14-15.

Endangered species management programs, 1996

Species Common name Reptiles Boa, Dumeril's Ground Boa, Madagascan Tree Boa, Madagascar Crocodile, W. African Dwarf Gecko, Standing's Day Lizard, Giant Girdled Tortoise, African Pancake Tortoise, Aldabra Giant Tortoise, Geometric Tortoise, Radiated Birds Crane, Wattled Griffon, Cape Ibis, Northern Bald Ibis, Southern Bald Peafowl, Congo Pigeon, Mauritius Pink Mammals Addax Ass, Somali Wild Cheetah Chimpanzee Chimpanzee, Pygmy (Bonobo) Dog, African Wild Drill Elephant, African Fossa Fox, Rodrigues Flying Gazelle, Dama Gorilla, Western Lowland Hippopotamus, Pygmy Lechwe, Kafue Lemur, Black Lemur, Mongoose Lemur, Ring-tailed Lemur, Ruffed Lion, African Monkey, Diana Oryx, Scimitar-horned Rhinoceros, Black Zebra, Grevy's Zebra, Hartman's Mountain

Scientific name a/ Acrantophis dumerili Sanzinia madagascariensis Acrantophis madagascariensis Osteolaemus tetraspis Phelsuma standingi Cordylus giganteus Malacochersus tornieri Geochelone gigantea Psammobates geometricus Geochelone radiata Grus carunculatus Gyps coprotheres Geronticus eremita Geronticus calvus Afropavo congensis Columba mayeri Addax nasomaculatus Equus africanus somaliensis g/ Acinonyx jubatus f/ Pan troglodytes f/ Pan paniscus Lycaon pictus f/ Mandrillus leucophaeus f/ Loxodonta africana f/ Cryptoprocta ferox Pteropus rodricensis Gazella dama Gorilla gorilla gorilla Hexaprotodon liberiensis f/ Kobus leche kafuensis Eulemur macaco macaco Eulemur mongoz f/ Lemur catta Varecia variegata f/ Panthera leo e/ Cercopithecus diana f/ Oryx dammah Diceros bicornis f/ Equus grevyi Equus zebra hartmannae g/

Distribution b/ Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar Central and West Africa Madagascar South Africa Kenya, Tanzania Seychelles South Africa Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion Africa Southern Africa N.Africa and Middle East Lesotho, S.Africa, Swaziland Dem. Rep. of Congo Mauritius North Africa and the Sahel Ethiopia, Somalia Africa Africa Dem. Rep. of Congo Africa Cameroon, Eq. Guinea, Nigeria Africa Madagascar Mauritius (Rodrigues) North Africa and the Sahel West Central Africa West Africa Zambia Madagascar Comoros, Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar Africa West Africa Israel [int.], North Africa Africa Ethiopia, Kenya Angola, Namibia, S.Africa

Source: World Conservation Union, International Species Information System, and other sources. Notes: a. Scientific names follow the "1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals" nomenclature. b. From the "1996 IUCN Red List": [int] = introduced; [re-int] = reintroduced; [ex?] = believed to be extinct; [?] = unknow c. IUCN threatened status: CR = critically endangered; EN = endangered; EW = extinct in the wild;VU = vulnerable. d. A = African Propagation Program (APP); Au = Australasian Species Management Program (ASMP); B = Zoological S Endangered Species Programs (EEP); J = Species Survival Committees Japan (SSCJ); S = North America Species UK = United Kingdom Joint Management of Species Committee (JMSC). e. A rate > 1 indicates a net population increase; a rate < 1, a net population decrease; and a rate = 1 indicates that the f. Zoo census data include all subspecies being held in captivity. g. IUCN status listed applies to the species; the subspecies is not listed separately under the "1996 IUCN Red List."

IUCN status c/ VU VU VU VU VU VU VU VU EN VU VU VU CR VU VU CR EN CR VU EN EN EN EN EN VU CR EN EN VU VU VU VU VU EN VU VU CR CR EN EN

Zoo census ,1996 Number Number Species Estimated of zoos of management wild housing captive programs d/ opulation species p animals S UK A A, UK UK A UK Au A A, S J, S, UK A E, J A E, S E, S .. .. .. .. .. >150,000 >20,000 155,000 2,000-4,000 2-2.5 million 13,000-15,000 .. .. 10,000 .. 77 43 32 10 45 37 16 47 85 1 54 37 5 55 5 18 32 62 8 117 146 17 43 8 101 7 17 15 95 61 13 42 23 167 158 192 47 80 57 70 21 188 193 57 141 315 55 228 278 10 412 109 36 708 47 96 233 514 29 666 2,697 98 241 46 282 29 557 62 643 164 133 171 173 1,087 895 825 144 897 170 332 77

Number of captive births

Crude rate of change e/ 13 21 7 2 68 6 11 0 .. 0 25 8 2 94 4 41 51 0.99 1.13 1.09 1.03 1.21 1.02 1.05 1.03 1 1 1.05 1.04 1.34 0.99 1.14 1.02 0.96 0.82 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.02 0.81 1.03 1.16 0.84 0.98 0.95 0.95 1.03 1 1.05 1.04 0.97 0.81 1.07 0.99 0.92

Au, E, S, UK250 < E 100-250 A, Au, E, J,9,000-12,000 S, J, S, UK 105,000 E, S 10,000-20,000 A, E, S 3,000-5,000 E, J, S <10,000 E, S 581,175 E .. S 350 E .. E, S >110,000 E, S, UK .. UK .. E, J, S, UK .. E, S .. S .. Au, E, J, S .. S 30,000-100,000 E, UK .. Au, E, S .. Au, E, J, S, UK 2,400 E, J, S .. E, S 7,350

93 2 70 76 5 60 5 1 2 156 5 38 .. 11 24 14 28 128 135 97 12 165 5 25 7

eved to be extinct; [?] = unknown if the species is currently found in the area. n the wild;VU = vulnerable. ogram (ASMP); B = Zoological Society of Brazil Species Program (SZB); E = European CJ); S = North America Species Survival Plan (SSP); UK = United Kingdom Joint Management of Species

and a rate = 1 indicates that the captive population is stable.

r the "1996 IUCN Red List."