'ej, b[Zofjnf]sg / ko{6g zfob cfw'lgs
dflg;sf nflu geO{ gx'g] / slxNo} gd]l6g] Kof;x¿ x'g\ .
x'g t clxn] >Aob[li6sf gof“—gof“ j}1flgs k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf;

e};s]sf] 5 . cTofw'lgs kfj/KjfOG6 lk|h]G6]zg, cfODofS;, ly|8fOd]G;gn
l;g]df, :6]l/of]kmf]lgs ;fpG8 l;i6d cflb—cflb . ca x'“bf—x'“bf Pp6}
sf]7fdf a;]/ sfgdf dfOqmf]kmf]g / cf“vfdf rZdf nufP/ virtual tour ug]{
/ dgf]j}1flgs ofqf …x\ofnf]u|fdÚ sf] k|ljlw;d]t cfljisf/ e};s]sf] 5 . o;f]
x]bf{ eljiodf zfob k};f vr{ u/]/ jf b'Mv u/]/ ;+;f/sf /dfOnf 7fp“x¿df
e|d0f ug'{ kb}{g h:tf] nfU5 . t/ of] ;f]rfO unt xf] . cf“vfn] x]/]/, sfgn]
;'g]/ e|d0f ul/+b}g . ofqfsf nflu b'O{ v'§fn] 6]Sg}k5{, x]/]sf] / ;'g]sf]
a:t'nfO{ xftn] 5'g}k5{ / /d0fLo :yfgx¿sf] cjnf]sgdf ef}lts :kz{
x'g}k5{ . clg dfq dflg;sf] dfg;k6ndf tL b[Zo, tL cg'ejx¿ ;bfsf
nflu c+lst x'g]5g\ .
eG5g\, dflg;sf ;aeGbf zlQmzfnL OlGb|ox¿ cf“vf, sfg, gfs /

d'v x'g\ . t/ dflg;sf] dgdl:tisdf ;w}+ ;Demgfsf] t/]nL eP/ a:gsf
nflu oL rf/ OlGb|ox¿sf] cg'ejsf cltl/Qm ef}lts :kz{ emg\ a9L
cfjZos x'“bf]/x]5 . xfdL sfgaf6 cg]s JofVofx¿ ;'G5f}+, lstfjdf cg]s
j0f{gx¿ k9\5f}+ . cfhsn t o:tf l;g]dfx¿ klg cfO;s] hxf“ s'g} 7fp“ jf
a:t' b]lvgf;fy Tof] cg';f/sf] jf:gf ;d]t cfp“bf] /x]5, gfsn] klg Tof]
7fp“sf] / Toxf“ JofKt ;'uGwsf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sbf]/x]5 . oBlk xfd|f] gfs,
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;f]r
sfg / cf“vfn] hlt;'s} ;'“u]klg, ;'g]klg, x]/]klg xfd|f] dfg;k6ndf
lhGbuLe/ ;lDemg ;Sg] cfwf/ aGb}g . af/Daf/ ;lDemgsf lgldQ ef}lts
:kz{ / k|ToIf ;fIffTsf/ ug}{k5{ . s:tf] uha † v'§f / xftdf g x]g]{ cf“vf
5 g ;'Gg] sfg 5 t/ To;sf] :kz{ljgf dflg;sf cGo zlQmzfnL
OlGb|ox¿n] klg sfd ug{ ;Sbf /x]g5g\ . cf“vfn] x]/]/, sfgn] ;'g]/ /
lstfadf k9]/ dfq b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] eP ko{6gsf] cfjZostf g}
x'“b}gYof] .
e|d0f d]/f] ;f]vdfq xf]Og, cfj]u klg xf] / Pp6f …Kof;gÚ .

aRr}b]lv a'afn] snsQf / aDaO{sf /dfOnf—/dfOnf s'/f ;'gfO/xg' x'GYof] .
d]/f] dgleqsf] k'tnL s]6fs]6L x'“b} b]z—ljb]z e|d0f ug{ km/km/fO/xGYof] .
P;=Pn=;L= kf; x'gf;fy lh2L u/]/ bfh';“u cnfxfafb uP“ . cdn]vu~haf6
/]n r9L rf/sf];] emf8L x'“b} jL/u+h k'Uof}+ . To;a]nf Toxf“ lkr/f]8 lyPg,
lxn}lxnf] lyof] . jL/u+haf6 agf/; x'“b} cnfxfjfb k'Uof}+ . d Plu|sNr/ k9\g
eg]/ cnfxfjfb uPsf] lyP“ . k9\g hfg] t d]/f] axfgf dfq} lyof] . lhGbuLsf]
klxnf] ljb]z ofqfsf] /f]df~rsf/L cfsif{0f ;lsPkl5 bfh'l;t} Ps xKtf
gk'Ub} g]kfn kmls{xfn+] . b]x/fb'gdf km/]i6«L k9\g hf“bf km/]i6/sf] vfsL n'uf,
kfOG6df k§L clg 5fnfsf] v}/f] a'6 nufP/ ;}lgs k|lzIf0fdf h:t}
OlG8ofel/sf] /]n—j] :6]zgx¿df b'O{ jif{;Dd k|z:t /]n ofqf ul/of], ;fydf
x'GYof] sfnf] l6gsf] afs; . cf;fdsf] h¨nb]lv /fh:yfgsf] d?e"ld;Dd,
tfldngf8'sf] >Lv08sf] h¨nb]lv sfZdL/sf] b]pbf/ h¨n;Dd 3'ldof] .
3'Dg] qmddf dnfO{ ef/tdf ;aeGbf dg k/]sf 7fp“ s'Nn', dgfnL /

:d[ltofnL x'g\ . lxdfn kUn]/ u8\u8\ cfjfh lgsfNb} alu/xg] lxdgbL d}n]
;aeGbf klxn] oxL+ b]Vg kfP“ . s'Nn' / dgfnL dg kg'{sf] csf]{ sf/0f klg
5 . dgfnLdf dnfO{ c;fWo} dgkg]{ Pp6f ;fyL 5, ;L=cf/= k|]dL . pgL d]/f]
s]6L ;fyL xf]Og, gfp g} pgsf] k|]dL xf] . b]x/fb"g sn]hdf k9\bfsf] clt
ldNg] ;fyL . p;n] d]/} lglDt sn]hsf ;a} gf]6x¿ l6lklbGYof] . sn]hdf
k9\bf dnfO{ lkmNd x]g]{ v'a} ;f]v lyof], sn]haf6 efuL—efuL lkmNd x]g{ hf“bf
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;f]r
5'6]sf Snf;x¿sf] gf]6 agfOlbGYof] ;L=cf/= k|]dLn] . pm sn]hsf] d]; OGrfh{
klg lyof] . d];sf] …nGrÚ, …l8g/Ú ;a} p;s} cfb]z cg';f/ Joj:yf ul/GYof] .
ha d /fltsf] lkmNd x]/]/ kmls{Gy]+, p;n] d];af6 d]/f] sf]7fdf vfgf
k7fp“Yof] . sn]h ;lsPkl5 xfd|f] ;DaGw 6fl9b} uof] . t/ d p;nfO{ ;w}+
;lDem/xGy]+ . kl5 p;nfO{ e]6\g olt /x/ nfUof] ls d}n] lxdf+rn k|b]zsf]
Pp6f klqsfdf lj1fkg 5kfP/ p;nfO{ g]kfn cfpg cfdGq0f u/]+ .
slxn]sfxL+ 5Ss k5'{ d cfºg} efj'stf b]v]/ . ;f]R5', …d Tolt efj's lsg
x'Gy] <Ú cfk"mnfO{ dg k¥of] eg] h]klg ug{ rfxg] . x'g t s'Nn' / dgfnLsf]
ofbn] dnfO{ ;w}+ ;tfO/xGYof] . d k|]dLnfO{ e]6\g] lgx'“ agfP/ ;g\ !(($ df
dgfnL 3'Dg uOxfn]+ . t/ To:tf] clåtLo k|fs[lts dgf]/d :yn clxn]
cJojl:yt /fvLahf/ h:t} e"m/ e};s]sf] /x]5 . clgolGqt ko{6gn] ;'Gb/

k|fs[lts :ynnfO{ s;/L anfTsf/ ug{ ;S5 eGg] t:aL/ x]g]{ xf] eg] s'Nn' /
dgfnL uP k'U5 .
cWoogsf] qmddf d}n] k|z:t ljb]z 3'Dg] df}sf kfP“ . To;a]nf

ljb]zlt/ hf“bf xjfO{hxfhsf] Pp6f l6s6n] hxf“—hxf“ k'Ug ;lsG5, Toxf“—
Toxf“ /f]ls+b} a:b}, 3'Db} hfg] uy]{+ . cd]l/sf hfg' k¥of] eg] n08g, k]l/; /
cGo o"/f]ksf clwstd zx/ 3'Db} hfGy]+ . ci6«]lnof hfg' k¥of] eg] a}+ss,
l;+ufk'/df /f]ls+b} 3'Dg hfGy]+ . ;Lldt vr{af6 y'k|} zx/x¿ 3'Dg kfOg] x'“bf
slxn]sfxL+ Po/kf]6{, /]nj]:6]zg / o"y xf]:6]ndf ;'Tg] uy]{+ . jf:tjdf
hjfgLdf 3'Dg'sf] cfgGb g} cs}{ . gS;f x]b}{, a;df r9\b} ;:tf] ;:tf] 7fp“
vf]Hb} vfg hfg] . Pslbg /f]dsf] k'm6kfydf lx+8\bf—lx+8\bf ysfO{ nfu]sfn]
Pp6f /]i6'/]G6df cfO;lqmd lsgL ToxL+ aflx/ /fv]sf] d]rdf a;]/ vfg yfn]+ .
t'?Gt} Pp6f j]6/ cfP/ O6flnog Ou+ln; efiffaf6 a;]/ vfg] xf] eg] /]6
cs}{ ltg'{ k5{ eGof] . p;sf] ;+jfb o:t} lyof], "Standing price different, sitting
price different".
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;f]r
hfuL/ 5f]8]kl5 d ko{6g If]qdf nfu]+ t/ To;kl5 klg d]/f] 3'Dg]
qmd /f]lsPg . k|s[lt ;+/If0f / ko{6gl;t cfj4 ljleGg ;+3;+:yfl;t sfd
ul//fv]sf] x'“bf jif{df rf/—kf“rj6f ljb]z e|d0f t h'l/xfNy] . ljb]z e|d0fsf
cToGt /f]rs, /f]df~rsf/L 36gfx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f n]VgnfO{ t zfob
csf]{ Pp6f lstfj g} rflxG5 . To:tf e|d0fsf qmddf d}n] la;{g} g;Sg] s]xL
7fp“x¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ d}n] oxf“ ;dfj]z ul/g“ eg] zfob of] d]/f] ;f]rsf]
lstfj k"0f{ x'“b}g xf]nf .
5j6f dxfåLksf y'k— }| y'k}| zx/x¿df 3'd]/ Toxf“sf hLjgz}nLx¿sf]

cg'e'j ;d]t u/]+ . slxn] PSn}, slxn] kl/jf/l;t, slxn] ldNg] ;fyLx¿l;t
e|d0f ul/of] . ljb]zsf tL clj:d/0fLo ofqf / e|d0fx¿n] dnfO{ x/]s
jf:tljstfnfO{ Sofln8f]:sf]lks ;f]rsf] ljleGg sf]0faf6 ax'cfoflds
b[ZonfO{ x]g]{ zlQm k|bfg u/] . ofqfsf] /¨, cGt/¨ljgf hLjg p/f7nfUbf]
x'G5 . slxn]sfxL+ lat]sf tL /dfOnf 36gfx¿ ;lDem+bf ;'vsf] cg'e"lt
x'G5 . tL clj:d/0fLo e|d0fx¿dWo] cd]l/sfsf] jfof]ldª /fHol:yt P]nf]:6f]g

/fli6«o lgs'~hsf] ofqf slxNo} la;{g ;lSbg . Toxf“sf 3gf h¨nleq
cgluGtL tftf]kfgLsf] kmf]xf]/f -luh/ ;Nkm/ l:k|¨_ x¿ 5g\, h'g o'uf}o'ub]lv
Ps ;]s]G8sf] km/s gu/L 7Ls—7Ls ;dodf hldgaf6 krf;f}+ lkm6dfly
d';nwf/] kmf]x/f eP/ lgl:sG5g\\ / ;Dk"0f{ jftfj/0fnfO{ uGwsdo
agfp“5g\ . 7Ls—7Ls ;dodf cfpg] kmf]x/f ePsf] x'“bf o;nfO{ ;do kfjGbL
cyf{t\ …cf]N8 k]myk'mn luh/Ú klg elgG5 . To; lgs'~hleq sf7}sf7n]
ag]sf] Pp6f eAo …cf]N8 k]myk'mn OgÚ gfds 7"nf] xf]6]n 5 . k|fs[lts e"—
b[Zo -Nof08:s]k_sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] Tof] xf]6]n x]g{ nfossf] 5 .
ejgsf] prfO{ Toxf“ kfOg] ?vsf] prfO{eGbf sd ug'{kg]{ lgod /x]5 . s'g}
klg eJo ef}lts :df/sx¿ agfpbf Toxf“sf] k|s[lt, jftfj/0fsf e"—b[Zox¿
;dflxt u/]/ ldNg] lsl;dn] lgdf{0f ul/of] eg] ;Dk"0f{ …Nof08:s]kÚ slt
cfsif{s x'“bf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f d}n] Toxf“ l;s]+ . lbgx'“ xhf/f}+ dflg; Toxf“
hfG5g\ t/ Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fleq dflg;x¿sf] sf]nfxn x/fP/ hfG5 .
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;f]r
Joj:yfkg /fd|f] eof] eg] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] cfuGt's wfGg] Ifdtf
(visitors carrying capacity) nfO{ klg s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f Toxf“af6
l;Sg ;lsG5 . Pnf]:6f]g uPsf] tL; jif{eGbf a9L eO;Sof] t/ Toxf“sf] tftf]
uGws kfgLsf] kmf]x/f clxn];Dd d]/f] :d[ltk6df oyfjt\ 5 .
To:t} jfof]ldª /fHodf g} /x]sf] cfln;fg Traingle x ranch eGg]

ljnfl;tfn] k"0f{ t/ cfºg} kf/fsf] xf]6]ndf klg d a;]+ hxf“ sfpJjfOsf] h:t}
lhG; nufP/ gSsnL k]:tf]n leg'{ kYof]{ clg hxf“ uP klg 7"nf c/]laog
3f]8f r9\g' kYof]{ . ;f] xf]6]nsf] jl/kl/ cd]l/sfsf /]8 Ol08og
cflbjf;Lx¿sf] a:tLnfO{ ;+/If0f u/L kf}/fl0fs cd]l/sfsf] emNsf] lbO/fv]sf]
lyof] . af]qmf ;lxtsf sf7n] ag]sf …nu SofljgÚ xf]6]ndf a:bf tLg;o jif{
klxn]sf] cd]l/sfdf cfPsf] h:tf] efg x'GYof] . xf]6]n :6fkmx¿n] x/]s /ft
cfuf] afn]/ SofDkkmfo/ u/L k/Dk/fut z}nLsf cd]l/sL nf]suLt ufP/
kfx'gfx¿nfO{ l/emfp“5g\ . cd]l/sfh:tf] clt cfw'lgs b]zdf klg
;“:s[ltnfO{ ;+/If0f ub}{ ko{6g pBf]u rnfPsf] b]v]/ g]kfn h:tf] ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbfn] wgL d'n'sdf sNr/n 6'l/hd\sf] ;Defjgfaf/] d}n] To;a]nf cg'ej
u/]+ .
;f+:s[lts kIfaf6 dfq xf]Og, k|s[ltdf cfwfl/t ko{6g Joj;fosf

gof“—gof“ cjwf/0ffx¿ klg d}n] cd]l/sfaf6 w]/} l;s]+ . u|f08 Soflgogsf]
nfvf}—
+ nfv jif{ k'/fgf] ulx/f] vf]+r …SoflgPgÚ af6 alu/fv]sf] sf]nf]/f8f]
gbLn] To;a]nf g]kfnsf gbLsf] ofb u/fp“Yof] . u|f08 Soflgog h:t} xfd|f]
sfnLu08sL klg sd 5}g . Toxf“ Jojl:yt x;{/fOl8ª / x\jfO6 l/e/ /flº6ª
h:tf ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] ¿k/]vf d}n] klxnf]kN6 b]v]+ . sf]nf/f]8f] gbLsf]
eo+s/ j]udf d}n] ¥oflº6ª ug]{ cf“6 t ul/g“ t/ u|f08 l66gsf] :g]s l/e/df
8'¨f ;km/ ubf{ b]lvPsf] bfof“—afof“ h¨ndf rl//fv]sf …d'hÚ h/fof]sf] b[Zo
la;{g g;Sg] vfnsf lyP . To;/L g} Go"d]lS;sf] /fHosf] d];febL{ ;+/If0f
:ynsf cflbjf;Lx¿sf] ;'/lIft If]q 3'Dg hf“bf cg'ej u/]sf] Pp6f 36gf d
slxNo} la;{Gg . Toxf“ xf]kL / gfafxf] hftsf /]8 OlG8og cflbjf;Lx¿ a:bf
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g]kfndf h:t} …d'ufÚ / …6Sjf{OhÚ hl8t rf“bLsf uxgfx¿ nufp“bf /x]5g\ .
crDd nfU5 † xhf/f}— + xhf/ ldn 6f9f a;f]jf; ug]{ /]8 Ol08og / l6a]l6og
hfltx¿aLr Pp6} vfn] 9f“rf, xfpefp / Ps}vfnsf] jf;:yfg . ljgf
af]6la?jfsf gf¨f kTyl/nf Pj+ ;'vf d}bfg clg cf“vfn] g} gEofpg] ;Lwf
Pj+ km/flsnf e"—b[Zox¿, d?e"ld h:tf] b]lvP tfklg Toxf“ cfºg} lsl;dsf]
cfsif{0f lyof] .
d Go"d]lS;sf]sf] /fhdfu{sf] rf}af6f]df cjl:yt …kmf]/sg{/Ú gfds

Pp6f df]6]ndf a;]sf] lyP“ . af/df a;]/ lao/ lkO/x]sf] a]nf xf]kL hftsL
Psbd /fd|L cGbfhL kRrL;—5AaL; jif{sL Pp6L o'jtL cfOk'lug\ . 6Dd
ldn]sf] hLp8fn x]bf{ pgL x]nDa'sL ;]lk{gL h:t} b]lvlGyg\ . pgL xf“:b}
;/f;/ d a;]sf] af/sf] sfpG6/ 6]a'ndf a:g cfOg\ . :jfefljs xf], d klg
d';'Ss xf“;]+ . Psl5g kl5 xf]kL efiffaf6 pgn] d;“u s'/f ug{ yflng\ .
pgn] zfob dnfO{ klg pgs} :jhfltsf] dfG5] eG7flgg\ xf]nf . d}n] ga'e]m/
c+u|]hLdf s'/f u/]+ . xf“;]/ pgn] k]ml/ cfºg} efiffdf af]lng\ . t/ d}n]eg] a'¤b}
a'lemg / k]ml/ c+u|]hLaf6} hjfkm lbP“ . pgn] l/;fpb} cfk"mn] lkO/fv]sf] lao/
d]/f] sldhdf kf]lvlbOg\ . d Psbd csdSs k/]+ . zfob pgn] eG7flgg\
xf]nf, d}n] k"mlt{ u/]/ cfºgf] dft[efiff gaf]lnsg c+u|]hL af]n]+ eg]/ . ha kl5
pgn] d ljb]zL x'“ eg]/ rfn kfOg\, c¨fnf] dfb}{ nfrf/ eO{ dl;t Ifdf dfUg
cfOg\ . b'O{ lbgdfq a:g] sfo{qmd lyof] d]/f] d];febL{df, t/ Toxf“ ;ft lbg
a;]/ Pp6f cd]l/sL cflbjf;Lsf] cgf}7f] lhGbuL cg'ej ul/of] .
Sofgf8fl:yt Hof;k/ / af“Dkmsf] /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿af6 d}n]

ljsf;sf w]/} cjwf/0ffx¿ k|fKt u/]sf] 5' . e"—agf]6 x]bf{ x'jx' 8f]Nkf /
d':tfª h:t} km/flsnf 3f“;] hldg, gLnf] cfsfz / To:t} vfnsf jg:klt /
h¨nL hLjhGt'x¿ . /fli6«o lgs'~hleq b'Oj6f zx/x¿ clg To;nfO{ hf]8\g
clt /fd|f] /]nsf] ;]jf . klxn] d}n] ljrf/ u/]sf] lyP“ ls /fli6«o lgs'~h
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eg]sf] dfq ;+/If0fsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] e"—efu xf] eg]/ . t/ ;+/If0f /
ljsf;sf] cToGt ;'Gb/ Pj+ ;Gt'lnt Joj:yfkgsf] pQd gd"gf d}n] Toxf“
b]v]+ . ToxL cjwf/0ffaf6 k|]l/t eO{ d]/f] lbdfudf cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0fsf]
kl/sNkgf k|:k'm6g ePsf] lyof] . af“Dkm;“u} sf]nlDaof cfO;lkmN8 elgg]]
cToGt /d0fLo 7fp“ /x]5, hxf“ lxp“df ;km/ ug]{ ;fgf] 6\ofS6/af6 hfg'
k5{ . lxp“ g} lxp“n] el/Psf] Tof] clåtLo e"—efudf :jR5 gLnf] lxdgbLaf6
lgd{n kfgL alu/x]sf] lyof] . ;a} cfuGt'sx¿ Tof] kfgL lkpg] dfq xf]Og,
af]tndf e/]/ xfdLn] u+ufhn NofP h:t} sf];]nLsf] ¿kdf 3/ n}hfg] uy]{ .
cd]l/sfdf dnfO{ dgkg]{ 7fp“dWo] l;of6n /fHosf] ;d'b|sf] 5]p;“u}

ag]sf] cgf}7f] cf]nlDks /fli6«o lgs'~h / ;f]xL /fHosf] ;aeGbf cUnf]
dfp06 /]lgo/ kxf8 klg x'g\ . cfºgf] emf]nf cfk}+m af]sL ;fyLx¿l;t
kxf8df …Jofs Kofls¨Ú ug{ hf“bf g]kfnL ePsf] x'“bf ;a}n] d klxn] g}
kxf8dfly k'u'“nf eGg] ;f]r]sf lyP t/ lx8\g g;s]/ aLr af6f]af6 g} kms]{/
cfpg' kbf{ dnfO{ clt nfh nfu]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof], g]kfnLk|ltsf] ck]Iff
d}n] Toxf“ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg“ .
k|fs[lts ;+/rgfsf cbe"t b[Zox¿ x]g{ d Pl/hf]gf /fHodf cjl:yt

ljG8f] /s klg k'u]sf] lyP“ . Toxf“ nfvf}+nfv jif{sf] lg/Gt/ xfjfkfgL,
e"—Ifosf sf/0f chfodfg r§fgsf] aLr 7"nf] Kjfn ag]sf] /x]5 . 6f9faf6
x]bf{ ;fg} b]lvGYof] t/ glhsaf6 x]bf{ Tof] r§fgL ¤ofn t ;of}+ lkm6 cUnf]
/x]5 . To;sf] cufl8 dflg; Pp6f sldnf hqf] . Tof] k|s[ltsf] snfnfO{
b]v]/ dUg gx'g] t zfob} sf]xL xf]nf . …ljG8f]/sÚ sf] sf];f}+ sf]; 6f9f;Dd
7"N7"nf /ftf 9'¨fx¿ lyP . xl/ofnL sxL+ lyPg, sxL+—sxL+ t cf“vfnfO{ g}

ljZjf; gx'g] u/L Pp6f chfodfg 9'¨fdfly csf]{ chfodfg 9'¨f vlK6Psf]
lyof] . o;f] x]bf{ Psrf]l6 3Rf]8]kl5 eTs]nf ls h:tf] b]lvg] t/ sxf“ eTsg'
tL k|fs[lts …x\ofª\luª /sÚ x¿ † uhasf] 5 k|s[ltsf] ;+/rgf .
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g]kfndf kms]{/ cfPkl5 cfºgf] b]zdf klg k|fs[lts, P]ltxfl;s Pj+
;“f:s[lts dxTjsf 7fp“x¿df /fli6«o lgs'~h agfpg] rfxgf / ;kgf dleq
ToxL a]nf hfu]sf] lyof] . slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{ crDd nfU5, g]kfnsf dGqLx¿,
;lrjx¿ / of]hgfljb\x¿nfO{ ljb]z e|d0f ug{ hf“bf Toxf“sf] ljsf; x]/]/
g]kfndf klg s]xL g s]xL u?“ eGg] vfnsf k|]/0ff s;/L gcfPsf] xf]nf <
b]zsf] wg vr{ u/]/ af/Daf/ ljb]z hfG5g\, ;kgf / sNkgf af]s]/ cfpg'sf]
;§f :jf:gLsf nflu uxgf, aRrfx¿sf nflu v]nf}+gf / k};f arfP/ b'jO{sf]
8\o'6L k|mL ;kaf6 sf]xLsf]xL t kf“r—bz tf]nf ;'g klg lnP/ kms{+G5g\ .
g]kfndf efif0f ug]{ a]nf jf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn ug]{ a]nf cd]l/sf,
o"/f]k / hfkfgsf] pbfx/0f lbG5g\ t/ cfºgf] kbLo clwsf/ k|of]u u/]/
ug{;Sg] ;fgf]ltgf] ljsf;sf sfdx¿sf] b]vfl;sL;Dd klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . of]
kl/k]|Iodf s]xL xb;Dd pBdLx¿ cufl8 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfºg} k};f vr{ u/L
ljb]z e|d0f ug{ hfG5g\ . ljb]zaf6 l;s]/ cfPsf k|ljlwx¿ cfºgf] pBf]u,
Joj;fo / Jofkf/df k|of]u u5{g\ .
zfob d kxf8L e"efudf hGd]sf]n] xf]nf, dnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} gbL,

tfntn}of / hns'08x¿df ;}/;kf6f ug]{ sNkgf dfqn] klg /f]dfl~rt
agfp“Yof] . hj d}n] cd]l/sfs} u|f08 l66g / UnLg Soflgogsf gflna]nL /
gbLx¿df 8'¨f lvofpg] (Yachting) cj;/ kfP“, d :jefjtM aRrfh:t}
hnofqfsf] cg'ej ug{ cft'/ eP“ . bfof“ afof“ cUnf—cUnf kxf8 clg
aLrdf ulx/f] gLnf]kfgL, kfgLdfly cfjfh gcfpg] kfn h8fg u/]sf 8'+uf
lvofp“bf cfºg} vfnsf] dHhf x'g] /x]5 . cd]l/sfsf] hLjgz}nLdf
;DkGgtfsf] k|tLssf ¿kdf Pp6f kl/jf/;“u Pp6f 8'¨f x'g'kg]{ /x]5 /
pgLx¿ ;do ;dodf jf6/ :kf]6{;\ cyf{t …oflrªÚ v]Ng nfnflot
x'“bf/x]5g\ . xfdLdf k};f sdfP/ 3/ agfpg] / ef]het]/ ug]{ ;f]v,
cd]l/sLx¿df k};f sdfO;s]kl5 k|s[ltdf /dfpg] ;f]v . PSn} ;fx; u/]/
cfk}+mn] 8'¨f lgdf{0f u/L cGt/ dxfåLksf] ofqf ug{ hfG5g\ pgLx¿ .
sf]xLsf]xL wgf9\ox¿ t kfn 6f“u]sf tL 7"N7"nf ljnf;L 8'+uf -Yacht_ af6
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ljZj e|d0f ug{ hfG5g\ . t/ ;d'b| ofqf dnfO{ k6Ss} kmfKb}g . Psrf]l6 d}n]
l;8\gL xfj{/af6 y'k|f] k};f lt/]/ Pp6f 7"nf] hxfhdf r9L ljnf;L …q'mhÚ sf]
;km/ u/]sf] lyP“ . hxfhdf ;a}yf]s lyP, :jLld¨ k'n, gfRg] 7fp“ clg ;of}+
k|sf/sf …O:df]u;af]8{Ú :jflbi6 vfgf t/ tLg lbg;Dd jfGtf ug'{afx]s d
Toxf“ s]xL /dfpg ;lsg“ .
cd]l/sf hf“bf dnfO{ ;w}+ hfg dg nfUg] 7fp“ Go"of]s{sf] Dofgx\of6g

klg xf] . k|s[ltsf] gfp“df oxf“ s]xL 5}g t/ dflg;sf] ljsf;sf] cb\e"t
:j¿k oxf“ b]Vg ;lsG5 . Pp6} zx/sf] dflyNnf] efudf c/aklt, v/aklt
a:g] u5{g\ t/ zx/s} jNnf] 5]pdf lbgel/ lao/ lkpb} a/flnO/xg] cd]l/sL
u/Lax¿ a:g] u5{g\ . sf7df8f}+sf] 7lx+6L / sf]lx6L eg] h:t} …;f]xf]Ú /
…xfn{dÚ aLr df]6/af6 hf“bf aL; ldg]6 klg nfUb}g t/ Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf
cfsfz / hldgsf] km/s . Go"of]s{sf] ;aeGbf dxuf] 7fp“ …jfnl:6«6Ú af6
glhs Dofgxf6gsf] k]G6xfp;df d]/f Pshgf ;fyL a:5g\ . pgsf] gfd
lyof] x\of/f]N8 Dofs sljg . pxf“ Pp6f wgf9\o a}+s/ x'Gf'x'G5 . s/f]8f}—
+ s/f]8
kg]{ pgsf] rf/ xhf/ :Sjfo/ lkm6sf] ºNof6df emG8} rf}w—kGw|j6f
lksf;f]sf ;SsnL t:aL/x¿ e'mG8\ofO/fv]sf lyP . d]/f] lbdfudf of] cfPg
ls tNnf], lk5l8Psf] Go"of]s{ zx/df a;f]af; ug]{ tL lzlIft t/ u/La
cd]l/sLx¿ hf] laxfg a]n'sf sf]s / kfp/f]6L vfP/ hLljsf]kfh{g u5{g\,
pgLx¿n] Tof] cfsflzPsf] cfly{s leGgtfnfO{ s;/L x]/]sf xf]nfg\ <
cd]l/sfdf b]lvPsf] ;DkGgtf / ljkGgtfsf] Tof] vf8n g]kfnsf] eGbf w]/} w]/}
7"nf] / hl6n vfnsf] 5 .
Pslbg z}n pkfWofon] ljgf]b rf}w/L / dnfO{ wgf9\ox¿ dfq

cfpg] Go"of]s{sf] …ck6fpg af/Ú df l8«+s ug{ nu] . af/ aflx/ u|fxsx¿sf
nfdf] sfnf] …lndf]lhgÚ uf8Lx¿ 6Dd nfd nflu/fv]sf lyP . af/df hf“bf
sf]6 nufpg' clgjfo{ ePsf] x'“bf ljgf]b / d}n] z}n pkfWofosf] sfnf]df ;]tf
yf]Knf ePsf uhasf sf]6 nufPsf lyof}+ . z}nnfO{ k]mzgsf] c;fWo} 7"nf]
;f]v 5 t/ cfºg} kf/fsf] . xfdL tLg}hgf Pp6} vfnsf sf]6 nufP/ af/df
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hf“bf ;f/f u|fxsx¿n] xfdLnfO{ 58\s] gh/n] x]l//fv]sf lyP . To;a]nf

dnfO{ c;fWo} c;lhnf] dx;'; ePsf] lyof] . clxn];Dd yfxf ePg pgLx¿n]
xfdLnfO{ lsg x]/]sf xf]nfg\ < sf]6sf] cw{¨] k]mzg b]v]/ xf] jf wgf9\ox¿sf]
hd36df gf}nf ljb]zL dflg; b]v]/ <
cfly{s / ;fdflhs :t/sf] csf]{ 7"nf] vf8n d}n] So"jf / ;+o'Qm

/fHo cd]l/sf aLr b]v]+ . cd]l/sfsf] l5d]sL eP/ klg ;“u} hf]l8Psf] cyfx
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] wgL So"jfsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs l:yltdf slt km/s <
cd]l/sf / Sofgf8fsf] dlG6«of]nsf] rxnkxn kZrft\ of]] b]z e|d0f ubf{
klxn] t dnfO{ e"tsf] zx/ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . hxf“ uP klg ;'g;fg,
rf}8f—rf}8f af6f], cUnf—cUnf 3/, clt sd afxgx¿, vfnLvfnL l8kf6{d]G6
:6f]/x¿ . d}n] Pp6f bf¥xL sf6\g] d]lzg lsGg vf]Hbf kf“r lbg;Dd k;n—
k;n wfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . /]i6'/]G6 uof] eg] nfOgdf a:g' kg]{, vfg uof] eg]
d]g'df 5—;ft j6feGbf a9L kl/sf/} 5}gg\ . To;df df;', cfn' afx]s xl/of]
;fukft t b]Vg} gkfpg] . t/ xjfgf zx/sf] cfºg} lsl;dsf] cfsif{0f 5 .
aDaO{sf] d]l/g 8«fOe h:t} ;d'b|;“u hf]l8Psf] Pp6f cToGt nf]slk|o ;8s
5 hxf“ o'jf o'jtLx¿ ;“u} a;]/ c¨fnf] df/L DjfO{ vfO/xG5g\ . ha ;d'b|df
5fn cfp“5, pn]{sf] 5fnn] k'm6kfydf al;/fVg] ;a}nfO{ lgy|'Ss} lehfOlbG5,
tnfpdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]/ lg:s]h:t} . tL So"jfnLx¿ ;d'b|sf] 5fnaf6 e/k'/
dHhf lnO/fv]sf] b]v]/ d / d]/f] 5f]/f /fhg klg ToxL+ k'm6kfysf] k]6Ldf a:g
uof}+ . Pp6f eo+s/ 7"nf] 5fn cfof] / xfdLnfO{ lgy'|Ss} lehfof] . Psl5g t
/dfOnf] eof] t/ 5fn x6]kl5 xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ hLp g"g} g"gn] Rofk—Rofk eof] .
ca k/]g km;fb † xf]6]n hfp“m Tolt 6f9f 5, g'xfpg] 7fp“ sxL+ 5}g .
So"jf;“u} Pp6f Sofl/laog 6fk'df klg uOof] . To;sf] gfd lyof] Eof/]8]/f] .
ldnf}+ldn;Dd rf“bL h:tf] ;]tf] afn'jf / gLnf] kfgL t/ ko{6ssf] gfdf]lg;fg
lyPg . cd]l/sfsf] /fhgLlts cflwkTo -x]lhdf]gL_ sf] sf/0f So"jfnfO{ slt
cfly{s Iflt eO/fv]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f o;af6 klg :ki6 x'G5 .
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;+;f/df x/]s uGtJo:ynsf cf—cfºg} cfsif{0fx¿ x'G5g\, vf; u/L
vfgf / lkpg]df . lkpg]df t dnfO{ vf; s'g} ;f]v 5}g t/ vfg] s'/fdf d
clt ;f]lvg . ch]{lG6gfsf] Ao"g;cfo;{sf] clt k]mzg]an ahf/df nfOgsf
nfOg 7"N7"nf P]gfaf6 b]lvg] /]i6'/]G6leq af]sf / ufO{sf] l;¨} …jf/—j]—So"Ú

e'mG8\ofO/fv]sf] b[Zodf cfºg}kg 5 eg] aln{g, Do"lgv / Go"of]s{sf]
…Sofy]8«nÚ / …:Sjfo/Ú x¿df a]lrg] ;:tf] …x6 8uÚ sf] :jfb klg lal;{g
g;Sg] vfnsf] 5 . sxL+ 3'Dg uof] eg] dnfO{ :yfgLo dflg;x¿ hfg]
/]i6'/]G6x¿df vfg hfg}kg]{ . sf]nf]Daf] hf“bf df6f]sf] ef8f]df ksfO/fv]sf
c;fWo} lk/f] …b]ljn k|fpgÚ, l;+ufk'/, x¨s¨ hf“bf e'mG8\ofO/fv]sf xf“;sf]
df;', l;8\gL xfj{/ hf“bf Toxf“sf] Kofgs]s Dofg/df ljleGg lsl;dsf
r6fd/L clg NofD;rk / 6L—af]g—:6]s / O6fnL hf“bf Toxf“sf] cfO;lqmd .
x'“bfx'“bf lkmlnlkG; hf“bf xf“;sf] df;' …8sÚ eG7fg]/ emG8} s's'/sf] df;'
vfgk'u]sf] .
kfZrfTo hutdf …ck]/fÚ, …a|f]8—j]Ú zf], Snfl;sn ;+uLt ;f“em h:tf

dx“uf sfo{qmdx¿df k|z:t k};f vr{ u/L x]g{ hfg] k]mzg g} /x]5 . Pp6f
l6s6s} ;of}+ 8n/ k5{ . Tof] klg dlxgf}+ cufl8 l6s6 a's ug'{kg]{ . Pstfsf
ck]/fsf] cg'ej ug{ d e]lg;df hf“bf Toxf“sf] ljZjljVoft cfln;fg lyP6/
xndf …ljlnod :6«¨Ú sf] zf]df cfwfl/t ck]/f x]g{ k'u]+ . …lkg 8«k ;fOn]G;Ú,
Pp6f l;of] v:of] eg] klg cfjfh cfpnf h:tf] . s:tf] PslrQ eP/
dflg;x¿n] x]l//fv]sf] Tof] …ck]/fÚ † t/ cfk"mn] t k6Ss} a'e]msf] xf]Og .
ga'e]m klg a'e]msf] h:tf] clego u/]/ tLg 306f ps';d's'; eP/ al;of] .
t/ uha dfxf]n 5 Toxf“, ;f/f cfOdfO{x¿ Psbd dx“uf] n]j]nsf] clt
k]mz]g]jn …Olelg¨ 8«];Ú nufP/ cfpg] /x]5g\ . …:ofgnÚ, …ol:6n8/Ú, …u'rLÚ,
…luefGrLÚ cflb dx“uf] cQ/sf af:gfn] ;f/f lyP6/ xn dudufO/fv]sf]
x'GYof] . ck]/fsf] dWofGt/df ;a} bz{sx¿ af/df uP/ …SofleP/Ú vf“b}
lqm:6nsf] lunf;df …:oflDkPgÚ lkpg hf“bf /x]5g\ . l:j6\h/Nof08sf]
h'l/sdf klg o'g]k ;+:yfdf sfo{/t d]/f Pshgf ldq eLd pbf;n] dnfO{ /
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d]/L >LdtL ;'zLnfnfO{ ck]/f b]vfpg nu]sf lyP . gfO“ klg eGg' ePg .
;'zLnfnfO{ ck]/fsf] cg'ej u/fpg xfdL ;a} uof}+ . kms]{/ cfPkl5 d]/L
>LdtLn] PSn} dnfO{ sf]7fdf cfP/ ca lhGbuLdf ck]/f ;k]/f b]vfpg
gn}hfg' elgg\ . d}n] clxn];Dd ck]/fsf] dd{nfO{ slxNo} :jLsfg}{ ;lsg“ . t/
Go"of]s{sf] …a|f]8—j]Ú zf] df Cats, 42 Street h:tf ;f+uLlts sfo{qmdx¿
uhasf x'“bf/x]5g\ . ga'e]mklg cToGt /dfOnf] . ;f“Rr} tL cgluGtL
7fp“x¿sf] e|d0faf6 k|fKt u/]sf cg'ejx¿n] of] lhGbuLnfO{ lgs} wgL

agfOlbPsf /x]5g\ . ha hLjg Ps;'/] dgdf]hL x'G5, To;a]nf cf“vf lrDn]/
lat]sf tL /dfOnf If0fx¿sf] ;Demgf cfp“bf slxn]sfxL+ af}nfxfn] h:t} xf“:g
dg nfU5, slxn]sfxL+ To;a]nfsf efjgfTds 36gfx¿sf] ememNsf] ;Dem“bf
dgleqsf] cGt/s'Gt/df lr;f]kg cfp“5 .
dn]lzofsf] k]gfª\df Psrf]l6 d h¨n sGk|]mG;df efu lng uPsf]

lyP“ . ;ft lbg;Dd xfdLnfO{ k]gfª\ zx/af6 w]/} 6f9f Pp6f ;'g;fg ;fgf]
6fk'df /flvPsf] lyof] . Toxf“sf] jftfj/0f x]bf{ /ljG;g q"m;f]sf] sfNklgs 6fk'
h:tf] . Toxf“ aflx/af6 sf]xL cfpg ;Sb}gg\, vfnL ;Dd]ngdf efu lng
cfpg] rfnL;—krf;hgf ;xefuLx¿ Dffq lyof}+ . a;f]af;sf nflu h¨nleq
6f“luPsf Ps}gf;sf kfnx¿sf] aGbf]a:t lyof] . pi0f e"ldsf] h¨n, lr6lr6
kl;gf cfO/xg] . xfdL ;a} ;xefuLx¿ cw{gUg eP/ uf]i7Ldf efu lnGYof}+ .
nf]Ug] dfG5] s§'df eg] cfOdfO{ lasgLdf . lbp“;f] clt u/d, ;f“em k/]kl5
xfjfn] ubf{ cln lr;f] . lbgel/sf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;lsPkl5 ;xefuLx¿
w]/}h;f] cf—cfºgf] cWoogdf d:t x'Gy] t/ d ;f“em kgf{;fy ;d'b|sf]
lsgf/df xfdkmfNg uOxfNy]+ . ToxL ;Dd]ngdf efu lng cfPsL Pp6L
a|flhlnog dlxnf klg ;d'b|sf] c;fWo} ;f]lvg /lx5g\ . ;f“em k¥of] ls
kftnf] rLhs6gsf] …hDk;'6Ú nufP/ ;d'b|sf] 5fnl;t v]ln/xg] . ;d'b|sf]
kfgLleq a:bf Gofgf] t/ kfgLaf6 lgSngf;fy xfjfsf] :of“7\n] zLtn kfYof]{ .
ha kfgLn] pgsf] ;]tf] sk8f lgy'|Ss leHYof], pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ z/L/sf] ;f}Gbo{
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;"of{:t ;dosf] uf]w'nL pHofnf]df klg :ki6 b]lvGYof] . c:tfpg] a]nfsf]
;"o{sf] nflndf Toxf“af6 uhasf] b]lvGYof] . Tof] a]nf rf“bgL /ft lyof] . /flt
rGb|dfsf] pHofnf]df ;d'b|af6 cfPsf 5fnx¿ 6fk'sf] lsgf/fdf k'Ubfk'Ub}
k'm6]/ lk+mh eO{ afn'jfdf ljnLg ePsf] a]nf k|s[ltsf] cs}{ Pp6f cnf}lss
:j¿k emlNsGYof] . Tof] b[Zon] dnfO{ olt /f]dfl~rt u/fof] d}n] ;d'b|sf]
lsgf/df ca]/;Dd a;]/ Pp6f c+u|]hL sljtf;Dd klg /Rg k'u]+ . kRrL;
jif{eGbf a9L e};Sof] k]gfªsf] Tof] ;'g;fg 6fk'df af; a;]sf] t/ Toxf“
latfPsf x/If0fx¿ ;De]m/ cfpbf dg /dfOnf] x'G5 .
It was a halcyone midnight,

I was lying on the cold sand,
Crescent moon shining high,
breaking clouds in the sky.
Disc of galaxy is too vast,
and it rotates dizzy fast.
Solitary stars twinkling shy,
far in the angle's sky.
I peer beyond the stupendous darkness,
where planet dissolved in horizon infinite.
I watched heaven kissing ocean,
indeed it was a grand union.
Little yonder in the protean seashore,
hunting tides smashing themselves.
Thounderous sound shook the core,
turning the night savage and wild.
Turbulent waves rippled wide,
burgeoning like a prarie fire.
Silver stream rushed to the bank,
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before it touched me, vanish into sand.
From the above hamlet shining,
I saw Lucy rushing down,
hanging Lantern in her hand,
whilst in midway soon she wan.
Come and gone Lucy and silver,
dream blown out of order.
Nothing now in my hand,
disappeared like a magic wand.
Next morning in the crispy dawn,
there rise a golden sun.
Maishma cleared, saturnine gone,
I found myself sin qua non.
csf]{ d]/f] gd]l6g] 5fk xf], ci6«]lnofsf] SjLG;Nof08 /fHosf] s]G;

eGg] 7fp“ . Toxf“ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] hLljt d'ufn] ag]sf] cgluGtL
6fk'sf] nx/ 5 h;nfO{ xfdL …u|]6 j]l/o/ l/ºmÚ eG5f}+ . of] cb\e"t k|fs[lts
;+/rgf ePsf] sf/0fn] o;nfO{ ljZj ;Dkbfsf] ;"rLdf klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5 . of] …u]|6 j]l/o/ l/kmÚ df cgluGtL ;fgf—;fgf 6fk'x¿ 5g\ h;dWo]
;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ / cfsif{s 6fk' xf] …x]/g 6fk'Ú . To;nfO{ A drop in the
ocean ofg] ;d'b|df Ps yf]kf klg elgG5 . of] 6fk'df Ps xKtf a:gsf nflu
cfheGbf kRrL;—tL; jif{ klxn] emG8} b'O{ xhf/ ci6«]lnog 8n/ ltg'{kYof] .
To;a]nf Tof] /sd w]/} g} x'GYof] . s]g zx/af6 Tof] 6fk'df k'Ug x]lnsK6/af6
hfg' kYof]{ . cfsfzaf6 tn x]bf{ ;d'b|leq ;of}+ 7"N7"nf x\j]n df5fx¿ x"nsf
x"n b]lvGy] . x]/g 6fk' cToGt ;fgf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ 6fk' 3'Dg cfwf 3G6f klg
nfUb}g . Toxf“ k'Ugf;fy ;asf ;a ko{6sx¿ cfk"mx¿n] nufPsf ;Dk"0f{
n'ufx¿ ºof“Sb} kfgLdf k"/} gf¨} xfDkmfnL xfNy] . s] a"9f], s] t?gL, s] aRrf †
cf“vfn] EofP;Dd ;d'b|sf] ;Dk"0f{ kfgL lgZrn / lgd{n 5 . of] 6fk'sf]
k|fs[lts jftfj/0f olt cfsif{s / nf]enfUbf] 5 Toxf“ k'Ug] ;a} dflg;
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k|fs[lts k|f0fL eP/ ;do latfpg nfnflot x'G5g\ . t/ lhGbuLdf cfk"m t
g'xfpg] a]nfdf klg c08/j]o/ nufP/ g'xfpg], lgj{:q eP/ v'n]cfd t 3'Dg}
;lsg . s:tf] cgf}7f] † Tof] 6fk'df ;a} lgj{:q 5g, pgLx¿nfO{ nfh nfu]g
t/ dnfO{ c08/j]o/ nufpbf klg nfh nfUg] . Psb'O{ rf]l6 t k'msfn]+ klg
t/ kfgL aflx/ xf]Og kfgL leqdfq . x]/g 6fk'df ;aeGbf /dfOnf] kfgLleq
d'vdf kfOk nufP/ cf“vfdf rZdf /fvL …:gf]/slnªÚ ug{ hfg] xf] . cfºg}
cfjfhsf] :jf“—:jf“ / ;f;sf] k|ltWjlgn] klg slxn]sfxL+ eoeLt kf5{ .
cf“vfdf kfgL gk:g] df:s nufPsf] sf/0f ;fgf] df5f klg 7"nf] b]lvbf]/x]5 .
;aeGbf klxn] …:gf]/slnªÚ ug{ uPsf] a]nf …l:6ª /]Ú eGg] r]K6f] t/ nfdk'5]«
df5f b]Vbf t s:tf] tl;{Psf] † sf];f}sf];;Dd d'ufsf] 6fk'n] ;d'b|sf] 5fnnfO{
/f]s]sf] x'“bf x]/g 6fk'df 5fn cfpb}g / ;Dk"0f{ lsgf/ /l¨la/¨L afn'jf /
lk+mh}lk+mhn] el/Psf] 5 . of] b[Zo pTs[i6 kf]i6/ h:t} b]lvG5 . lhGbuLdf
Psrf]l6 k'Ug} kg]{ 7fp“ xf] of] x]/g 6fk' .
d]/f ;Demgfsf] t/]nLdf lg/Gt/ cfO/xg] 7fp“ tfhd]lgof / xjfOsf

ljleGg 6fk'x¿ klg x'g\ . tfhd]lgofdf e|d0f ubf{ tLgtn] h¨nsf]
b[Zofjnf]sg, la|l6; ;fd|fHon] pklgj]z v8f u/]sf P]ltxfl;s v08x/x¿

clg ;'g;fg /fhdfu{sf] x/]s la;f}gLdf cjl:yt k/Dk/fut z}nLsf Pstn]
xf]6]ndf clt ld7f] …Ol:sof]g s]sÚ / cfOl/; skmL vfPsf] cg'ej d}n] ce}m
la;]{sf] 5}g . xjfO{ /fHosf] djL / So"O{ 6fk'sf …KnfG6]zgÚ / ;d'b|L cnf}lss
cfsif{0fx¿ klg Tolt g} /f]df~rs 5g\ . ljb]z e|d0fsf] qmddf sltko
lat]sf, 36]sf efj's Pj+ dfld{s 36gfqmdn] klg ;Demgfsf] 9's'6L
el/lbG5g\ . e|d0f ubf{ slxn] PSn} x'Gy]+, slxn] ;fyL;“u x'Gy]+ . sltko
36gfqmdx¿ cToGt JolQmut ¿ksf x'g] x'“bf To;nfO{ cGtM:s/0fdf dfq
n'sfP/ /fVg ;lsG5 t/ sltko efj's 36gfx¿ j0f{g gu/]/} klg tL kn /
If0fsf] cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ sltko dfld{s Joyfx¿nfO{ j0f{g
ul/Pg eg] dgdf zflGt klg x'“b}g . tL If0fx¿dWo] d b'Oj6f 36gfqmdsf]
dfq ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;S5' .
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d]/f] clt dgkg]{ b]z hfkfgsf] lggf]ldof lk|k]mSr/df d]/f] Pp6f

;fyL a:5 . p;sf] gfp“ xf] lsof];L xf]l;8f] . pm /fd|f] c+u|]hL af]Ng ;Sb}g
t/ xfdL s'/f u/]/} xKtf} xKtf latfpg] uYof}+{ . pm Pp6f wgf9\o ls;fg xf] /
cf“v}n] gEofpg] v]t 5 p;sf] . hxf“ ;'Gtnf, lsjL, t/e'hf h:tf
kmnk"mnsf] v]tL ul/G5 . laxfg 5 ah]b]lv pm / p;sL >LdtL v]tdf sfd
ug{ hfG5g\ ls;fgsf] n'uf nufP/ . d gf} ah];Dd ;'lt/x]sf] x'Gy]+ .
lsof];LsL >LdtL ldofsL bf}8]/ 3/df cfO{ dnfO{ a|]skmf:6 agfOlblGyg\ /
d]/f] h'Qfdf kfln; ;d]t nufOlblGyg\ . s:tf] crDdsf] cltly ;Tsf/ †
hltlbg d hfkfgdf a;]+ cg]s hfkfgL kl/sf/sf vfgfx¿ lsof];L /
ldofsLn] ksfp“y] . vfgf ksfpg] ;f]v d}n] pgLx¿af6 l;s]+ .
lsof];L sfd klg uf]? h:t} ug]{ uYof]{ / df]hdhf klg TolQs} .
hxf“ uP klg hfkfgsf] dx“uf]—dx“uf] e§Ldf uP/ afSnf] kfp8/ bn]sL,
k/Dk/fut lsdf]gf] n'uf nufPsL …lu;fÚ o'jtLx¿sf] xftaf6 …8f]hf]—8f]hf]Ú
eGb} Gofgf] ;fsLsf] /S;L lkpg' kg]{ . ;fsL /S;Lsf] :jfb lsof];Ln] g} dnfO{
rvfPsf] xf] / clxn] klg Gofgf] ;fsL lkpg kfOof] eg] d x'?Ss x'G5' .
xfd|f] ldqtf k|uf9 x'“b} uof] ha lsof];Lsf] 5f]/f eof], p;n] 5f]/fsf] gfp“ d]/}
gfp“af6 /fVof] s0f{ xf]l;8f] . clxn] d]/f] hfkfgL wd{k'q o'lg{el;6Ldf
OlGhlgol/¨ k9\b}5 . clxn] hfkfg guPsf] kf“r—5 jif{ eO;Sof] t/

lsof];Lsf] v]t, p;sf] hfkfgL 3/, lgsf] ;Nkm/ l:k|¨ 3'Dg hf“bf tftf]
kfgLdf g'xfPsf If0fx¿, x\ofsf]gL /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dgf]/d lxd >[+vxnfx¿,
lgsf] IF]qdf cfO; :s]l6¨ ubf{ n8]sf] cg'ej, Sof]6f]sf cgluGtL ;“f:s[lts
w/f]x/ / wfld{s dlGb/x¿ d]/f] dfg;k6ndf slxNo} af;L ePgg\ .
/d0fLo k|fs[lts hns'08 dnfO{ clt g} dgk5{ . g]kfnLdf o;nfO{

zfob l;d;f/ eG5g\ xf]nf t/ c+u|]hLdf o;nfO{ …Aofs jf6/Ú jf …nu'gÚ klg
eG5g\ . of] Aofs jf6/ ;d'b| jf s'g} 7"N7"nf] tfnsf] kfgL hdLgsf] lsgf/}
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lsgf/fleq gfuj]nL tnfpsf] ¿kdf ;[hgf ePsf] x'G5 h;sf] bfof“—afof“
cToGt 3gf t/ ;—;fgf ?v la?jfsf] h¨n x'G5 . clwsf+z ?vsf h/fx¿
j/sf] h:t} xf“ufaf6 tn cfO{ emf“luPsf x'G5g\ . ;d'b| jf 7"N7"nf tfnsf
Aofs jf6/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt ;DkGg x'G5g\ . Toxf“
cg]sf}+ hftsf /¨Lr¨L r/fx¿sf] ;fy;fy ljleGg hftsf hnr/ / ynr/
kfOG5g\ . o:tf nu'gx¿df ;fgf] sf7sf] 8'¨f lnP/ ;nNn lvofpg'sf] dHhf
g} csf]{ x'G5 . b'la{gn] r/f x]b}{ k|s[ltsf] ;+;f/df x/fpg rfxg] dflg;n] oL
Aofs jf6/x¿df e|d0f ug}{k5{ . >Ln+sfsf] jfl0fHob"t x'“bf j]g6f]6f /
lxsfb'jfsf] nu'gdf ;do ldNg]lalQs} d b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu k'luxfNy+] .
hltrf]l6 >LnÍf uPklg lxsfb'jfsf] nu'gdf 8'¨f ;km/ gu/L d kms{+b}
kmls{Ggy+] . lgd{n xl/of] kfgL, kfgLleq nfvf}+ nfv ;—;fgf df5fx¿,
lsgf/fdf sxL+ st} dflg;sf] sf]nfxn 5}g l;jfo xl/of], kx]+nf] O{Ujfgf
hftsf ;'guf]xf]/f] 3fd tfk]/ ?vdf …Sofdf]ºnfhÚ eP/ al;/xG5 .
ci6«]lnofsf] SjLG;Nof08 /fHodf g';fx]8 eGg] 7fp“ 5 h'g ;g;fOg

sf]i6df kb{5 . ci6«]lnofdf /x“bf slxn]sfxL+ ;g;fOgsf]i6sf] sf]nf]G8«f eGg]
7fp“df d]/f] Pshgf ;fyLsf] sf7n] agfPsf] Pstn] ;'Gb/ 3/df a:g hfg]
uy]{ . Toxf“af6 cfwf 306f lx+8]kl5 ;d'b|sf] kfgL g';fx]8sf] lsgf/} lsgf/} x'“b}
crn / lgZrn nu'gdf kl/0ft x'G5 . Tof] nu'gsf] lsgf/ lsgf/df
>Ln+sfsf] lxsfb'jfsf] …6«lksn /]g km/]i6Ú sf] h:tf] h¨n geO{ v'n} ePsf]
x'“bf df5f dfg{ cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg k|z:t x'GYof] . Tof] 7fp“ laxfg /
a]n'sL hluª ug]{x¿sf] lgldQ klg cToGt k|Voft 5 . lsgf/ lsgf/df
rf/—kf“r k'm6] ku808L agfO/fv]sf] x'GYof] clg 7fp“—7fp“df …leS6f]l/ogÚ

l8hfOgsf kmnfd] a]~rx¿ /flvPsf x'Gy] . sf]xL dflg; la:tf/} 6xln/fv]sf
x'G5g\ t sf]xL a;]/ lkml;¨ /8af6 aN5L yflk/x]sf . k|s[ltsf] jftfj/0f
o:tf] 5 Toxf“ ls dfG5]x¿ af]Ng} ?rfp“b}gg\, k|s[lt;“u} /dfO/fv]sf x'G5g\ .
d]/f] ;f]v g} xf] lsnf]sf lsnf] /ftf] 7"nf] pl;g]sf …sf]nf]G8«f k|fpgÚ lsGg] /
d]rdf a;]/ …6f6{/ ;;Ú df rf]k]/ vf“b} …xG6/ EofnLÚ -lr;f] ;]tf] jfOg_
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af]6n}af6 lkpg] clg k|fpg vfO;s]kl5 To;sf af]qmfx¿ ToxL nu'gdf kf}8L
v]ln/fVg] 7"N7"nf ;d'b|L r/f …k]lnsgÚ nfO{ v'jfpg] . clxn] klg ;lDemof] eg]
t'?Gt} Kn]gaf6 p8]/ g';fx]8df uO{ k|fpg vfg / Toxf“ p8L /fVg] e'm08sf
e'm08 k]lnsgnfO{ x]g{ hfg dgnfU5 . Tof] Aofs jf6/sf] lsgf/}df a;]/
;d'b|af6 cfpg] lr;f] xfjf clg ;'g;fg jftfj/0fdf k]lnsgsf] s's\s's\
cfjfh ;'Gb} k|fpg / jfOgsf] dHhf ln+b} Kofl;lkms dxf;fu/sf] cGtxLg
b[ZonfO{ x]/]/ cfk"mn] cfk}+mnfO{ x/fP/ a:g'sf] cfgGb g} cs}{ . Tof] ;f]v /
;Demgfn] d]/f] dgdl:tisdf clxn] klg pmhf{ k|bfg u5{ / d]/f] :k"mlt{ tfhf
eP/ cfp“5 .
e|d0f;“u} af}l4s v'/fs klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsof] eg] s:tf] dHhf † of]
cg'ej d}n] !((! df O6fnLsf] ldnfgaf6 cGbfhL rfnL; ls=dL= 6f9f
anflhof] eGg] 7fp“df k|fKt u/]+ . anflhof]sf] b/af/ dWosfnLg …a/f]sÚ /
O6flnog z}nLsf] lyof] h'g So"df] eGg] 7"nf] tfnsf] 7Ls cufl8 eAo ¿kn]
agfOPsf] lyof] . b/af/sf x/]s ¤ofnaf6 So"df] tfnsf] dgf]/d b[Zo b]Vg
kfOG5 . anflhof]sf] ;f] eJo ejg n]vs, snfsf/, ;+uLtsf/x¿nfO{ cf—
cfºgf] lstfj, lrq, ;+uLt /rgf ug{sf nflu klg pknJw x'“bf]/x]5 .
anflhof]sf] of] af}l4s …l/l6«6 ;]G6/Ú /sk]mn/ kmfpG8]zgn] ;+rfng u/]sf]
5 . of] 3/df a;]/ sfd ug{sf lgldQ Go"of]s{l:yt /sk]mn/ ;]G6/af6
:jLs[lt lng'k5{ . s'g}klg n]vs, ;+uLtsf/ of snfsf/ oxf“ xKtfb]lv tLg
dlxgf;Dd lgMz'Ns a:g kfp“5g\ / cfºgf] s[lt /rgf ug{ ;S5g\ .
anflhof]df ;ft lbg a;]/ d}n] klg Look Down Not Up eGg] lstfj yfngL
u/]sf] lyP“ . Toxf“ d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] af}l4s jftfj/0fn] d]/f] JolQmTjdf 7"nf]
k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . cToGt cfsif{s au}+rf, emG8} aL;—afO; lkm6 cUnf]
k':tsfno clg ;f“em kmfo/Kn];cufl8 a;]/ ljleGg b]zaf6 cfPsf cGo
af}l4s JolQmTjl;t s'/fsfgL ubf{ oxf“ d"v{ klg a'l4dfg\ x'G5 h:tf] b]lvG5 .
anflhof]sf] Tof] af}l4s s]Gb|nfO{ x]/]/ d}n] klg d]/f] 3/nfO{ …dfof d]gf]/Ú sf]
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gfd lbO{ …/fO6;{ xfp;Ú sf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ug{ vf]h]sf] lyP“ t/ sxf“
anflhof], sxf“ d]/f] 3/ †
d]/f] lhGbuLsf] csf]{ ;f]v …cf6{ Uofn/LÚ 3'Dg] klg xf] . sxL+ 7"N7"nf]
zx/df uP“ eg] d k'm;{b kfpgf;fy Toxf“sf] cf6{ Uofn/L x]g{ uOxfNy]+ . cf6{
Uofn/Ldf d ;w}+ PSn} hfGy]+ . snf x]g]{ xf] eg] PslrQ eP/ x]g'{k5{ . d
snfsf/ t xf]Og t/ snfsf] clt ;f]lvg . cfheGbf tL; jif{ klxn] ha
d}n] 8L=aL= lrqsf/nfO{ kf6gsf] s[i0fdlGb/df k]lG6ª\ a]lr/x]sf] b]v]+, pgLl;t
ldn]/ d}n] Pp6f cf6{ Uofn/L vf]Ng] ljrf/ u/]+ . lrqsf/nfO{ ;fy lnO{
b/af/dfu{df d}n] Pp6f Uofn/L vf]n]+ zfob g]kfnsf] of] klxnf] cf6{ Uofn/L
lyof] . 8L=aL= lrqsf/ / d ufp“—ufp“ 3'Dg hfGYof}+, kbofqfdf hfGYof}+ .
hxf“—hxf“ b[Zo /fd|f] eof], ToxL+ a;]/ 8L=aL= n] :s]r sf]y]{ / To;df d
cfºgf] efjgf kf]Vy]+ . Ps jif{leq xfdLn] krf; j6f hlt k]lG6ª agfof}+ /
To;nfO{ k|bz{g u¥of}+ . dnfO{ s] yfxf kfpg' lyof] eg] 8L=aL= lrqsf/sf]
s'g vfn] k]lG6ª bz{sn] ?rfp“bf /x]5g\ . vNtLdf …:6k jfrÚ /fv]/ s'g
bz{sn] s'g k]lG6ª slt ldg]6 x]¥of] eg]/ d}n] /]s8{ agfP“ . cGtdf yfxf
kfOof] 8L=aL= lrqsf/sf Impression df cfwfl/t landscape painting x¿ a9L
?rfOPsf /x]5g\ . bz jif{;Dd xfdLn] ;+o'Qm ¿kn] cf6{ Uofn/L rnfof}+,
;of}+ k]lG6ªsf] laqmL eof] / Pslbg ;do o:tf] klg cfof] sf7df8f}s + f ljb]zL
s"6gLlt1x¿sf cfjf;df 8L=aL= lrqsf/sf] k]lG6ª ePg eg] OHht} gx'g]
h:tf] eof] .
Pstfsf d hd{gLsf] Do"lgsl:yt ljZjk|l;4 …k]gfsf]y]sÚ eGg] cf6{

Uofn/Ldf k|l;4 snfsf/x¿sf] k]lG6¨ x]g{ uPsf] lyP“ . Tof] ejgdf ;of}+
sf]7fx¿ 5g\ hxf“ lksf;f], df]g], ?j]g cflbsf k]lG6¨x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . x]bf{
x]b}{ yfs]/ ;f]kmfdf a;]/ t:jL/ x]b}{ lyP“, d]/f] xft cgfof; ;f]kmfsf] s'gfdf
k'Uof] / Toxf“ Pp6f ;fgf] Knfl:6ssf] k;{ e]l6of] . k;{df ;ft;o k|mofÍ
lyof] . s'g} sf8{ jf 7]ufgf /fv]sf] lyPg . Tof] sf]7fdf c¿ sf]xL lyPgg\ .
Tof] k;{nfO{ d}n] Uofn/Lsf] l/;]Kzgdf kmsf{pg ;Sy+] t/ To;a]nf d ljBfyL{
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;f]r
g} lyP“, o"/f]k 3'Dg] 7"nf] ;f]v lyof] t/ k};f sd . ;ft;o k|mofÍaf6 d}n]
O6fnL / cGo o'/f]k]nL d'n'sx¿sf] klg e|d0f ug{ ;Sy]+ . To;a]nf d]/f]
dgdf cg]s låljwf hfUof], cflv/ nf]en] lhTof] . d}n] k};f l/;]K;gdf lbOg
/ ToxL k};faf6 /f]d 3'Dg uP“ . clxn] klg Tof] 36gf ;Dembf dnfO{
kZrfQfk / cfTdfUnflg x'G5 .
;g\ !((* df u0f]z/fh zdf{Ho"sf efO dfwj/fh zdf{sf]

:jL6\h/Nof08sf] 3/df a:g hf“bf ;“ufn]sf] Pp6f dfld{s ;+emgf 5 d;“u .
pgn] dnfO{ g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf] sfo{qmd l:j6\h/Nof08df klg ;+rfng ug{
lgDtf] k7fPsf lyP . To;a]nf pgL g]kfn—:jL6\h/Nof08 d}qL ;+3sf] cWoIf
lyP . ljb]zdf a;]/ g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof b]v]/ d dfwjhL;“u k|efljt eP“ .
k]zfn] OlGhlgo/, cToGt ljgd| / ljgozLn :jefjsf lyP pgL . dfwjhLn]
s/ u/]/ xfdLnfO{ pgs} 3/df a:g] Joj:yf u/] . dl;t d]/L >LdtL /
sfG5L 5f]/L;d]t ePsf] x'“bf xf]6]ndf g} a:g] OR5f hfx]/ u/]+ . t/ pgn]
k6Ss} dfg]gg\ . Toltdfq x}g, cfk"m ;'Tg] sf]7fdf xfdLnfO{ /fv]/ dfwjhL,
pgsL >LdtL / 5f]/f 8«O¨ ?ddf ;'Tg uP . Tof] klg ;ft lbg;Dd . dnfO{
c;fWo} cº7\of/f] nfUof] To;a]nf . d}n] w]/} w]/} s/ u/]+ xf]6]ndf a:g hfgsf
lgldQ . nfh krfP/ d}n] olt;Dd pgnfO{ eg],+ æx]gf]{;\ dfwjhL, dl;t
k};fsf] sdL 5}g, xfdL /fd|} xf]6]ndf a:g ;S5f}+ . s[kof xfdLnfO{ xf]6]ndf
hfg lbgf];\ . d tkfO{+x¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg rfxGg .Æ cx“, dfwjhLn] dfGb}
dfg]gg\ . pgn] dnfO{ eg] æyfxf 5 s0f{hL tkfO{ wgL eg]/, t/ tkfO{+
xfdLl;t a:g'eof] eg] dnfO{ w]/} v';L x'g]5 .Æ d}n] ca s] eGg] † ;ft
lbg;Dd dfwjhLn] xfdLnfO{ cfºg} 3/df /fv]/ cfk+}mn] ksfP/ v'jfP .
cfh;Dd dnfO{ o;/L leqL x[bob]lv To:tf] ck"j{ efjgfTds ;Ddfg s;}n]
lbPsf] 5}g . d]/f] lhGbuLdf dfwjhLnfO{ s]xL ug{;s]+ eg] Tof]eGbf v'zLsf]
If0f d]/f] lglDt c¿ x'g} ;Sb}g .
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To;sf] rf/ jif{kl5 Pslbg dfwjhLn] :jL6\h/Nof08af6 dnfO{
6]lnkmf]g u/] . klxn] t pgL af]Nb} af]n]gg\ . d x]nf] x]nf] eGb} lyP“ . kl5 d}n]
pgL 3'“Ss 3'“Ss /f]Psf] cfjfh ;'g]+ . la:tf/} pgn] eg,]+ æzfSohL, d]/L
>LdtL klg SofG;/af6} laltg\ .Æ d af]Ng} ;lsg, cf“vfaf6 rfn} gkfOsg
cf“;' emg{ yfNof] . ljjz eP/ d}n] 6]lnkmf]g /fv]+ / ha d}n] cfºgf] efj's
dgMl:yltnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]+ clgdfq} pgnfO{ k]ml/ 6]lnkmf]g u/]+ . dfwjhLsf]
s'/f d]/L >LdtL ;'zLnfnfO{ atfp“bf pgL cToGt efjljx\jn eOg\, b'O— { tLg
lbg;Dd dfwjhLs} kl/jf/sf] af/]df dfq s'/f ul//lxg\ . ljb]zdf aL;f}+ jif{
a;]/ ;Rrf g]kfnL dg af]s]/ lx+8\g] dfwj zdf{nfO{ d}n] gd?Gh]n;Dd
la;{g]5}g / syd\ lal;{P“ eg]+ dnfO{ dxfkfk nfU5 .
:d/0f hLjgsf] Pp6f cgdf]n wg xf] . slxn]sfxL+ jiff}{+b]lv

l;+ufl/Psf] efjgf / ;Demgf ha PsfPs 6'6\5, To;a]nf uhasf] g/dfOnf]
…lkmln+uÚ x'“bf]/x]5 . ;g\ !(^% df xf]6]n cGgk"0f{sf] af/df xNof08sL Pp6L
cToGt /fd|L cfOdfO{l;t d]/f] e]6 ePsf] lyof] . klxn] x]gf{;fy pgL lkmNd
cleg]qL eG7fg]sf] lyP“ kl5 kf] a'lemof] pgL t ljZjk|l;4 k]G6xfp;
DofuhLgsf] Centerfold Model /lx5g\ . pgLl;t vf; 3lgi6 ;DaGw t xf]Og
t/ s]xL ;dosf nflu p7\a;dfq ePsf] lyof] . t}klg pgL :d/0fof]Uo
lyOg\ . gfd lyof] pgsf] P]Guf k]8/;g . aL; jif{kZrft\ xNof08sf]
sf]kgx]ug hf“bf pgL;“u e]6 xf]nf eg]/ d}n] ;f]r]s} lyOg . o"/f]ksf] pRr
lqmofzLn ;dfhdf a:g] dflg;x¿sf] t :yfoL 7]ufgf g} x'“b}g . t}klg pgsf]
k'/fgf] 6]lnkmf]g gDa/ d]/f] 8fo/Ldf /x]5 / xf]6]nsf] sf]7fdf a:bf a:b} d}n]
cgfof;} pgsf] gDa/df 6]lnkmf]g u/]+ . 6]lnkmf]gaf6 :yflgo efiffdf d]lzg
af]Nof], d}n] d]/f] gfp“ Toxf“ l6kfOlbP . tLg 306fkl5 P]Gufn] dnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g
ul/g\ / elgg\ æd xf]6]ndf cfp“b}5' ltdLnfO{ l8g/df n}hfg .Æ d]/f]
;Demgfsf t/]nLdf pgsf] ;f}Gbo{ PsfPs emlNsof] . cUnL, /ftf] skfn /
k"mnsf] af]qmf h:t} lrNnf] d'xf/ . d xf]6]nsf] njLdf pgnfO{ klv{/fv]sf]
lyP“ . Pp6f 7"nf] sfnf] lndf]lhog sf/ xf]6]n cufl8 /f]lsof] . ;aeGbf
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;f]r
klxn] 8«fOe/ cf]ln{of], p;n] 9f]sf vf]n]kl5 cln a'9L a'9L h:tL cfOdfO{
lgl:sOg\ . hLp cln s'k|f], d'vdf rfp/L k/]sL, d'vel/ kfp8/ / lnlkl:6s
a];/L bn]sL . d xf]6]nsf] ;f]kmfdf g} a;]/ s:tL wgL a'9L cfOdfO{ xf]nf
eg]/ ;f]lr/fv]sf] lyP“ . pgn] ;/f;/ l/;]K;gdf uP/ …s0f{ zfSo— s0f{
zfSoÚ eGb} d]/f] af/]df kf] ;f]lwg\ . n P]Guf k]8/;g pgL g} kf] /lx5g\ .
;don] dflg;sf] sfofkn6 g} ubf]{]/x]5 . To:tL sfd's ;f}Gbo{sL k|tLs
P]Guf clxn] aL; jif{kl5 s;/L rfp/L k/]sL cfOdfO{ x'g k'lug\ † dnfO{
x7ft\ cfZro{ nfUof], e]g;sf] l;¨d/d/h:tf] hLp8fn ePsL P]Gufsf] d]/f]

Tof] sfNklgs k|ltd"lt{ la:tf/} d}gh:t} kUn]/ uP h:tf] . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf]eg]
d ;f]kmfaf6 p7\g} ;lsg, a;]sf] a:o} eP“ . dnfO{ nfUof] pgnfO{ ge]6]sf]
eP s:tf] /fd|f] x'GYof], sd;]sd d]/f] dfg;k6ndf P]Guf eGg] Pp6L
;'Gb/Lsf] d"lt{ sNkgfdf t tfhf /lx/xGYof] . clxn] pgL xNof08sL wgL /
gfd"b k]mzg l8hfOg/ e};s]sL /lx5g\ . o:tf] klg x'“bf]/x]5 †
lhGbuLsf] csf]{ gfd ofqf xf] / ofqf g} lhGbuL xf] . ofqfsf qmddf
y'k|} dflg; cfp“5g\ / hfG5g\ . t/ s'g} s'g} ;xofqLn] dgdf ;w}+sf] nflu
5fk 5f]l8hfG5g\ . ;}+tL; jif{ klxn] d jg ljefudf sfd ubf{ 8f]u lsdf]O
eGg] Pshgf lk;sf]/ ;fyL lyP . aL; jif{kl5 cd]l/sfsf] sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt
cf:k]g eGg] zx/df d 3'Dg uPsf] lyP“ . 8f]u k]G6fugl;t ;DalGwt sfdsf
nflu sf]nf]/f8f]d} a:y] . clxn] pgL 7"nf] dflg; e};s]sf 5g\ . d]/f]
xf]6]naf6 8f]unfO{ d}n] kmf]g u/]+ / d sf]nf]/f8f] cfPsf] ;"rgf lbP“ . ;f“em
afSnf] rZdf nufP/ ;ft k'm6] cUnf] 8f]un] cfºgf] 3/df l8g/ v'jfpg
dnfO{ xf]6]ndf lng cfP . pgL cf:k]gsf] Pp6f clt cfsif{s
3/df a:bf/x]5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ ljnf;L ;'ljwfx¿ Toxf“ lyP :jLldªk'nb]lv
Hofs'hL;Dd . t/ 8f]un] dnfO{ ;/f;/ cfºgf] 3/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] sf]7fleq
nu] . slt km/s 5 pgLx¿sf] / xfd|f] :jefjdf † g]kfnLx¿sf] 3/df k'luof]
eg] ;aeGbf klxn] cfºgf] j}ej / ;d[l4 b]vfpg vf]H5g\ . t/ 8f]unfO{ Tof]
b]vfpg' kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf lyPg . pgsf nflu of] s'g} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f
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;f]r
xf]Og . 8f]un] dnfO{ nu]sf] sf]7f t ;f/fsf ;f/f g]kfnL snfs[ltn] kf]
el/Psf] /x]5 . leQfdf yfª\sf, e'O{df ltJjtL un}+rf, b/fhdf g]kfnL wft'sf
;fdfgx¿, aLrdf l6j]6g sf7sf] Rof]5]+ 6]a'n, To;dfly Pp6f x'Ssf Tof]
klg gnL;lxt . d t Psl5g af]Ng} ;lsg“ 8f]usf] g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof b]v]/ .
8f]un] xf:b} eg]+, "Karna have this hubble bubble." 8f]un] t ;f“Rr} x'Ssfsf]
kftfdf r'/f]6sf] ;'tL{ / lrgL kufn]/ …ahf¨Ú agfPsf lyP . lkp“bf uhasf]
:jfb lyof], d'vdf w"jf“ klg cfpg] . ahf¨sf] :jfb d}n] slxNo} rfv]sf]
lyOg, To;}n] 8f]un] agfPsf] Tof] ahf¨ g]kfnLkf/fsf] xf] ls xf]Og dnfO{
yfxf 5}g . 8f]un] lax] ul/;s]sf /x]5g\ . afnaRrf t lyPgg\, pgsL
>LdtL pgLh:t} cUnL lyOg\ / pgn] g]kfnL kfx'gf cfPsf] x'“bf ;f8L
nufPsL lyOg\ t/ g]kfndf slxNo} gcfPsL lar/Ln] ;f8L nufpg s;/L

hfGblyg\ / < a;\ pgn] t ;f8L k]l6sf]6 h:t} a]/]/ nufPsL /lx5g\ .
8f]uh:tf g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{ w]/} ljb]zLx¿ 5g\ . cflv/ g]kfndf s] 5, s]
cb[Zo zlQm 5, h;n] Psrf]l6 cfpgf;fy pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ lvlr/xG5 .
k/Gt' ;f/f g]kfnL of] b]znfO{ ga'e]m/ knfog x'g vf]lh/x]5g\, of] b]zsf]
d"No / dfGotfnfO{ la;]{/ ljb]zL gSsndf /dfpg vf]lh/x]5g\ t/ ljb]zLx¿
rflx+ g]kfndf cfP/ of] b]znfO{ ;fª\lu|nf / :ju{sf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{
vf]lh/x]5g\ / cfºgf] b]z kms]{/ hf“bf klg o;nfO{ ;De]m/ dfof dfq
ul//fv]sf 5}gg\, clnslt g]kfn} lnP/ uPsf 5g\ lrx\gf] :j¿k h:tf] nfU5
. xfdL d"v{ xf} ls pgLx¿ d"v{ eP o;sf] d"NofÍg ;don] g} ug]{5 .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!$
e|d0f jif{sf] yfngL

æe|d0f jif{ k|f/Deb]lv gl;l4P;Dd d}n] hlt sfd u/]+ Tolt sfd d]/f]
hLjgsfndf d}n] slxNo} u/s} lyOg . em08} lbgsf] aL; 306f;Dd klg
zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s tj/n] Jo:t /xg'kYof]{ / /xGy]+ klg . slxn] t /ft–
/fte/ d ;'Tg ;lSbgy+] . cf“vf t lrlDnGy]+ t/ lbdfun] sfd ul//fv]sf]
x'“bf]/x]5 . lbdfun] sfdubf{ d]/f b'Oj6} v'§fsf a"9L cf}+nf Pscfk;df
3f]l6O/x“bf /x]5g\ . o;f]ubf{ dWo/ftdf ha vf6 xlNnbf] /x]5 clg d]/L
>LdtL æcF << of] dfG5] t af}nfxf x'g nfUof] Sof/] †Æ eGb} csf]{ sf]7fdf
;'Tg hflGyg\ . ha ;Lldt ;|f]taf6 c;Lldt sfd ug{'kg]{ x'G5, k|foM cj:yf
o:t} x'G5 ====== wgaf6 dfq ljsf;sf ;a} sfd ug{ ;ls+b}g . slxn]sfxL+
sd k};f x'g] kl/l:yltn] klg cj;/sf cg]s 9f]sf vf]lnlbg] x'G5 . ;f“Rr}
eGg] xf]eg] sd k};fn] emg\ ;[hgzLn sfo{x¿ ug{ ;lsG5 .Æ
b]z ljb]zsf] e|d0fn] d]/f] ;f]rsf] :t/nfO{ w]/} psfl;lbPsf] 5 .

Psftk{m cfºg} dft[e"ldsf] s'gfsfKrfdf k}bn ofqf u/]/ /fi6«sf cgdf]n
k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ glhs}af6 x]/L a'emL o;sf] dlxdf /
dxTjnfO{ ko{6g pBf]udf s;/L pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f hfGg ;s]+
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;f]r
eg] csf]{tk{m cfk+}m ko{6s eO{ ;+;f/sf ljleGg b]zx¿ e|d0f u/]/ g]kfnnfO{
klg s;/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynsf ¿kdf k|lt:yfkg ug{
;lsG5 eGg] cjwf/0ffnfO{ x[bo+ud ug{ ;s]+ .
;g\ !((#—($ tfsf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cGt/f{li6«o klqsfdf …u'8afO{

;fª\lu|nfÚ zLif{sdf g]kfnaf/] n]v 5flkPsf] /x]5 . To;avt sf7df8f}+sf
x/]sh;f] bf]af6f]–rf}af6f]df 8'ª\ª'ª\tL uGxfpg] kmf]xf]/x¿ hyfefaL ºof“lsg]
ul/GYof] . 7fp“—7fp“df 7"nf sG6]g/x¿ t /flvPsf lyP t/ ;dod}
sG6]g/sf kmf]xf]/ p7fO{ gn}hf“bf duGt]x¿ ltgdf r9]/ Psflt/ Knfli6s
a6'Ny] eg] ;“u} /]i6'/]06x¿af6 ºof“lsPsf vfg]s'/fx¿ ;d]t vfO/x]sf aLeT;
b[Zox¿;d]t b]lvGy] . Tof] b[ZonfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnLsf] lz/ lgZro g} e'mSg]
uYof]{ . kmf]xf]/ p7fpg] / tx nufpg] of]hgfj4 Joj:yf lyPg . af6f]–af6f]df
ljqmd 6]Dkf] / k'/fgf df]8]nsf yf]qf a;sf] w"“jf cflbaf6 l;lh{t b'lift
jftfj/0fn] sf7df8f}+ lgs} u|:t lyof] . To;dfly kmf]xf]/, cem dxfkmf]xf]/sf]
/fhgLlt ug]{x¿af6 ;d]t cnsfk'/L, sflGtk'/L gu/L nyflnË} ePsf] lyof] .
oxL ;Gbe{df k|sflzt pQm n]v c;fWo} gsf/fTds lsl;dsf] lyof] . ;f] n]v
k9\g] ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ g]kfn e|d0f ug{ lxlRsrfx6 x'g;SYof] . Tof] n]vsf]
k|efj:j¿k ko{6g Joj;fo / pBdsf d'h'/f, d'gfx¿ / slnnf kfn'jfx¿df
t'iff/fkft x'g nfUof] . ;Eotf / ljlzi6 dGb d':sfgk"0f{ g]kfnL cf]7df
sn]6L kg{ yfNof] . ;f“Rr} g} Tof] n]v / oyfl:yltn] lg/fzfjfbsf] r/d
gsf/fTds t/Ë g} Nofof] . n]vsf] k|ltlqmofn] t'¿Gt k|lts"n c;/ kg{
yflnxfNof], h;sf nIf0fx¿ b]vf kl/xfn] .
pQm n]v k|sflzt ePkl5 cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 dfq xf]Og, /fli6«o

:t/df klg ljleGg kq—klqsf, a'l4hLjL / ko{6gsf] kf6f]df nfu]sf
pBdLx¿;d]tn] g]kfnsf] c:tJo:t jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofk|lt cfuf]df £o"
ylkg] u/L emg\ cg]s gsf/fTds lj1lKtx¿ k|sfzg ug{ yfn] . ;d:of
;'lNemg'sf] ;§f emg} plNemof], alNemof] . pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3b]lv ko{6gl;t
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;f]r
;DalGwt ;a} ;+3—;+:yfx¿sf] uf]i7L, ;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnf cflb
cg'i7fgx¿df sf7df8f}+sf] Tof] k|b"lift jftfj/0f g} cfd 5nkmnsf] ljifo
aGg yfNof] . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfnfO{, gu/kflnsfn] pBdLx¿—
nfO{, clg pBdLx¿n] >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lhDd]jf/ ;flat ug]{ cf/f]k
k|Tof/f]ksf] rqm rNof] . ;a}n] ;d:of sf]6\ofpg yfn] t/ ;dfwfgk|lt eg]
s;}n] rf;f] g} /fv]gg\ . xf] t lg; ;d:of sf]6\ofpg ;lhnf] x'G5, To;sf
lgldQ a'l4 g} rflx+b}g . t/ ;dfwfgsf pkfo vf]Hg uf¥xf] x'G5 h;sf nflu
dgdl:tis / a'l4 3f]6\g} k5{ .
o;} l;nl;nfdf ljleGg 5nkmn, sfo{zfnf / uf]i7Lx¿df efu

lnbf+lnb} d]/f] dgdf Pp6f s'/f p7\of] . lsg g]kfndf klg xfdLn] e|d0f jif{
;'¿ gug]{ < ;d:ofsf] l;h{gfTds pkrf/sf ljsNkx¿ lsg cjnDag
gug]{ < xfdLsxf“ pknAw clåtLo ;“f:s[lts, k|fs[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s :df/s,
/}yfg]kg, …cltlyb]jf] ejÚ sf] pRr ;“:sf/nfO{ lsg phfu/ gug]{ < xf], o:tf
lglj{sNk ljljwtfx¿nfO{, ;f“lu|nfx¿nfO{ xfdLn] cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g jhf/df
k'¥ofpg} ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . ;w}+ pxL ;u/dfyf / pg} lxdlzv/x¿nfO{ dfq
lsg k'g¿Qm, k|ltlalDat ul//xg] < g]kfnsf sGb/f, s'gfsfKrfdf 5l/P/
/x]sf ;'/Do bxx¿, tfntn}ofx¿, 3fdsf] Hof]lt kbf{ OGb|]0fLsf] cg'e"lt lbg]
;'Gb/ 5x/fx¿, ;'uGwo'Qm ljljw jg:klt, cGoq lj/n} kfOg] dgdf]xs
r/fr'¿ËLx¿ / b]zsf] x/]s efu / lhNnf–lhNnfsf cfºg} lsl;dn] o'uf}— +
o'ub]lv hLjGt ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/x¿, pk]Iff ubf{—ub}{ klg af“lr/x]sf ljljw
;+:s[lt Pj+ ;+:sf/–Jojxf/, cg'kd sf}zn— s'“lbPsf snfTds ckf/
;DkbfnfO{ xfdLn] cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . n'ls/fv]sf oL
b'n{e ;f+:s[lts Pj+ k|fs[lts j}ej / ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ Jofks k|rf/—k|;f/ ub{}
ko{6g ljsf;sf] k|;Ëdf ;/sf/, ;DalGwt lgsfo, pBdLx¿ / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] ;fd"lxs ;xeflutf h'6fpg d}n] …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú sf] dfWodnfO{
cToGt ;fdlos / pko'Qm 7fg]+ .
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b'O—
{ tLg dlxgf nufP/ …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú sf] ;Dk"0f{ ¿k/]vf sf]/]+,
vfsf tof/ u/]+, Pp6f :j¿k lbP“ . g]kfn e|d0f jif{ lsg ;+rfng ug'{k¥of],
ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 ljsf;df s;/L 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5, cfGtl/s
ko{6gnfO{ s;/L k|f]T;flxt ug]{, cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] hu a;fnL cGt/f{li6«o
ko{6gsf] s;/L la:tf/ ug]{, ko{6g dxf]T;j s;/L cfof]hgf ug]{, pT;jsf]
dfWodaf6 s;/L ;f+:s[lts k'ghf{u/0f ug]{ cflb—OToflb ;jfnnfO{ b[li6ut
u/L …g]kfn e|d0f jif{ sfo{qmdÚ th'{df u/]+ . sf]7fdf a;]/ sfuhdf dfq
of]hgf / sfo{qmd sf]/]/ s]xL x'“b}g . To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ dnfO{ To:tf
;fyLx¿sf] cfjZostf lyof] h:fsf] ljrf/ ;sf/fTds, af}l4s / sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 .
e|d0f jif{sf] cjwf/0ff kq d}n] ko{6g dGqfnosf tTsfnLg ;lrj

bLk]Gb|k'¿if 9sfn / ko{6g ljefusf dxflgb]{zs k|r08dfg >]i7nfO{
x:tfGt/0f u/]+ / pgLx¿l;t pT;fxk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf s'/f u/]+ . tL b'j}hgfn]
e|d0f jif{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/] . bLk]Gb| / k|r08 h:tf ;sf/fTds
b[li6sf]0f ePsf /fi6«;]jsx¿ g]kfnsf ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfodf e}lbPsf] eP
zfob g]kfnsf] cj:yf o:tf] x'g] lyPg . dnfO{ nfU5 pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf]
ko{6g pBf]unfO{ ko{6g pBdLn] eGbf a9L a'e]msf 5g\\, a9L hfg]sf 5g\\ .
b'j}hgfsf] ;xof]u / ;Nnfxaf6 d}n] g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf] k|:tfjgfsf] ¿kdf
k|:t't cjwf/0ffnfO{ kl/is[t :j¿kdf NofP“ . kl5 tTsfnLg ko{6g dGqL
rqmk|;fb jf“:tf]nfl;t klg e]6 u/]+ . jf“:tf]nfl;tsf] d]/f] ldqtf ToxL+b]lv
k|f/De ePsf] xf] . klxn] t xjfO{hxfh ckx/0f ug]{ JolQm s:tf xf]nfg\ eGg]
sf}t"xn lyof] ddf t/ lbdfusf r':t /x]5g\\ rqmk|;fb . x'g t cGo
/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ h:t} pgL klg c¿sf] s'/f ;'Gg]eGbf cfk}+m a9L af]Ng] uy]{
t/ pgsf] v'jL s] /x]5 eg] c¿sf] yf]/} s'/f ;'g]/ klg y'k|} s'/f a'‰g;Sg] .
cfwf 306fsf] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf pgn] a'lemxfn] …e|d0f jif{ sfo{qmdsf]
d"n;f/ / lgisif{Ú .
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;f]r
yfngLdfq u/]klg ko{6gsf] gof“ cWofo ;'¿ x'g ;S5 . ;kmn xf]nf
gxf]nf, xfdLn] olsg u/]sf lyPgf}+ t/ ljsf;sf] yfngL ubf{ To;af6
;sf/fTds k|ltkmnx¿ cjZo klg cfp“5g\\ eGg] xfdLn] ljZjf; u/]sf
lyof}+ . :ofnsf] lzsf/ ug{nfO{ af3sf] lzsf/df rflxg] tf/tDo h'6fpg
sf]lz; ul/of] . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] la:tf/b]lv gof“—gof“
xjfO{:ynsf] lgdf{0f, /fhdfu{ dd{tb]lv lnP/ v'nf cfsfz gLltsf] cjwf/0ff,
cfGtl/s ko{6gb]lv ;f:+s[lts dxf]T;j OToflb . g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf]
sfo{qmddf xfdLn] s~h':ofO“ gu/Lsg ko{6gsf] lj/f6 :j¿knfO{ k|:t't
u¥of}+ .
e|d0f jif{ s;/L ;+rfng ug]{ / ko{6g pBf]usf nflu s;/L cfa4
/ k|ltj4 u/fpg] eGg] kIfdf lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L d}n] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]+ .
e|d0f jif{sf] cjwf/0ff jf:tjdf ;g\ !((& nfO{ g} eg]/ tof/ u/]sf lyof}+
t/ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / cGo ;Da4 dGqfnox¿af6 ;xof]ufTds
k|ltlqmof cfPg . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf tTsfnLg Ps pkfWoIfn]

o:tf];Dd gsf/fTds k|ltlqmof lbP, æg]kfnsf] o:tf] c:tJo:t cj:yfdf
…g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú dgfP/ ko{6sx¿nfO{ emg\ gsf/fTds 5lj b]vfpg] <Æ of]
jfbljjfb k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] g]kfn ko{6g kl/ifb\sf]
a}7sdf ePsf] lyof] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u h:tf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{
;+:yfsf pkfWoIfaf6 hgtfn] NofPsf] kl/of]hgfnfO{ pT;flxt ug'{sf] ;§f
lg¿T;flxt ug]{ vfnsf ljrf/ cfp“bf dnfO{ b'Mv klg nfUof] . cfqmf]zdf
d}n] p7]/ eg]+, æolb g]kfnsf] jftfj/0fLo ;a} ;d:of ;'NemfPkl5 dfq g]kfn
e|d0f jif{ ;+rfng ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] krf; jif{ kv{g' k5{Æ .
k|wfgdGqL;lxt ;a} dGqLx¿, ;lrjx¿ pkl:yt ePsf] ;f] e]nfdf d}n]
lgw{Ss eO{ k"0f{ ljZjf;sf ;fy eg]+, æoL ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug]{
hfb"sf] k'l/of g} …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú xf] . tkfO{+x¿ lsg a'‰g'x'Gg < g]kfn
e|d0f jif{ ;+rfng u/]/ u'dfpg' kg]{ s]xL 5}g . 7"nf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf]
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;f]r
cfjZostf 5}g . h'gh'g dGqfnon] h'gh'g ljsf;sf] lgldQ vr{ u/]sf
5g\, ToxL ljsf;sf] wf/nfO{ of]hgfa4 Pj+ ;+of]lht 9¨n] dfq kl/rfng
ul/lbP k'U5 . tkfO{+x¿ cfnf]rs x'g'eGbf cl3 Psrf]l6 d]/f] of] k|:tfjgf
uDeL/ eP/ kl9lbgf];\, To;kl5 l6Kk0fL ubf{ d wGojfb lbG5' .Æ
jf:tjdf g]kfndf k|:tfjgfx¿ s;}n] k9\b}gg\ . lagfcWoog

5nkmndf s8f 6Lsf—l6Kk0fL ul/xfN5g\\ . j}7sx¿df ;a}nfO{ af]Ng}kg]{,
k|ltlqmof lbg}kg]{, c¿sf] v'§f tflgxfNg'kg]{ . t/ ;a}hgf To:tf klg
x'“bf/x]g5g\\, sf]xL sf]xL t gk9Lsg klg k|:tfjgfsf] efjgfnfO{ a'e]m/
;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof hgfpg ;Sg] /x]5g\ . k|wfgdGqL / ko{6gdGqL b'a}hgf
e|d0f jif{sf] k|:tfjgftkm{ cfslif{t x'gyfn] . a¿ e|d0f jif{ !((& df nfu"
ug'{sf] ;f6f] Psjif{sf] tof/Lkl5 !((* df nfu" ug]{ u/L /fli6«o ko{6g
kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t ul/of] . Tof] klg d]/f nflu :jLsfo{ lyof] . d dfq xf]Og,
o;df leqL x[bob]lv dnfO{ ;fy lbg] bLk]Gb|k'¿if / k|r08dfg c;fWo} v';L
eP . ca xfdLn] s]xL ug{ ;S5f}+ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL k"0f{ ljZj:t eof}+ . ko{6g
kl/ifb\sf] Tof] a}7s, d OdfGbf/L;fy eG5', xfd|f nflu ;~hLjgL jf sf]/fldg
lyof] .
g]kfn e|d0f jif{ !((* ;'¿ x'g s]xL lbgdfq af“sL lyof] t/ o;sf
nflu xfdLn] u[xsfo{ eg] ;q dlxgfcl3b]lv g} o'4:t/df ;'¿ ul/;s]sf
lyof}+ . e|d0f jif{ s'g} ljsf;] kl/of]hgf geP/ b]zsf] clwsf+z ;d:of Pj+
r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug]{ ax'cfoflds cleofg lyof] . ko{6gsf] gfdaf6
;dfg'kflts ljsf; ug]{ Pp6f axfgf lyof] of] . zx/b]lv b'u{d If]q;Dd,
k"jf{wf/b]lv jftfj/0f, /fhdfu{b]lv xjfO{dfu{, l/S;fb]lv /flqa; ;]jf,
6\ofS;Lb]lv xjfO{hxfh, dfUg]b]lv 7Ug] / cWofudgb]lv eG;f/;Dd ;a}
;d:ofx¿ e|d0f jif{;“u} uf“l;Psf lyP . tL ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg
…g]kfn e|d0f jif{ !((*Ú leq klxNofpg ;ls+b}g eGg] s'/f dnfO{ yfxf
lyof] .
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ko{6gsf] If]qdf ;d:of w]/} 5g\, Tof] s6' ;To xf] . t/, g]kfn e|d0f
jif{n] ;d:ofx¿ ;'Nemfpg] qmddf h] hlt k|of; u¥of], To;nfO{ ;d'b|df
Psyf]kf xf]Og, ufu|Ldf Ps c“h'nL kfgLsf] ¿kdf x]g'{ pko'Qm x'GYof] . t;y{,
g]kfn e|d0f jif{nfO{ d"NofÍg ubf{ xfdLn] lunf;df ePsf] kfgLnfO{ cfwf
vfnL g} 5 eg]/ xf]Og, cfwf el/O;s]sf] 5 eGg] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0f /fVg'
h?/L lyof] . g]kfn e|d0f jif{ Pp6f ;'¿cft lyof] . of] ;g\ !((* df ;lsg]
sfo{qmd geP/ lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof lyof] .
ha …g]kfn e|d0f jif{ !((*Ú nfu" ug]{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o
;dfrf/x¿af6 ;fj{hlgs eof], zfGt / gL/j tnfpdf Pp6f 7"nf] 9'Ëf
ºof“Sbf t/Ësf cgluGtL z[ª\vnf l;h{gf ePh:t} eof] . ;d'b|df ck|Toflzt
5fnx¿ pln{Ph:t} …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú k|lt cg]sy/Lsf l6Kk0fLx¿sf] g/f]lsg]
jiff{ g} cfpg yfNof] . sltn] o;nfO{ cfsfzsf] kmn eg]+, sltn] afn'jfsf]
dxn xf] eGg klg af“sL /fv]gg\ . s;}n] g]kfn h:tf] cGof]nu|:t /fhgLltsf]
af9Ldf …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú ;kmn gx'g] olsg ub}{ eljiojf0fL ug{
klg kl5 k/]gg\ . To;a]nf Psjif{sf] cNkfjlwdf kf“r nfv ko{6s Nofpg]
nIo ;/;tL{ afx\o cf“vfn] jf rd{rIf'n] dfq x]bf{ ;f“Rr} c;Dejh:t}
b]lvGYof] . s;}–s;}n] t olt;Dd klg eg], …kf“r nfv ko{6s Nofpg] tYofË
k'¥ofpg t lzj/flqdf cfpg] ;fw', ;GtdxGt, ef/taf6 cfpg] xs/ /
dfUg]x¿ klg ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ .Ú
uha /x]5 xfd|f] Pp6f afgL . sfd} gubf{ rflx+ s;}n] s]xL geGg]
t/ sfdsf] yfngL ugf{;fy t'?Gt} 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ug]{ g]kfnLx¿sf] afgL g}
/x]5 . Pstfsf ;u/dfyf eGg] klqsfdf d}n] …lelh6 g]kfnÚ sfo{qmdaf6
olt kmfObf p7fP“, plt kmfObf p7fP“ eg]/ d]/f] rl/qnfO{ g} xTof ug]{ u/L
lgDg:t/Lo kf/fn] s'g} Pp6f l/kf]6{/n] n]v]sf] lyof] . Tof] klqsfsf ;Dkfbs
d]/f] :s"nsf ;xkf7L lx/0onfn >]i7 lyP / pgnfO{ d}n] kqdfk{mt dgsf]
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tLtf] kf]v]sf] lyP“ . d}n] kqdf n]v]+, æ7Ls 5, dflg;n] cfnf]rgf ;xg'k5{ .
To;sf] d lj/f]wL xf]Og t/ rl/qxTof ug{ vf]Hg] vfnsf ufnLunf}h s]jn
e|i6n] dfq ;xg ;S5, d krfpg ;lSbg“ . d]/f] af/]df s'g ;Djfbbftfn]
n]Vof] jf s;n] n]Vg nufof], dnfO{ hfGg] OR5f 5}g lsgeg] v;LnfO{ s's'/
eg]/ 7Ug] 7ux¿l;t jfbk|ltjfb u/]/ d cfºgf] :t/ 36fpg rfxGg .
clxn];Dd d]/f] s'g} zq' 5}g eG7fg]sf] lyP“ t/ of] ;dfrf/ k9]kl5 xfd|f]
;dfhdf k|b"lift / ljs[t dgMl:ylt /fVg] ;f]rfOsf] sdL 5}g eGg] s'/f yfxf
kfP“ . cfk"mn] glrg]sf], ghfg]sf] JolQmaf/] n]Vbf s]xL ;f]wk'5 ug'{ kb}{gYof] <
Pshgf JolQmnfO{ OHht sdfpg aL;f}+ jif{ nfU5 . To;/L sdfPsf] OHht
If0fe/df xTof ug{ vf]Hg' Unethical dfq xf]Og Sadistic / Psychopathic klg
xf] .Æ ;f] kqdf d}n] k]ml/ n]v]+, æd]/f] cfly{s ;DkGgtfdf dnfO{ nfh 5}g
lsgeg] of] d]/f] kl/>dsf] sdfO{ xf] . t/ d gjwgf9\o h:tf] wgsf] cZnLn
k|bz{gL slxNo} ulb{g“ .Æ d}n] yk hfgsf/L lb+b} :ki6 u/]+, æd}
æ n] rnfPsf] 6Nn
6lNsg] uf8L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] xf]Og, d]/f] cfºg} xf] . d e|d0f jif{sf]
gfp“df Psk};f tna vf“lbg, sfof{nodf vfg] cfn' lrp/fsf] lgldQ klg
cfºg} k};f lt5'{ / e|d0f jif{tfsf ;+;f/df hxf“ klg 3'Dg uP“, cfºg} vr{df
uP“ . cfºg} k};fn] l6s6 lnP“, cfºg} k};fn] xf]6]ndf a;]+ . b'O{ jif{sf]
sfo{sfndf d}n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] Psk};f klg lnPsf] 5}g . s;}n] d}n]
lnPsf] k};fsf] Pp6f klg /l;b jf ef}r/ k]z ug{ ;S5 eg] To;sf nflu d
r'gf}tL lbg rfxG5' . lagfsf/0f, lagfk|df0f s;}sf] klg cgfof; rl/qxTof
ug{ vf]Hg' c/fhs ;dfhdf xf]nf t/ g}lts, ljj]sk"0f{ ;dfhdf :jLsfo{
x'“b}g . cfk"m :jo+ sfd ug{ g;Sg]x¿n] c¿nfO{ lsg xtf]T;fxL agfpg] <
sfd ug]{nfO{ ufnL ug'{ eg]sf] ;dfhnfO{ g} ufnL ug'{ xf] .Æ
slxn]sfxL+ dg / d'6'nfO{ g} l5ofl5of kfg]{ vfnsf 6Lsfl6Kk0fLx¿

cfp“5g\ . ljifoj:t' yfxf gkfpg] cgf8Lx¿af6 cfP t cfP t/ To:tf 5]p
g 6'Kkfsf k|ltlqmofx¿ cfºg} pBf]usf ;xsdL{x¿af6 cfP eg] To;a]nf dg
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;f]r
emg\ b'V5 . slxn]sfxL+ t x/]z klg vfG5' gfgfy/Lsf s'/f ;'g]/ / k9]/ .
Pstfsf b/af/dfu{sf Pshgf xf]6]n Joj;foLn] pgsf] xf]6]n k5fl8 s's'/n]
e's]/ kfx'gfx¿ ;'Tg g;s]sf] x'“bf dnfO{ /flt !! ah] 6]lnkmf]g ub}{ eg], …of]
s:tf] jflxoft e|d0f jif{ < s] o;n] s's'/nfO{ klg tx nufpg ;Q}mg <Ú
h'g ;d'bfosf lglDt of] e|d0f jif{ ;'¿ ul/Psf] lyof], pgLx¿ g} o;sf]
p2]Zo / k|lqmof a'¤b}gg\ eg] d o:tf] jflxoft sfddf lsg nfu]sf] x'“nf
eGg] h:tf] klg nfUYof] dgdf . jf:tjdf o:tf cfnf]rgf / 6Lsfl6Kk0fLaf6
klg an k|fKt x'“bf]/x]5, pmhf{ ylk+bf] /x]5 .
cGttM g]kfn e|d0f jif{ ;'¿ eof] Psbd w'dwfdsf ;fy . ;f/f
b/af/dfu{ / 6'+l8v]ndf lbgel/ 6«flkms aGb u/]/ nfvf}+ dflg;sf] hd36sf
;fy >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/ / a8fdxf/fgL ;/sf/sf] pkl:yltdf
pb\3f6g ;df/f]x ;'¿ ul/of] . To;kZrft\ x/]s dlxgfdf lhNnf lhNnfdf
e|d0f jif{ sfo{qmdx¿ /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf ;+rfng ul/of] . #^% lbgdf Ps;o
krf;j6feGbf a9L pT;j, d]nf, ;df/f]x ;+rfng ubf{ emG8} tL;—k}tL;
nfv hgtf e|d0f jif{df k|ToIf ;xefuL ag] . e|d0f jif{nfO{ ;xL dfg]df
;kmn ug{ d]/f] elth of]u]Gb|, uf}tdbf; >]i7, Zofd sIfklt, g/]Gb| ah|frfo{,
k|sfz >]i7, lbjfs/ /fhsl0f{sf/, k|bLk j}B cflbn] pNn]vgLo ;xof]u u/] .
kl5 e|d0f jif{sf pknlAwx¿ la:tf/} xfl;n ePkl5 6Lsfl6Kk0fLx¿ la:tf/}
;sf/fTds x'g yfn] .
…lelh6 g]kfnÚ s'Des0f{ h:tf] ;'lt/x]sf] ko{6gnfO{ Ao“e

' mfpg] k|of;
lyof] . lelh6 g]kfn af“emf] hldgdf xnf] hf]Tg] Pp6f k|lqmof lyof], cfk"ml;t
ePsf] dnhn k|of]u u/L olb jiff{t\sf] a]nf cfsfzaf6 kfgL ;do—;dodf
a:of]{eg] jif{sf] rf/ afnL vfp“nf, xf]Og eg] sd;]sd Ps—b'O{ afnL t
cjZo klg vfp“nf eGg] Pp6f k|of; lyof] . sf]lz; u/]/ s] lalu|of] t <
sfd u/]/ s] lalu|G5 < cfh sfd g;lsP ef]ln u/f}+nf t/ sfd t u/f}+ eGg]
b[9ljZjf;s} k|ltkmn lyof] g]kfn e|d0f jif{ .
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;f]r
e|d0f jif{sf] k|f/Deb]lv gl;l4P;Dd d}n] hlt sfd u/]+ Tolt sfd
d]/f] hLjgsfndf d}n] slxNo} u/s} lyOg . em08} lbgsf] aL; 306f;Dd klg
zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s tj/n] Jo:t /xg'kYof]{ / /xGy]+ klg . slxn] t /ft–
/fte/ d ;'Tg ;lSbgy+] . cf“vf t lrlDnGy]+ t/ lbdfun] sfd ul//fv]sf]
x'“bf]/x]5 . lbdfun] sfdubf{ d]/f b'Oj6} v'§fsf a"9L cf}+nf Pscfk;df
3f]l6O/x“bf /x]5g\\, n8fO{+ ubf{ /x]5g\\ . o;f]ubf{ dWo/ftdf ha vf6 xlNnbf]
/x]5 clg d]/L >LdtL æcF of] dfG5] t af}nfxf x'g nfUof] Sof/] †Æ eGb} csf]{
sf]7fdf ;'Tg hflGyg\ . ha ;Lldt ;|f]taf6 c;Lldt sfd ug{'kg]{ x'G5, k|foM
cj:yf o:t} x'G5 . t/ To:t}a]nfdf cToGt k|efjsf/L Pj+ 7f]; sfdx¿ klg
x'“bf/x]5g\\ . h;/L 3/sL >LdtLnfO{ s':t k};f lbP/ 3/ vr{ rnfp eGof]
eg] u[lxl0fn] rf}aL;} 306f 6]lnlehg x]b}{, 3fd tfKb} jf zLtndf cf/fd ub}{
jf 3/sf sfd c¿nfO{ nufP/ slxNo} l;h{gzLn aGg] sf]lz; ub}{gg\ . t/
ha uR5]cg';f/sf] k};f u[xl0fnfO{ dlxgfjf/L vr{sf] ¿kdf lbOG5 / oltaf6}
6fg'{ elgG5, ta pgn] t/sf/L sxf“ ;:tf] kfOG5, df;'sf] ;§f ;fu, d"nf
cem u'Gb|'s s;/L :jflbnf] tl/sfn] ksfpg ;lsG5 cflb s'/fx¿ l;lS5g\ .
wgaf6 dfq ljsf;sf ;a} sfd ug{ ;ls+b}g . slxn]sfxL+ sd k};f x'g]
kl/l:yltn] klg cj;/sf cg]s 9f]sf vf]N5g\ . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] sd
k};fn] emg\ ;[hgzLn sfo{x¿ ug{ ;lsG5 .
Pstfsf kfNkf—tfg;]gnfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJo:yn agfpg xfdLn]

dw'dtLsf] uLtnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ æ;'xfgf ;km/ cf}/ df};d sxL+, vf] gf hfP
xd kfNkfd] sxL+Æ n]v]/ kf]i6/ agfO{ uf]/vk'/, nvgplt/sf zx/ / /]Nj]
:6]zgx¿df 6f“:g nufof}+ . sd k};fdf ef/tLo ko{6g ahf/df kfNkfsf]
k|rf/ eof] . cfd g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fpg] p2]Zo cg'¿k
ef]6flx6L / wgs'6f h:tf ko{6sLo 7fp“ / ufp“x¿sf 3/wgLx¿n] cf—
cfºgf] 3/ cfk}+mn] g} /ª nufP/ ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t u/fpg] ;sf/fTds
k|lt:kwf{sf] k|f/De u/] . uhn /]i6'/]i6df uLt ;'g]/ of tf;dfq v]n]/ ;do
latfpg] g]kfnLnfO{ :jb]z e|d0f ug{, u/fpg cle?lr hufof] o;n] .
ljdfg:yndf u|Lg Rofgn vf]lnof], jiff}{+b]lv :ylut ljdfg:yn / /gj]x¿
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;f]r
agfOof] . 6'+l8v]nsf] af6f] rf}8f ug]{ cleofg ;'¿ eof] . :yfgLo
ljdfg:ynx¿nfO{ IF]qLo ljdfg:ynsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ul/of] . g]kfn
6]lnlehgl;t ;xsfo{ u/L tL;eGbf a9L ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynaf/] b'O{b]lv

kf“r ldg]6sf] k|j4{g—k|rf/sf ;fdfu|Lx¿ agfO{ k|rf/—k|;f/ ul/of] .
Ol08og 6]lnlehg / cGt/f{li6«o /¨sdL{x¿nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L g]kfndf
lkmNdx¿ agfpg nufOof] . g]kfn e|d0f jif{df ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{
sfo{qmdx¿sf] tLg;o k]h nfdf] clen]v tof/ eof], h'g oxf“ j0f{g ug{
;ls+b}g .
e|d0f jif{ sfo{qmd ;kmntfk"j{s ;+rfng ug{ z+s/ sf]O/fnf, 8f=

xl/ zdf{ h:tf cToGt OdfGbf/, lqmofzLn / ;/n JolQmx¿ cfºgf]
;xsdL{sf] ¿kdf kfPsf] lyP“ d}n] . e|d0f jif{ ;ldltdf sfd ug]{ xfdL kGw|–
aL; hgfeGbf a9L lyPgf}+ . t/ xf“;v]n ub}{ /dfOnf] jftfj/0fdf o;/L sfd
ul/of] ;do uPsf] kQ} ePg . 7"nf ;fgf ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿l;t Ps} kl/jf/sf
;b:ox¿e}+m Ps} 7fp“df cfn' t/sf/L, lrp/f, rfprfp, df;' vf“bf c;fWo}
:jflbnf] nfUYof] . slxn]sfxL+ aflx/af6 dMdM lemsfOGYof], x/]s lbg lkslgs
h:t} . d / 8fS6/ xl/ zdf{ gf} ah] g} sfof{nodf k'UYof}+ . klxnf] k|x/sf]
tLg 306f e|d0f jif{sf sfo{qmdl;t ;DalGwt dGqfno Pj+ ljefuaf6
;dGjo u/fpg' kg]{ sfdsf nflu tL clkm;x¿df wfpg] uYof}{+ . clg
l;+xb/af/sf] clkm;df cfP/ n]vfk9Lsf] sfd ul/GYof], k"/f tnaL sd{rf/L
h:t} . e|d0f jif{n] ;kmntfsf l;+9L pSnb} uPkl5 ljleGg dGqfnosf dGqL
/ ;lrjx¿l;t e]6\g uf¥xf] klg ePg . pgLx¿sf kL=P= nfO{ va/ lbgf;fy
dGqLx¿;“u e]6\g ;lsGYof] . g9f“6Lsg eGg'k5{, qmdzM ;DalGwt ;a}
dGqfno / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] e|d0f jif{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cfºg} sfo{qmd
eG7fgL lbnf]Hofgn] ;Sbf] ;xof]u u/] . jf:tjdf e|d0f jif{sf
nflu ug]{ ;xof]u s'g} gof“ / sl7g sfd lyPg, cfºg} dGqfno / ljefu
cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx¿ aLr /fd|/L ;dGjo ul/lbP k'UYof] .
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;f]r
e|d0f jif{tfsf dnfO{ ;aeGbf ;Gtf]if nfu]sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfd
d'lUnË—kf]v/f /fhdfu{ dd{t klg lyof] . Tof] /fhdfu{sf] cj:yf clt gfh's
lyof], dd{tsf] sfd lgs} l9nf] / ;':t rfndf e}/x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] bf];|f]
ko{6sLo uGtJo:yn kf]v/fsf] oftfoft Joj:yf ;'ud geOsg e|d0f jif{
;kmn x'g] s'/} lyPg . To;}n] ;f] /fhdfu{sf] dd{t sfo{ e|d0f jif{ ;'¿
x'g'cufj} k"/f u/fpg tTsfnLg lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqL ljhos'df/

uR5bf/sxf“ k'u]sf lyof}+ . tftf] lrof v'jfp“b} pgn] eg], æe|d0f jif{ t
;f“Rr} /fli6«o cleofg xf] lg s;f] < o;nfO{ t xfdL ;a} ldnL ;kmn
kfg}{k5{ .Æ o;f] eGb} d'lUn¨—kf]v/f /fhdfu{ dd{t ug]{ kfls:tfgL 7]s]bf/nfO{
tTsfn} af]nfP/ dGqL uR5bf/n] cfb]z lbP, ækf]v/f;Ddsf] dd{tsf] sfd
e|d0f jif{ ;'¿ ug'{eGbf cufl8 g} ;DkGg x'g'k5{ cGoyf tkfO{+sf] e'QmfgL
/f]lsg]5 .Æ x'g t uR5bf/nfO{ cg]s /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0fn] x]l/G5 t/ e|d0f
jif{df pgL h:t} c¿ g]tfx¿n] klg w]/} ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf lyP .
s'g} Ps JolQmdfq ;lqmo eP/ e|d0f jif{ h:tf] dxTjfsfª\IfL

/fli6«o cleofg ;kmn x'g ;Sb}gYof] . hgj/L Ps !((* df e|d0f jif{ ug]{
x'“bf, Tof] lbgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs labf 3f]if0ff ug{ nufpg xfdL df]xDdb
df]xl;gb]lv /fli6«o;efsf cGo kbflwsf/Lx¿sxf“ k'Uof}+, pgLx¿ ;a}n] k"0f{
;xof]u u/] . To;a]nf ldnLh'nL ;/sf/ lyof] . ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf k|wfgdGqL
x'g'x'GYof] . labf 3f]if0ff u/fpgsf nflu k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf klg xfdL
k'u]sf lyof}+ . d';'Ss xf“;]/ pxf“n] eGg'eof], ælab}—labf ePsf] of] b]zdf km]l/
csf]{ Pslbg labf † n—n x'G5 o;nfO{ t ;kmn kfg}{ k¥of] lg xf]Og /
s0f{hL <Æ s]xL dxLgf cl3dfq k|wfgdGqL yfkfsf] d'6'sf] uDeL/ zNolqmof
(Open Heart Surgery) ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf b/af/dfu{b]lv
l;+xb/af/;Dd k|wfgdGqL;lxt ;a} ;xefuLx¿ k}bn ofqf ug]{ sfo{qmd
lyof] . dnfO{ 8/ lyof], k|wfgdGqL yfkf lx8\g ;Sg'xf]nf ls gxf]nf . t/
c¿hlQs} nv/—nv/ kf] lx+8\g'eof] a'9f t . k|wfgdGqLn] d';'d';' xf“:b} ;f]
kbofqf ;dfkg ug'{eof] .
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;f]r
e|d0f jif{ !((* sf] k|f/Deb]lv g} ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ lagf/f]s6f]s ;Dkfbg

x'“b} uPsf lyP . Tof] x]/]/ dnfO{ ljZjf; nfu]sf] lyof,] ca of] e|d0f
jif{df s'g} cj/f]w cfp“b}g / s'g} clk|o 36gf klg x'“b}g . geGb} e|d0f jif{sf]
cjlwe/ s'g}klg cjf~5gLo b'3{6gfx¿ ePgg\ . g s'g} ljdfg b'3{6gf eof]
g t Clts /f]zg h:tf sf08x¿ g} eP . kq–klqsfdf dfcf]jfbLn] e|d0f
jif{nfO{ layf]Ng]5g\\ h:tf va/x¿ Jofks ¿kdf k|rf/ x'“bf klg
dfcf]jfbLaf6 sxL+ klg s'g} clk|o 36gf ePg . clw/fHosf ;Dk"0f{ c~rn,
clwsf+z lhNnf, ufp“—ufp“df g]kfn e|d0f jif{ /fli6«o kj{sf] ¿kdf

dgfOof] . jif{ lbgdf !%! j6f pT;j, dxf]T;j, k|bz{gL h:tf a[xb\
sfo{qmdx¿ ;kmntf;fy ;+rfng eP .
;Dk"0f{ uf8L dflnsx¿n] cfºg} vr{df e|d0f jif{sf] lrGx c+lst

nf]uf] / l:6s/ cf—cfºgf] a;, 6«s, 6\ofS;L / uf8Lx¿df 6f“;]/ o;nfO{
/fli6«o cleofgsf] ¿kdf dgfP“ . kl5 t uf8Ldf, nhnhdf l:6s/ 6f“:g]
nx/ g} rNof] . ;8s—;8sdf :jtM:k"mt{ ¿kn] cfºg} k};f vr{ u/L cf–
cfºgf] 3/ ;]tf] /Ën] kf]Tg] pT;fxLx¿ klg plQs} lgl:sP . nf]kf]Gd'v
gfrufg / ;“f:s[lts Pj+ wfld{s sfo{qmdx¿sf] k'ghf{u/0f eof] . e|d0f
jif{sf] csf]{ cb\e"t pknlAw xf], cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] ;'¿cft . ToxL a]nfb]lv
g]kfndf bf]xf]/L uLtsf] /fd|f] k]mzg rNg yfNof] . cfh sf7df8f}+df ;d]t
uhn /]:6'/]06x¿sf] ;§f bf]xf]/L uLtsf /]:6'/]06x¿ rNg yfNg'sf k5fl8
e|d0f jif{sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf 5 . e|d0f jif{sf ;Dk"0f{ pknlAw / cgluGtL
k|ltkmnx¿ Pp6f cWofodf JofVof ug{ ;lsGg . t/ of] sfo{qmdn] g]kfnsf]
ko{6g pBf]udf clj:d/0fLo 5fk 5f]8]/ uPsf] 5, sf]z]9'Ëf ;flat ePsf]
5 . o;f] eGg' cTo'lQm gxf]nf, rfnL;–krf; jif{sf] ko{6gsf] Oltxf;df
g]kfn e|d0f jif{n] Pp6f ;'vb cfofd yk]sf] 5 .
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;f]r
e|d0f jif{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n]
lghL pBdLx¿l;t ;dGjo /fvL b'O{ k|ltzt ko{6g z'Ns p7fP/ efjL
sfo{qmdsf nflu ko{6g af]8{sf] :yfkgf u¥of] . #! l8;]Da/ !((* df
:juL{o /fgL P]Zjo{sf] cfltYodf xg'dfg9f]sfsf] u2L a}7ssf] k|f¨0fdf
w'dwfd;“u ;dfkg ;df/f]x cfof]hgf ul/of] . xg'dfg9f]sfsf] klZrdkl§
d~r agfP/ eJotfsf ;fy ;dfkg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;a]nf /fgLsf] ;f]kmf u2L a}7ssf] klZrd a/G8fdf ;hfOPsf] lyof] .
klxn] t dnfO{ ofb} ePg . kl5 k"j{lt/ x]b}{ 8\of;af6 efif0f ug{ vf]Hbf d]/f
cf“vf cs:dft\ ;f]kmfsf] 7Ls dfly al;/x]sf y'k|} k/]jfx¿sf] ayfgdf k/] .
efif0f ubf{ub}{ dnfO{ 8/ nflu/x]sf] lyof], k/]jfsf] kmf]xf]/ /fgL dfly knf{ ls
eg]/ . t/ s'g} la£gafwf lagf e|d0f jif{sf] clGtd sfo{qmd klg
;kmntfk"j{s ;dfkg eof] . 8]9 jif{sf] cys k|of;kZrft\ Tof] lbg d]/f]
sf“waf6 Pp6f 7"nf] af]em x6]sf] d}n] cg'ej u/]+ . dgdf 7"nf] ;fGTjgf 5fof]
/ dnfO{ nfUof], g]kfndf rfxg] xf] eg] w]/} sfd ug{ ;ls+bf]/x]5 .
ko{6g Pp6f cToGt lqmofzLn pBf]u xf] . s]xL g s]xL

lqmofsnfkx¿ of] pBf]udf eO{ g} /xg' k5{ . oxL s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL d}n]
;g\ @))! sf nflu klg ;fxl;s v]ns'b ko{6g jif{ 'Sports Himalaya Year
2001' sf] Pp6f csf]{ k|:tfj >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lbP“ . g]kfndf e|d0f jif{
;dfkgsf] 7\ofSs} Ps jif{kl5 blIf0f PlzofnL v]ns"b klg ;kmntfk"j{s
;+rfng ul/of] . ef}lts, k|fljlws Pj+ dfgl;s b[li6sf]0fn] klg ca g]kfndf
cGt/f{li6«o Oe]G6x¿ cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pRr dgf]an hfu[t eof] .
Tof] cj;/ :kf]6{;\ lxdfno Oo/h:tf ko{6sLo Pj+ v]ns"b ;DaGwL
sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ug{sf nflu clt pko'Qm ;do lyof] . blIf0f Pl;ofnL
v]ns"bsf nflu ljleGg ldq/fi6«x¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 c/af}+ ¿k}of“ nufgL u/L
g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . tL
k"jf{wf/x¿nfO{ k|of]u ub}{, xfdLsxf“ pknAw hgzlQm / cfTdannfO{
kl/rfng u/L ;fxl;s ko{6g jif{sf] cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
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;f]r
;fxl;s ko{6gsf nflu g]kfn ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cfsif{s

uGtJo:yn x'g;S5 . o;df s'g} z+s} 5}g . ;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g ljZjsf
;dsfnLg cfw'lgs ko{6sx¿sf nflu ;aeGbf 7"nf] rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf]
5 . ljsl;t d'n'sdf #@ k|ltzt ko{6sx¿n] ;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6gdf
rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\\ . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t kj{tf/f]x0f, Dof/fy'g bf}8, Kof/f
UnfOl8ª, aGhL hlDkª, sfoflsª, Sofgf]lgª\ To:t} If]qLo:t/sf lqms]6,
k'm6an, …xfO{ clN6Ro'6 6]lg;Ú ;fy} xfQL, ofs / 3f]8f bf}8, kxndfg s':tL,
5]]nf] xfGg]], jf0f xfGg] cflb—OToflb k/Dk/fut v]nx¿ klg ;dfj]z u/]/
ko{6gsf nflu gof“ cfsif{0fsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
v]ns"b ko{6gsf] s'g} l;dfgf 5}g . t/ o;nfO{ a'¤g / hfGgsf

nflu ;[hgzLntfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . ;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g jif{sf]
cjwf/0ff tof/ ubf{ d}n] ljleGg lgsfol;t ;Dks{ /fv]sf] lyP“ . tTsfnLg
hd{g /fhb"tl;t n'Snfdf xfO{ clN6Ro'6 6]lg; Dofrsf] ;DefJotfaf/] s'/f

u/]sf] lyP“ . clS;hg sd ePsf] pRr e"—efudf 6]lg; v]Nbf hLp a9L
k"mlt{nf] x'g] x'“bf o;n] ljZjsf] Uo|f08:Nofd 6'gf{d]G6 v]Ng klg ;xof]u ug{
;S5 . olb g]kfndf xfO{ clN6Ro'6 6]lg; Dofrsf] ;'ljwf / ;x'lnot k|bfg
ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljZjsf Jofj;flos v]nf8Lx¿ cGt/f{li6«o k]z]j/ Dofr
v]Ng'cl3 g]kfndf cfP/ k|lzIf0f lng] ;Defjgf x'G5 . g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f
cfsif{s …lqms]6 e]Go"Ú agfpg] l;nl;nfdf Ol08ofsf dxfg\ lqms]6 v]nf8L
slknb]j g]kfn cfp“bf b]a|] / afof“ xftn] v]Ng] lqms]6 v]nf8Lx¿sf]
…sf7df8f}+ SNof;Ú gfddf cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 Dofrsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsg]
;Defjgfaf/] klg cWoog u/]sf lyP . v]ns"b ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfndf
v]ns"bsf] :t/ ljsf; ub}{ b]znfO{ ;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6gsf] uGtJo:ynsf]
¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] w]/} ;+efjgfx¿ Ps}rf]l6 lelqg]5g\ .
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;f]r
cfhsfn On]S6«f]lgs ldl8ofdf ;"tL{hGo r'/f]6sf] lj1fkgdf /f]s
nufOPsf] 5 . o;sf/0f r'/f]6 / /S;L pTkfbg ug]{ 7"N7"nf pBf]ux¿n]
clxn] k|z:t wg/flz v]ns"b k|fof]hgdf vr{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ;dodf
cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf v]ns"b k|ltof]lutfx¿ g]kfndf cfof]hgf ug{sf nflu
cfjZos cfly{s ;|F]t ;lhn} h'6fpg ;lsG5 . olb xfdLn] cGt/f{li6«o r];
;+3nfO{ cfJxfg u/]/ ;u/dfyf cfwf/lzlj/df r]; Uo|f08df:6/x¿nfO{
cfdGq0f u/L Dofr b]vfpg ;Sof}+ eg] To:tf] v]n cg]s cGt/f{li6«o
sDkgLx¿n] k|fof]hg ug{ ;S5g\ / tL DofrnfO{ e"—pku|xdfk{mt ;f/f
;+;f/sf 6]lnlehgx¿df k|ToIf k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . sNkgf u/f}+ t
;u/dfyfsf] k]mbLdf aa lkm;/ / sfkf]{:sf]eh:tf Uo|f08df:6/x¿sf] r];
Dofr clg ljZje/sf 6]lnlehg Rofgnx¿df To;sf] k|ToIf k|;f/0f † s]
o:tf sfo{qmdsf] k|fof]hg gy{k]m;, 8g Hofs]6n] gunf{g\ / < clg x'G5
g]kfnLsf] lz/ 7f8f] . cfsf+Iff 7"nf] /fVg' k5{, sfof{Gjog ug{ uf¥xf] 5}g
g]kfn h:tf] k|fs[lts :ju{df . Psl5g csf]{ sNkgf u/f}+ g . df]xDdb
cnLsL 5f]/L n}nf cnLnfO{ af]nfP/ kf]v/fdf dlxnf alS;ª k|ltof]lutf
cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsof] eg] To;sf] k|efj s:tf] xf]nf † kf]v/fsf] v'nf d}bfgdf
df5fk'R5«]sf] k[i7e"lddf n}nf cnLn] Dofr v]ln;s]kl5 cfºgf] d'v ?dfnn]
k'5\b} ysfO{ dfg{ 'Where is my coke ?' eGb} sf]s vfPsf] b[Zo b]vfpg] k|:tfj
sf]s sDkgLnfO{ lbOof] eg] s] Tof] sf]s sDkgLn] k|rf/—k|;f/sf] Tof] ;'j0f{
df}sf u'dfpnf t <
;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g jif{sf] cjwf/0ff tof/ kfbf{ d}n] oL

sfNklgs s'/f ;f]r]sf] dfq xf]Og, xfd|f k/Dk/fut v]nx¿nfO{ s;/L ljsf;
ug{ ;lsG5 / To;nfO{ ko{6g k|of]hgsf lglDt s;/L k|rf/ ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] tYonfO{ klg cWoog u/]sf] lyP“ . yfONof08df e}+;Lbf}8, rLgdf
uf]a|]ls/fsf] n8fO{+, dn]l;ofsf] …cfp68'c/ Sj]:6Ú n] clxn] ;+;f/sf] ko{6g
ahf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ul//x]sf 5g\\ . olb yfONof08sf] e}+;L bf}8n] ko{6snfO{
cfslif{t ug{ ;S5 eg] xfd|f] xfQL, ofs bf}8n] lsg :yfg gkfpg] <
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;f]r
jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] clxn];Dd xfdLn] ko{6gnfO{ …Oe]G6Ú sf ¿kdf ljsf;
ug{ ;s]s} 5}gf}+ . s'g} Pp6f b]zdf cfO{ 3'd]/ hfg' eg]sf] 8fo/Ldf n]Vg]
vfnsf] Pp6f 36gf dfq xf] h'g ko{6sx¿n] Psrf]l6 u5{g\ / lal;{G5g\\ .
t/ v]ns"bsf dfWodaf6 ko{6gnfO{ k|rf/ ub}{ n}hfg ;lsof] eg] o;n]
ko{6gsf] lbuf] ljsf; u5{ . v]n eg]sf] Psrf]l6 dfq v]ln+b}g, /dfOnf] eof]
eg] af/Daf/ v]lnG5 / v]ns} dfWodaf6 g]kfnnfO{ ljZjsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
uGtJo:yn agfpg ;lsG5 clg ko{6sx¿ oxf“ Psrf]l6dfq xf]Og, v]nx¿
v]Ng / x]g{sf lgldQ klg af/Daf/ cfp“5g\ .
;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g jif{sf] cfof]hgf g]kfnn] cfh ;s]g eg]
ef]ln, ef]ln ;s]g eg] kl;{ t ug}{k5{ . ;g\ @))! sf lgldQ of] k|:tfjgf
k]z ubf{ d}n] ;+of]hg ug{sf nflu cg'k /f0ffsf] gfd k|:tfj u/]sf] lyP“ .
cg'k ko{6gsf ;fy;fy} v]ns"b hut\df klg rlr{t JolQm lyP t/ pgsf]
c;fdlos lgwgaf6 of] ;Dej x'g ;s]g . kl5 s'df/ v8\u ljqmd zfx;“u
o;af/] s'/f u/]sf] lyP“ . t/ lsg xf] s'lGg, >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;fxl;s
v]ns"b ko{6g jif{sf] ;f6f] uGtJo g]kfn jif{ cfof]hgf u¥of] . x'g t ko{6g
ljsf;sf lgldQ s'g} g s'g} sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/L g} /fVg' k5{ . t/
uGtJo g]kfnsf] gf/fdf s'g} vf; bd eP h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . s'g}klg
ko{6g jif{ dgfpg] xf] eg] gf/f cfsif{s x'g'k5{, s'g} ljz]if p2]Zolt/ nlIft
x'g'k5{ / Tof] gf/fdf …kGrnfOgÚ x'g'k5{ .
lelh6 g]kfn jf g]kfn e|d0f jif{n] dnfO{ Pp6f 7"nf] kf7 l;sfof] .
cfºgf] cGt/fTdfnfO{ k|lta4 agfpg / ;dlk{t kfg{ ;lsof] eg] of] b]zdf
w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . sfd ug{ clwsf/ / zlQm rflx+b}g, cle?lr / ;dk{0f
rflxG5, a;\ . d t Pp6f ;fwf/0f Jofkf/L x'“, g t dl;t s'g} kb 5 g
clwsf/ . olb d h:tf] ;fwf/0f gful/sn] of] b]zdf olt ug{ ;S5' eg]
dGqL, ;lrj / 7"N7"nf cf]xbfdf a;]/ sfd ug]{ clws[tx¿n] rfx] eg] s] ug{
;Sb}gg\ <
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***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!%
lhGbuLsf] gof“ df]8

ækfls:tfgsL e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqL >LdtL a]glh/ e'§f] g]kfn cfp“bf Pslbg
kfs{ len]h xf]6]n, a'9fgLns07df lbjfef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;a]nf a]glh/ e'§f];“u d]/f] Pp6f /dfOnf] jftf{nfk ePsf] lyof] . clt
cfsif{s JolQmTjsL wgL / k/Lh:t} ;'Gb/L a]glh/sf] sf]dn / zLtn
xft;“u cfºgf] xft ldnfPkl5 7§f ub}{ d}n] a]glh/ e'§f]nfO{ eg]sf] lyP“,
ætkfO{+sf] ;Demgfdf ca of] xft d tLg lbg;Dd w'Gg .Æ (To cherish this
moment of your memory, I will not wash my hand for three days)
cln cln nfh / cln cln v'zLn] dVv k/]sf] a]glh/ e'§f]sf] d'xf/ :ki6
emlNsGYof] . dlxnf hlt;'s} /fd|L / ljlzi6 ePklg pgLx¿nfO{ jf:tjdf
x'¿Ss kfg{ Tolt uf¥xf] /x]g5 . 6fpsf]df cf]l9/fv]sf] u'nfaL dvdnsf]
3'D6f]nfO{ b'a} xftn] ldnfP/ b¨ eO{ a]glh/ e'§f]n] elgg\ 'What a clever man !
Thank you' Tof] a]nf z]/axfb'/hL / cf/h' klg ;“u} lyP / cf/h' d]/f] s'/f
;'g]/ dHhfn] xf“l;g\ .Æ
k}tfnL; jif{sf] pd]/df d]/f] hLjgsf] gof“ ;"o{ pbfof] . gof“

hLjg;fyL, gof“ ;f]r, gof“ hf]z, gof“ hf“u/, gof“ r'gf}tL clg gof“ ;Demf}tf
t/ ;Demf}tfsf] gfp“df wd{, sd{ / dd{nfO{ Tofu]/ xf]Og, Pp6f k"0f{ Gofof]lrt
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;f]r
tl/sf (With a great sense of judgement) sf ;fy hLjg latfpg sf]lz; u/]+ .
d clxn] 3/fo;L hLjgdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]/ Pp6f lktf, klt / ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{
Pp6f lhDd]jf/ cleefjssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] 5' . ;DkGgtf ;d[l4sf]
Pp6f ;"rs x'g ;S5 t/ o;nfO{ Wofg k'¥ofpg ;lsPg eg] >fk klg aGg
;S5 . ;DkGgtfsf] ejg nf]enfUbf] l;;}l;;fn] ag]sf] x'G5, x]bf{ 6nSs
6lNsg] t/ o;nfO{ leq jf aflx/af6 s;}n] klg 9'¨f ºof“s]/ ;lhn} k'm6fpg
;S5 . bf]wf/sf] lhGbuL latfpg]x¿ dh:t} efUodfgL x'G5g\ eGg ;lsGg .
d]/L kTgL, 5f]/f5f/Lx¿n] d]/f] b[9 / crn dgf]efjgfnfO{ a'e]msf 5g\ . ha
dflg; cf—cfºgf] clwsf/ / cfsf+Iffs} kl/lwleq a;]/ st{Jo lgjf{x u5{,
Toxf“ snx sd} x'G5 . of] dfg]df d w]/} efUodfgL 5' lsgls cfh kTgL /
5f]/f5f]/Lx¿s} k"0f{ljZjf; / ;xof]usf sf/0f d}n] gof“—gof“ sfd ug]{
k|]/0ffx¿ kfO/x]sf] 5' .
d efUodfgL o; dfg]df klg x“' lsgeg] krkGg jif{sf] nfdf]

hLjgofqf;Dd bfh' / lbbLx¿sf] ;flGgWodf a;]/ d}n] Pp6f ;+o'Qm
kl/jf/df ;'vk"j{s hLjg latfpg kfP“ . ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ k4lt Jofjxfl/s /
clt ;sf/fTds Joj:yf xf] . olb ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f sfod /fVg ;lsof]
eg] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] sdL–sdhf]/L / u'0f tyf ljz]iftfx¿nfO{
;Gt'ng ldnfP/ w]/} s'/fx¿ ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]/x]5 . s;}df s]xL sdL
sdhf]/L xf]nfg\ t/ cg]s u'0fx¿ klg ljBdfg x'G5g\ . h:tf] kf“rj6f
cf}+nfdf s'g} 5f]6f] 5 t s'g} nfdf] t/ 5f]6f] / nfdf] cf}+nfsf] ;+o'Qm k|of]uaf6
g} 7"N7"nf sfdx¿ x'G5g\\ . olb xftsf ;a} cf}+nf a/fa/ e}lbPsf] eP w]/}
sfd ug{ kSs} cK7\of/f] x'GYof] xf]nf . d]/f] kl/jf/df cfk;L :g]x, jfT;No,
dfof / k|]dnfO{ af“lw/fVg d]/L cfdfsf] 7"nf] / ct'ngLo e"ldsf lyof] .
/dfOnf] jftfj/0fdf Pp6} efG5fdf vfg], Vofn7§f ug]{, ;d:of k¥of] eg]
Pscfk;df ;Nnfx u/L ;'Nemfpg] . >LdtL la/fdL ePsf] a]nf d ljb]z
hf“bf 3/df bfh', efph', lbbL ePsf] x'“bf lgw{Ss;“u aflx/ a:g ;lsof] .
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pBf]u–Jofkf/sf] lrGtf lng' k/]g . ;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf] dxTj / dlxdf o:t}
;dodf dfq a9L cg'ej x'G5 . >LdtLsf] b]xfj;fgkl5 efph'x¿sf] :g]x /
dfofsf sf/0f d}n] PSnf]kgsf] cg'ej ul/g“ . efph'x¿n] g} d]/f n'ufkmf6f
wf]Olbg'x'GYof], tGgf ldnfOlbg'x'GYof] / laxfg cf“vf vf]Ng' cufl8 g} lrof
NofOlbg'x'GYof] . ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df ha;Dd ljZjf; / OdfGbf/L x'G5, ta;Dd
of]eGbf 7"nf] zlQm c¿ x'“b}g .
x'g t s'g}klg ;DaGw slxNo} PstkmL{ cfTdLo aGg ;Sb}g . Pp6f

xftn] dfq dfof / :g]xsf] tfnL aHb}g . c¿sf] dfof kfpg cfk"mn] klg
dfof ug'{ k5{ . d ;w}+ efph'x¿nfO{ TolQ g} dfof, :g]x / cfb/ u5'{ hlt
d]/f cfdf / lbbLx¿nfO{ u5'{ . d elthf, elthLx¿nfO{ cfºgf 5f]/f5f]/LeGbf
a9L dg k/fp“y]+ / pgLx¿nfO{ d]/f] cfºgf] ;kgfsf] ;fe]mbf/ klg agfp“y]+ .
pgLx¿sf] k9fO, n]vfO / eljiok|lt d ;w}+ lrlGtt /xGy]+ . d}n] lhGbuLdf
slxNo} cfºgf] :jf:gL / 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dfq eg]/ s'g} lrh lsg]sf] lyOg“, h]
lsg] klg ;a}nfO{ Ps}vfnsf / Tolt g} k};f kg]{ . dg, jrg / sd{sf]
wfuf]n] xfd|f] ;+o'Qm kl/jf/k|lt d]/f] st{Jo af“lwPsf] lyof] .
d]/L cfdfsf] :juf{/f]x0f kZrft\ xfdL bfh'efOsf] c+za08f ug'{kg]{

s'/f p7\of] . cflv/ Ps g Ps lbg cnu x'g}k5{ eGg] 6'Ëf]df xfdL k'Uof}+ .
lhGbuLsf] of] jf:tljstfaf6 6f9f hfg klg ;ls+b}gYof] . klxn] t cf+lzs
c+za08fdfq ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of}+ . t/ To; lsl;dsf] c+za08faf6 eljiodf
af“8kmf“8 ubf{ emg 7"nf] vt/f x'g ;Sg] ePsf] x'“bf xfdLn] ;+rfng eO/x]sf]
skf]{/]6 lahg]znfO{ ;+o'Qm¿kdf oyfjt g} rnfO{ a“fsL rn—crn
;DklQdfq af“8\g] ;f]r klg NofOof] . t/ Tof] klg Jofjxfl/s b[li6sf]0fn]
cln ;Dj]bgzLn h:tf] b]lvPkl5 ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] g} c+za08f ug]{ lgwf] eof] .
lhGbuLe/ ;“u} a;]/ xfdL bfh'efOn] eljiodf s'g} klg la£gafwf cfpg]
vfnsf hf]lvd lng rfx]gf}+ . tTkZrft\ s]xL lbgleq} cfk;L ;dembf/L Pj+
;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQsf] af“8kmf“8 ljgfem}emu8f, ljgf—
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dgd'6fj ;Dkfbg ul/of] . eljiodf s'g} t';\ af“sL g/xf];\ eGg] d"n s'/fnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL j}1flgs tl/sfn] ;a} hfoh]yf b'O{ efudf 5'6\ofOof] / uf]nf
k|yfåf/f c+za08f ul/of] . c+za08fsf] dfdnf cToGt hl6n / emGeml6nf]
x'g] u5{ t/ cfh xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{ s] uj{ 5 eg] xfdLn] oltsf pBf]uwGbf
ljgfem~em6 af“8kmf“8 ug{ ;Sof}+ hjls Ps O~rL hUuf / Pp6f blngsf
lglDt klg cfhsfn sltko bfh'—efO jiff}{jif{;Dd d'2f v]lk/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
kRkGg jif{;Dd ;“u} a;]/ Ps}rf]l6 5'l§g' cjZo g} ;lhnf] lyPg .

s]xL lbg g/dfOnf] klg nfUof] . kl5 :jfefljs ¿kd} cf—cfºgf] sd{ /
bfloTjsf] af]w x'g yfNof] . rfnL; jif{;Dd pBf]udf lqmofzLn e};s]kl5

km]l/ Psrf]l6 lhGbuLsf] bf}8df efu lng dg nfUof] . x'g t xfdLnfO{ ;a}
k'UYof] t/ cflv/ rfxgf g xf], sxf“ t[lKt x'g' / † c+za08f cufl8 cfºgf]
cfuGt's sf8{df tLg—rf/j6f xf]6]nx¿sf dflns eg]/ n]lvGYof] . k/Gt'
ca cfP/ Ps}rf]l6 Pp6fdfq xf]6]ndf ;Lldt x'g'kbf{ s]—s] gk'u]sf] h:tf]
nfUof], Psk|sf/sf] ps';d's'; cg'ej ug{ yflnof], dGqL avf{:t ePkl5
56k6fPh:t} . ca s;/L cufl8 a9\g] eGg]df lrQ tNnLg eof] . 5f]/f5f]/L,
hxfgkl/jf/ / ;fyLefOl;t ;Nnfx u/]+ . s;}n] eg] g]kfnsf] cj:yf /fd|f]
5}g, /fhgLlt cGof]nu|:t 5, ef]ln s] x'G5 s:tf] x'G5 yfxf
5}g . To;}n] clxn] s]xL ug'{ x'“b}g, kl5 ljrf/ k'¥ofP/ sfd ug'{k5{ .
v} s] xf] s] † t/ dnfO{ eg] ps';d's';n] 5f]8\b—} 5f]8]g . /ftdf

lgb|f gnfUg];d]t x'g nfUof] . o;/L sfd gu/L nfdf] ;do a:bf kl5 sfd}
ug{ ;ls+b}g eGg] s'/f dnfO{ /fd|/L x]Ssf lyof] . lbdfu Pp6f d]lzg h:t}
xf], lvof nfUof] eg] o:fn] sfd} ub}{g . To:t} lbdfu Pp6f Ogf/ h:tf] klg
xf], h;af6 kfgL lg/Gt/ lemls/flvof] eg]+ ;|f]tsf] lgsf; k'm6]/ :jR5 kfgL
pd|]/ cfO/xG5 t/ Toxf“af6 kfgL lemlsPg eg] Tof] Ogf/ kl5 ;'s]/ hfG5 .
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d d]/f] lbdfusf] Ogf/ ;'sfpg rfxGg . sfd ug{ 5f]8\of] eg] o;df lvof
nfU5 clg kl5 sfd ug{ vf]Hbf o;n] sfd} ub}{g .
h'g;'s} sfd ;dod} ug'{k5{ . pT;fx / pdË cfPsf] a]nf ug'{k5{ .

/fd|f] ;do cfpnf eg]/ slt kv]{/ a:g] < g]kfnsf] l:ylt t'¿Gt ;'lw|G5
h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . of] åGå j:t'tM Pp6} s'/fsf] pkh kSs} klg xf]Og .
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s c;Gt'ngsf] ;+o'Qm pkh xf] of] . o;f] x]/f}+ t,
;+;f/sf clwsf+z efudf JofKt 5 of] bzf . of] åGå klxn] ;'lNemPnf / clg
sfd u/f+}nf eg]/ a:g' a'l4dfgL 7flgg“ d}n] . b'O6} 5f]/fnfO{ /fv]/ 5nkmn
u/]+ . lg0f{o klg lnof}+, kl/l:ylt h:tf];'s} xf];\ pBf]u la:tf/ ub}{ hfg] .
h]7f] 5f]/fnfO{ n'lDagLdf k7fP/ Toxf“ ePsf] hUufdf gof“ xf]6]n lgdf{0f ug]{
lhDdf lbP“ . sfG5f] 5f]/fnfO{ sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;df lbgsf] !* 306f sfd
ug]{, k'/fgf kfx'gfnfO{ ;Dks{ ub}{ gof“ kfx'gfnfO{ ;fyL agfp“b} hfg] / dd{t
sfo{x¿ wdfwd yfngL u/L xf]6]nnfO{ a9L cfsif{s agfpg] lhDd]jf/L lbP“ .
b'O6} 5f]/fx¿nfO{ eg]+, leq nufPsf] u~hL / c08/j]o/x¿ kl;gfn] lgy|'Ss
gleh];Dd sfd ug"{, ljj]s g5f]8\g", a'l4 nufpg" / cfOkg]{ ;d:ofsf] cfkm}+
;dfwfg ug"{ . 5f]/fx¿nfO{ cfºg} v'§fdf pleg / ddf e/ gk/L cfºg}
lsl;dn] pBf]u ;+rfng ug{ lhDd]jf/L lbP“, lsgls 7"nf] ?v d'lg ;fgf]
la¿jf x'ls{b}g eGg] cfxfg a'¤5' d .
d cfk"mn] a'9fgLns07l:yt hUufdf cfºgf] OR5f / dg cg';f/sf]

xf]6]n lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDdf lnP“ . cfheGbf kGw| jif{ klxn] stf—stf dnfO{
nfu]sf] lyof], ;g\ @))% kl5 zx/leqeGbf rqmky aflx/ ko{6g pBf]u
ljsl;t x'“b} hfg]5 . ko{6sx¿ klxn] zx/leq a;]/ ufp“x¿df b[Zofjnf]sg
ug{ hfGy]+ eg] kl5 ufp“ 3/df a;]/ zx/leq b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ hfG5g\\ .
a'9fgLns07 dnfO{ klxn]b]lv dg k/]sf] 7fp“ klg xf] . blIf0f df]x8fsf] kxf8L
e]u ePsf] x'“bf laxfgb]lv ;f“em;Dd 3fd nflu/x]sf] x'G5 Tof] 7fp“df .
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lqz"nLsf] vf]+raf6 lg/Gt/ alu/xg] :jR5 / zLtn xfjfn] Toxf“sf] b"lift
jftfj/0fnfO{ p8fp“b} k/—k/ n}hfG5 . lzjk'/Lsf] ljzfn kxf8 / Toxf“
ePsf ljljw k|hfltsf jg jg:klt;d]tn] e/kbf]{ hnfwf/sf] sfd ul//x]sf
5g\ . kfgL :jR5 5 . ;aeGbf 7"nf] s'/f lzjk'/L / a'9fgLns07 cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s:ynx¿ ePsf] x'“bf Toxf“af6 afudtL / lai0f'dtL aUb} zlQm
kL7x¿sf] k|f/De x'G5 . Tof] 7fp“df k|s[ltl;t ;fd~h:o u/L Pp6f
jftfj/0f d}qL xf]6]n (Eco Friendly Hotel) agfpg] klxn]b]lv g} 7"nf] OR5f
lyof] / gfd klg kfs{ len]h g} /fVg] d]/f] ;kgf lyof] .
t/ ;kgf dfq eP/ sxf“ k'U5 / † ;a} kl/jf/sf] ;xof]u / ljZjf;

klg rflxGYof] . ljleGg cj/f]wsf sf/0f d}n] Toxf“ l/;f]6{ agfpg] cj;/
kfPs} lyOg . jf:tjdf oxf“ s:tf] xf]6]n agfpg' knf{ eGg] kl/sNkgf d}n]
bzjif{ klxn] g} ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . ejgx¿ sxf“—sxf“ aGg'k5{, af6f] sxf“
x'G5, kf}8L kf]v/L stf aG5, a[xb\ ;Dd]ng sIf stf agfpg] h:tf
df]6fdf]6L gS;f / jf:t'snfsf] :j¿k d}n] klxn] g} lbdfudf sf]l/;s]sf]
lyP“, ;f] cg';f/ d}n] s]xL agfO{ klg ;s]sf] lyP“ . a[If/f]k0f klg u/]+ . jg
ljz]if1 ePsf] gftfn] Toxf“ ¿v /f]Kbf dnfO{ c;fWo} cfgGb cfp“Yof] . x/]s
jiff{ofddf s§' nufP/ emdemd kfgLdf leh]/ la¿jf /f]Kg' d]/f]] ;f]v g} lyof] .
kfs{ len]hdf clxn] ;txQ/ hftsf tLg xhf/eGbf a9L la¿jfx¿

5g\\ . lzjk'/Lsf] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] hËnaf6 ljleGg hftsf r/fx¿ cfP/
xf]6]nsf ¿vx¿df af; a:5g\\ . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ jf ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf
d}n] o; xf]6]ndf Pp6f l;4fGt ckgfPsf] 5', Tof] s] xf] eg] gb]lvg] u/L
k|s[ltn] xf]6]nsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ …8f]ldg]6Ú u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . kfs{ len]h xf]6]n
lgdf{0fsf qmddf clxn] d}n] a6'n]sf] csf]{ cfgGb s] xf] eg] d}n] Toxf“ ca
s]xL ug{ c¿ s;}l;t klg ;f]lw/xg' kb}{g . lgdf{0fsf nflu vr{ ubf{
s;}nfO{ elg/xg' kb{}{g . dgdf / lbdfudf h] gS;f sf]l/Psf] 5, To;nfO{
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;f]r
hldgdf ptfg{ kfpg'eGbf /dfOnf] / ;lhnf] If0f c¿ s] xf]nf < o:tf]
/dfOnf] l:yltdf lbgsf] kGw|306f sfd ubf{ klg ysfO{ nfUb}gYof] ha cfºg}
/x/n] ul//x]sf] x'Gy+] . Pp6f pBdLn] cfk"mn] eg] h:t} pBf]u ug{ kfof] eg]
Tof]eGbf a9L /dfOnf] s] x'g ;S5 < clxn] kfs{ len]h xf]6]n lgdf{0fsf
qmddf d]/f] kl/jf/n] dnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ljZjf; u/]sf] 5 / zfob oxL ljZjf;sf]
kl/0ffd:j¿k d}n] oxf“ cfºgf] cfTdfnfO{ ;fIfL /fvL sfd ug{ kfPsf] x'“bf
o; kfs{ len]hdf d]/f] JolQmTjsf] cfef; kfOG5 eg]/ d]/f 5f]/fx¿n] eGg]
u5{g\ .
tLg jif{sf] cys k|of;kl5 ;a} xf]6]nx¿sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg

eof], t'¿Gt} ;+rfngdf klg cfOxfn] . g]kfnsf] tTsfnLg kl/l:yltnfO{ x]/L
ko{6gsf] eljio /fd|f] x'g ;Sb}g egL w]/}n] z+sf u/]sf lyP . t/ @))# sf]
cGt cGtdf cfOk'Ubf g]kfnsf] ko{6g pBf]udf km]l/ cfzfsf] d'gf knfof] .
klxn] t g]kfndf cfpg ko{6sx¿ lgs} 8/fPsf lyP . b'O–{ tLg jif{;Dd
klv{P klg t/ g]kfn cfpg] k|uf9 OR5fnfO{ pgLx¿n] w]/} ;do /f]Sg} ;s]gg\
kmn:j¿k @))# ;fndf ko{6g g]kfndf cfzf u/]sf]eGbf w]/} /fd|f] eof]
ko{6gsf] eljio ;w}+ pHHjn 5 . cfw'lgs ;Eo dflg; ;w}+ Pp6} sf]7fdf
u'lD;P/ a:g ;Sb}g . ha—ha pl;t vr{ ug]{ cf}sft jf qmozlQm a9\b}
hfG5, tata p;nfO{ cfºgf] jf;:yfgeGbf aflx/ 6f9f–6f9fsf ;'b/"
7fp“x¿df 3'Dg] cbDo OR5f hfu[t x'G5 .
g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpg] ko{6sx¿ klxnf]kN6 ;jf]{Rr lxdlzv/

;u/dfyf / cGo dgf]/d lxd>[+vnf g} x]g{ cfp“5g\\ . kl5 pgLx¿ ha
oxf“sf dflg;l;t s'/f u5{g\, oxf“sf] hLjgz}nL;“u ;fIffTsf/ u5{g\, x]bf{
u/La t/ cGt/fTdfdf eg] v';L / k|;Gg b]lvg] oxf“sf dflg;sf] cltlylk|o
Jojxf/ cfTd;ft\ u5{g\, clg ko{6sx¿ g]kfndf bf];|f—
] t];|f] kN6dfq xf]Og,
af/Daf/ cfp“5g\\ . @))# df cfpg] ko{6sx¿nfO{ lgofn]/ x]bf{ o:tf
260
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;f]r
ko{6sx¿ kfOP hf] klxn] klg cfO;s]sf lyP . slt hgf t bf];|f] t];f]kN6
dfq xf]Og, rf}yf] kN6 cfPsf lyP . g]kfn Pp6f o:tf] uGtJo:yn e};s]sf]
5 ljZjdf, ko{6sx¿ oxf“ cfp“bf g]kfn}dfq eg]/ cfpg] u5{g\ . klxn] ef/t
/ a}+sssf] e|d0f ug]{ qmddf af6f]df kg]{ x'“bf …;fO8 l6«kÚ sf ¿kdf dfq
cfp“y], clxn] t ef/tsf clwsf+z 7"nf–7"nf 6«fen Ph]06n] klg ef/tsf]
e|d0f u/fpg g]kfnsf] gfd ;dfj]z u/]/ kf;f] yfKg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\\ .
xfdL g]kfnLsf nflu of] uj{ / 3d08sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 .
ko{6g IF]qsf] pHHjn eljio b]v]/ g} of] If]qdf cfºgf] zf/Ll/s Pj+
dfgl;s Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd cfºgf] st{Jo k"/f ug{ d pBt ePsf] x"“ . ko{6g
pBf]udf yk ;+efjgfx¿ leq\ofpg xf}l;Psf] 5' . eujfg\sf] s[kfn],
cfdfa'jfsf] cfzLjf{bn] d}n] h] hlt ug{ ;s]+, u/]+ . d]/f] lbdfudf s'g}
lsl;dsf] af]em 5}g . lhGbuLdf d}n] lbg]afx]s lng] u/]sf] 5}g . d]/f]
;aeGbf ;'v / ;Gt'li6 o;}df 5 . k};fl;t d]/f] slQ klg 3[0ff 5}g, k};f
rflxG5 t/ k};}dfq lhGbuLsf] d"No, dfGotf / cfsif{0f xf]Og . d s'g}klg
sfd ubf{ k};fsf] lglDtdfq ug{ rfxGg . s] s'/f kSsf xf]eg] sfd ubf{
dnfO{ /dfOnf] x'g}k5{ . cfk"mnfO{ /x/ gnfu]sf] sfddf d kf“r ldg]6 klg
nfUg ;lSbg“ . t/ Psrf]l6 dgn] lg0f{o u/]kl5 dWo/ftd} ;"o{ pbfpg'kg]{
d]/f] afgL 5 .
cfºgf] klg ToxL afgL / sf]xL To:t} l;h{gzLn, ljsf;k|]dL / kv{g

g;Sg] JolQmx¿ b]v]+ eg] d pgLx¿k|lt t'?Gt} cfslif{t eOlbG5' .
g]kf]lnogn] eg] h:t} A man is like a woman who always loves a man -dflg;
klg cfOdfO{ h:t} xf] hf] ;w}+ db{nfO{ dg k/fp“5g\_ . 6'“l8v]n jl/kl/sf]
af6f] rf}8f kfg]{ s'/fnfO{ g} lnp“m . d}n] sltrf]l6 kL=Pn= l;+xnfO{ o;af/]
cg'/f]w u/]+ t/ pxf“x¿n] a'¤g'ePg jf o;nfO{ k|fyldstf g} lbg'ePg .
s]zj :yflkt d]o/ ePkl5 pgn] t'?Gt} of] sfo{nfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/xfn] .
;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] sf7df8f}+sf nflu s]zj cToGt pko'Qm d]o/ x'g\ .
261
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;f]r
pgnfO{ yfxf 5, s'g sfd ubf{ hgtfnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ .
hgtfsf] Wofg cfsif{0f ug]{ snf pgnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 . x'g t ;}4flGts
b[li6n] :yflktsf] / d]/f] km/s—km/s l;4fGt / dt xf]nf t/ sf7df8f}+sf
nflu :yflkt h:tf] ultzLn d]o/ csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g . pgsf] /fd|f] u'0f pgL
;kgf b]Vg ;S5g\, ;kgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] Ifdtf klg 5 pgdf . t/
slxn]sfxL+ eg] cln a9L ;kgf b]Vg] afgL 5 pgsf] . tyflk pgn] sltko
;kgfx¿ ;fsf/ kf/]/} b]vfPsf 5g\ . slxn]sfxL+ d cfk"mnfO{ s]zj
:yflktl;t bf“Hg vf]H5', ;kgf b]Vg] / ;kgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf . t/
ddf ;fd, bfg, b08, e]b ckgfP/ sfd ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf eg] 5}g .
s]zj :yflkt d]o/ x'g'eGbf klxn] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf]

r'gfjdf d]o/ kbdf s+u|];sf] tk{maf6 p7\gsf nflu dnfO{ To;a]nf
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] cke{m6 kmf]g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof],
æzfSohL tkfO{n] sf7df8f}+sf] d]o/df p7\g'k¥of] .Æ d csdSs k/]+ .
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ d}n] slxn] klg e]6]sf] lyOg“ . d}n] kmf]gaf6 pxf“nfO{
eg], æxh'/, dnfO{ lsg <Æ pxf“n] eGg'eof], ætkfO{+sf] af/]df d}n] w]/} ;'g]+ .
tkfO{ k9]n]v]sf] dfG5], ljjfbf:kb klg x'g'x'Gg / tkfO{{+n] s]xL sfd u/]/
cfºgf] Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 .Æ d}n] pxf“nfO{ eg], æv} xh'/ d t
/fhgLlts k|f0fL g} xf]Og, sxf“ d}n] d]o/sf] kb ;DxfNg ;S5' / †Æ pxf“n]
km]l/ eGg'ef] æd]o/ kb /fhgLlts xf]Og, Joj:yfkgsf] xf] .Æ k|wfgdGqL
h:tf] JolQml;t s'/f ubf{ æx'G5Æ eGg ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ æx'“b}gÆ eGg c;fWo}
uf¥xf] . æd xh'/nfO{ ef]ln laxfg e]6\g cfp“5'Æ, d}n] eg]+ . æn /fd|/L
;f]Rgf];\ x}Æ eg]/ pxf“n] 6]lnkmf]g /fVg'eof] . t'¿Gt d}n] b'O{hgf ldql;t
s'/f u/]+ . bLk]Gb|k'¿if 9sfnn] æn s0f{ o;df ljrf/} gu/, of] sfd ltd|f]
xf]Og, o;df nfUof} eg] clxn];Dd ltdLn] kfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljZj;gLotf vQd
x'G5Æ eg] . csf]{ ;fyL 8f= zlzgf/fo0f zfxn] eg], æv} s0f{hL lng] / <
lsg rflxof] tkfO{nfO{ of] . cfºg} Toltsf sfd 5g\ . tkfO{+sf] cfºgf] sfd
262
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;f]r
s;n] ;DxfNg] <Æ d]/L >LdtL ;'zLnfn] t æof] t x'“b— } x'“b}g, ;f]Rg} kb}{gÆ
elgg\ . ;a}sf] k|ltlqmof ;'g]kl5 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] 3/df uP/ cfdg] ;fdg]
æd ug{ ;lSbgÆ eGg] cf“6 cfPg . clg ef]lnkN6 laxfg} 5 ah] ;'zLnf;lxt
kf]v/flt/ efluxfn]+ . tTkZrft\ ;w}+ e}+m 3fGb'|stkm{ nfu]+ .
lsg xf] s'lGg † To;kl5 z]/axfb'/hLn] dnfO{ emg dg k/fpg

yfNg'eof] . zfob d]/f]af/]df pxf“sL >LdtL cf/h' b]pjf /f0ffaf6 pxf“n] s]xL
a'¤g'ePsf] x'g;S5 . ;+/If0f If]qdf sfd ubf{ cf/h'l;t d]/f] /fd|} lrgfkrL{
lyof] . xfdL Ps csf{nfO{ cfb/ uYof}+{, k]zfut ;Ddfg klg uYof}{+ . pgsf]
af}l4s Ifdtf pRr 5 / pgL ;a}nfO{ x“;fP/ kl/j]znfO{ g} hLjGt kfg{
;lS5g\ .
kfls:tfgsL e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqL >LdtL a]glh/ e'§f] g]kfn cfp“bf

Pslbg kfs{ len]h xf]6]n, a'9fgLns07df lbjfef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
lyof] . To;a]nf a]glh/ e'§f];“u d]/f] Pp6f /dfOnf] jftf{nfk ePsf] lyof] .
clt cfsif{s JolQmTjsL wgL / k/Lh:t} ;'Gb/L a]glh/sf] sf]dn / zLtn
xft;“u cfºgf] xft ldnfPkl5 7§f ub}{ d}n] a]glh/ e'§f]nfO{ eg]sf] lyP“,
ætkfO{+sf] ;Demgfdf ca of] xft d tLg lbg;Dd w'Gg .Æ (To cherish this
moment of your memory, I will not wash my hand for three days)
cln cln nfh / cln cln v'zLn] dVv k/]sf] a]glh/ e'§f]sf] d'xf/ :ki6
emlNsGYof] . dlxnf hlt;'s} /fd|L / ljlzi6 ePklg pgLx¿nfO{ jf:tjdf
x'¿Ss kfg{ Tolt uf¥xf] /x]g5 . 6fpsf]df cf]l9/fv]sf] u'nfaL dvdnsf]
3'D6f]nfO{ b'a} xftn] ldnfP/ b¨ eO{ a]glh/ e'§f]n] elgg\ 'What a clever man !
Thank you' Tof] a]nf z]/axfb'/hL / cf/h' klg ;“u} lyP / cf/h' d]/f] s'/f
;'g]/ dHhfn] xf“l;g\ .
vfgf vfO;s]kl5 au}+rfdf uP/ d, z]/ axfb'/hL / Pshgf e"tk"j{

dGqL /fhgLlts kl/j]zsf s'/f ug{ yfNof}+ . d}n] lh1f;f /fv]+, æxf]Og xh"/,
263
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;f]r
cfhsn cvaf/x¿df tkfO{+sf efif0f, dGtJo / b[li6sf]0fx¿ k|foM b]vf
kb}{gg\ lg † sy+sbflrt\ b]vf kl/xfn] klg k|m06 k]hdf xf]Og, Jofs k]h jf
leqL k]hdf, Tof] klg ;fgf] x]8nfOgdf . t/ c¿ g]tfx¿sf] eg] k|m06 k]hdf
7"nf x]8nfOgdf e/df/ cfp“5g\ lg, lsg <Æ d]/f] sf}t"xn / rf;f] ;'g]/ pxf“
;x;f :tAw x'g'eof] / Psf]xf]/f] cf“vf nufP/ d]/f] pTs07fk|lt ;xdlt
hgfpb} eGg'eof], æTo} t eG5' d klg † kqsf/x¿n] d]/f s'/fx¿ lsg
l6Kb}gg\ lul/hfafa'nfO{ h;/L † 5Ss k5'{ d .Æ k"j{ dGqL rflx+ r"k nfu]/
xfd|f] s'/f Ps6sn] ;'lg/x]sf lyP .
b]pjfsf] ;f]emf] s'/f ;'g]/ cgfo; d}n] Pp6f k|:tfj /fv]+, ætkfO{s
+ f
k};fjfn ;dy{sx¿l;t cln cln k};f hDdf u/L 7"nf cvaf/df cfºgf]
ljrf/nfO{ k|fof]hg u/]/ 5kfpgf];\ g, tfls tkfO{+sf] efjgf dflg;x¿n]
7Dofpg ;s'g\ .Æ d]/f] k|:tfj ;'g]/ tL k'/fgf dGqL b¨dfq ePgg\,
pQ]lht;d]t eP/ k|ltlqmof lbP, æxf], of] …ºofG6fl:6s cfOl8ofÚ xf], o;} u/f}+
o;sf] ;+of]hg ug]{ lhDdf s0f{hLnfO{ lbp“m .Æ b]pjfn] aLrd} pgnfO{ /f]s]/
eg], æs0f{hL h:tf JolQmnfO{ o:tf] sfddf d'5\g' x'“b}g . xfdL h:tf /fhgLlt
ug]{x¿n] slxn] s:fsf], slxn] s:fsf] cfnf]rgf u5f}{+, dfcf]jfbLx¿sf lj¿4
klg af]ln/xg' kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf] k|rf/d'vL sfddf s0f{hL h:tf …h]Go'OgÚ
dflg;x¿nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ x'“b}g .Æ pxF“sf] Tof] kl/kSjtf, a'l4dQf, ljj]s /
b"/blz{tf b]v]/ d clt g} v';L eP“ . xf] /x]5, s]xL g s]xL ljz]iftf geO{
dflg; k|wfgdGqL h:tf] 7"nf] kbdf k'Ubf] /x]g5 . b]pjfsf] Tof] k|ltlqmof
;f“Rr} ;fy{s, dfld{s, bL3{;f]rsf] clg a'l4dfgLk"0f{ lyof] / cem cwd{ gug]{
bz{gdf cfwfl/t nfUof] . t/ tL dGqLsf] pQ]hgfaf6 g]kfnsf /fhgLlts
sfo{stf{x¿sf] dgf]bzf / dgf]efjgfnfO{ ;lhn} gfKg ;lsGYof] .
kf6L{ /fhgLlttk{m dnfO{ slxNo} cfsif{0f ePg . d /fhgLlts

sfo{stf{sf glhs a:g klg ;lSbg“ . zfob pgLx¿k|lt d]/f] gh/df ;Ddfg
264
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;f]r
geP/ klg xf] ls † lglxt :jfy{sf s'/f ug]{, kb k|fKt ugf{;fy pgLx¿sf]
njfO{—vjfO{df s:tf] sfofkn6 x'g] † /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ dfq e}/x“bf
pgLx¿ t x'nd'ndf To;} x/fp“5g\ t/ ha pgLx¿ ;f+;b jf g]tf x'G5g\\,
pgLx¿sf] af]nLrfnL, x]/fO / u/fOdf olt cx+sf/ a9\5 ls x]g]{nfO{ g} ckr
nfU5 Tof] Jojxf/ . lxhf] sxf“ lyP, cfh sxf“ 5g\\ h:tf] nfU5 . ;fgf] dfG5]
7"nf] x'g'x'“b}g eGg] d]/f] efjgf xf]Og . ;fgf] dfG5] klg 7"nf] x'g;S5 /
x'g'k5{, olb p;df Nofst 5 eg], olb Tof] :t/df k'Ug p;sf] af}l4s
ljsf; ePsf] 5 eg] . km6\ofO{+, rt'¥ofO{+, rfkn';L / lrKnf] efif0fsf
sf/0faf6 dfq ha s'g} dfG5] g]tf aGg k'U5, To;a]nf Tof] g]tfnfO{ :jLsfg{
k9]n]v]sf JolQmnfO{ w]/} uf¥xf] x'“bf]/x]5 . xfdL h] cWoog u5f}{+ / h'g
ljifodf s'/f u5f}{+, To;sf] xfdLnfO{ 1fg x'G5 . t/ ;;'/fnL hfg] a]nfdf
s'v'/f Rof“kL lx+8\g] cf}+7f5fk dGqLx¿nfO{ …xh"/Ú egL ;Daf]wg ug'{kbf{ e"lk
z]/rgn] eg]h:t} uwfnfO{ xh"/ eGg' g} a¿ /dfOnf] h:tf] nfU5 .
d !! clk|n @))# df ;f7L jif{ k'u]+ . dfG5]sf] lhGbuLdf hDdf

b'Oj6f dxTjk"0f{ hGdlbg x'G5g\\ . Pp6f PSsfO;f}+ hGdlbg ha dflg;n]
cfºg} v'§fdf 6]s]/ Sofl/o/ ;'¿ u5{, csf]{ ;f7Lof}+ hGdlbg ha pm
cfWoflTds d"No / dfGotfnfO{ :jLsfg{ yfN5 . jf:tjdf d cfºgf] hGdlbg
w'dwfdsf ;fy slxNo} dgfpb}gy]+ . k/Dk/fut wfld{s ljlwcg';f/ u|xk"hf
u/]/, Pp6f ;u'g lnP/} hGdlbgsf] ljlw ;DkGg ug]{ uy]{+ . d]/f] hGd c;g
6f]ndf ;]tf] dlR5b|gfysf] /y k'u]s} a]nf ePsf] x'“bf d]/f] a'afn] d]/f] gfd
s?0ffdosf] gfp“af6 …s?0fÚ /fVg'ePsf] /x]5 . af]nfp“bf af]nfpb} kl5 s0f{
eP5 . ;fy} d hGd]sf] lbg /fdgjdLsf] kj{ k/]sf] x'“bf d]/f] a'afsf] kfnfb]lv
g} rf8kj{ dgfp“bf—dgfp“b} d]/f] hGd lbgklg dgfpg] qmd ;'¿ eof] . t/
d]/f] hGdlbg wfld{s k"hfcfhfafx]s hGdf]T;js} nflu eg]/ ;fyLefO,
Oi6ldqx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ kfZrfTo tl/sfn] slxNo} dgfOPg . lsg xf] s'lGg †
d}gaQL lgefP/ …x\ofkL ay{8]Ú eGg dnfO{ nfh nfU5 . d /fdgjdLsf] lbg
265
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;f]r
hGd]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 d]/f] JolQmut hLjgl;t lr/kl/lrt Pshgf e§/fO{
;fyLn] æs[i0ffi6dLdf hlGdg' kg]{ of] dfG5] sxf“af6 /fd gjdLsf] lbgdf
hlGdP5 †Æ egL luHofp“y] .
d]/f] ;f7Lcf}+ hGdlbg d]/f] kl/jf/n] w'dwfd;“u dgfpg] of]hgf

agfof] . kl/jf/sf] OR5f lyof] d]/f ldNg] b'O;o hlt ;fyLx¿nfO{ af]nfP/
/dfOnf] ug]{ . sfo{qmddf dl;t s'g} g s'g} ;dodf sfd u/]sf d]/f cleGg
ldq tyf dxfg'efjx¿n] d]/f] af/]df b'OzAb af]Ng] sfo{qmd klg /flvof] .
s[i0ff tfd|fsf/ d]/f] ;f7Lcf}+ hGdlbgdf cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f
ug{ tof/ eOg\ . dnfO{ Psbd xif{ / uj{ nfUof] . s[i0ff tfd|fsf/n] pb\3f]if0f
u/]sf w]/} w]/} sfo{qmd d}n] x]l/;s]sf] 5' . t/ d]/f] hGdlbgsf] sfo{qmddf
pgn] cfºgf] k'/fgf] z}nL ljk/Lt Pp6f sljtfjfrg u/]/ af]Ng ;'¿ ul/g\ /
pb\3f]if0fsf qmddf dfld{s eP/ cf“vfaf6 cf“;' 6KsfOg\ . s[i0ffhLnfO{ d ;w}+
cfb/ uy]{+ . ;fg} pd]/b]lv d}n] pgsf] :j/ /]l8of]df ;'g]sf] . s[i0ff
tfd|fsf/sf] :j/ g;'Gg] sf] g]kfnL xf]nf < /]l8of] ;~rf/sf] IF]qdf t pgL
…lnleª lnh]08Ú g} x'g\ . SofG;/ /f]unfO{ lht]/ ;~rf/sf] If]qdf cgj/t
nfUg], dnfO{ nfU5, s[i0ff tfd|fsf/afx]s c¿ 5}g . s6gsf] ;f8L nufP/
clxn] klg ;w}+ nv/nv/ lx+l8/x]sL x'lG5g\ pgL . kf6f g]kfn RofK6/sf]
cfof]hgfdf d]/f] cWoIftf / tfd|fsf/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf rf}jL; jif{ klxn]
ko{6g pBf]uaf/] /]l8of]dfk{mt r]tgf hufpg] p2]Zon] /]l8of] g]kfndf …ko{6g
sfo{qmdÚ u/]sf lyof}+ xfdLn], h'g clxn];Dd rln/x]sf] 5 . s[i0ff tfd|fsf/
h:tf] JolQmTj / cfb/0fLo ;xsdL{n] hGdlbgsf] sfo{qmddf efjljef]/
z}nLdf pb\3f]if0f ul/lbPsf]df d uj{ ub{5' . xf]6]n P;f]lzPzgsf cWoIf
g/]Gb| ah|frfo{, ca{'b /f]u lgjf/0f ;+3sf cWoIf lbjfs/ /fhsl0f{sf/, ;Dkbf
;+3sf cWoIf ps]z/fh e'h' / ljZj jGohGt' sf]ifsf /fli6«o lgb]{zs 8f=
rGb| u'?¨n] ;DalGwt If]qx¿df d]/f] ;+nUgtfaf/] af]n]/ dnfO{ s[t1
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;f]r
agfOlbP . o;sf ;fy} d]/f ldq bLk]Gb|k'?if 9sfnn] t sljtf sf]/]/} dnfO{
Pp6f clj:d/0fLo pkxf/ lbP, h'g o:tf] lyof]M
df}gtfsf] lg/Lx jftfj/0f

Pp6fsf] k|j]zn] x'/Latf; cfP e}+m b]v]sf] 5'
Dffxf}n g} tfltPsf] b]v]sf] x'“
sf] /x]5 t pm eGbf, d]/} ;fyL
Zofdn j0f{, gfdn] s0f{
Pp6fn] ;De“mb} lyof]
j/ / kLknsf] lax]sf] syf eGg] km/]i6/ eg]/
csf]{ eGYof] …xf]Og, pm t 7d]n agfpg] / lrgfpg]Ú eg]/

t];|f] eG5 Tof] t e|d0f jif{jfnf kf] xf]
clg csf]{ eGYof] xf]Og xf]Og
Tof] t SofG;/ pkrf/sf nflu r'/f]6df s/ nufpg] eg]/
o;nfO{ ;Dkbf ;+/If0f egL lrRofO/x]sf] b]Vg] klg ToxL+ lyP

cg}lts sfo{sf] lj/f]wdf aflem/x]sf] b]Vg] klg /x]5g\\
slxNo} a"9f] gx'g] s:tf] of] eGb} lyP
;bfjxf/ of] dfgj sf] /x]5 t eGbf, d]/} ;fyL
gdfGg] zd{ ;w}+sf] gd{
e|d0f jif{tfsf pgL eGy]

;kmn x'g …lehgÚ / …ld;gÚ x'g'k5{ eg]/
n'lDagL af/]df af]n]sf] ;'g]+
wd{ / dd{ eP/ k'Ub}g sd{ rflxG5 eg]/
sf] xf] t pm eGbf, d]/} ;fyL
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;f]r
lbnsf] r"0f{ ;a} kl/k"0f{
v';L dnfO{ csf]{ eO/x]5

cfh} yfxf eof] d sfG5f] /x]5'
;'Gb/ rd{sf P bfO s0f{
;f7L k'u]5f} ;fyL ca s]xL ;':tfPs} hftL
sd{of]uL eujfg\ /fds} lbgdf hGd]sf P ;fyL

ltd|f] gfd cfh dnfO{ abNg dg nflu/x]5
x'G5 eg],
ca ltDnfO{ s0f{ xf]Og
sd{ zfSo eg"g\ .
;f]xL hGdlbg ;df/f]xdf e}/j l/;fnn] pNn]v u/]sf cfTdLo

s'/fx¿ t d s;/L la;{g ;S5' / † æs0f{zfSo pT;fxL / hf“ul/nf] dfG5]
x'g\ . pgnfO{ e]6]/ s'/f u/]kl5 pT;fx knfp“5, hf“u/ rN5 . h;/L g]kfnLdf
Pp6f egfO 5 Gofo x/fP uf]vf{ hfg", ljBf x/fP sfzL hfg" . d yKg] u5'{
hf“u/ x/fP Onfd hfg" . s0f{ zfSohLnfO{ k9]kl5 d yK5' pT;fx x/fP s0f{
zfSonfO{ e]6\g",Æ e}/j l/;fn h:tf] s;}nfO{ l/emfpg} ghfGg] JolQmaf6
o:tf cfTdLo s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ cln nfh klg nfUof] . pxf“n] ;a}nfO{ x“;fP/
km]l/ eGg'eof], æoBlk s0f{hLn] ca d cjsfzsfnLg hLjg af“R5', Joj;fo
/ Jofkf/af6 lj>fd lnG5', em~em6df cNdlnGg eGg] dgzfo JoQm u/] .
s0f{zfSo;“u d]/f] a;fp7L / nfdf] ;+ut xf]Og t/ hlt;Dd d}n] s0f{zfSo
eGg] JolQmTjnfO{ lrg]sf] 5' / k9]sf] 5', d 7f]s]/ eGg;S5' s0f{ zfSo eGg]
JolQm cjsfzsfnLg hLjgofkg ug{} ;Sb}g, Tof] Psk|sf/sf] cfºg}kgsf] 5,
r"kf] nfu]/ a:g} ;Sb}g . of] sbflk ;Dej s'/} xf]Og af“lr/x];Dd, x]/f}+nf .Æ
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;f]r
e}/j l/;fn h:tf] k"hgLo Pj+ /fli6«o:t/sf] lgisn+lst a'l4hLjL, kqsf/sf]
dk|ltsf] l6Kk0fL ;'g]/ dnfO{ Psl5g uj{ klg nfUof] . e}/jhLsf Ps Ps
zAb d]/f nflu ax'd"No ;'geGbf d"Nojfg\ 5g\ .
jf:tjdf e}/jhLn] eljiojf0fL u/]h:t} eO/x]sf] 5 . Tolta]nf d]/f]

pd]/, zf/Ll/s l:ylt, kfl/jfl/s cj:yf, lbdfusf] l;h{gzLntf / ;dosf]
ckJoo x'g glbg] eGg] dk|ltsf] pxf“sf] l6Kk0fL / Tof] ;df/f]xdf cleJoQm
pb\uf/ sf]/f efj'stfsf cleJolQmdfq x'g\ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/
jf:tjdf d}n] of] pd]/d}; z/L/, dg / dl:tis olt pmhf{jfg\ 5“bf5“b}
hah{:tL pQ/bfloTjljxLg, pT;fx / hf“u/ l/lQPsfx¿em} lgl:qmo hLjg
/f]Hg' hLjgofqfdf k"0f{lj/fd lbPsf], d]/f] cfºg} kl/jf/ / cem dft[e"ldsf]
elQmk|lt pk]Iff u/]sf] t 7xb}{g < o:tf k|Zg klg d cfkm}+;“u ul//xg dnfO{
dg nfU5 . sfdug]{ zlQm, hf“u/, pT;fx oyfjt\ /x“bf/x“b} cjsfzsf] hLjg
/f]Hg'sf] s] cf}lrTo x'G5 < Tof] t knfogjfb xf]Og / < o:tf s'/fx¿ d
;f]lr/xG5' . ;f7L jif{sf] pd]/ kf/ u/]kl5 d}n] ;a} Jofkf/ Joj;fo 5f]8\g]
ljrf/ u/]sf] lyP“ . ;a} xf]6]n b'O{ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ cjsfzsfnLg
hLjgofkg ug{ klg vf]h]sf] klg x'“ . ;f7L jif{sf] hGdlbg dgfp“b} d}n]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyP“, æcfhb]lv d Jofkf/df ;+nUg x'Gg . xf]6]nsf] b}lgs

sf/f]jf/ x]lb{g .Æ ;f“Rr} 3f]if0ff u/]h:t} d s'g}klg xf]6]ndf uOg“ . ;a}
5f]/fx¿s} e/df 5f]l8lbP“ . 5f]/fx¿n] klg d]xgt ul//x]sf 5g\\ . kfl/jfl/s
pBf]unfO{ cufl8 a9fO/fv]sf 5g\\ . d lglZrGt 5', pgLx¿ lau|]sf 5}gg\ .
t/ dfG5]sf] jf:tljs lhGbuLdf oltdfq eP/ k'Ubf] /x]g5 . lbgel/

s] u/]/ a:g] < au}+rfdf k"mn pdfg]{ ;f]v d]/f] 5}g . jftfg's"lnt a}7sdf
a;]/ lqm:6n Unf;df lx\j:sL vfO{ ukmdfq ug{ dnfO{ dg 5}g . d tf;
v]Ng hflGbg, d ef]het]/, kf6L{x¿df w]/}h;f] hfGg . kf6L{df hfg dg
gnfUg'sf] sf/0f xf], ;w}+ Toxf“ …pBf]u vQd 5, ko{6g aGb 5, b]z vQd 5
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;f]r
ug]{ s] <Ú h:tf Ps}vfn] gsf/fTds s'/fdfq eO/xG5g\ . lbge/ 3/d} a:bf,
>LdtLl;t dfofk|Lltsf s'/f dfq ul//x“bf slxn]sfxL+ t emu8f klg
x'“bf]/x]5 . 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] cf–cfºgf] yftjf; a;fO;s] . 5f]/f a'xf/LnfO{
3/df vfg af]nfp“5' . cfhsfnsf 5f]/fa'xf/LnfO{ eGg] s] < kGw|—aL; ldg]6
;“u} a;]kl5 aflx/ hfg vf]H5g\\, cg]s axfgf agfP/ . lhGbuL o:t} xf] .
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9fOG5, 7"nf] kfl/G5 t/ kv]6f knfPkl5 p8]/ uOxfN5g\\ .
o;sf] dtna of] xf]Og ls d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Ln] dnfO{ dfof ub}{gg\ . x/]s
lbg 3/df sfd ug]{x¿l;t d]/f]af/] d s:tf] 5', 7Ls 5' ls 5}g eg]/
;f]lw/xG5g\\ . dnfO{ s]xL eOxfNof] eg] pgLx¿nfO{ kL/ t cjZo k5{ g} .
pgLx¿sf] cfºg} hLjgz}nL 5, cfºg} b'lgof“ 5, cfºg} ;+;f/ 5 . Gene is
always selfish eg] e}+m k|s[ltsf] lgod cg';f/ 8'Ab} hfg] j+zf0f' (gene) nfO{
:ofxf/ ;';f/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g, Tof] Pslbg hfG5 g} . t/ ca cfpg]
j+zf0f'nfO{ hf]ufpg' k5{, ;'/lIft /fVg'k5{ . To;}n] dflg;x¿ ;w}+ cfºgf
afa'afh]nfO{ eGbf klg cfºgf ;GtfgnfO{ a9L :ofxf/;';f/ ub{5g\, ug'{ klg
k5{ . of] hgfj/b]lv dfG5];Ddsf] k|fs[lts, g};lu{s lgod xf] .
d d]/f] lhGbuLsf] wf/nfO{ efUosf] gbLdf dfq aufpg lbGg . d

cfºgf] d]xgt / sd{n] efUosf] wf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ vf]H5' / u5'{ klg .
To;}n] d s;}sf] bof / dfofsf] cf8e/f];fdf dfq a:g rfxGg“ . d s'g}klg
xfntdf d"NoxLg hLjg latfpg ;lSbg . d cfºgf] :yfg, jf;:yfg cfkm}+
agfp“5' . rfnL; jif{;Dd d}n] cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] ;Lk, cWoog u/]sf]
lzIff / cfh{g u/]sf] bLIffnfO{ k/ ;f/]/ k};f sdfpg]lt/ nfu]+, sdfOof]
klg . pknlJw klg xfl;n ul/of] . t/ dnfO{ clxn] nflu/x]5 d}n] cfh{g
u/]sf 1fg / ;Lkn] dnfO{ g} klv{/fv]sf 5g\ . ca d h] u5'{, Tof] sdfpgsf
nflu xf]Og, d]/f] ;f]vsf nflu / ;lsG5 eg] gof“ pknlAw xfl;n
ug{sf nflu u5'{ . oxL s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL tLg–rf/ dlxgf klxn] d]/f]
clt ldNg] ;fyL xl/z/0f g]kfnL æsfhLÆ, ;xkf7L k'ik/Tg zfSo /
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;f]r
ps]z e'h', k|df]b k|wfg, /fh]Gb| ;'jfn h:tf ;+/If0fljb\;“u ldn]/
k|s[lt ;+/If0fl;t cfj4 Pp6f sDkgL :yfkgf u/]+ . Tof] sDkgLsf] gfd xf]
…g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdÚ .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!^
/}yfg] ko{6g
æ8fS6/x¿ …l/6fo8{Ú ePkl5 lSnlgsdf sfd ug{ kfp“5g\, OlGhlgo/n]
cjsfz kfPkl5 cfºg} kmd{ vf]N5g\, s[lifljb\ l/6fo8{ ePkl5 cfºg} Joj;fo
ug{ ;S5g\ t/ k|s[ltljb\ l/6fo8{ ePkl5 s] ug]{ < :s"ndf hfuL/ vfg uof]
eg] a9L k9]sf] eG5g\, ljZjljBfnodf k9fpg uof] eg] cg'ej gk'u]sf]
elgG5, aLr}df e'ml08P/ a:g'k5{ pgLx¿n], g otf g ptf ====== cgdf]n
k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿n] el/Psf] of] b]zdf ko{6gsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf x'“bfx'“b} klg
y'k|} y'k|} k|s[ltljb\, r/fljb\, jg:kltljb\, k'tnLljb\x¿n] Jofj;flos
cj;/x¿ k|fKt ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf † otf lj1 5g\, sfd
kfO/fv]sf 5}gg\ . ptf cj;/ 5g\, pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .Æ
3/fo;L Jofkf/ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ lhDdf nufPkl5 ha d]/f] lbgrof{df

s'g} lhDd]jf/Lsf] sfd ePg, ddf …g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdÚ sf] dfWodaf6 Pp6f
gof“ lsl;dsf] ko{6g ;+rfng ug{ /x/ hfUof] . g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdsf]
gfds/0f d}n] ;[hgzLn o'js ;'dg zfSon] ;'¿ u/]sf] …ljt/s 86 sdÚ
af6 clek|]l/t eO{ u/]sf] lyP“ . o;f] x]bf{ t ljt/s 86 sd x'nfsL sfd xf]
t/ :t/o'Qm tl/sfaf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsof] eg] x/]s k]zfdf OHht
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;f]r
x'G5 eGg] s'/f ljt/s 86 sdn] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] 5 . g]kfndf s]xL sfd
5}g eGg] lg/fzfjfbLx¿nfO{{ ljt/s 86 sdn] cf“vf vf]lnlbPsf] 5 .
…ljt/s 86 sdÚaf6 …d]6«f]Ú gfds Pp6f klqsf klg k|sfzg ul/+bf] /x]5 .
To; klqsfsf] clGtd k]hdf ;'dgsf] cfu|xdf …;f]rÚ zLif{sdf d}n]

z[ª\vnfa4 :tDe n]v]sf] lyP“ . hL=6L=h]8=n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps k|jrg
sfo{qmddf gjo'js ;'dgn] d]/f] efif0f ;'g]sf /x]5g\ / daf6 clek|]l/t
eP5g\, t/ kl5 d kf] pgLaf6 clek|]l/t eP“ …ljt/s 86 sdÚaf6 k|efljt
x'“b} …g]r/ 86 sdÚ sf] gfds/0f u/]/ .
ko{6gsf] ahf/df clxn] 7"nf] k|lt:kwf{ 5 . vf;u/L k/Dk/fut

vfnsf …sGe]G;gnÚ ko{6gdf t g]kfn h:tf] u/La d'n's l6Sg} g;Sg]
e};s]sf] 5 . c¿ b]zx¿df wdfwd kf“r tf/] dfq xf]Og, ;'k/ l8nS;
xf]6]nx¿ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . Joj:yfkg ;+oGqx¿ klg cTofw'lgs
e};s]sf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfx¿ pRrtd 5g\ . sf]7f vf]Ng]]b]lv xf]6]nsf]
lalnª;Dd sDKo"6/af6 x'G5 . Snab]lv Sofl;gf];Dd, :jLldª k'nb]lv
:kf;Dd ljnfl;tfsf ;Dk"0f{ cTofw'lgs ;]jfx¿ xf]6]nsf] Ps} 5tdf pknAw
5g\ . To:tf ljnf;L xf]6]nx¿sf] bf“hf]df xfd|f xf]6]nn] s;/L k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ <
g t xfdLl;t cfly{s ;|f]t 5, g t cfw'lgs k|ljlw g} .
ljZjsf] ko{6g pBf]u ;w}+ rf/ j6f 'S' SUN, SAND, SEA and SEX
-;"o{, afn'jf, ;d'b| / ;]S;_ af6 k|efljt x'g] uYof]{ . t/ clxn] dflg;x¿sf]
rf;f]df s]xL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . cfhsn s[lqd ko{6gdf eGbf klg
k|fs[lts ko{6gdf a9L dflg;x¿ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f] g]kfndf s[lqd
ko{6gsf] ljsf; sd x'g ;Snf t/ k|fs[lts ko{6gsf lgldQ g]kfnsf] ahf/
w]/} 7"nf] 5 . ;+;f/df o:tf] d'n's sxf“ kfpg' hxf“ cgluGtL k|fs[lts
ljljwtf / ;Dkbf ljBdfg 5g\ . k[YjLsf] s"n e"—efusf] )=! k|ltzt dfq
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;f]r
hdLg cf]u6]sf] rjGg xhf/ ju{ldnsf] of] ;fgf] d'n'sdf ljZjs} $=@
k|ltzt :tgwf/L hgfj/x¿sf] pkl:ylt 5 . xfdLl;t !*! hftsf :tgwf/L
hgfj/ /x]5g\ . ;+;f/df kfOg] r/fx¿dWo] *=% k|ltzt r/f xfd|} e"lddf
kfOG5g\ . s] of] uj{nfUbf] s'/f xf]Og / olt ;fgf] d'n'sdf klg o"/f]k / pQ/
clk|msfdf kfOg] ;Dk"0f{ r/fx¿eGbf a9L k|hfltsf r/fx¿ kfOg' < To;}
u/L ^#% hfltsf k'tnLx¿ kfOG5g\ xfdLsxf“, ljZjs} s"n k'tnLsf]
$=@ k|ltzt . tLdWo] sltko t b'n{e hftsf /x]5g\ . ljZjsf @=@ k|ltzt
:jR5 hndf5f (Fresh water fish), !=! k|ltzt Eofu'tf] hftsf peor/ /
em08} !=% k|ltzt /]K6foN; xfdLsxf“ /x]5g\ .
;d'b|L ;txaf6 ^ ld6/ prfO{b]lv ljZjsf] ;aeGbf cUnf] e"efu

ePsf] of] b]zdf olt w]/} lsl;dsf jg:kltx¿ 5g\ h;sf] clxn];Dd
j}1flgs b[li6sf]0fn] cGj]if0f / cg';Gwfg klg ePsf] 5}g . ;Lldt
cWoogaf6 s] a'lemPsf] 5 eg] g]kfndf ^ xhf/ hftsf ;k'iks la?jf
(Flowering Plant) k]mnf kl/;s]sf 5g\, ljZjsf] cf“s8fdf em08} @=$
k|ltzt . ljZjd} ^ k|ltzt c+z cf]u6\g] #@ hftsf nfnLu'/f“; 5g\ xfdLsxf“
/ ;+;f/s} @ k|ltzt cyf{t #^) hftsf ;'gufef (Orchid) km'nfpg] ;d[4
k|fs[lts w/f]x/ xf] g]kfn . #^ k|ltzt clkmd kl/jf/sf Meconopsis hftsf
Poppies x¿ g]kfnd} /x]5g\ t/ wGo, nfu" kbfy{ agfpg] vfnsf klkhx¿
eg] xfdLsxf“ /x]g5g\ . To:tf clkmdx¿ ls t yfONof08sf] Golden Triangle
df kfOG5g\ of ckmuflg:tfgdf . g]kfnsf pRr lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] clkmd
hftsf oL k"mnx¿ cToGt ;'Gb/ / /¨Lla/¨L 5g\ . cli6«ofsf] /fli6«o k"mn
dflgg] Edel Weiss Toxf“sf] k|fs[lts jf;:yfgaf6 nf]k e};s]sf] 5 t/ of]
k"mn nfª\6fª\sf] 3f“;] d}bfgdf k|z:t kfOG5 .
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;f]r
olt yf]/} e"—efudf olt w]/} k|hfltsf af]6la?jf / hgfj/ kfOg'
rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . t/, g]kfnL cfk}+mnfO{ cfºgf cd"No ;Dkbf / ;|f]tx¿sf
af/]df kof{Kt yfxf 5}g . xfd|F] h:tf] b]z ;+;f/df zfob} xf]nf hxf“
clk|msfsf] h}ljs ljljwtfb]lv lnP/ d]l86]l/og / cfNk;sf] k|fs[lts :j¿k
;d]t pknAw 5 . t/fO{df kfOg] xfQL, u}+8f, lrt'jf, cgf{, gLnufO{, s[i0f;f/,
uf]xL cflbn] clk|msfsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;Demfp5g\ eg] lxdlrt'jf, 3f]/n,
ef/n, emf/n, gfofg, xl/0f cflbn] d]l86]l/og / cfNk;sf] ememNsf] lbG5g\ .
Psl;¨] u}+8fsf] ;+Vofsf lx;fjn] g]kfn ljZjs} bf];|f] wgL d'n's dflgG5 .
To:t} h¨nL hLjhGt'df ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ af3 (Lords of the Jungle) sf]
jf;:yfg klg oxL+ 5 .
;+/If0f If]qdf xfdLn] hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ w]/} ;Dkbfx¿ df;]sf klg

5f}+ / arfPsf klg 5f}+ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;nfO{ kN6fP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] h'gh'g
a]nf /fhgLltn] sf]N6f] k]m/]sf] 5, Tof]—Tof] a]nf jgh¨n w]/} dfl;Psf 5g\ .
jgIf]qdf ;aeGbf klxnf] rfk @))& ;fndf k¥of] . To;kl5 @)!& ;fnsf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{gdf t/fO{sf] rf/sf];] emf8L dfl;g k'Uof] . x's'djf;L /
;'s'djf;Ln] t/fO{ If]qdf em08} @) k|ltzt h¨n ;vfk kfl/lbP . @)#^
;fndf k]ml/ csf]{ 7"nf] jg cltqmd0f eof] . Tof] a]nf df]/ª, emfkfdf xhf/f}+
laufxdf la:tfl/t pTs[i6 cu|fvsf] h¨n dfl;of] . Tolt dfq xf]Og, ;k{sf]
5fnfb]lv u}+8fsf] vfu;Dd lgof{t ug{] nfO;]G; lbOof] . Tof] k|lqmof /f]Sg
g;s]/ d}n] g]kfn k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;+3 (Nepal Nature Conservation Society) af6
/fhLgfdf klg lbPsf] lyP“ . kl5 ;k{sf] 5fnf lgsf;L /f]Sg WWF sf] ef/t
zfvfsf cWoIf 8f= s/0f l;+xnfO{ d}n] kqdfkm{t cfu|x u/]sf] lyP“ .
g]kfnsf] h¨n dfl;of] eGg] ;Gbe{df dnfO{ Pp6f 36gf ofb

cfp“5 . ;+/If0f If]qdf ufGwL dflgg] ef/tLo ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0ff Psrf]l6
k}bn ofqf u/L g]kfn cfPsf lyP . ufGwLh:t} pgL klg Psbd xn'¨f]
v2/sf] n'uf nufp“y] . ;]tf] nfdf] bf¥xLdf pgsf] JolQmTj 6f9}af6
emlNsGYof] . pgnfO{ :jfut ug{ ef/tLo b"tfjf;df Pp6f ;fgf] lrofkfgsf]
275
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;f]r
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . lgDtf] cfPsfn] d klg k'u]+ . lrofkfgcl3
;'Gb/nfnsf] efif0f lyof] . efif0fdf pgn] eg], æg]kfndf jg dfl;Psf
sf/0fn] ef/tdf nfvf}+nfv dflg;sf] hLpwg dfl;of] .Æ pgn] Toxf“ pkl:yt
;a} uGodfGo g]kfnLx¿nfO{ g]kfnL e"efudf h¨n gdf:g >L % sf]
;/sf/nfO{ bafj lbg cg'/f]w u/] . d;“u} xfd|F jgdGqL a;]sf lyP . pgL
s]xL af]n]gg\ . ax'u'0ffsf] k|v/ efif0fkl5 Toxf“ s;}n] klg af]n]g t/ dnfO{
Pp6f k|Zgn] 3r\3RofO/x]sf] lyof] . b"tfjf;n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Tof] sfo{qmd
k|jrgsf] geO{ dfq lrgfkrL{sf] ePsf] x'“bf k|Zg u?“ ls gu?“ eGg] bf]dg
eO/x]sf] lyof] .
cflv/ d}n] cfk"mnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg“ / p7]/ /fhb"tl;t Ifdf dfUb}

ax'u'0ffnfO{ g]kfnsf] afWotfsf af/]df ;"rgf k|jfx ub}{ eg]+, ædxf]bo, tkfO{+n]
xfdLnfO{ g]kfnsf] jgh¨n ;+/If0f ug{ cfJxfg ug'{eof] t/ g]kfndf ?v
s6fgL g]kfnLsf sf/0faf6 dfq xf]Og, ef/tsf] jggLltsf sf/0faf6 klg
eO/x]sf] 5 . ef/t ;/sf/n] cfºgf] jgh¨n gsf6\g s8f gLlt ckgfPsf] 5
t/ g]kfnaf6 cu|fvsf 7"N7"nf aNnLx¿ ef/tsf 7]s]bf/x¿ g} nfg] u5{g\ .Æ

ax'u'0ff cfºgf] bf¥xL d';fb}{ cf“v} glemDSofO{ d]/f] s'/f ;'lg/x]sf lyP . d}n]
k]ml/ eg]+, æclxn] ljxf/ / o"=kL= df hlt klg /]nj] :nLk/ ag]sf 5g\ tL
hDd} g]kfns} cu|fvsf] sf7af6 ag]sf 5g\ . olb ef/t ;/sf/n] cfºgf]
l;dfgf rf}sLx¿df sf7sf] rf]/L lgsf;L /f]Sg] sf]lz; u/]sf] eP g]kfnsf]
jgh¨n lsg dfl;GYof] <Æ olt eGb} d}n] ax'u'0ff;“u k]ml/ cg'/f]w u/]+, æxfdL
klg g]kfndf h¨n s6fg gug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ bafj lbG5f}+ / tkfO{+n]
klg ef/t ;/sf/nfO{ g]kfnaf6 sf7 glsGg bafj lbg nufpg' k¥of], rf]/L
lgsf;Laf6 cfpg] sf7 /f]Sg ;Ldf rf}sLnfO{ klg ;ts{ u/fOlbg' k¥of] .Æ
cg]s /fhgLlts v]nrqmdf g]kfnsf] w]/} jgh¨n dfl;P tfklg

ljut aL;—tL; jif{leq ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf g]kfnn] pNn]vgLo k|ult u/]sf]
5 . ;fd'bflos jgljsf; cleofgdf t uj{ ug{ ;lsg] u/L xfdLn] w]/}
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;f]r
;kmntf xfl;n ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . Pstfsf ;f/f jgh¨n /fli6«os/0f ul/Psf]
lyof] . To;kZrft\ ufp“—ufp“df jgh¨n ;vfk kfl/of] . kl5 jgh¨n hDd}
pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L ;fd'bflos jg (Community Forest) sf]
cjwf/0ff ljsl;t ul/of] . o;df t]hs'df/ dxtsf] of]ubfgnfO{ xfdLn]
la;{g' x'“b}g . pgsf] of] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ci6]«lnog ;/sf/n] a'¤of] / ;fd'bflos
jg kl/of]hgfnfO{ …Soflk6nfOhÚ ul/lbof] .
/fli6«o lgs'~hsf If]qdf klg xfdLn] w]/} ljsf; ul/;s]sf 5f}+ .

aL;—kRrL; jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdLn] b]zsf] em08} c7f/ k|ltzt e"—efunfO{
/fli6«o lgs'~hdf ;dfj]z u/L ;+/If0f ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . tLg bzscl3 Pp6f
klg /fli6«o lgs'~h gePsf] d'n'sdf clxn] cf7j6f /fli6«o lgs'~h :yflkt
eO;s]sf 5g\ . h;df b'Oj6f t ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLd} ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ .
aL; jif{cl3 g]kfndf krxQ/—c;L j6f u}+8f lyP . cfh ltg} u}+8fsf] ;+Vof
^%) eGbf a9L k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ;+/If0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] gkTofpg] vfnsf k|ult
x'g\ oL . oltdfq xf]Og, xfdLn] u}+8fnfO{ lrtjgaf6 alb{of / z'Snfkmf“6fdf
;d]t ;kmntfk"j{s k|lt:yfkg ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . To:t}, aL; jif{sf] ;+/If0f
k|of;af6 xfdLn] af3sf] ;+Vof *) af6 #)) eGbf a9L k'¥ofO;s]sf 5f}+ .
clt b'n{e lxdlrt'jfsf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b}5 .
lrtjgsf] r'/Lofsf] k]mbLdf Pstfsf uf}/L ufO{ d'v / v'§fsf] /f]u

(Foot and mouth diseases) n] em08} ;vfk e};s]sf lyP . clxn] lrtjgdf
;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf uf}/LufO{ kfOG5g\ . To:t} sf]zL 6Kk'df cgf{ em08} nf]k
e};s]sf] lyof] . clxn] ;oeGbf a9L cgf{ sf]zLsf] 3f“;] d}bfgdf rl//fv]sf]
xfdL b]Vg ;S5f}+ . s[i0f;f/sf] ;+/If0fdf klg xfdLn] pNn]Vo km8\sf] df/]sf
5f}+ . z'Snfkmf“6fsf] 3f“;] d}bfgdf kRrL; ;oeGbf a9L af¥x l;“us] f] e'm08
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;f]r
b]Vg kfOG5 . eG5g\, olt 7"nf] afx|l;+u]sf] ayfg ;+;f/df sxL+ b]Vg kfOb}g .
;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] dflgg] of] h/fof] ha Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df
bf}l8G5, e'O{+df sDkg x'G5 / hldgaf6 w"nf] afbn h:t} dfly p8\5 . of]
b[Zo clk|msfdf kfOg] …ljNb/lji6Ú hftsf hgfj/x¿sf] a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] h:t}
b]lvG5 . 3l8ofn uf]xLsf] k|fs[lts af;:yfg /fKtL / gf/fo0fL gbLnfO{
dflgG5 . Pstfsf g]kfndf dfemLx¿n] gbLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/df 3l8ofn
uf]xLsf] k'mn df;]/ em08} l;WofO;s]sf lyP . t/ cgj/t ¿kn] lrtjg
/fli6«o lgs'~hdf ;dlk{t /fdk|Lt ofbjsf] k|of; / tLy{dfg df:s]sf]
cu'jfOaf6 uf]xL ;+/If0fdf xfdL ;+;f/sf] cu|k+lQmdf k'Ug ;Ifd eof}+ .
:of/ef]6, nfs]{ef]6, 5fs]{ef]6 cflb b'u{d lxdfnL e]udf ltAatL

ln+S;\, gfofg, Sofg hftsf uwf / ltAatL xl/0fx¿ (Antelop) x]g{ d}n] 7"nf]
sf]lz; u/]sf] lyP“ t/ slxNo} b]Vg] df}sf kfOg . To;a]nf tL b'n{e hftsf
jGo hGt'x¿sf] ;+Vof g} sd lyof] jf pgLx¿nfO{ x]g]{ d]/f] efUo g} lyPg .
t/ s]xL jif{ klxn] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] hLjzf:q ljefudf sfo{/t
8f= s/0f zfxn] pkNnf] d':tf¨sf] bfdf]b/ s'08df ltAatL uwf, ln+S;\,
gfofg / PG6]nk;d]t b]Vg kfP /] . k|sl[ tljb\sf] x}l;otn] of] va/ ;'g]/ d
xif{n] ljef]/ eP“ lsgls g]kfnsf] lxdfnL e]uaf6 tL b'n{e hgfj/x¿ nf]k
eO;s]sf /x]g5g\ . of] dfg]df klg d}n] ;fGTjgf k|fKt u/]+ ls 7Ls} 5, s0f{
zfSon] tL hgfj/ x]g{ g;s] klg p:t}—p:t} gfd ePsf s/0f zfxn] t
b]Vg kfP .
/fhgLltsf] v]nrqmdf g]kfnsf] w]/} jgh¨n dfl;of] / tbcg';f/

h¨nL hLjhGt'x¿sf] af;:yfg klg x/fof] . t/ ;+/If0f / ljsf;;“u} hfg]
k|lqmof ePsf] x'“bf o;sf sltko k|lqmofx¿ :jtM ;lqmo eO/xs]f
x'g;S5g\ . vf;u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf jgh¨nx¿ ;k|]/ cfpg'df
278
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;f]r
cfw'lgs hLjgz}nLn] klg yk of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . d clxn] klg ;lDemG5',
xfdL c;g 6f]ndf a;]sf] a]nf c;g u0f]z:yfgsf] rf/}lt/ ef/Lsf ef/L
bfp/f a]Rg NofOGYof] . oxf“sf tLg zx/ aflx/sf sltko ufp“n]x¿sf]
hLljsf]kfh{g bfp/f a]r]/ g} x'g] uYof]{ t;y{ pgLx¿nfO{ bfp/] elgGYof] .
lbgsf] xhf/f}+ ef/L bfp/f sf7df8f}+df pkef]u x'g] x'“bf uf]bfj/L, lzjk'/L,
gu/sf]6sf h¨n ;vfk h:t} e};s]sf lyP . t/ clxn] ;Dk"0f{ sf7df8f}+af;L
:6f]e jf Uof“; k|of]u u/L vfgf ksfp5g\ clg gfl¨b} uPsf sf7df8f}+
pkTosfsf eL/kfvfx¿ clxn] xl/of, el/nf ePsf 5g\ . k|fs[lts k'¿Tkfbg
(Natural Regeneration) sf sf/0fn] ca k]ml/ pkTosf jl/kl/sf h¨nx¿df
k|s[lt nxnxfpg yfn]sf] 5 . of]afx]s clxn] dfcf]jfbLx¿ klg h¨n
h¨ndf ;lqmo ePsf]n] g]kfnsf jgh¨n w]/} xb;Dd ;+/lIft x'g k'u]sf
5g\ . jgh¨n a9]kl5 sflnh, xl/0f, d[u cflb :jtM a9\g] g} eP .
k|s[lt / ko{6g g]kfnsf ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿ x'g\ . g]kfnL

bfz{lgsx¿n] ;f]r]/ g} ;fOgf] nufPsf xf]nfg\ jg / wgaLr clg h¨n /
d¨nsf aLr . t/ slxn]sfxL+ dnfO{ tfHh'a nfU5, xfdLn] k|fs[lts
;DkbfnfO{{ Jojl:yt 9¨n] k|of]u u/]/ ko{6g ljsf; ug{ lsg ;s]gf}+ < ;w}+
ljb]zLn] g} xfdLnfO{ af6f] b]vfp“5 . ;aeGbf klxn] hf]g s'kd]g eGg] Ps
ljb]zLn] lrtjgaf6 ;kmf/L ko{6g ;'¿ u/], s0f]{n lhDdL /j6{ / dfOs
r]gLn] kbofqfsf] Joj;fo ;'¿ u/] . !(*) sf] bzsdf ljb]zL
Joj;foLx¿n] g} g]kfnsf gbLx¿df ¥oflº6ªsf] Jofkf/ ;'¿ u/] . To:t}
an'gdf Uof“; e/]/ p8\g] …x6 Po/ an'lg¨Ú, p8\g] df]6/ ;fOsn …cN6«f Po/
qmfº6Ú, 5ftfsf] k|of]u u/]/ dflyaf6 tn emg]{ …Kof/f UnfOl8ªÚ / 8f]/Laf6
xfdkmfNg] …aGhL hlDkªÚ h:tf ;fxl;s ko{6g Joj;fo ljb]zLx¿n] g}

xfdLsxf“ ;'¿ u/]sf x'g\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf † krf; jif{sf] ko{6g Oltxf;df
xfdL /fd slxNo} aGg ;s]gf}+, ;w}+ xg'dfg eP/ g} sfd u¥of}+ . xfdL aUuLsf]
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;f]r
3f]8f h:t} ljb]zLn] b]vfPsf] ko{6gsf] af6f]df dfq bf}l8O/x\of}+} . o; qmdaf6
xfdLn] y'k|} ;kmntf xfl;n gu/]sf] klg xf]Og t/ Pshgf ljb]zLn] ;kmf/L
;'¿ u¥of], xfdL ;f/fsf ;f/f Tof] kub08Laf6 Ps O~r klg bfof“—afof“
uPgf}+ . ko{6sx¿nfO{ b[Zofjnf]sg u/fpg] qmddf ;w}+ xfdLn] kz'klt,
:joDe", b/af/ :Sjfo/ dfq b]vfof}+ . dfbn ahfP/ …kfgsf] kftÚ uLts}
e/df xfdLn] tLg bzs 6]«lsªsf] Jofkf/ ;+rfng u¥of}+ . xfQL r9fP/ Pp6}
h¨ndf Pp6} s'gfdf dfq ljb]zLnfO{ 3'dfof}+ . dnfO{ nfUof], ca xfdLn]
c;+Vo ;Defjgfx¿ af]s]sf] k|s[ltd'vL ko{6gnfO{ ljsf; ug{ s]xL ;[hgzLn
k|of;x¿ ug'{k5{ . t/ s;/L <
o;} ;Gbe{df k|s[lt ko{6gsf] ljzfn …cfO;ju{Ú sf] Ps 6'Kkf]

(tip of an iceberg) dfq ePklg To;nfO{ k]mnf kfg{ / cgluGtL ;Defjgfx¿sf]
s]xL pQ/ vf]Hg xfdL b'O— { rf/hgf ;+/If0fljb\ ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ 5nkmn
u¥of}+ . xfdLnfO{ nfUof], g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdsf] dfWodaf6 /}yfg] ko{6gnfO{
;fgf] :s]naf6 ePklg ;'¿cft ug{ ;lsG5 . kbofqf / 6]«lsª Joj;fonfO{
la:tf/ ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] gof“—gof“ 7fp“x¿ vf]Ng nflu/x]sf] 5 . t/
g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdsf] p2]Zo lgif]lwt IF]qdf uP/ gof“ ?6af6 kbofqf
;+rfng ug{ vf]Hg' xf]Og . clxn] v'ln/fv]s} jgh¨n, /fli6«o lgs'~h,
l;d;f/ If]qleqs} gf}nf k|fs[lts ljz]iftfx¿ cWoog u/L ko{6sLo
b[li6sf]0fn] ?lrs/ b]lvof] eg] To;nfO{ ko{6s;dIf kl:sg vf]lhPsf] xf] .
g]kfndf sltko o:tf ljnIf0f k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ 5g\, h'g c¿
b]zdf kfOb} kfOb}gg\ . To:tf /}yfg] k|fs[lts j:t'x¿sf] b[Zofjnf]sg
u/fpg], cWoog / cGj]if0f u/fpg] p2]Zo af]s]sf] of] sDkgLnfO{ k]zfut
;+/If0fljb\x¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;+rfng ul/g]5 . g]kfndf dfq kfOg] k|fs[lts
Pj+ ;“f:s[lts ;DkbfnfO{ b]vfP/ ;+rfng ul/g] ePsf] x'“bf o:tf] ko{6gnfO{
xfdLn] /}yfg] ko{6g (Endemic Tourism) eg]/ gfds/0f u/]sf xf}+ .
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;f]r
/}yfg] ko{6g s'g} gf}nf] cWofo xf]Og, ;+;f/sf cGo d'n'sx¿df klg
o;sf] cEof; ePsf] 5 t/ cfºg} lsl;dn] . /}yfg] eg]s} cfºg} lsl;dsf]
xf] . ;+;f/df ljleGg vfnsf dflg;x¿ 5g\ / pgLx¿sf] ;f]v klg km/s—
km/s, ljlrqsf x'G5g\ . cf}+;Lsf] /ftdf e"t x]g{sf nflu k'/fgf v08/x¿df
af; a;]/ k};f vr{ ug]{ ul/G5 . e"t b]vfpgs} nflu eg]/ Haunted weekend
sf] gfddf ko{6g Joj;foLx¿n] Kofs]h agfPsf x'G5g\ . /f]df~rsf/L
36gfsf] cg'ej u/fpg 6]lnlehgdf b]vfOg] Fantasy Island h:tf
uGtJo:ynx¿ lgdf{0f u/]/ cgf}7f] ko{6g ;+rfng ul/+b}5 o'/f]klt/ .
;+;f/df s}of}+ ;GsL vfnsf 6«fen Ph]G;Lx¿ klg 5g\ h;n] uf]nL
rNg] cft+su|:t 36gf:yndf nu]/ qmflGtsf] ¿k b]vfpg] ko{6g k|j4{g
u5{g\ /], h;nfO{ …qmfOl;; 6'l/hdÚ elgG5 /] . dflg;sf] ;f]v / rfxgfsf]
s'g} l;dfgf x'“b}g . xfn} dfq Ps cd]l/sL c/jkltn] 7"nf] wg/flz lt/]/
/l;ofaf6 /s]6 r9]/ cGtl/Ifsf] ofqf u/] . ci6]«lnofdf bf];|f] ljZjo'4df
rnfOg] …8\ofsf]6fÚ Kn]g r9]/ dxfåLksf] dWoefudf ;fxl;s ofqf ug]{x¿
klg plQs} 5g\ . O{¨Nof08df o:tf 6«fen Ph]G;Lx¿ klg 5g\, h;n]
gjwgf9\o cd]l/sLx¿nfO{ n8{ / af/gx¿sf] hLjgz}nLsf] cg'ej u/fpg
k'/fgf] /fhb/af/df vfg] a:g] Joj:yf ldnfp“5g\, cjsfzk|fKt /fhb"tx¿—
nfO{ …;f]km/Ú jf …8fOe/Ú agfP/ ºofp/f]sf] lzsf/ v]nfp“5g\ / ;f“em
b/af/sf] e"ldut ;]n/df /flvPsf] ;of}+ jif{ k'/fgf] …jfOgÚ v'jfP/ /fhsLo
ljnfl;tfsf] cg'ej u/fp“5g\ . o:tf /}yfg] ko{6gsf] d"No / b//]6 g} x'“b}g .
;fOj]l/of, cnf:sf, gy{kf]n cflb /f]df~rsf/L Pj+ cgsG6f/ k|fs[lts
:ynx¿df ;+rfng ul/g] Kofs]h klg To:t} dx“uf x'G5g\ . P]gfsf] kg8'AaL
hxfh (Glass Capsule Boat) af6 xhf/f}+ lkm6 tn ;d'b|sf] k]mbL;Dd hfg],
hnofqf xf];\ jf PG6fl6{sfdf k]gUjLg x]g{ hfg], UofnfKofuf]h 6fk'df clt
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;f]r
7"nf] s5'jf (Gaint Tortoise) x]g]{ jf cfl6{s kf]nf/ lao/ -;]tf efn'_ x]g{ hfg]
sfo{qmd, oL ;a} ljleGg b]zsf cf—cfºg} /}yfg] ko{6gsf kl/sf/x¿ x'g\ .
/}yfg] ko{6g eg]sf] …df; 6'l/hd\Ú xf]Og . o;df ko{6sx¿ Ps}kN6

x\jf/x\jftL{ cfp“b}gg\ . ;f]lvg / s'g} ljifoj:t'nfO{ cToGt rfv /fVg]
wgf9\o jf hf]lznf (Passonate) ko{6sx¿ dfq cfp“5g\ . cfºgf] ;f]vs}
nflu pgLx¿ g …sDk|f]dfOhÚ u5{g\ g t df]ntf]n . /}yfg] ko{6gsf lglDt
g]kfndf k|z:t cfsif{s j:t'x¿ 5g\ h:t} Pp6} e|d0fdf t]O;b]lv tL;
hftsf nfnLu'/f“; x]g]{, Pp6} l6«kdf #*) eGbf a9L hftsf r/f x]g]{, cfºg}
vfnsf ;'gufef x]g]{, l;d;f/ r/f cjnf]sg, s]z/PlxGb h:tf b'n{e
k'tnLx¿ x]g]{, cflb . elgG5, ;+;f/df ;aeGbf 7"nf h¨nL eL/df}/L g]kfndf
kfOG5g\ /] . g]kfnsf cgsG6f/ eL/kfvfx¿df :yfgLo ufp“n]x¿n]
;do;dodf cfºgf] Hofg} hf]lvddf /fvL Pp6f 8f]/Ldf e'ml08P/ eL/eL/sf]
vf+]rvf+]raf6 df}/Lsf] dx lgsfNg] u5{g\ . eL/df}/Lsf] dx /S;LeGbf klg s8f
x'“bf]/x]5 . g]kfn e|d0f jif{tfsf xfdLn] df}/Lsf] dx sf8\g] kj{nfO{ k/Dk/fut
tl/sfn] k"hf u/L w'dwfdsf ;fy dxf]T;js} ¿kdf ;+rfng u/]sf lyof}+ .
ljb]zLx¿ dfq xf]Og, sf7df8f}+ / kf]v/fsf cfGtl/s ko{6sx¿sf] ;d]t
Toxf“ 3'“Orf] nfu]sf] lyof] . Tof] sfo{qmd b]vfpg d}n] d]/L >LdtL / 5f]/LnfO{
klg nu]sf] lyP“ . 8f]/Ldf af“lwP/ ;of}+ lkm6 dflyaf6 e'ml08b} a"9f] ufp“n]n]
dx sf8\bf 8/fP/ d]/L >LdtLn] x]g}{ ;lsgg\ . Tof] sfd TolQ /f]df~rs x'G5
eg]/ d}n] klg ;f]r]s} lyOg“ . uha 5 † Ps ljb]zL gful/sn] …xgL xlG6¨Ú
sf] lstfj 5fk]/ nfvf}+ 8n/ sdfP t/ w]/} g]kfnLnfO{ h¨nL eL/sf] dx sxf“
/ s;/L sfl8G5 eGg] ;fdfGo 1fg klg 5}g . /}yfg] ko{6gdf cg]s
cfsif{0fx¿ 5g\ . xfdLsxf“ Ps} ofqfdf ;+;f/sf] 5QL; k|ltzt klkh
km"nx¿ lg/LIf0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} sfnLu08sLdf uP/ zflnu|fdsf]
cWoog ug{, u/fpg ;lsG5 . sfnLu08sL gbLsf] jfl/kfl/ kfOg] cb\e"t t/
km/s h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;'Id cWoog t cem ug{ g} af“sL 5 .
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;f]r
r/fk|]dLx¿ klg uha—uhasf x'“bf /x]5g\ . cd]l/sfdf Fat Birder

gfds r/f cg'/fuLx¿sf] Pp6f ;+:yf 5 . ;of}+ lsnf] jhg ePsf, s':t
k};f sdfPsf, h¨nleq lx+8\g} g;Sg] t}klg r/f x]g{ dl/xQ] ug]{x¿nfO{
g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdn] …ºof6 a8{/Ú l;t ldn]/ tL df]6f wgf9\o
cd]l/sLx¿nfO{ ;'¿b]lv cGTo;Dd Nof08/f]e/ uf8Ld} /fv]/ r/fx¿ b]vfpg]

Kofs]h agfPsf] 5 . of] klg /}yfg] ko{6gs} Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . olb /}yfg]
ko{6gnfO{ Jojl:yt 9¨n] ;+rfng ug]{ xf] eg] o;nfO{ ;:tf] df]ndf lbg'kg]{
cfjZostf 5}g . s]xL u/L ko{6sx¿n] dxuf] eof] eg]/ clgR5f b]vfP klg
3'Dbf3'Db} ?Dhf6f/ eg] h:t} cGttf]uTjf pgLx¿ xfdLsxf“ cfpg} kg]{ x'G5 .
k|s[lt / kof{j/0fdf cfwfl/t of] /}yfg] ko{6g ;:tf] gx'g'sf] sf/0f xf], o;df
;xefuL ;a} hgzlQm j}1flgs, k|s[ltljb\ Pj+ …Ps]8]ldl;ogx¿Ú x'G5g\ .
cGo ko{6g k]zf ;/x h;n] kfof] p;n] o;nfO{ ;+rfng ug{ uf¥xf] x'G5 .
o;sf lgldQ r/fljb\ (Ornithologist), k'tnLljb\ (Lepidopterist), ;k{ljb\
(Herpitologist), af“b/ljb\ (Primatologist), jg:kltljb\ (Botanist), e"—ue{ljb\
-Geologist) cflb ljz]if1x¿sf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
g]kfn g]r/ 86 sd :yfkgf ug'{sf] csf]{ efjgfTds p2]Zo klg 5 .

xl/z/0f …sfhLÚ l;t d]/f] tLg bzs nfdf] ldqtf 5 . ;g\ !(&* df
xl/z/0f / d}n] g]kfndf r/f ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf / To;;DaGwL r]tgf
hfu/0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]/ g]kfn a8{ jflrª Snj :yfkgf u/]sf lyof}+ . Tof]
a]nf r/fk|lt dflg;sf] rf;f] g} lyPg . ufp“3/sf s]xL dflg;nfO{ dfq
r/fx¿sf] gfp“ yfxf x'GYof] . t/ zx/L If]qdf a:g] dflg;x¿nfO{ r/f
eg]kl5 ;a} r/f clg g]jf/x¿sf lglDt …em¨Ú eg]kl5 ;a} r/f . slxn]sfxL+
r/fdf ;f]v /fVg] d]/f ljb]zL ldqx¿n] g]kfndf cfP/ r/f x]g]{ cfºgf] OR5f
k|s6 uy]{ . g]kfnL r/fljb\ ldnfOlbgsf lglDt d;“u cg'/f]w uy]{ . To;a]nf
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;f]r
g]kfndf r/fljb\x¿ 5}gg\ eGg dnfO{ c;fWo} cK7\of/f] nfUYof] . g]kfn a8{
jflrª Snasf] :yfkgf ubf{ sfhL / d]/f] p2]Zo g} g]kfndf k|z:t
r/fljb\x¿ pTkfbg ug]{ /x]sf] lyof] . x/]s zlgjf/ xfdL :s"n / SofDk;df
k9\g] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kmsfO{—k'mNofO{ 7d]nl:yt sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp;af6
n}grf}/sf] /fgLjg, uf]bfj/L, lzjk'/L cflb h¨ndf nu]/ r/f b]vfpg],
lrgfpg], pgLx¿sf] cfjfh ;'gfpg] / pgLx¿sf] jf;:yfgsf] cWoog
u/fpg] uYof}{+ . g]kfn g]r/ 86 sddf /fh]Gb| ;'jfn klg 5g\ . hf] clxn]
l;d;f/ IF]q, vf; u/L ;f/; (Crane) ljz]if1 e};s]sf 5g\, To;a]nf
ev{/sf] l76f] /fh]Gb| ;'jfnnfO{ j8{ jflr¨ Snadf ;xefuL u/fp“b} sfhL /
d}n] r/fk|lt k|]d / 1fg hufPsf lyof}+ . clxn] /fh]Gb|nfO{ g} g]kfn g]r/ 86
sdsf] Dofg]lh¨ 8fO/]S6/ agfP/ Pp6f gof“ cleofgsf] nufd lbg kfPsf]df
sfhL / dnfO{ w]/} ;Gtf]if nfu]sf] 5 . g]kfn g]r/ 86 sd :yfkgf ePsf] ^
dlxgf klg k'u]sf] 5}g t/ aL=aL=;L= h:tf] k|ltli7t ;+rf/ dfWodaf6
;+rfng ul/g] Crane Migration h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL aGg
;Ifd eO;s]sf] 5 of] . ;f] sfo{qmd nflu hf]d;f]ddf b'O{ xKtf a;]/
d+uf]lnof / ;fOj]l/ofaf6 a;fO{+;/fO{+sf qmddf p8]/ cfpg] s¥ofª—s'?ªsf]
j[Qlrq agfpg ;3fpb}5 g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdn] .
g]kfn g]r/ 86 sddf sfd ubf{ dnfO{ ldn]sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf]

;Gt'li6 xf], d}n] efjgf ldNg] ;fyLx¿l;t sfd ug{ kfPsf] 5' . sfhLn]
cfºgf] lhGbuLsf] clwsf+z ;do r/f;“u} latfP / r/fs} ;+;f/df cfk"mnfO{
;dlk{t u/] . s;};“u k};f glnO{ cfºg} ;Lldt ;|F]t / ;fwg k|of]u u/]/
sfhLn] g]kfnsf b'u{d Pj+ cgsG6f/ If]qdf 3'd]/ vt/fk"0f{ lbgrof{ latfO{
;of}+ hftsf r/fx¿ j}1flgs 9¨n] ;+sng u/]/ ;'/lIft /fv] . r/f
;+/If0fsf] r]tgf hfu/0f ug{ cfk"mn] ;+sng u/]sf r/fx¿sf] :s"n :s"ndf
uP/ k|bz{g u/] . kl5 cfºgf] cd"No r/f ;+sng g]kfnsf] klxnf] k|fs[lts
284
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;f]r
lj1fg ;+u|xfnonfO{ k|bfg u/] . lhGbuLe/ sfhLn] h¨n 3'd]/ r/fsf]
cWoog u/] t/ pgn] b'O{ k};f klg sdfpg ;s]gg\ . cfk"m hGdbf h:tf] 3/
lyof], clxn] klg To:t} 5 k'/fgf], kf}/fl0fs vfnsf] . t/ k};fn] sfhLnfO{
slxn] cft'/ agfPg . pgL k};fsf lgldQ af“r]s} xf]Ogg\, cfºg} ;f]vsf]
lglDt . t/ sfhLn] geg] klg pgsf] cfly{s cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltnfO{ d}n]
a'e]msf] 5' .
To:t} d]/f csf{ ;xkf7L 8f= k'ik/Tg zfSo klg g]kfn g]r/ 86
sd;“u ;Da4 5g\ . ;DaGwn] pgL d]/f] alxgL HjfO{ k5{g\ . t/ xfd|f]
Jofj;flos ;DaGwsf] cfofd cs}{ 5 . xfdLn] ;“u} aL=P:;L= k9\of}+ . pgL
jg:kltljb\, d rflx+ jglj1 . k'ikn] cfºgf] sfo{sfndf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{
k|sf/sf jgh¨n 3'ld;s]sf 5g\, ljljw jg:kltsf] cWoog ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

pgsf] 7"nf] ;f]v g} k"mn k'mn]sf] la?jf b]Vgf;fy 6kSs l6k]/ sfuhleq
Rofk]/ ;+sng ul/xfNg] lyof] . tL; jif{sf] ;]jf cjlwdf pgn] slt jg:klt,
kft, k"mn, ;+sng ul/;s], Tof] t d}n] ;f]w]sf] 5}g t/ dnfO{ s] yfxf 5 eg]
jg:klt ljefusf] xj]{l/od zfvfdf ;+slnt clwsf+z la?jfx¿sf]
;+snssf ¿kdf pgs} gfd 5 . Pp6f la?jfsf] t k'ik zfSos} gfdaf6
Corydalis Shakyai gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . pgn] cfºgf] e|d0fsfndf bzeGbf
a9L gof“ k|hfltsf la?jfx¿ kQf nufPsf lyP . tLg bzssf] d]xgt /
cys k|of;kl5 k'ikn] jg:klt ljefuaf6 cjsfz lnP . pgsf] cfly{s
cj:yf klg sfhLsf] eGbf vf;} /fd|f] ePsf] d b]lVbg“ . 8fS6/x¿ …l/6fo8{Ú
ePkl5 lSnlgsdf sfd ug{ kfp“5g\, OlGhlgo/n] cjsfz kfPkl5 cfºg}
kmd{ vf]N5g\, s[lifljb\ l/6fo8{ ePkl5 cfºg} Joj;fo ug{ ;S5g\ t/
k|s[ltljb\ l/6fo8{ ePkl5 s] ug]{ < :s"ndf hfuL/ vfg uof] eg] a9L k9]sf]
eG5g\, ljZjljBfnodf k9fpg uof] eg] cg'ej gk'u]sf] elgG5, aLr}df
e'ml08P/ a:g'k5{ pgLx¿, g otf g ptf . slxn]sfxL+ ;fgf]ltgf] sG;N6]G;L
285
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;f]r
ug'{ afx]s pgLx¿;“u csf]{ ljsNk b]lv+b}g . cgdf]n k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿n]
el/Psf] of] b]zdf ko{6gsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf x'“bfx'“b} klg y'k|} y'k|} k|s[ltljb\,
r/fljb\, jg:kltljb\, k'tnLljb\x¿n] Jofj;flos cj;/x¿ k|fKt ug{
;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf † otf lj1 5g\, sfd kfO/fv]sf 5}gg\ .
ptf cj;/ 5g\, pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
;f]v / ;]jfsf nflu dfq sfhL / k'ik h:tf k|s[ltljb\x¿n] slt

;do ;dfh;]jfdf dfq} latfpg] < g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdn] /}yfg] ko{6g
;+rfngdfk{mt s]xL k};f sdfP/ k|s[ltljb\x¿sf nflu s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u
k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf b]v]sf] 5 . :ki6 eGg' kbf{ g]kfn g]r/ 86 sd
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf]Og, of] k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] Pp6f
Jofkfl/s sDkgL xf] . c+u|]hLdf eGg' kbf{ 'This is a profit making academic
company with social responsibility' . g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdsf] nIo jf:tjdf
oxL xf] . k|s[ltnfO{ ko{6gdf ;dfj]z u/]/ k|s[ltljb\x¿sf] Jofj;flos
bIftfsf] dfs]{l6¨ ug{ vf]Hg' klg xf] o;sf] nIo . /}yfg] ko{6gdf o:tf
;Defjgfx¿ w]/} 5g\, o;sf] nIosf] l;dfgf cgGt 5 . o;}nfO{ ;dGjo
ug{;s] /}yfg] ko{6gsf] eljio ;'gf}nf] / pHHjn 5 .
***
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;f]r
kl/R5]b—!&
cGtdf t/ ======
æs':t k};f sdfP/ dfq dflg; ;kmn aGg ;Sb}g . ;kmntf gfKg]
dfWod k};f xf]Og . ;kmn Tof] JolQm dfq x'g;S5 h;n] ;dfhaf6 OHht
kfpg ;S5 . wgf9\o t/ 3[l0ft eP/ af“Rg' Pp6f 7"nf] clezfk xf] . …;6{
u]dÚ v]n]/ s]xL ;dosf nflu dflg;n] ;kmntfsf] l;+9L t r9\g ;S5 t/
;kmntfnfO{ sfod /flv/fVg dflg;n] OdfGbf/L, ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tfsf]
…nªu]dÚ g} v]Ng'k5{ . ;kmn pBdL aGgsf nflu p;df ;[hgzLn lbdfu
x'g'k¥of], ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ a'‰g'k¥of], ;kgf b]Vg / To;sf] ljZn]if0f
ug{ hfGg'k¥of], ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{] OR5fzlQm / k|lta4tf x'g'k¥of], nIo–
k|flKtsf lgldQ cfsfª\Iff / d]xgt klg x'g'k¥of] . oltdfq eP/ klg k'Ub}g,
Tof] JolQmdf oyfl:yltsf] ;xL d"NofÍg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf clg Jofjxfl/s
kIfaf6 of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf clg OR5f, ljj]s, w}o{ /
cfTdljZjf; x'g'k¥of] .Æ
cfºgf] lhGbuLsf] :jo+ d"NofÍg ubf{ dnfO{ Tolt c;Gt'li6 nfu]sf]

5}g . slxn]sfxL+ lhGbuLsf kfgfx¿ kN6fP/ x]bf{ d}n] y'k|} sfdx¿ ul/;s]sf]
5' h:tf] klg nfU5 . zfob of] d]/f] 3d08 xf] jf dfgjLo sdhf]/L, obfsbf
tL s'/fx¿ c¿nfO{ eGg dg nfU5 . wd{zf:q eG5 æsfd u/ kmnsf] cfzf
287
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;f]r
gu/ .Æ t/ d h:tf] ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] Jojxf/df of] slt ;Dej xf]nf
s'lGg, d eGg ;lSbg . x'g t df}sf kfp“bf cfk"mn] u/]sf sfdnfO{ a9fO{
r9fO{ gu/] klg sGh':ofO“ eg] d}n] u/]sf] 5}g . t/ slxn]sfxL+ d}n] of] klg
ul/;s]sf] 5', Tof] klg ul/;s]sf] 5' eGbf æof] dfG5] km6fxf t xf]OgÆ eGnfg\
eGg] 8/ klg nfU5 . lhGbuLdf d}n] h]hlt u/]+, ;a} c¿nfO{ ;'gfp“bf, d
cfk+}m >f]tfsf] 7fp“df ePsf] ePklg ¤jf§} ljZjf; nfUb}gYof] xf]nf . s;/L
kTofp“nfg\ c¿n] olb d Jofkf/L x'“, ;dfh;]jL x'“, ;+/If0fljb\ klg x'“ n]vs
klg x'“ eGof] eg] . clg cGgk"0f{ /fli6«o lgs'~h, 6'+l8v]nsf] af6f],
s]z/dxnsf] :jKg au}+rf, SofG;/ c:ktfnb]lv d]l8sn l;6L, e|d0f jif{
cflb—OToflbsf :yfkgfy{, ;+rfngfy{ Pj+ sfof{Gjogsf nflu kl/sNkgf /
k|:tfjx¿df d]/f] xft 5 eGbf of] s:tf] Wjf“; lbg] dfG5] /x]5 egL cjZo
eGnfg\ . t/ u/]sf] ljz]if sfd 7fp“df pNn]v gug'{ klg s~h':ofO{ dfq
xf]Og, ;[hgzLn Oltxf;sf] lgd{d xTof ug'{ xf]Og / < cGt/fTdfn] pQ/
vf]lh/xG5 . h] xf];\, lhGbuLsf] of] d]/f] jf:tljs ;TonfO{ g d n'sfpg
;S5' g t c¿ s;}n] bafpg g} ;S5 . Tof] ;To lnlvt jf clnlvt ¿kn]
sxL+ g sxL+ /lx/x]sf] x'G5 . zAba|x\d h:t} sd{a|x\d klg zfZjt\ ;To xf]Og
/ < zfob oxL jf:tljstfsf] pkh xf] of] d]/f] ;fgf] k':ts .
d}n] clxn];Dd h] hlt u/]+, Tof] d]/f] PSn}sf] k|of; x}g . PSn}
dflg;n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g pm cfºgf] ljwfdf hlt;'s} ;Ifd lsg gxf];\ † clt
g} OdfGbf/, d]xgtL, nugzLn cfdf / afj'sf] sf]vaf6 hGdg] of]u kg'{ g}
d]/f nflu 7"nf] cj;/ lyof] . lhGbuLsf] x/]s df]8df d}n] cfºgf] kl/jf/,
cfkmGt / ldqx¿af6 7"nf] ;xof]u kfPsf] 5' . clxn];Dd d]/f s'g} zq' 5}gg\
/ d}n] a'e]m;Dd d]/f] s'enf] lrtfpg] klg 5}gg\ . a¿ d]/f] enfO ;f]Rg]x¿ g}
w]/} xf]nfg\ . /fd|f lzIf0f ;+:yfgx¿af6 lzIff xfl;n ug{] df}sf kfP“, b]z
ljb]z 3'Db} Toxf“s} kl/j]zdf lhGbuL latfP“ . lhGbuLsf] ofqfdf d]/f
;xofqLx¿n] dnfO{ w]/} ;xof]u u/] . pgLx¿af6 d}n] y'k|} cg'ej /
dgf]jnx¿ ;“ufn+] .
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;f]r
sn]hdf k9\g hfg] a]nf;Dd zf/Ll/s b[li6n] d cfk"mnfO{

cfsif{0fxLg JolQm eG7fGy]+ . ;fgf] cf“vf / xK;Lsf] h:tf 7"nf cf]+7 . oL
dgf]efjgfTds sdhf]/Lk|lt d :jo+ g} clt ;r]t lyP“ . s]6Lx¿sf cufl8
nfOg dfg]{ cf“6 t emg\ cfp“b} cfp“b}gYof] . t/ ci6]«lnofdf k9\g uPkl5 d]/f]
JolQmTjdf Pp6f 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfof] . d a:g] Dofsf]/L xfp;sf] xf]:6]nsL
Pp6L cGt/Ë ;fyLn] d]/f] Tof] n3'tfefifnfO{ lhTg d2t ul/g\ . pgL v'a}
/fd|L lyOg\, pgnfO{ xf]:6]nsL …Dofs'/L SjLgÚ ;d]t elgGYof] . pgnfO{ y'k–|}
y'k|} wgL / /fd|f s]6fx¿ ;fyL agfpg dl/xQ] uy]{ . t}klg pgn] dnfO{ g}
cfºgf] ;fyL /f]lhg\ . pgL elGyg\, æltd|f] cf“vf ;fgf ePklg x“l;nf 5g\ .Æ
Tof]a]nfb]lv d]/f] dgleq s'l07t n3'tfefif / sdhf]/L la:tf/}—la:tf/} x6\b}
uP . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] d]/f] lhGbuLdf ;aeGbf klxn] cfTdljZjf; hufpg]
ltg} …Dofs'/L SjLgÚ lyOg\ .
lhGbuLsf cg]s v'8\lsnfdf dnfO{ ;fy lbg] c¿ klg w]/} 5g\\ .

;a}sf] JofVof d oxf“ ul//xg ;lSbg, ldNb}g / ;fGble{s klg x'“b}g . t/
d]/f] af}l4s IfdtfnfO{ ;f“3'/f] 3]/faf6 km/flsnf] kmf“6df lnP/ hfg] csL{ Ps
;fyLsf] oxf“ rrf{ ul/Pg eg] zfob of] lstfj k"0f{ x'“b}g . z}lIfs Pj+ af}l4s
k|ltefsf b[li6sf]0fn] d cfk"mnfO{ ;w}+ Ps dWod vfnsf] JolQm eG7fGy]+
lsgeg] k/LIffx¿df d ;w}+ låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLdf dfq ptL0f{ x'Gy]+ . d]/f]
n'ls/fv]sf] af}l4s cfTdljZjf; To;a]nf k|:k'm6g eof] ha d}n] tL ;fyLnfO{
kL=Pr=8L= kf; u/fpg s]xL d2t ug{ ;s]+ . aQL; jif{ klxn] pgL k]l/;sf]
…;ag{Ú ljZjljBfnodf ;d;]{6 dd\ / lgT;]sf] t'ngfTds ;flxTo ljwf
(Comparative Literature)df ljBfjfl/lwsf lglDt cfºgf] y]l;;nfO{ clGtd ¿k
lb+b} lyOg\ . y]l;; s;/L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] ljifodf xfdLaLr 5nkmn x'“bf d]/f
;'emfj / ljrf/x¿n] pgnfO{ clek|]l/t u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL cg';f/ pgn]
y]l;; tof/ ul/g\ . To;a]nf stfstf dnfO{ cfef; eof] ddf klg s]xL
k|fl1s tTjx¿ /x]5g\ . To;af6 pgnfO{ dfq xf]Og, d cfk}+mnfO{ ddf
289
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;f]r
;dfnf]rsLo k|ltef sxf“af6 / s;/L cfOk'Uof] eg]/ cfZro{ nfUof] .
tTkZrft\ cWoogdf d]/f] ?lr a9\g yfNof] . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] x/]s
ljifoj:t'nfO{ bfz{lgs b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{, cWoog ug]{, d"NofÍg Pj+ ljZn]if0f
ug]{ ;Lk ljsf; ug{df dnfO{ tL ;fyLn] w]/} ;xof]u ul/g\ . o;af6 d]/f]
cfTdljZjf; bl/nf] ePsf] d dx;'; u5{' .
dflg;df cfTdljZjf; eGg] 7"nf] u'0f x'“bf]/x]5 . cfk"mpk/ g} e/f];f

/ ljZjf; geOsg s;}n] s]xL ug{ ;Sbf]/x]g5 . jg ljefudf sfd ug'{eGbf
klxn] d]/f] ;f]r / cjwf/0ff s'jfsf] Eofu'tf]sf] h:tf] lyof] . gof“ ;8ssf]
/]i6'/]06df lrof vfg hfg], kLknjf]6df klqsf lsg]/ ;8s cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug]{ .
a;\ Toltd} ;Lldt . ha d}n] t/fO{ / kxf8x¿ 3'Dg] cj;/ kfP“, tL e]udf
;+:s[lt / k|s[ltsf] ;fxro{ tyf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw x]g{ k'u]+, k|s[ltnfO{ x]g]{
tf}/tl/sfdf d}n] hLjg / k|s[ltsf] jf:tljstf a'e]+m . ;xofqLx¿ hf]g
Jnf]j/ / aa ºn]ldªaf6 klg d}n] w]/} l;s]+ . s'g}klg ljifonfO{ ljleGg
sf]0faf6 x]g]{ cEof; klg ToxL+af6 u/]+ .
Jofkf/ / pBf]usf] If]qdf d]/f bfh'sf] dk|ltsf] ljZjf; g} d]/f nflu

7"nf] ;fdYo{ aGg k'u]sf] xf] . g]kfndf w]/} bfh'x¿ 5g\\ hf] efOsf] pmhf{ yfxf
kfP/ klg 8fxf / Oiof{u|:t eO{ sfd ug{ lbb}gg\ . t/ d]/f] bfh'n] cfºgf]
;kgf daf6 x]g{ rfx]/ d}n] h] u5'{ eg]+, Tof] ug{ lbg'eof] . s'g} sfddf
slxNo} afwf–c8\rg ug'{ ePg / dnfO{ ;w}+ pT;fx lbg'eof] . d]/f
efph'x¿n]] klg dnfO{ cfºgf] ;xf]b/ efO h:t} dfof u/]/ cfkTsfnLg
a]nfdf klg slxNo} pbf; /xg lbg'ePg . kfl/jfl/s Joj;fodf d]/f
elthfx¿ / 5f]/fx¿n] O{+6dfly O{+6 yk] . zfSo kfl/jf/df pBf]u /
Joj;fonfO{ :yflkt ug{ pgLx¿n] w]/} ;fy lbP . ;fdflhs If]qdf SofG;/
/f]ula?4 d]/f] cleofgdf :juL{o zfxHofbL hoGtL zfx / lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfn] 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'eof] . To;/L g} …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú cleofgdf
290
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;f]r
rqmk|;fb jf“:tf]nf, bLk]Gb|k'?if 9sfn, k|r08dfg >]i7, z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnf,
8f= xl/ zdf{ / c¿ w]/}n] dnfO{ ;fy lbP .
dflg;n] hlt;'s} d]xgt u/]tfklg sfd ug{, u/fpg hfg]g eg]

PSn}n] s'g}klg ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . ;kmntf k|fKt ug{sf nflu hfb'sf]
58L s;};“u klg x'“b}g, g t x'G5 s'g} kmd'{nf g} . Pstfsf sf7df8f}+
o"lgel;{6Ldf …lahg]; Dofg]hd]G6Ú df :gfts txdf cWoog/t Ps 5fqf
d]/f] …k|f]h]S6 k|f]kmfOnÚ agfpg] p2]Zon] dnfO{ e]6\g cfOg\ . pgn] dnfO{
;kmn pBdL aGg s] s:tf lgdox¿ kfngf ug'{knf{ eg]/ k|Zg ul/g\ .
To;a]nf d}n] tL 5fqfnfO{ s'g} 7f]; hjfkm lbg ;lsg . t/ pgsf] k|Zgn]
dnfO{ ;f]Rg afWo u/fof] . ;kmn pBdL aGg / s'g} pBf]u ;+rfng ug{
lgDglnlvt cfwf/ x'g'k5{ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5M
-!_ s'g} dflg; pBdL aGgsf lgldQ ;aeGbf klxn] p;df cfsf+Iff
x'g'k¥of] . cfsf+Iff cg'¿k sfd ug{;Sg] Nofst / af}l4s cf}sft
x'g'k¥of] . clg cfk"ml;t slt cfly{s ;|f]t 5, slt hgzlQm 5 /

slt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 To;sf] ;xL d"NofÍg ug'{kof]{ .
-@_ d}n] ug{ ;S5' eGg] ljZjf; ePkl5 cfºgf] dgdl:tisdf Ifdtf
cg';f/sf] sqf] k]lG6ª l;h{gf ug]{ xf], Tof] cfsf/sf] SofGef;
agfpg' k¥of] .
-#_ cf“vf lrDn]/ x]g{ ;Sg] zlQm klg rflxG5 Pp6f ;kmn pBdL
aGgsf nflu . t/ ;kgf b]Vg'k5{ eGb}df :jlKgn, …8glSjhf]Ú h:tf]
c;Dej ;kgfsf] Pswf/] ;f]rdf au]/ hfg] xf]Og . ;f]rsf] wf/nfO{
ljleGg /äf6 sf]b}{ cfºgf] SofGef;df c6fpg] u/L Pp6f
snfs[ltsf] kl/sNkgf jf cjwf/0ffsf] k|f¿k tof/ ug'{ k¥of] .
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;f]r
-$_ olt u/]kl5 cf“vf lrDn+bf—lrDn+b} lbdfusf] 9f]sf vf]Ng ;Sg'k¥of] .
clg SofGef;df sf]/]sf] k|f¿kcg';f/ sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] s:tf],
s;af6 / s;nfO{ h:tf k|Zgsf] pQ/ tof/ ug'{kof]{ .
-%_ nIo k|flKtsf nflu lbdfudf dGyg ubf{ slxn]sfxL+ clgoldt
sfdlt/ ?lr a9\g ;S5 lsgeg] lbdfu :jfyL{ x'G5 . To;}n]
lbdfuaf6 lg0f{o ug'{eGbf klxn] x[bosf] cfjfh ;'Gg'k5{ . To;kl5
lg0f{o ug'{k5{ lsgeg] x[bon] slxNo} wf]sf lb+b}g .
-^_ pBf]usf] /]n lgdf{0f geP;Dd cfk+}mn] d]xgt / kl/>d ug'{k5{ .
c¿x¿sf e/df ;w}+ sfd ug]{ dflg; ;kmn pBdL aGg} ;Sb}g .
;'¿af6 cfºg} xftn] sfd ;DxfNg' k5{ . lsgeg] cfk"mafx]s c¿nfO{
cfºgf] ;kgfsf] :j¿k yfxf x'“b}g .
-&_ pBf]usf] /]nuf8L tof/ ePkl5 To;nfO{ cfºg} lgu/fgLdf lnudf
ptfg'{ k5{ . /fd|/L rNof] rn]g, x]/]kl5 dfq c¿nfO{ rnfpg
lbg'k5{ . /]nsf] kl5kl5 cfk"m bf}8\g' kb}{g . t/ cfºgf] pBf]usf] /]n
s;nfO{ rnfpg lbg], nfos hgzlQm s;/L 5fGg], o:tf tl/sfx¿
hfGg}k5{ . To;sf] nflu ljZjfl;nf] / nfos dfG5] lrGg ;Sg] cf“vf
rflxG5 .
-*_ pBf]u ;+rfng u/]kl5 nfos hgzlQmnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg] x[bo /
c¿af6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf rflxof] .
-(_ pBf]usf] ?v /f]Kgf;fy To;n] t'?Gt} kmn lb+b}g . w}o{ /fVb} cfk+}mn]
dnhn ug'{k5{, cfk"mn] /f]k]sf] la?jfsf] /]vb]v c¿n] ub}{gg\ .
-!)_ cfsfz v:nf, hdLg kmf6\nf, kftfn plS;Pnf, jd k'm6\nf eg]/
x'l6\6ofp“h:t} 8/fP/ lx+8\g]x¿ sbflk pBdL aGg ;Sb}gg\ .
-!!_ pBf]udf ;sf/fTds ;f]r x'g}k5{ . t/ ef]ln s] x'G5, To:sf] ;f]r
klg /fVg'k5{ . olb /fd|f] ePg eg] d o;/L ;d:of ;dfwfg u5'{
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;f]r
eGg] …qmfOl;; Dofg]hd]G6Ú sf] clu|d ;f]rfO klg x'g'k5{ . cGtdf
clncln efUo t x'g}k5{ ;kmn pBdL aGgsf lgldQ .
Pslbg Pshgf kqsf/n] dnfO{ a8f] cK7\of/f] k|Zg u/], tkfO{ ;kmn
pBdL ls ;Gtf]ifL pBdL xf] eg]/ . d}n] To;sf] hjfkm lbg ;lsg /
clxn];Dd klg d ;kmn xf] ls ;Gtf]ifL, d}n] lgSof]{n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
lsgeg] ;kmntf / ;Gtf]if b'O{ cnucnu t/ kof{ojfrs ljifo x'g\ . oL
b'O6} Ps}rf]l6 k|fKt x'“b}gg\ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . vf;u/L pBdLsf] kl/j]zdf
;kmntf jf ;Gtf]if k|fKt ug{ dfgjLo u'0f / ;f]rsf leGgfleGg} dfqfx¿sf]
cfjZostf x'G5 . klxn]—klxn] cf}iflw k;ndf sDkfp08/n] ljleGg dfqfdf
cf}iflwx¿ ld;fP/ …ldS:r/Ú / a}Bx¿n] kfrs agfPh:t} .
d]/f] JolQmut d"NofÍg cg';f/ Pp6f ;kmn pBdL aGgsf nflu

cGbfhL kGw| k|ltzt cfsf+Iff, bz k|ltzt ;[hgzLntf, ;xL lg0f{o bz
k|ltzt, kfl/jfl/s ;'v kf“r k|ltzt, OdfGbf/L kf“r k|ltzt, d]xgt /
kl/>d bz k|ltzt, Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf kGw| k|ltzt, w}o{ kf“r k|ltzt
JolQmTj bz k|ltzt, ;sf/fTds ;f]r kf“r k|ltzt / efUo bz k|ltzt
cfjZos x'G5 . t/ Pp6f ;Gtf]ifL pBdL aGg] xf] eg] zfob dflysf
u'0fx¿sf] dfqfdf s]xL yk36 x'G5 . To;sf nflu cfsf+Iff kf“r k|ltzt,
;[hgzLntf kf“r k|ltzt, ;xL lg0f{o kf“r k|ltzt, kfl/jfl/s ;'v bz
k|ltzt, OdfGbf/L bz k|ltzt, d]xgt kf“r k|ltzt, Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf
kGw| k|ltzt, JolQmTj kf“r k|ltzt, w}o{ kGw| k|ltzt, ;sf/fTds ;f]r kGw|
k|ltzt / efUo bz k|ltzt cfjZos x'G5 . of] d]/f] lgtfGt lghL cfsng
xf], s'g} bfz{lgs Pj+ j}1flgs tYofÍ xf]Og .
;kmn pBdL ;Gtf]ifL pBdL

!= cfsfª\Iff !% k|ltzt != cfsfª\Iff % k|ltzt
@= ;[hgzLntf !) k|ltzt @= ;[hgzLntf % k|ltzt
#= ;xL lg0f{o !) k|ltzt #= ;xL lg0f{o % k|ltzt
$= kfl/jfl/s ;'v % k|ltzt $= kfl/jfl/s ;'v !) k|lzt
%= OdfGbf/L % k|ltzt 293 %= OdfGbf/L !) k|ltzt
^= d]xgt !) k|ltzt ^= d]xgt % k|ltzt
&= Jofj;flos Ifdtf !% k|lzzt &= Jofj;flos Ifdtf !% k|lzzt
*= JolQmTj !) k|ltzt *= JolQmTj % k|ltzt
(= w}o{ % k|ltzt (= w}o{ !% k|ltzt
!)= ;sf/fTds ;f]r % k|ltzt !)= ;sf/fTds ;f]r !% k|ltzt
!!= efUo !) k|ltzt !!= efUo !) k|ltzt
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;f]r
s'g} klg JolQm hGdhft ;kmn eP/ hlGdb}g . wgf9\o kl/jf/df

hlGdb}df dfG5] 7"nf] x'“b}g . To;f] x'g] ePsf] eP t g]kfn rnfpg] clxn]sf
clwsf+z pRr cf]xbfsf JolQmx¿ uf“p3/af6 g} lsg cfP t < sltko
dGqLx¿, ;lrjx¿, gLlt lgdf{tfx¿ / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ ;f“Rr} eGg] xf]
eg] u/Lj / dWod kl/jf/af6} cfPsf x'g . 7"nf] dflg; aGgsf lgldQ
;j{k|yd af“Rg rfxg] cfGtl/s OR5f (Survival Instinct) x'g'k5{, cfsf+Iff /fVg'
k5{ clg nIo k|fKt ug]{ rfx x'g} k5{ . t/ 7"nf] x'g' / ;kmn x'g' Pp6} s'/f
xf]Og . s':t k};f sdfP/ dfq dflg; ;kmn aGg ;Sb}g . ;kmntf gfKg]
dfWod k};f xf]Og . ;kmn Tof] JolQm dfq x'g;S5 h;n] ;dfhaf6 OHht
kfpg ;S5 . wgf9\o t/ 3[l0ft eP/ af“Rg' Pp6f 7"nf] clezfk xf] . …;6{
u]dÚ v]n]/ s]xL ;dosf nflu dflg;n] ;kmntfsf] l;+9L r9\g ;S5 t/
;kmntfnfO{ sfod /flv/fVg dflg;n] OdfGbf/L, ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tfsf]
…nªu]dÚ g} v]Ng'k5{ . d clxn] ;kmn pBdLsf] s'/f ub}{5' . o;sf nflu
p;df ;[hgzLn lbdfu x'g'k¥of], p;n] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ a'‰g'k¥of],
;kgf x]g{ / To;sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ hfGg'k¥of], ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{]
OR5fzlQm / k|lta4tf x'g'k¥of], nIo–k|flKtsf nflu cfsf+Iff / d]xgt
x'g'k¥of] . oltdfq eP/ k'Ub}g, Tof] JolQmdf oyfl:yltsf] ;xL d"NofÍg ug{
;Sg] of]Uotf clg Jofjxfl/s kIfaf6 of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
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x'g'k¥of] . cGtdf Tof] JolQmdf d]xgt ug]{] OR5f, ljj]s, w}o{ / cfTdljZjf;
x'g'k¥of] .
sfd ug]{ dflg;af6 e"n x'g} ;Sb}g eGg ;lsGg . s'g} uNtL jf e"n
sfd} gug]{, lgn{Hh / gfnfos JolQmaf6 dfq x'“b}g . o:tf dflg; ;w}+
gsf/fTds x'G5g\\ . cfk"m sfd ug{ g;Sg], c¿n] u/]sf] sfdsf] 8fxf ug]{x¿
;w}+ n3'tfefifn] ;tfOPsf x'G5g\\ . lrlgof“ bfz{lgs sGºo"l;ozn] eg]sf
lyP, ælhGbuLdf slxNo} klg gn8\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og t/ n8]/ p7\g' 7"nf] s'/f
xf] .Æ To;}n] t elgG5, lhTg]n] slxNo} 5f]8\b}g, 5f]8\g]n] slxNo} lhTb}g .
dnfO{ nfU5, xfd|f] ;dfhdf hDdf tLg lsl;dsf pBdLx¿ 5g\ . klxnf] hf]
k|z:t ljrf/ k'¥ofP/ sfd u5{g\ clg sd e"n u5{g\ / e"n ul/xfn] klg
eljiodf To;af6 kf7 l;s]/ c¿ e"n gug]{ sf]lz; u5{g\ . bf];|f] k|sf/df
To:tf pBdL hf] ljgfof]hgf b]vfl;sLsf cfwf/af6 xtfl/P/ sfd u5{g\ /
e"n u5{g\ . kl5 cfºgf] e"nnfO{ :jLsf/]/ eljiodf ;'wfg{ vf]H5g\ / sd e"n
ug]{ k|of; u5{g\ . t];|f] vfn] dflg; a8f] 8/nfUbf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿;“u g
sNkgf x'G5 g of]hgf . c¿n] eg]sf] xfxfdf 7"N7"nf sfd ug{ vf]H5g\ clg
e"ndfly e"n ub}{ hfG5g\ . cfºgf] e"nnfO{ :jLsfg{ rfx“b}gg\ . cem cfºgf]
e"nnfO{ n'sfP/ 7Ls ;fljt ug{ lg/y{s jfbljjfb u5{g\ h;sf sf/0f
pgLx¿n] cfºgf] eljio dfq xf]Og, c¿nfO{ klg 8'afOlbG5g\ .
;a} dflg; ;j{u'0f ;DkGg x'“b}gg\ . x/]s dflg;df s]xL g s]xL

sdhf]/L t cjZo x'G5 . t/ a'l4dfgL s] xf] eg] p;n] cfºgf] sdhf]/LnfO{
hfGg' k¥of], a'¤g' k¥of] / c¿x¿sf] ;xof]u lnP/ sdhf]/LnfO{ zlQmdf
kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg'k¥of] . s'g} dflg;df s]xL sdhf]/L 5g\ eg] p;df u'0f klg
n'ls/fv]sf x'G5g\ . cfºgf u'0f / sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ lrg]/ / a'e]m/ a'l4dQfk"0f{
tl/sfn] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsof] eg] w]/} sfdx¿ ug{, u/fpg ;lsG5 . sltko
7"N7"nf pBdLx¿n] cfºgf] sdhf]/LnfO{ :jLsf/]/, cfk"ml;t gePsf] u'0fnfO{
c¿ dfWodaf6 kl/rfng u/]/ 7"N7"nf pBf]ux¿ rnfO/fv]sf x'G5g\ .
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;f]r
dflg;n] cfºgf sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd 5f]k]/ /fVg
;Sb}g . sdhf]/L n'sfpg' eg]sf] cfk"mn] cfkm}n+ fO{ wf]sf lbg' xf] .
sdhf]/LnfO{ :jLsf/]/ cfºgf] Ifdtf cg'¿ksf] ;Lldt 3]/fleq a:of] eg]

zfob To;n] lhGbuLdf 7"nf] wf]sf vfb}g . ;+;f/df ;a} k|ltefzfnL x'“b}gg\ .
;a}sf] ;fdfGo 1fg ;dfg x'“b}g . of] klg dflg;sf] j+zf0f', hLg,
qmf]df]hf]ddf e/k5{ . Pp6} cfdfafa'n] hGdfPsf ;Gtfgdf sf]xL cUnf] x'G5,
sf]xL xf]rf], sf]xL sfnf] x'G5 t sf]xL uf]/f] . sf]xL cN5L x'G5 eg] s]xL
d]xgtL . sf]xL rnfv, sf]xL ;Lwf;f]emf] . cfdfafa'sf] ;dfg :g]x, Kof/ /
dfof kfp“bf—kfpb} klg Pp6} ;fdflhs / z}lIfs jftfj/0fdf x's{+bf–x's{+b} /
;dfg kf}li6s vfgf vf“bfvf“b}klg hj Ps} kl/jf/sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿df olt
leGgtf x'G5 eg] xfdL ;a} cf–cfºgf] b[li6sf]0fn] slt km/s x'G5f}+ xf]nf † of]
bfz{lgs s'/f dfq xf]Og, lj1fg;Ddt ts{ xf] . x/]s dflg;df kfOg] km/s–
km/s 8L=Pg=P= / lhgsf cfwf/df o:tf] ljifdtf x'g] xf] .
xfdL OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy cfºgf] sdhf]/LnfO{ :jLsfb}{ cfk"mdf

n'ls/fv]sf ;sf/fTds kIfnfO{ hfu[t ub}{ cfºgf] lhGbuLnfO{ ljleGg
lsl;daf6 ;kmnLe"t ug{ ;S5f}+ . u0f]zdfg l;+x aL=kL= aGg ;Sb}gy], aL=kL=
u0f]zdfg aGg ;Sb}gy] . t/ oL b'a} dxfg\ JolQmTjx¿n] cf–cfºgf] kIfaf6
;kmntf xfl;n u/] . ;a} Jofkf/L df]xguf]kfn v]tfg aGg ;Sb}gg\, ;a}
pBdL ljgf]b rf}w/L aGg ;Sb}gg\ . df/jf8L ;]+7x¿sf] b]vfl;sL u/]/ 7"nf–
7"nf pBdL aGg] nfn;fn] a}+saf6 C0f lnP/ pBf]u ;+rfng ug]{ w]/} dflg;
8'j]sf 5g\\ . ljlrqsf] 5 k};fsf] v]n . ;f}efUoj; d Tof] v]n hflGbg . d}n]
slxNo} cfk"mn] ;DxfNg g;Sg] cfly{s ef/ af]s]/ sfd ug{ rflxg . d]/f]
lbdfu k};fsf] dfdnfdf w]/} sdhf]/ 5 . clxn];Dd dnfO{ …8]lj6Ú eg]sf] s]
xf], …qm]l86Ú eg]sf] s] xf], cndn eO g} /xG5 . hj Psfp06]06n] d]/f]
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;f]r
sDkgLsf] jf;nft Nofp“5g\, d ;w}+ pgLx¿nfO{ 8]la6 / qm]l86 eg]sf] k};f
ltg'{ kg]{ xf] ls lng' kg]{ xf], a|fs]6df v'nfP/ Nofpg cg'/f]w u5'{ .
cfºgf] sdhf]/LnfO{ a'em]/ To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ klg Pp6f zlQm

xf] . ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df dflg;x¿ cf–cfºgf] af}l4s:t/ klxrfg u/]/,
To;nfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ u5{g / eljiosf] af6f] lgwf{/0f u5{g\ . w]/} k9\g
g;Sg] dflg;n] 7"nf—7"nf sn]h / ljZjljBfnodf uP/ ;do ajf{b

ub}{gg\ . cfºgf] lbdfusf] Ifdtf cg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{ sfd 5fg]/ ToxL
sfd ug{ hfG5g\\ . sf]xL 8sdL{ x'G5g\, sf]xL l;sdL{, sf]xL KnDa/ x'G5g\
sf]xL On]lS6«l;og, sf]xL sfk]{G6/, sf]xL s's / sf]xL v]tjf/Ldf uP/ ls;fgL
sfd u5{g\ . ;'v Tof] xf], h]df sfd ubf{ /dfOnf] x'G5 . t/ xfd|f] d'n'sdf
rf/–kf“rrf]l6 cfO{=P= cg'QL0f{ ePklg o'lgel;{6L hfg} kg]{, Pd=P= kf; ug}{
kg]{ . bf¥xL h“'uf nfd} eO;Sbf klg, j}+zfn' hLjg latfO;s]kl5 klg afa'nfO{
cfly{s af]em lbP/ ;w}+ ljBfyL{ aGg /x/ nfUg] † h;/L ePklg o'lgel;{6Lsf]
l8u|L xfl;n u/L pRr cf]xbfsf] hfuL/ vfg}kg]{ . /fhgLlts g]tf /
dGqLx¿n] klg ef]6sf] nf]edf k/L o:tf cIfdx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ cf]xbfdf
hfuL/ v'jfP/ ;+:yfg, k|lti7fg / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ljs[lt NofOlbg] dfq
xf]Og tL ;+:yfnfO{ 8'afO{ g} lbg] sfd u5{g\ . pRr lzIff ;a}sf] clwsf/
xf]Og, k9\g ;Sg]x¿sf] dfq xf] . rfx] pBdL xf];\ jf Jofkf/L jf sd{rf/L,
p;n] cfºgf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Ddsf] sfd ug'{k5{ . g]kfndf o:tf sltko
xflsd sd{rf/Lx¿ 5g\\ hf] xflsd aGg nfos} 5}gg\ . g p;df Nofst 5,
g u'0f, g t 5 lg0f{o lbg;Sg] cf“6 . a;\ p;nfO{ xflsd aGg} kg]{ . ;]tf]
Kn]6sf] ;/sf/L uf8Lsf] nf]e, Oi6ldq jf ;;'/fnLdf wfs jf pRr cf]xbfdf
k'u]/ k};f sdfpg] bfp . ha To:tf dflg; …;f];{ / kmf];{Ú sf] cfwf/df pRr
cf]xbfdf k'U5g\\, pgLx¿ ;xL ;dodf 7Ls lg0f{o ug{ g;s]/ cfk}+mnfO{
tgfju|:t agfp5g\ clg ;+:yfnfO{ xflg k'¥ofp“5g\\ . JolQmut Ifdtfsf] of]
lj8Dagf ;/sf/L If]qdf dfq xf]Og, pBf]u Joj;fodf klg 5\ofk5fKtL b]Vg
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;f]r
;lsG5 . c¿x¿sf] b]vfl;sLdf cfºgf] Ifdtfn] Eofp“b} gEofpg] sfd u/]/
sltko wgf9\o kl/jf/x¿ Psb'O{ k':tf kl5 g} w/fzfoL ePsf 5g\ .
d slt ;kmn 5', dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ d]/f sdhf]/LnfO{ d}n]

slxNo} n'sfOg“ . 7"nf–7"nf ;fx'—dxfhgsf] h:tf] d]/f] lx;fa—lstfa alnof]
5}g . d]/f] lbdfudf hl6n cy{ Joj:yfkgsf s'/fx¿ 3':b}—3':b}gg\ . ha d
To:tf plNemPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ ;'Nemfpg vf]H5', d]/f] skfn b'Vg yfN5 .
To;}n] d ;f]emf], ;fwf/0f s'/fx¿ dfq ug{ rfxG5' . vNtLdf k};f ePsf]
a]nfdfq d pBf]u jf Jofkf/ u5'{ . dnfO{ ;aeGbf ;Gtf]ifsf] s'/f s] xf] eg]
clxn] d hlt sfd ul//fv]sf] 5' tL s'g} lvrLldrL vfnsf 5}gg\ .
lvrLldrLaf6 w]/} 6f9f a:5' d . slxn]sfxL+ ha d lgdf{0fsf sfdx¿ u5'{,

;s];Dd cfºgf] ;Ldfleq} s]lGb|t eP/ v'n:t lbnn], dgn] rfx]sf] s'/f u5'{ .
a¿ s]xL hUuf 5f]8\5' t/ l;dfgfdf uP/ 5/l5d]sl;t emu8f u/]/ d 3/
lgdf{0f jf pBf]u ug{ rfxGg . b'O{ O~r hUuf 5f]8]/ cfgGbk"j{s cfºgf] sfd
ug{ ;lsG5 eg] Tolt hUufsf nflu emGem6 lsg af]ls/xg] < d slxNo} d'2f
dfdnfdf km:g rfxGg . a¿ s]xL 5f]8]/ ePklg ldnfkq u5'{ . o;n] d]/f]
lhGbuL w]/} k6s em~em6df km:gaf6 ar]sf] 5 . To;}n] t cfºgf] lbdfunfO{
pBf]u, Jofkf/ / ;Tsfo{df k|of]u ug{ kfO/x]sf] 5' .
;f7L jif{kZrft\ cjsfz lnP/ cfkm"n] cfh{g u/]sf] z}lIfs ljwf

cGtu{t cfºgf] ;f]vsf s'/f ug'{, dg ldNg] ldqx¿l;t a;]/ gof“ sfd ug'{
/ clncln k};f klg sdfpg kfpg' 7"nf] ;'vsf] s'/f xf] . cfºg} 3/df
clkm; /fv]sf] 5' . rf}aL;} 306f cfºgL >LdtLsf] x“l;nf] d'xf/ x]g{ kfO/x]sf]
5', Vofn7§f ug{ kfO/x]sf] 5' . >LdtLl;t s'/f u/]/ af]/ ePkl5 e'Otnfdf
/x]sf] clkm;df cfP/ ;fyLx¿l;t a;L sfd ug{ kfO/x]sf] 5' . b'O6} 5f]/fx¿
x'ls{;s], cf–cfºg} 3/df a:5g\\ / kfl/jfl/s Joj;fonfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s
;+rfng ul//fv]sf 5g\ . 7"nL 5f]/Lsf] Joj:yf klg /fd|f] 5 . 5 jif{;Dd
a]lNhodsf] ljZjljBfnodf pRr lzIff xfl;n u/]/ klg cfºg} 3/df a;]/
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u[x:yLsf] sfd ub}{ cfºgf] Joj;fo klg ;“u;“u} ;+rfng ul//x]sL 5g\ .
k}tfnL; jif{df bf];|f] ljjfxkZrft\ Pp6L k|ltefzfnL 5f]/L kfPsf 5f}+
t[ifflUg . clxn] pgL rf}w jif{ k'u]sL 5g\\ / d]/f] v]nf}gf h:tL ePsL 5g\\ .
t[iff 5l/tL / tLI0f a'l4sL klg 5g\ . aRrL g} 5“bf d}n] pgnfO{ chd]/sf]
d]of] :s"ndf egf{ ul/lbPsf] lyP“ . To; :s"ndf pgsf] s]xL ef/tLo
/hf}6fx¿sf aRrfx¿l;t ;}4flGts dgd'6fj k/]5 . tL aRrfx¿n] cfºgf]
3/df sfd ug]{ ;a} gf]s/x¿ g]kfnLx¿ x'g\ eg]kl5 t[iffn] klg g]kfndf
dfUg]x¿ ;a} ef/tLo d"nsf x'G5g\ eg]/ rrf{ p7fO5g\ . pgLx¿sf] Tof]
v6k6n] 7"n} ¿k lnPkl5 cGtdf d]/L 5f]/Ln] laxfg—laxfg ufpg' kg]{
ef/tLo /fli6«o uLt …hgu0fdgÚ ufpg} 5f]l85g\ . of] s'/f lk|lG;knsx“f ;Dd
k'u]kl5 pgn] dnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ chd]/ af]nfOg\ . 5f]/LnfO{ …hgu0fdgÚ eg]sf]
ljZjk|l;4 slj /jLGb|gfy 6}uf]/sf] /rgf ePsf] x'“bf o;nfO{ ef/tsf] /fli6«o
uLt g7fg]/ Pp6f /fd|f] uLtsf] ¿kdf ufpg' egL ;DemfP“ . ha pgn]
ef/tLo s]6fs]6Lx¿;“usf] jfbljjfbsf af/]df elgg\, dnfO{ d]/L 5f]/Lsf]

/fli6«o efjgfdfly uf}/j nfUof] . clg pgnfO{ Toxf“af6 lems]/ g]kfnd} /ftf]
a+unf :s"ndf /flvof] . clxn] pgn] :s"ndf klg /fd|f] ul//x]sL 5g\ .
lhGbuLdf cg]s ;fdflhs / 3/fo;L ;d:ofx¿ cfp“5g\\ . slxn]

d]/f] tk{maf6 e"n x'G5 eg] slxn] c¿x¿af6 . t/ slxNo} klg dgd'6fasf
tLtf—dL7f 36gfx¿ gcfpg] eP zfob o;nfO{ lhGbuL klg elgb}gYof]
xf]nf . lhGbuL u'nfasf] /x/nfUbf] k"mndfq xf]Og, km"n;“u} x'g] sf“8f klg xf] .
lhGbuLsf] d"n nIo ljsf; / ;DkGgtfdfq xf]Og, dfgl;s ;'v klg xf] .
o;}sf nflu xfdL ;a} cgj/t kl/>d ul//x]sf x'G5f}+ . cGttM d]/f]
lhGbuLdf y'k— |} y'k|} dL7f / tLtf 36gfx¿ cfP . t/ b'Mvdf ;'v vf]Hg] /
r'gf}tLaf6 k|ult ug]{ cfºgf] OR5f / nIo ePsf] x'“bf s'g} ;dodf b'Mv
ef]Ubf—ef]Ub} clxn] cfºg} vfnn] ;'vdo hLjgofkg ul//x]sf] 5' h:tf] dnfO{
nfU5 . s;}k|lt d]/f] l/;—/fu 5}g / lhGbuLsf] clGtd If0f;Dd o;/L g}
lhGbufgL latfpg ;lsof];\ egL eujfg;“u k|fy{gf ub{5' .
299
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***
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kl/R5]b—!*
lbJobz{g †
æs] tkfO{+ SofG;/sf] la/fdL x'g'x'G5 < olb x'g'x'G5 eg] sf]7fleq n's]/
d[To'nfO{ kv]{/ a:g'eGbf cfpgf];\ xfdL ;a} ldn]/ Pp6f ;d"x agfp“m . Tof]
;d"xdf xfdL ;w}+ e]6f}+, Vofn7§f u/f}+, /dfOnf] u/f}+ / af“sL lhGbuL OHht /
k'mlt{sf ;fy cfk"mn] h]hlt ug{ ;S5f}+, Tolt u/]/ latfp“m . d[To'sf] ;+3f/df
k'u]sf JolQmx¿ sf]xLb]lv s]xLb]lv 8/fpb}gg\, e"m6f] af]Nb}gg\ / pgLx¿sf]
s'/f ;a}n] ;'G5g\ . hgtfn] ;'Gg]5g\, g]tfn] ;'Gg]5g\\, /fhfn] ;'Gg]5g\\ /
dfcf]jfbLdf nfu]sf JolQmx¿n] klg ;'Gg]5g\ . Tof] lgeL{s zlQm af]s]sf]
;d"xsf] cfjfh ;dfh / b]z ;]jfsf lglDt a'nGb kfg]{ xf] eg] g]kfn h:tf]
;fgf] d'n'sdf w]/} sfd ug{, u/fpg ;lsG5 . pkef]Qmfx¿sf] cfjfhnfO{
a'nGb kfg{ ;lsG5 . ;/sf/sf] cf“vf vf]Ng ;lsG5 / hgtfnfO{ xf]:6]df x}+;]
u/fpg ;lsG5 . cfpgf];\ of] ;d"xnfO{ lqmofzLn agfcf}+ .Æ
kv{gf];\ Psl5g\ † lstfk ;lsof] eg]sf] t 5'6fpg} gx'g] s'/f af“sL

g} /x]5 . lrtjgsf] dgf]/d k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf /x]sf] d]/f] df?gL ;]Gr'/L
nhdf ;ft lbg a;]/ lbgsf] emG8} afx|306fsf] n]vfOkl5 of] lstfjsf]
klxnf] d;f}bf l;l4Ph:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . laxfgsf] a|]skmf:6 vfP/ d]/f kL=P=
;fsf/ skfnL;“u ?vsf] 5fof“d'lg a;L cf“vf lrlDnP/ d af]Nb} hfGy]+, ;fsf/
l6Kb} hfGy] . dg / dl:tissf] d'xfgaf6 k'm6]/ cfPsf /¨t/¨ / cGt/¨
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Psrf]l6 au]kl5 lg/Gt/ alu/x“bf/x]5g\ . dflg;x¿sf] sfg} k'm6\nf h:tf]
sf]nfxnaf6 6f9f, h¨naLr r/fr'?¨Lsf] ;'dw'/ cfjfh ;'Gb} dgsf] s'/f
kf]Vg kfpg' clt g} /dfOnf] x'“bf]/x]5 . a|]skmf:6 vfP/ n]Vg ;'¿ u¥of],
lem;ld; c“Wof/f] ePkl5dfq lj>fd lnGYof}+ . lbp“;f]sf] vfgf klg ToxL+,

lrof gf:tf ;a} ToxL+ .
rf};7\7L k]hsf kf“rj6f sfkLdf 6Dd n]lv;s]kl5 dgdf Psvfn]

;Gtf]ifsf] efjgf hfu]sf] lyof] . k|f/lDes n]vg l;WofP/ ;ft lbgkl5
;/f;/ 3/ kmls{of}+ . d]/f >4]o ldq e}/j l/;fnnfO{ 5'6k'6 gldn]sf zAb /
efiffnfO{ ;fdfGo ldnfOlbg] cfu|x ub}{ d]/f] ;f]rsf] klxnf] x:tlnlvt
kf08'lnlk lbP“ . e}/j l/;fnl;tsf] d]/f] lrgfkrL{ em08} ;q jif{ k'/fgf] xf] .
kl5 ;+/If0f If]qdf xfdLn] ldn]/} s]xL sfd klg u/]sf lyof}+ . pxf“ h:tf]
jl/i7 kqsf/n] d]/f] n]vgLnfO{ ;RofOlbg :jLs[lt lbg'ePsf]df d pxf“k|lt
w]/} cfef/L 5' . d b¨ k/]/ lstfj 5kfpg] t/v/df lyP“ .
ToxL a]nf cs:dft\ d]/f] 9f8 b'Vof] . x'g t sDd/d'lgsf] efu

clncln ysfO{ nfUg] u/L b'lv/fv]sf] Ps 8]9 dlxgf g} e};s]sf] lyof] . d}n]
jf:tf u/]sf] lyOg . To;} lgsf] e}xfNnf egL x]k]/ a;]sf] lyP“ . t/ Tof] lbg
cfºgf] hLpnfO{ cln a+UofP/ 6]lnkmf]gsf] l/l;e/ p7fpg vf]h]sf] dfq s]
lyP“, sDd/ Psbd ;xg} g;Sg] u/L b'Vof] . ;Dk"0f{ hLp ;flns h:tf],
rnfpg} gx'g], ;f; k]mg{;d]t uf¥xf], d'vaf6 cfjfh lgsfNg klg p:t} sl7g
eof] . b'O{ ldg]6 hlt h:tfsf] t:t} a:ofa:of} u/]+ / kl5 e'ml;lNs/f h:t}
l3l;|P/ la:tf/} sf]7faf6 aflx/ lgl:sP“ . la:tf/} a;L—a;L e¥ofªaf6
cf]ln{P“ . clg 8«fOe/nfO{ af]nfP/ gle{s c:ktfn k'u]+ . cfsl:ds sIfdf
k'Ugf;fy 8fS6/ /fjtn] dnfO{ Pp6f gb'Vg] OGh]S;g lbg nufP“ . Psl5g
cf/fd ePkl5 d]/L >LdtLn] 3/ kms{g] s'/f ul/g\ t/ Ps}l5g cl3sf]]
kL8fnfO{ ;Dembf cfª g} l;l/ª eof] . b'O— { rf/ lbg c:ktfnd} a;]/ c¿
yk k/LIf0f ug]{ lgwf] u/]+ .
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8fS6/ pk]Gb| b]jsf]6fsf] /fodf d]/f] 9f8sf] x8\8L k'm:sg vf]h]sf]

lyof] t/ ;dod} k/LIf0f ePsf] x'“bf To;f] x'g kfPg /] . b'O{ xKtf;Ddsf] …a]8
/]i6Ú kZrft\ ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ul/of] . To; qmddf Pd=cf/=cfO{ / cN6«f
;fpG8 klg lnOof] . cN6«f ;fpG8df k|f]:6]6 u|GyL 7"nf] ePsf] kfOof] . x'g t
dnfO{ lk;fa kf]Ng] / lk;fk ;DaGwL s'g} ;d:of lyPg . t}klg k|f]:6]6 a9]sf]
eg]kl5 lk;fa ubf{ x'g' kg]{ axfjdf cln sdL ePsf] 5 ls h:tf] dx;';
u/]+ . k|f]:6]6 hf“r u/fpgsf lglDt 5f]/f ;'gLnsf] ;fyL 8f= k|bLk j}Bl;t
;Nnfx u/]+ . k|bLk ;h{g x'g\ . bz jif{kl5 oL 8fS6/ g]kfnsf lrlsT;s—
x¿sf] cu|k+lQmdf k'Ug]5g\, of] d]/f] bfjf xf] . s'g}klg nf]e, nfn;f gePsf] /
;w}+ la/fdLsf] /]vb]vdf tNnLg x'g] o:tf d]xgtL / OdfGbf/ 8fS6/ d}n]
g]kfndf la/n} b]v]sf] 5' . 3d08 k6Ss} 5}g, hlxn] klg x“l;nf b]lvG5g\ .
k|bLkn] lk;fk /f]u ;DaGwL ljz]if1 8fS6/ ef]nf hf]zLl;t e]6\g] ;do
ldnfOlbP . 8f= hf]zLn] d]/f] k|f]:6]6 hf“r u/] . #% u|fdeGbf a9L gx'g' kg]{
d]/f] k|f]:6]6 $% u|fd k'u]sf] /x]5 . /ut hf“rdf klg $ ;Dd k'Ug' kg]{ PSA
!$ k'u]sf] kfOof] . kl5 k|f]:6]6leq d]lzg k7fP/ cN6«f ;fp08 ubf{ tLg j6f
;fgf—;fgf l;i6x¿ klg e]§fOof] . oL tLg j6fsf] nIf0fn] s]xL xb;Dd
SofG;/ ePsf] ;+s]t lb+bf]/x]5 .
SofG;/sf] If]qdf eg], ;'g]sf s'/fx¿ / o;df cfºgf] s]xL cWoog

ePsf] x'“bf d rflxg]eGbf a9L ;ts{ x'g k'u]+ . 8/ t nfu]g t/ ;z+lst eg]
cjZo eP“ . 8f= k|bLkn] PSA sd xf]nf ls eg]/ !$ lbg;Dd PlG6afof]l6s
lbP . cf}iflwsf] ;a} sf];{ k"/f ePkl5 k]ml/ /utsf] hf“r ul/of] . t/ PSA
k6Ss} 36]g . !$ sf] !$ d} c8\lsP/ al;/x\of] . 8f= ef]nf hf]zL, 8f= k|bLk
j}B, d / d]/f 5f]/fx¿ a;]/ 5nkmn u¥of}+ . ca cufl8 s;/L a9\g] < ;a}
z+sf ;dfwfg ug{sf] lglDt afof]K;L ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvof] . d]/f] h]7f
5f]/fn] dnfO{ l;+ufk'/ / a}+ssdf nUg] ljrf/ u/] . t/ d}n] eg] g]kfn aflx/
hfg] ljrf/} ul/g . h:tf];'s} /fd|f] Joj:yf ePklg ljb]z hf“bf la/fdLnfO{
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dfq xf]Og, ;f/f kl/jf/n] g} dfgl;s b'Mv ef]Ug'k5{ eGg] s'/f dnfO{ /fd|/L
yfxf lyof] . h];'s} ePklg pkrf/ :jb]zd} u5'{ eGg] d}n] lgwf] u/]+ . t/
k|f]:6]6sf] afof]K;L cln hl6n ePsf] x'“bf c¿ 8fS6/ ldqx¿n] klg l;+ufk'/
jf a}+ssd} hrfpg' kg]{ ;Nnfx lbP . g]kfndf k|f]:6]6sf] afof]K;L ug]{
pks/0f klg /x]g5 .
;nnNn aUb} /x]sf] d]/f] lhGbuLsf] vf]nf cs:dft\ Pp6f kxf8df

7Ss/ vfPsf] h:tf] dnfO{ dx;'; eof] . s]xL l5gsf nflu d csdSs k/]+ .
cln 8/ klg nfUof], s] x'g nfUof] eg]/ . lhGbuLsf cg]s jf:tljstfsf
t:jL/x¿ cufl8 ememlNsP t/ la:tf/}—la:tf/} d]/f] dg alnof] x'“b} uPsf]

d}n] cg'ej u/]+ . d}n] ;f]r]+ d clxn] ;f7L gfl3;s]sf] 5' . cfd g]kfnL
hgtfn] eGbf a9L af“lr/x]sf] 5' . cflv/ lhGbuL slt nfdf] af“Rg] < ;Q/L <
c:;L < jf gAa] < slt;Dd af“Rg] < Ps g Ps lbg t hfg' g} 5 eGg]
w|'j;TonfO{ u|x0f ug{ vf]h+], u|x0f u/]+ klg . ;f“Rr} uf¥xf] /x]g5
jf:tljstfnfO{ a'¤g, cfTd;ft\ ug{ . d}n] cfk"mn] cfk}+mnfO{ ljZj:t kfg]{
k|of; u/]+ . g]kfnsf] ljBdfg /fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf Pp6f
dflg;n] h]hlt ug{ ;S5, Tolt d}n] ul/;s+] h:tf] nfUof] . d]/f] dgdf ca
of] ug{ af“sL 5, Tof] ug{ afsL 5 eGg] cw'/f] ;kgf 5}g . cfk"mn] h]hlt
ug{;Sy]+, Tof] ;a} ul/;s]sf] 5' . cfºgf] nflu dfq xf]Og, c¿sf nflu klg
d}n] e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf] 5' h:tf] dnfO{ nfUof] . ;'Tg] a]nf, PSn} a:g] a]nf
d}n] xfl;n u/]sf ;kmntf, pknlAwx¿ ;DemGy]+ . cfºgf pknlAwx¿nfO{
s]nfp“b} hf“bf d cfk}+mk|lt ljZj:t aGy]+ . dnfO{ nfUof], d}n] sL6kt¨ jf kz'
eP/ lhGbuL af“r]sf] 5}g / eljiodf To;/L dg]{ klg 5}g . Pp6f
lrGtgzLn, pQ/bfoL dflg; eP/ af“r]sf] 5' / d]/f] lhGbuL hlt af“sL
/xG5, uj{sf ;fy af“R5' eGg] dgdf cfof] .
a8f] alnof] 5 ;f]r . o:tf] ;+j]bgzLn / 8/nfUbf] cj:yfdf klg

d]/f] ;f]rnfO{ ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fdf 9fn]/ d}n] cfk"mnfO{ alnof] kf/]+ .
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dg alnof] eP/ cfof] . sf]7fdf P]gf x]/L PSn} ;';]nL xfnL dgdg}
u'gu'gfpy]+, æcf † s] 5 / of] lhGbuLdf ug{ a“fsL, ug'k{ g]{ hlt ul/;s]sf] 5',
Come on Karna, don't worry be happyÆ . d cfk+}m ljZj:t x'Gy]+ ca dnfO{
sy+sbflrt\ s]xL eOxfNof] eg] klg d OHhtsf ;fy af“R5' . d]/f] cf“vfdf
s'g} 8/ ePg, r]x/f ;z+lst 5}g / d]/f] b}lgsLdf klg d}n] s'g} kl/jt{g
cfpg lbOg“ .
t/ d]/f] kl/jf/sf] r]x/fdf d}n] cb[Zo kL8fsf d"s t:jL/x¿

b]Vgyfn]+ . d]/L >LdtL ;'zLnf, d]/f 5f]/fx¿, 5f]/Lx¿ af]Ng rfx]/ klg af]Ng
;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ . /f]usf af/]df d'vn] s]xL af]Nb}gy] t/ pgLx¿leq n's]sf]
;'if'Kt z+sf / 8/ d Ps—Ps u/L k9\b} lyP“ . d xf“:b}, Vofn7§f ub}{ pgL—
x¿nfO{ eGy]+, æP dt k'5f] sn Sof xf]uf, hf] eL xf]uf cR5f xf]uf .Æ hxfg
kl/jf/l;t /f]usf ;DaGwdf v'n:t 5nkmn u/]+ . o:tf] wldnf] a]nf s'/fnfO{
n'sfP/, jf:tljstfaf6 efu]/ lhGbuL latfpg' d"v{tfh:tf] nfUof] . h] 5
Tof] v'n:t u¥of] eg] Psl5g b'Mv xf]nf t/ kl5 Tof] jf:tljstfnfO{ ;a}n]
u|x0f ub}{ hfG5g\\ .
d]/f 5f]/f5f]/L ;a}n] OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 k|f]:6]6df olb SofG;/

eOxfNof] eg]klg o;n] slt xb;Dd b'Mv lbg ;S5 eGg] s'/fx¿ klg
cWoog u/]sf /x]5g\ . cfhsf] :jf:Yo lj1fgn] w]/} pknlAw xfl;n
ul/;s]sf] 5 . eG5g\, k|f]:6]6 SofG;/ nfu]sf dflg;x¿ SofG;/af6 eGbfklg
c¿ g} /f]un] dg]{ u5{g\ /] † k|f]:6]6sf] SofG;/ af]s]/ klg bz—af¥x jif{
;lhn} af“Rg ;ls+bf]/x]5 . of] /f]unfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ w]/} k|ljlw / pkfox¿
pknAw 5g\\ . oL ;sf/fTds s'/fn] d / d]/f] kl/jf/nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd
;fGTjgf klg lbP . jf:tjdf k|f]:6]6df SofG;/ x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf w]/} sd
x'G5 . oBlk SofG;/ eGgf;fy ;a}sf] dgdf d[To'306f alhxfN5 .
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;f]r
o:t} z+sf pkz+sf lnP/ d]/f] 7"nf] 5f]/f ;'gLn / d a}+sssf]
a'd?üf8{ xl:k6ndf k'Uof}+ . sfG5L 5f]/L :s'n hfg' kg{] x'“bf ;'zLnfnfO{
lnP/ hfg ;lsg . ;'zLnfnfO{ lnP/ cfpg gkfp“bf d]/f] dg ux|f} nfu]sf]
lyof] . c:ktfn cufl8 /f]ls+bf d}n] 6\ofS;L 8fOe/nfO{ xfdL xf]6]ndf xf]Og
c:ktfn hfg vf]h]sf] atfP“ . 8«fOe/n] xf“;]/ æof] xf]6]n xf]Og c:ktfn g}
xf]Æ eGof] . emG8} kGw| lkm6 uf]nfOsf chfodfg cUnf—cUnf s+lqm6
lkn/x¿ 6nSs 6lNsg] qmf]d l:6nsf kftfn] df]l8Psf lyP . c:ktfnsf] e'O{
tnfdf lkHhf x6, Pef]k]+, s]G6sL k|mfO8 lrs]g h:tf gfp“ rn]sf r]g
/]i6'/]G6x¿ lyP . leq skmLb]lv cg]s :jflbi6 kl/sf/sf vfgfx¿sf] jf:gf
cfO/x]sf] lyof] . c:ktfnsf] uGw k6Ss} lyPg . l/;]Kzgdf :jb]zL / ljb]zL
la/fdLsf nflu cnUu} sfpG6/x¿ lyP . c:ktfnsf] cfºg} kf“r tf/] ;/xsf]
xf]6]n lyof] . xfdLn] ToxL a:g]6'¨f] u¥of}+ .
c:ktfnsf] /dfOnf] jftfj/0fn] xfd|f] u¥xf}+ dg Ps}l5gdf xn'sf]

eOxfNof] . !#)) ef6 ofg] @^)) ?lkof“ lt/]/ a:g kfOg] xl:k6ns}
…/]lh8]lG;onÚ sf]7f ;x'lnotk"0f{, ;Gtf]ifhgs / ;'ljwfhgs klg lyof] .
Pp6f ;'Tg] sf]7f, Pp6f 8«Oª ?d / Pp6f ;fgf] efG5f . To; c:ktfndf
cd]l/sf, ci6«]lnof, ;fpbL c/a / a+unfb]zaf6 ;d]t 7"nf ;+Vofdf
la/fdLx¿ cfpg] /x]5g\ . olb rfxg] xf]] eg] …:jf:Yo ko{6gÚ s;/L ljsf;
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f Toxf“ :ki6 b]Vg ;lsGYof] . dflg;n] vfgfdf sGh':ofO“
u5{g\, nfpgdf sGh':ofO{+ u5{g\ t/ :jf:Yof]krf/df k};f vr{ ug{
lxlRsrfp“b}gg\ . To;}n] cfhsn …d]l8sn 6'l/hd\Ú sf] cjwf/0ff w]/} 7fp“df
ljsl;t e};s]sf] 5 . t/ c:ktfn hlt;'s} /fd|f] ePklg dgdf z+sf
pkz+sf af]s]/ dflg; xf“:g ;Sb}g / /dfOnf] ug{ ;Sb}g . ;'gLnn] dnfO{
v'zL kfg{ /fd|f] /]i6'/]G6 hfg] s'/f u/] . d klg pgnfO{ af]/ xf]nf eg]/ /fd|}
7fp“df vfg hfg] s'/f uy]{+ . afa' 5f]/fsf] dg /fVg vf]H5, 5f]/f afa'sf] . t/
aLrsf] Pp6f kftnf] z+sfsf] kbf{df 7Ss/ vfPkl5 ;a} OR5f / cfsf+Iffx¿
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;f]r
x/fP/ hfG5g\ . s'/f ug{ vf]H5', s'/} cfpb}g . cflv/ c:ktfn eg]sf] t
c:ktfn} g xf] † s]xL z+sf ge} dgf]/~hg ug{ egL sf] kf] hfG5 / c:ktfn †
;'gLn / d]/f] aLrsf] clxn]sf] dfgl;s cj:yf cfheGbf ;q jif{

klxn] a}+sss} ;ldlte]h c:ktfndf k'u]sf d / d]/L klxn]sL >LdtL aLrsf]
cj:yfeGbf km/s lyPg . km/s Pp6} lyof], klxnf d la/fdL s'?jf lyP
clxn] d cfk}+m la/fdLsf] e"ldsfdf 5' . To;sf/0f ;'gLnsf] dgleq s:tf]
kL8f 5 / p;sf] dgdf s] s:tf Hjf/ef6f pl7/x]sf 5g d PsPs cg'ej
ug{ ;Sy]+ . ef]lnkN6 8fS6/nfO{ e]6\g uP“ . ;a} l/kf]6{ b]vfP“ / pgLx¿nfO{
klg s]xL cg';Gwfg ug{ nufP“ . kl5 afof]K;L hf“r ug'{kg]{ lgwf] eof] .
8fS6/n] ;Lwf zAbdf eg] of] cj:yfdf tL; k|ltzt SofG;/ x'g;Sg]
;Defjgf 5 . sf7df8f}+df xfdLn] o;af/] yfxf kfO;s]sf] x'“bf 8fS6/sf] Tof]
cleJolQmaf6 xfdL slQ lxlRsrfPgf}+ . vfln sf7df8f}+df b'O{b]lv bz
k|ltztsf] z+sf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] Toxf“ tL; k|ltztsf] z+sf ul/of] . t/
Psrf]l6 SofG;/ eof] ls eg]/ z+sf ul/;s]kl5 bz jf tL; k|ltztn] s]xL
km/s kfb}{g /x]5 . ToxL qmddf d]/f] 9f8 klg cln b'v]sf] x'“bf af]g :Soflgª
ug]{ ;Nnfx lbOof] . 8fS6/sf] egfO cg';f/ slxn]sfxL+ k|f]:6]6df SofG;/
eof]eg] rfn} gkfOsg xf8df klg ;g{ ;Sbf]/x]5 . Tof] ;'Ggf;fy Psl5g
dnfO{ 8/ nfUof] . dnfO{ yfxf lyof] To;sf] dtna s] xf] eg]/ . olb xf8df
SofG;/n] 5f]O;s]sf] 5 eg] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/sf k|lqmof Psbd hl6n x'G5g\,

uf¥xf] x'G5 / Aff“Rg] ;do klg sd x'G5 . SofG;/sf] If]qdf nfu]sf] x'“bf
dnfO{ of] s'/f yfxf lyof] . t/ d}n] Tof] s'/f ;'gLnnfO{ eg] elgg“ .
af]g:Sofg u/]sf] af¥x 306fkl5 cyf{t\ ef]lnkN6dfq l/kf]6 lng

cfpg 8fS6/n] lgb]{zg lbP . Tof] af¥x 306fsf] ;do d]/f] lhGbuLsf]] csf]{
Pp6f cK7\of/f] df]8 lyof] . lsgeg] af]g :Soflgªsf] l/kf]6{df d]6fl;; ePsf]
b]lvof] eg] ;Dk"0f{ /f]usf] pkrf/ k|lqmofdf cfsfz / hldgsf] km/s
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;f]r
x'g]x'G5 . /fte/ dnfO{ ef]lnsf] l/kf]6{ s:tf] xf]nf eGg] lh1f;fn] ps';—
d's'; kf¥of] . t/ ToxL a]nf d]/f] ;f]rdf Pp6f gof“ kl/jt{g cfof] . ;f]rsf]
8/nfUbf] / kL8fhgs kIfnfO{ bafP/ olb af]g :Soflgªdf SofG;/sf] c+z
b]lvOxfNof] eg] Tof] cj:yfdf s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fsf]
vf]hLdf nfu]+ . dfG5]sf] dg klg uhasf] x'“bf] /x]5, cflv/ dg} g xf] . /fd|f]
kIf x]g]{ afgL a;fNg] xf] eg] gsf/fTds ;f]r bafpg w]/} uf¥xf] gx'g] /x]5 .
d}n] ljrf/ u/]+, olb xf8df SofG;/n] 5f]Oxfn]sf] /x]5 eg]klg d sf7df8f}+df
uP/ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf 6ld{gn SofG;/ la/fdLx¿sf] Pp6f ;d"x
agfp“5' / ;f] ;d"xdfkm{t cfºg} vfnsf ;fdflhs sfd u5'{ . To:fsf nflu
s;/L k|rf/ ug]{ eg]/ of]hgf agfP“ . sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k"/f k]h lj1fkg
lbgsf lglDt cfºg} dgsf] ;]tf] sfuhdf sNkgfsf] d;Ln] Pp6f d;f}bf sf]/]+ .
æs] tkfO{+ SofG;/sf] la/fdL x'g'x'G5 < olb x'g'x'G5 eg] sf]7fleq
n's]/ d[To'nfO{ kv]/{ a:g'eGbf cfpgf];\ xfdL ;a} ldn]/ Pp6f ;d"x agfp“m .
Tof] ;d"xdf xfdL ;w}+ e]6f}+, Vofn7§f u/f}+, /dfOnf] u/f}+ / a“fsL lhGbuL
OHht / k'mlt{sf ;fy cfk"mn] h]hlt ug{ ;S5f}+ Tolt u/]/ latfp“m . d[To'sf]
;+3f/df k'u]sf JolQmx¿ sf]xLb]lv 8/fpb}gg\, e'm6f] af]Nb}gg\ / pgLx¿sf]
s'/f ;a}n] ;'G5g\ . hgtfn] ;'Gg]5g\, g]tfn] ;'Gg]5g\\, /fhfn] ;'Gg]5g\\ /
dfcf]jfbLdf nfu]sf JolQmx¿n] klg ;'Gg]5g\ . Tof] lgeL{s zlQm af]s]sf]
;d"xsf] cfjfh ;dfh / b]z ;]jfsf] lglDt a'nGb kfg]{ xf] eg] g]kfnh:tf]
;fgf] d'n'sdf w]/} sfd ug{ u/fpg ;lsG5 . pkef]Qmfx¿sf] cfjfhnfO{
a'nGb kfg{ ;lsG5 . ;/sf/sf] cf“vf vf]Ng ;lsG5 / hgtfnfO{ xf]:6]df x}+;]
u/fpg ;lsG5 . cfpgf];\ of] ;d"xnfO{ lqmofzLn agfcf}+ .Æ
of] kl/sNkgfsf] /ªn] ha d]/f] dgdl:tisnfO{ /ªfOlbof], d emg\

ulx/f] ;f]rdf k'Ug yfn]+ . d c¿ pT;flxt eP“, ef]ln s] xf]nf eGg] dgsf]
8/ ufoa eof] . To; ;d"xnfO{ Jofjxfl/s 9äf6 s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{
;lsG5, s;/L ;lqmo agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] Joj:yfksLo ;f]rdf d 8'Ag
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;f]r
nfu+] . Ps lsl;dn] /dfOnf] eof] Pp6f cgf}7f] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug]{ Pp6f
;f]rdf 8'Ag kfp“bf . s]xL If0fsf] ;f]rljrf/kl5 d s'g a]nf lgbfP“, xf];}
ePg . laxfg gf} ah] ;'gLn / d 8fS6/sxf“ k'Uof}+ s]xL 8/, s]xL qf; lnP/ .
"Mr. Sakya, your bone scanning is perfectly allright", 8fS6/sf] s'/f ;'Ggf;fy
d]/f] d'xf/df x7ft\ Pp6f v'zLsf] nx/ 5rlNsof] .
8fS6/nfO{ wGojfb lb+b} 5f]/fnfO{ c¨fnf] df/]/ aflx/ lgl:sP“ . /fd|f]

va/ 8fS6/n] ;'gfPkl5 af]gdf SofG;/sf] c+z k]mnf k/]sf] eP s:tf] uf¥xf]
x'GYof] xf]nf eGg] s'/f d}n] ;'gLnnfO{ eGg vf]h]+ t/ ;'gLnnfO{ oL ;a} s'/f
klxn] g} yfxf /x]5 . p;n] klg n'sLn'sL o;af/] OG6/g]6df w]/} cWoog
ul/;s]sf] /x]5 . uhasf] /x]5 afa' 5f]/fsf] ;DaGw . afa'n] 5f]/fnfO{
b'Mvaf6 6f9f /fVg rfxg], clg 5f]/fn] afa'nfO{ . x'g t d]/f] / ;'gLnsf]
pd]/df pGgfO; jif{dfq km/s 5 . o;f] x]bf{ xfdL bfh'efO h:t} b]lvG5f}+ .
pGgfO;—aL; jif{sf] cNnf/] hf]jgd} d afa' x'g k'u]sf] x'“bf d}n] ;'gLnk|lt
slxNo} afa'sf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] lyOg . cfk}+m aRrf lyP“ . Pp6f
aRrfn] csf]{ aRrfnfO{ s;/L x'sf{pg] < ;'gLnsf] nfngkfng d]/L cfdf /
lbbLn] ug'{x'GYof] . d rflx+ cNnf/] s]6fsf] ¿kdf lbg latfpg] uy]{+ . xfdL
;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a;]sf] x'“bf d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ Kof/, dfof, :g]x cfºgf] 5f]/fx¿nfO{
eGbfklg d]/f elthf—elthLx¿nfO{ af“l8lbGy] . t/ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs
kl/j]zdf /utsf] gftf c;fWo} ulx/f] x'g] /x]5 . afa'n] 5f]/fnfO{ dfof ug{
g;s] tfklg cflv/ afa'k|ltsf] 5f]/fsf] dfof slxNo} sd gx'g] /x]5 . h'g
a]nf d a}+ssdf k'u+], dk|ltsf] ;'gLnsf] dfof emg\emg\ a9b} uPsf] lyof] . d
;'t]+ ls ;'ltg“, lgbfP“ ls lgbfOg“ egL 9f]sfsf] vfkf la:tf/} ws]nL ;'gLn
d]/f] kn+udf x]g]{ uYof]{ . deg] cf“vf lrlDn/x]sf] x'Gy]+ t/ ;'gLnn]
lrofO/fv]sf] dnfO{ yfxf x'GYof] . ha pm nfdf] ;do;Dd afy?ddf
al;/xGYof], dnfO{ yfxf x'GYof]— pm d]/} af/]df ;f]lr/x]sf] 5 of /f]O/x]sf] 5 .
yfxf kfp“bfkfp“b} klg p;nfO{ d s]xL eGg ;ls/x]sf] x'Ggy] . lsgeg]
To;af/] d}n] s]xL s'/f pNn]v ugf{;fy PSsf;L p;sf] dgsf] efj's af“w
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;f]r
k'm6\g ;SYof] . hfgfhfgL p;sf] kL8fbfoL efjgfnfO{ d xn'sf] kf/fn]
lnOlbGy]+ / cGo /fhgLlts, ;d;fdlos ljifodf p;nfO{ cndNofpg
vf]Hy+] . p;nfO{ d of] efg kfg{ rfxGgy+] ls dnfO{ s'g} 8/ / qf;n]
;tfO/x]sf] 5 . d 7Ls 5' / ef]ln h:tf];'s} ePklg d ;fdgf ug{ tof/ 5'
eGg] efjgf p;nfO{ af]w u/fpg rfxGy+] . To;/L g} d}n] d]/f] >LdtL ;'zLnf
/ 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?nfO{ g]kfndf x/]slbg 6]lnkmf]g u/]/ dg /fVg] s'/fx?
ul//fVy]+ .
af]g :Soflgªdf ha s]xL e]§fOPg, d]/f] ;f]rsf] wf/ g} cs}{ eof],

efjL sfo{qmdsf] Ph]G8f g} kl/jt{g x'g yfNof] . Pp6f ;f]r / b[li6sf]0fnfO{
cs}{ df]8df nUg yfn]+ . Pp6f cK7\of/f] / 8/nfUbf] ;d:of t x6\of] .
k|f]:6]6sf] afof]K;L ug{ eg] af“sL g} lyof] . t}klg ca dg w]/} xn'sf] eof]
;'gLnsf] klg, d]/f] klg . s]xL e}xfNof] eg]klg w]/} 8/dfGg' kg]{ cfjZostf
lyPg, sd;]sd cf7—bz jif{ t ;lhn} af“Rg ;lsG5 . ca d bz jif]{
of]hgf agfpg tNnLg eP“ .
Affof]K;L ug{sf nflu a}+ssdf 5—;ft lbg c¿ a:g' kg]{ eof] .

cfhsn krf; jif{ gf3]kl5 cfsl:ds x[bo /f]usf lglDt Pl:k|g rSsL vfg]
k|yf 5 . d klg lbgsf] Ps rSsL ;'Tg] a]nfdf vfg] uy]{+ . afof]K;L ubf{
k|f]:6]6af6 s]xL df;' lgsfNg' kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf Pl:k|g vf“bf /ut cln kftnf]
x'g] ePsf]n] …lAnl8ªÚ x'g] 8/n] Pl:k|g vfg] qmd t'?Gt} /f]lsof] / ;ft
lbgkl5 dfq afof]K;L ug]{ ltly tf]lsof] . d rfxGy]+ afof]K;L rf8} xf];\,
h]xf]nf …b]vf hfo]uf .Ú h] x'g' 5, To;nfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g eg] ;ft
lbg;Dd lsg klv{/xg] eGg] ljrf/ lyof] . dnfO{ eGbf klg ;'zLnf / d]/f]
kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] dfgl;s kL8fnfO{ d}n] ;xg ;lsg“ . cfzf /
lg/fzfsf] lkªdf xlNnP/ ;do latfpg ;lhnf] x'“b}g .
8fS6/n] eg]kl5 t kv{g} k¥of] . 5—;ft lbgsf] kvf{Odf d]/f] dgdf

cg]s s'/fx¿ bf}8g yfn] . t/ crDd nfU5, d]/f] lbdfudf slxNo} klg nf]e
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;f]r
/ nfn;f hfu]g . cfk"mn] oltsf d]xgt u/]/ agfPsf xf]6]nx¿ s;/L 5f]8]/
hfg], o:tf] cfsif{s 9¨n] dd{t—;Def/ u/]sf] d]/f] 3/ / au}+rfnfO{ d/]kl5

s;/L 5f]8]/ hfg] eGg] ljrf/ d]/f] dgdf slxNo} cfPg . of] ;f]r dnfO{ dfq
cfPsf] xf] jf c¿nfO{ klg o:t} cfp“5, dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . oL efjgfTds
Tofusf s'/fx¿ ;f]Rg] qmddf d}n] cfºgf] ;f+;fl/s dgnfO{ lht]+ . d]/f b'O{
5f]/fx¿ ;Ifd eO;s]sf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] ljjfx e};s]sf] 5 / pgLx¿n]
kfl/jfl/s pBf]u /fd|/L rnfO/fv]sf 5g\ . To:t} 7"nL 5f]/Lsf] klg ljjfx
e};s]sf] 5, HjfO{ d]xgtL / OdfGbf/ 5g\ . k"mlt{nf / nfos gflt—gfltgLx¿
klg 5g\ . pgLx¿sf af/]df d]/f] dgdf s]xL 8/ ePg . t/ d]/L >LdtL
;'zLnf / sfG5L 5f]/Lsf] eg] cln lrGtf nfUof] . vf; u/L sfG5L 5f]/L rf}w
jif{sf] slnnf] pd]/s} ePsL x'“bf pgsf] eljiok|lt d cln lrlGtt eP“ . x'g
t d klg c7f/ jif{sf] slnn} pd]/df 5“bf d]/f] a'af laTg'ePsf] lyof] . h;/L
d x'ls{P“, d]/L sfG5L 5f]/L klg To;/L g} x's]{lng\ eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . ha
af]g :Soflgªsf] glthf cfof] clg d 9'Ss eP“ . ca h:tf];'s} glthf cfP
tfklg d}n] d]/L 5f]/Lsf] cfk+}mn] nfng—kfng ug{ ;Sg] eP“ . of] s'/fn] dnfO{
emg\ alnof] kf¥of] .
dnfO{ 8/ k6Ss} nfu]g . emg\ jf:tljstfsf] t:jL/n] d]/f] d'6'

bl/nf] kfb}{ uof] . …d[To'Ú zAb ;'Gbf 8/ nfU5 t/ dgg ub}{ uof] eg] o;nfO{
;xh ¿kdf lng ;ls+bf]/x]5 . dnfO{ Tof] lbg ofb 5 ha d]/L cfdf @)#*
;fndf emG8} clGtd cj:yfdf k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“ 8fOj]l6hsf] la/fdL
x'g'x'GYof] . ;'u/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;w}+ …bfjlgnÚ eGg] cf}iflw vfg] ug'{x'GYof] . Tof]
lbg cfdfn] Ps rSsL]sf] ;§f b'O{ rSsL bfjlgn vfg'eP5 . cf}iflw vfPkl5
s]xL vfg'kg]{ /x]5, t/ cfdf Tof] /ft s]xL gvfOsg} ;'Tg'eP5 . /flt cGbfhL
b'O{ ah]lt/ hLpdf ;'u/ sd ePkl5 cs:dft\ s]xL sDkg eP5 . pxf“sf]
cf“vfsf] gfgL dfly uPsf] lyof] . lha|f] pN6f] 3'd]em}+ af]nL n/a/fpg yfn]sf]
lyof] . cfdfsf] Tof] cj:yf b]v]/ xfdL …ge{;Ú eof}+, s] ug]{ xf];} cfPg .
xfdLn] eG7fGof}+, ca s'g} ;do pxf“n] xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg'x'g]5 .
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;f]r
lbbLx¿ ?g yfNg'eof], bfO wfld{s ;"qx¿ k9\g yfNg'eof] . cfdfn]

la:tf/} d]/f] xft ;dft]/ sfgdf eGg'eof], ædnfO{ bLkÍ/ a'4sf] d"lt{ cufl8
nuL e'O“df /fv .Æ d}n] dflgg“ / t'?Gt} 8fS6/ k'is//fh ;TofnnfO{ af]nfpg“
k7fP“ . pxf“ dWo/ftd} cfpg'eof] . pxf“sf] Tof] u'0f lhGbuLdf d}n] slxNo}
la;]{sf] 5}g / cfh;Dd klg pxf“ d]/f] kl/jf/sf] Ps c¨sf] ¿kdf x'g'x'G5 .
8fS6/ ;Tofnn] s]xL pkrf/ u/]kl5 cfdf t'?Gt} :j:y x'g'eof], pxf“sf]
/utdf lrgL gk'u]sf] /x]5 . cfdfn] xf“;]/ Vofn7§f ug{ yfNg'ePkl5 d}n]
pxf“nfO{ ;f]w]+, æs] tkfO{+nfO{ klg yfxf lyof] tkfO{ clGtd cj:yf k'Ug'eof]
eg]/ <Æ æc“ dnfO{ klg nfu]sf] lyof] zfob d dg{ nfu]+ eGg], To;}n] a'4sf]
cufl8 /fv eg]sf],Æ cfdfn] a8f] cfgGbk"j{s lglZrGt ¿kn] eGg'eof] . d}n]
;f]w]+, ætkfO{nfO{ d[To'b]lv 8/ nfu]g <Æ ælsg 8/fpg' < of] hLpsf] n'uf
k]m/]/ d csf]{ hLpdf t uOxfN5' lg †Æ cfdfsf] Tof] ljZjf; / cf;sf] s'/f
;'g]/ dnfO{ klg nfUof], slt /fd|f] x'GYof] xf]nf d}n] klg d/0ff]k/fGt csf]{
lhGbuL 5 eg]/ ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg] eP . d/]kl5 ;a} vQd / ;a} z"Go eGg]
ljrf/n] xfdLnfO{ ;w}+ d[To'sf] 8/n] ;tfO/x]sf] x'G5 . d/]kl5 csf]{ lhGbuL
klg 5 eGg] cf; / ljZjf;n] dflg;nfO{ alnof] kfg{ ;S5, h:t} d]/L
cfdfnfO{ . xfdL ;w}+ cfl:ts / gfl:tsaLr a;]/ …cfugf]l:6sÚ eO{ g
wd{nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;S5f}+ g jf:tljstfsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;S5f}+ . t/ of] s'/f
klg xf]Og /x]5 . rfx\of] eg] dflg;n] sfnnfO{ klg ;xh} :jLsfg{
;Sbf]/x]5 . dflg;nfO{ xfdL hlt lgj{n eG7fG5f}+, Tolt sdhf]/ x'“b}g /x]5 .
afof]K;L ug]{ lbg cfOk'Uof] . d]/f] dgdf vf; s'g} 8/ / qf; lyPg .
h'g;'s} glthf cfPklg d ;fdgf ug{ tof/ eP/ a;]sf] lyP“ . t/ ;'gLn
cln x8a8fPsf] d}n] dx;'; u/]+, cflv/ SofG;/ eg]kl5 cln dgf]j}1flgs
tj/n] g} 8/ l;h{gf eOxfN5 . 5f]/fnfO{ 9f8; lb+b} d}n] eg], æh] ePklg
wGbf dfGg' kb}{g, xfdL o;df tof/ eP/ a:g' k5{, Let's wish for the best and
prepare for the worstÆ. Affof]:kLsf nflu ck/]zg lyP6/df hfg' kbf]{/x]5 .
312
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;f]r
n'uf ;a} k]m/]/ c:ktfnsf] ufpg nufO{ dnfO{ ck/]zg lyP6/df nluof] .
To;a]nf klg dnfO{ s'g} 8/ ePg . emg\ dg—dgdf Tof] ck/]zg lyP6/sf]
;/;kmfO{ / cfw'lgs pks/0fx¿ x]/]/ xfd|f] b]zdf klg o:t} eOlbPsf] eP
s:tf] /fd|f] x'g] lyof] eGg] efjgf kf] pbfO/x]sf] lyof] . s]xL If0fkl5
8fS6/ cfOk'u] . a]xf]z kfg]{ OGh]Szg lbOof], To;kl5 dnfO{ s]xL ofb ePg .
g ;kgf cfof] g t d]/f] dl:tisdf s'g} t/¨sf] cg'ej eof] . cf“vf vf]Nbf
t d}n] cfk"mnfO{ c:ktfnsf] vf6df kfP“ .
Affof]:kLsf] gtLhf $* 306f kl5dfq cfpg] /x]5 . afof]K;LkZrft\

d d]/} xf]6]ndf cfP/ a;] klg x'GYof] t/ k|f]:6]6df 3fp kf/L Toxf“af6 df;'sf
;—;fgf 6'qmf lems]/ lnPsf] x'“bf lk;fa kf]Ng ;Sg] (Urinery Infection) sf] w]/}
;Defjgf x'“bf c:ktfnd} Pp6} sf]7f lnP/ a:g] lgwf] u/]+ . $* 306f
latfpg cln d'lZsn g} eof] . dg hlt;'s} alnof] kf/] tfklg afof]K;Lsf]
glthf s:tf] xf]nf eGg] pT;'stf / clncln 8/ cgfof; dgdf cfOg}/x]sf]
lyof] . 8fS6/n] afof]K;Lsf] glthf clk|nsf] @( tfl/v ;f“em rf/ ah] lbG5'
eg]/ va/ k7fP . /ftL d lrGtfn] ;'Tg ;lSbg ls eGg] ;f]r]/ x'g;S5,
8fS6/n] dnfO{ lgGb|f cfpg] cf}iflw lbg vf]h]sf lyP . t/ dnfO{ crDd
nfUof], tL cGof]nk"0f{ lbgx¿df klg dnfO{ s'g} lrGtfn] ;tfPg . /ftL
/fd|};“u lgGb|f k¥of] . d}n] d]/f] dl:tisdf s'g}klg 8/ / qf;nfO{ 7fp“ g}
lbOg . dgdf s'g} s'/f cfOxfNof] eg] klg d}n] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] cfºgf
ljrf/nfO{ k|of]u ug{ yfn] . cfºgf] Ph]08f agfpgdf d tNnLg eP“ . SofG;/
/x]5 eg] s] ug]{, SofG;/ /x]g5 eg] s] ug]{ < ;Lldt cfo' / eljionfO{
Wofgdf /fvL efjL Ph]08fnfO{ ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] k|of]u ubf{ slxn]sfxL+
/dfOnf] klg x'“bf]/x]5 . d]/f] r]x/fdf 8/sf s'g} /]vfx¿ gb]v]kl5 ;'gLnsf]
cfTdljZjf; klg a9\g yfNof] . pm klg jf:tljstfsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/
ePsf] d}n] kfP“ .
cflv/ clk|n dlxgfsf] @( tfl/v cfOxfNof] . laxfg ;'gLn lrof

agfP/ v'jfpg] t/v/ ub}{ lyof] . 7Ls 5 ah]/ PsfpGg ldg]6df ljgfk"j{
313
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;f]r
;"rgf 8fS6/ d]/f] sf]7fleq k;] . To;a]nf d cf“vf lrlDnP/ vf6df To;}
klN6/x]sf] lyP“ . vf6sf] af/df /flv/fv]sf] d]/f] bflxg] xftdf cfºgf] xft
/fVb} v'zL eP/ awfO{ lb+b} 8fS6/n] eg]+ "Mr. Sakya, you are very lucky. There
is no cancer in your biopsy test, congratulation". 8fS6/sf] s'/f ;'g]/ d t s]xL
af]Ng} ;lsg“ . d]/f] d'vaf6 b'O{ zAb dfq} lgl:sof], "Thank you" .
vf6sf] x\ofGb8ndfyL d]/f] bflxg] xftdfly 8fS6/sf] xft /

8fS6/sf] xftdfly k]ml/ d]/f] b]a|] xft . ltg} tLgyfg xftsf dfWodaf6
8fS6/ / daLr gaf]nLsg Ps lsl;dsf] r'krfk ;'vsf]] ;Djfb e}/x]sf]
lyof] . rf/ ah]dfq lbPk'Ug] afof]K;Lsf] l/kf]6{ laxfg ;a]/} cfO{ dnfO{ lb+bf
8fS6/sf] x[boleq klg slt dfgjLo efjgf x'“bf] /x]5 eGg] :ki6 a'lemof] .
lbgdf ;of}+ la/fdL Hff“Rg], dflg;sf] d[To'nfO{ :jfefljs ¿kaf6 x]g]{
8fS6/x¿nfO{ klg s;}nfO{ v'zLsf] va/ ;'gfpg kfp“bf slt xif{ x'“bf]/x]5 †
ToxL xiff{lt/]ssf] cj0f{gLo jftfj/0faLr 8fS6/n] afof]K;Lsf] l/kf]6{ d]/f]
xftdf ydfP . cf}wL v'zLsf sf/0f af]Ng} g;ls/fv]sf ;'gLn Psl5g kl5
d]/f] vf6s} 5]pdf a;]/ afof]K;Lsf] l/kf]6{ lnP/ x]g{ yfNof] . c¿x¿sf]
cufl8 slxn] ?“b}gYof] ;'gLn . l/kf]6{ k9\bfk9\b} p;sf] cf“vfaf6 b'O{ yf]kf
v'zLsf cf“;' 6k6k v;]sf] d}n] b]v]+ . To;a]nf ;"o{sf] gj ls/0fdf p;sf]
cf+“;' :ki6 6lNs/x]sf] lyof], df]6f afSnf tL b'O{ yf]kf tftf cf“;'df zAbdf
JoQm ug{, cÍdf uGg g;lsg] t/ cg'ej eg] ug{ ;lsg] v'zL, ;Gtf]if /
:g]xsf efjflt/]s emlNs/x]sf] lyof] .
c:ktfnsf] d]/f] sf]7f klZrd df]x8f kms]{sf] lyof]] . sf]7fsf]

¤ofnaf6 a}+sssf ;Dk"0f{ uugr'DaL ejgx¿ t:jL/ h:tf b]lvGy] . gLnf],
sfnf], ;]tf] P]gf 6Dd nufPsf uugr'DaL ejgx¿af6 ev{/ pbfPsf] ;"o{sf]
rf]vf] / :ki6 ls/0fsf] k|ltlaDan] xfd|f] sf]7f hudu e}/x]sf] lyof] . d]/f]
sf]7fsf] 7Ls cufl8sf] kRrL; tn] 3/sf] 5fgfdfly cGbfhL rf/ xhf/
:Sjfo/ lkm6sf] ;fOgaf]8{ /flvPsf] /x]5 . ;fOgaf]8{sf] k5fl8 6lNsg]
314
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;f]r
cfNd'lgodsf kftf / Tof] af]8{ c8\ofpg cgluGtL kmnfdsf kfOksf 6«i6x¿
h8fg ul/Psf lyP . ;"of]{bosf] gj nflndfo'Qm ls/0f ;fOgaf]8{sf]
cfNd'lgod kftfdf k/]kl5 kmnfd} kmnfdsf kfOkx¿sf sf/0f xL/f jf
ax'sf]0ffsf/ lk|hd\ rlDsPe}+m ls/0fsf k|ltlaDax¿ cfsf;el/ 5l/Psf
b]lvGy] . ;“u} cGbfhL rfnL; tn] csf]{ Pp6f ljzfn / cUnf] uugr'DaL
ejg lyof] em§ x]bf{ xfd|F] 306f3/ h:t} b]lvg] . Tof] ejgsf] ;a}eGbf dfly
lgs} 7"nf] uf]nf] xl/of] P]gfn] 9fs]sf] ¤ofn lyof] . Toxf“ d}n] Pp6f uhasf]
b[Zo b]v]+ . k"j{af6 pbfPsf] ;"o{sf] ;Dk"0f{ cfs[lt Tof] uh'/sf] ¤ofnsf]
P]gfleq 7\ofDd} ;dflxt x'“bf klZrdaf6 ;d]t ;"o{ pbfPsf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] .
Tof] b[Zo x]g{ nfossf] lyof] . c¿x¿sf nflu of] s'/f ;fdfGo x'g;S5 /
pgLx¿n] Tof] b[ZonfO{ ofb gu/]sf klg x'g ;S5g\ . t/ d]/f nflu Tof]
clj:d/0fLo If0f lyof] . lsgeg] hLjg / d/0fsf] bf];f“wdf d]/f] csf]{
gjhLjgsf] z'ef/De eof] . b'Mv, si6 / oftgfsf] 8/nfUbf] gbL kf/ ug'{
knf{ ls eGg] ;+qmd0fsfndf d}n] v'§f 6]Sgsf nflu Pp6f k'n];f] kfP“ .
To:tf] cGof]nk"0f{ If0fdf d}n] gjhLjgbfgsf] Tof] l/kf]6{ kfP“ . a]n'sL rf/ah]
cfpg' kg]{ l/kf]6{ laxfgsf] ^ ah]/ %! ldg]6d} cfpg' kg]{ lsg < ToxL“ a]nf
;"o{sf] ;Dk"0f{ cfs[lt Tof] ejgsf] r'r'/f]df ;dflxt x'g'kg]{ lsg < ToxL a]nf
;"o{sf] cg'kd nflndf Tof] ;fOgaf]8{af6 5l/P/ ;f/f cfsfzdf k}mng' kg]{
lsg < s] o;n] O{Zj/sf] ;j{Jofkstf (Omnipresence) nfO{ b]vfp“b}g < zfob
oxL xf]nf lbJobz{g (revelation) / O{Zj/sf] bz{g †
ef]lnkN6 klg ToxL uugr'DaL ejgsf] uh'/df k]ml/ pxL ;"o{sf]

bz{g u/]/ hk / Wofg ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ tNnLg / tGdo u/fpg] ljrf/ u/]+ . d
sf}t'xnsf ;fy gof“ ;"of]{bo klv{/fv]sf] lyP“, t/ ^ ah]/ %! ldg]6 uof],
;ft aHof] / cf7 klg aHof] . h'g cnf}lss tyf ljnIf0f b[Zo d}n] cl3Nnf]
k|eftdf b]v]+, Tof] d}n] b]Vg ;lsg“ . h;/L cl3Nnf] lbg ;"o{sf] ;Dk"0f{ cfs[lt
To; uh'/sf] P]gfleq ;dflxt ePsf] lyof], ef]lnkN6 To;f] ePg lsgeg]
kl/jt{gzLn ;"o{sf] cIf (Axis) t k]ml/O;s]sf] /x]5 . ca Toxf“ ;"o{sf] s]xL
315
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;f]r
c+zdfq k|ltlalDat ePsf] b]lv+bf]/x]5 . eG5g\ eujfg\ x/]s ¿kdf cfp“5g\
jf cfºgf] lbJo :j¿k b]vfp“5g\ . Tof] lbg d}n] eujfg\sf] ck"j{ Pj+
cnf}lss :j¿k ToxL uugr'DaL dxnsf] uh'/df ;fIffTsf/ ug{ kfP“ . b'O{
lbgkl5 d]/f] sfG5f] 5f]/f—a'xf/Ln] cf7 kfp08sf] gflt kfPsf] va/ ;'g]+ .
Tof] klg j}zfv k"l0f{dfsf] lbg; h'glbg eujfg\ a'4sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .
O{Zj/ oxL+ 5, ;j{q lj/fhdfg 5 / :ju{ klg oxL+ 5 . a;\ ;f]Rg] / x]g]{ dg
dfq rflxG5 .x
;dfKt
316

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Downloaded from Mero Sansar

lsg n]v]+ d}n] of] lstfk <

dflg;sf] lhGbuL Pp6f gbL xf] . ;d'b|sf] sf]vdf ljnLg geP;Dd

lhGbuLe/ d cfzfjfbL eP/ af“r]+, ;sf/fTds ;f]r g} d]/f] zlQm

lhGbuLdf klxnf]kN6 lg/fzfjfbL dgMl:ylt / b[li6sf]0fx¿n] dnfO{

t/ g]kfn ;'lgP÷elgPh:tf] vQd ePsf] 5}g . ulxl/P/ ;f]Rg] xf]

d hxf“ uPklg, h;nfO{ e]6]klg ;sf/fTds ;f]rs} s'/f dfq

;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] zlQm

elgG5, dflg;sf] lbdfu Ps lsnf]u|fd eGbf u¥xf}+ 5}g / cfsf/

elgG5, ;dfhdf kf“r jf 5 k|ltzt ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf dflg;

…dflg;nfO{ jgsf] af3n] eGbf dgsf] af3n] vfG5Ú eg] e}+m

k|0ffnLsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ / ;f] :yfgsf] t'ngfTds nfe (Comparative

t/ ;'v / ;d[l4 vf]H5' eGb}df cfsfzaf6 tf/f emf/]/ sfG5Lsf]

d ;fgf] 5“bf d]/f] a'af eGg'x'GYof], ædWo/ft eof] eGb}df g8/fpg",

h;n] cfºgL >LdtLnfO{ /fHosf]] d'VodGqL;Dd agfP . /fhgLlts l:ylt

ljjfbdf ;w}+ cfO/xg] /fhgLlts g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;“u d]/f

k5{, lul/hfafa' jf pxf“sf s'g} sfo{stf{n] dnfO{ g s'g} /fhgLlts bafj

lul/hfafa'l;tsf] d]/f] bf];|f] e]6 SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{

lul/hfafa'l;tsf To;kl5sf d]/f c¿ ;fIffTsf/sf 36gf klg

/fhgLlts b[li6sf]0fn] ;f“Rr} eGg] xf]eg] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf dnfO{

;xof]ulagf e|d0f jif{sf] kl/sNkgf g :jLs[t x'GYof], g t ;DkGg g} ug{

dfly plNnlvt 36gfqmdaf6 d}n] s] eGg vf]h]sf] x'“ eg] g]tf

/fd|f] eg"“ jf v/fa, n]gb]gsf s'/fdf d sdhf]/ 5' . t/ dnfO{ of]

klxn]sf] s'/fdfq ofb u/]/ clxn]sf 36gfqmd / ;donfO{ ;w}+

:juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|sf tTsfnLg P=8L=;L= tf/faxfb'/ yfkfsf] 3/df

æxfdLn] s;/L g]kfnLdfqsf uf}/jdo ;Dkbfx¿sf] d"No /

Psl5g xfd|f k'vf{sf] Oltxf;nfO{ la;f}+{ . ;dsfnLg g]kfns} s'/f

d]/f] Pp6f xf]6]ndf Ps ;o aL;j6f sf]7f 5g\\ / Toxf“ Ps;o

lghL Jofkfl/s ;++:yfg x'g\ jf ;/sf/L, hxf“klg :t/Lo

hf]ufpg . To;eGbf d'lgsf ;xfos xflsdx¿ lbgel/ sf]7f—sf]7fdf 3'd]/

b]zsf] cfhsf] b'b{zfsf] bf]if g]kfnL hgdfg;sf] yfKnf]df yf]kg{

clwsf+z cljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] /fhgLlts kl/;/df clxn] hxf“

dnfO{ nfU5, xfdLsxf“ ax'bnLo xf]Og, vfnL bnLo k|hftGqsf]

Pp6f s'/fdf dnfO{ c;fWo} crDd nfU5 . Tof] s] xf] eg]

ax'bnLo k|hftGq ;Too'usf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] ;f“rf] xf]Og . of] t

aGb afs;af6 cfzf¿kL ;'Gb/Ln] dl;gf] / lemgf] cfjfhdf afs;sf]

k|hftGq k|hfsf nflu, k|hfaf6, k|hfn] g} zf;g rnfpg] k|0ffnL x'“bf

s'g}klg lrGtgzLn, ljj]szLn / lzlIft dflg; k|hftGq lj/f]wL x'g}

x'g t Pp6f ;+/If0fljb / ko{6gljbsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|;“u

eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn pb\3f6g qmddf /fhf jL/]Gb|af6 y'k|}

To:t} ;g\ !((* df ePsf] /fhf jL/]Gb| l;tsf] ;fIffTsf/ csf]{

/x]5 . Psl5g\kl5 Pshgf c+u/Ifs d]/f] 5]pdf cfP/ …;/sf/af6 tkfO{nfO{

zfob oxL sf/0faf6 klg d /fhfjfbL ePsf] x'g;S5 . ha /fhb/af/

hgtfn] g} nf]Kkf VjfO{ csf]{ hgk|ltlglw Nofpg]5g\\ . o;/L g} x'G5 k|hftflGqs

dnfO{ gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7sf] 3/} yfxf lyPg . To:tf] 7"nf] dfG5]nfO{

kmfOn x]bf{x]b}{ gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7n] dnfO{ csf]{ k|Zg ug'{eof], æs0f{hL,

;fgf] k|Zg ub}{5' To;sf] hjfkm lbg tkfO{nfO{ lsg Tolta]/

kbsf nflu ;+sL0f{ ljrf/wf/fsf t/ dxTjfsfª\IfL g]tfx¿df s] of]

Psrf]l6 kms]{/ x]/f}+ t †

s'g}klg /fhgLlts Joj:yfdf /fHosf] zf;g rnfpg g]tfx¿dfq

Pp6f Jofjxfl/s Joj:yfn] dfq l:ylt ;DxfNg ;S5 .

ljut bz—af¥x jif{sf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df g]kfndf w]/} pynk'yn

h] h:tf] ePklg Pp6f s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] dfGg} k5{, k|hftGq :jrflnt

hfG5 . hgtfsf] dgMl:yltdf dfq xf]Og, g]tf Pj+ sfo{stfx¿sf] af}l4s

rf}w jif{sf] k|hftGqsf] Oltxf;df cb"/bzL{ g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{x¿sf]

jf:tjdf k|hftGqn] g]kfnnfO{ w]/} s'/f lbPsf] 5 / l;sfPsf] klg

v'lnO;s]sf 5g\\ . g]kfndf clxn] g]kfnL ljBfyL{dfq xf]Og, ljb]zaf6 klg

clxn]sf] lg/fzfhgs kl/l:yltdf o:tf b'O— { rf/j6f pbfx/0f lbP/

o;} ;Gbe{df ;~rf/sf] IF]qdf Psrf]l6 k'g/fjnf]sg u/f}+ t †

hgtfn] c;xdlt hgfO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkk|lt

a}+ls¨ IF]qdf klg sd k|ult ePsf] 5}g . s]xL jif{ klxn];Dd Ps

xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ slxNo} lrGg ;s]gf}+, cfºgf] zlQmsf] cfef; slxNo}

qmozlQm k'm6kfy] k;ndf dfq ;Lldt lyof] t/ cfh uNnL—uNnLdf

clxn];Dd xfdLn] sf7df8f}+ leqsf pknlAwx¿af/] dfq s'/f u¥of}+