Java EE Components

Applets: GUI apps executed in a web browser. They use the

Swing API to provide powerful user interfaces.

Applications: programs executed on a client. Typically GUIs or

Java EE: An Introduction

JPA, EJB, JSF

batch processing programs that have access to all the facilities of the Java EE middle tier.

Web applications: apps executed in a web container and respond

to HTTP requests from web clients.

Made of servlets, servlet lters, web event listeners, JSP pages,

and JSF. Servlets also support web service endpoints

Enterprise Java Beans: container managed components for

processing transactional business logic. They can be accessed locally and remotely through RMI or HTTP for SOAP and RESTful web services .
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MVC Design Pattern

The Model View Controller MVC design pattern separates the core business model functionality from the presentation and control logic that uses this functionality. The separation allows multiple views to share the same enterprise data model, which makes supporting multiple clients easier to implement, test, and maintain.
Source: Java BluePrints J2EE Patterns, MVC
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/MVC-detailed.html
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JEE app and the MVC architecture

In a JEE application:

The model business layer functionality represented by JavaBeans or

EJBs

The view the presentation layer functionality represented by JSFs

the view

The controller Servlet mediating between model and view

Must accommodate input from various clients including HTTP requests from web clients, and

WML from wireless clients XML documents from suppliers Etc.

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Model layer in a Web App

Models the data and behavior behind the business process What its responsible for:

View layer in a Web App

Performing DB queries Calculating the business process Processing orders

Display information according to client types Display result of business logic Model Not concerned with how the information was obtained, or from where since that is the responsibility of Model

Encapsulation of data and behavior which are independent of presentation

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Controller in a Web App

Serves as the logical connection between the user's interaction and the business services on the back Responsible for making decisions among multiple presentations

Web Applications

A web application is a dynamic extension of a web or application server. Types of web applications:

Presentation oriented

generates interactive web pages containing various types of markup language HTML, XHTML, XML, and so on and dynamic content in response to requests.

e.g. User's language, locale or access level dictates a di erent presentation.

Service oriented

A service oriented web application implements the endpoint of a web service.

A request enters the application through the control layer, which will decide how the request should be handled and what information should be returned

In Java EE platform, web components provide the dynamic extension capabilities for a web server.

Web components are either Java servlets, web pages, web service
endpoints, or JSP pages

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Java Web App Request Handling

Java EE Architecture

DB

Java EE is a set of specications implemented by di erent containers. Containers are Java EE runtime environments that provide certain services to the components they host such as lifecycle management, dependency injection, security, etc. Figure shows the logical relationships between containers. The arrows represent the protocols used.
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DB

From chapter 3 of The Java EE 6 Tutorial, http://java.sun.com/javaee/6/docs/tutorial/doc/geysj.html rial,

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Servlets and JSF

Servlets are Java classes that dynamically process requests and construct responses. JavaServer Faces and Facelets are used for building interactive web applications. Servlets are best suited for service oriented applications web service endpoints are implemented as servlets and the control functions of a presentation oriented application, such as dispatching requests and handling nontextual data. Java Server Faces and Facelets pages are more appropriate for generating text based markup, such as XHTML, and are generally used for presentation oriented applications.
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Java EE Services

JPA: Standard API for object relational mapping ORM . Includes JPQL to query objects stored in the underlying database. JMS: allows components to communicate asynchronously through messages. Java Naming and Directory Interface JNDI : used to access naming and directory systems. JTA: a transaction demarcation API JavaMail, JavaBeans Activation Framework JAF , XML processing, JCA, JAAS, RESTful web services, Management, Deployment.
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JPA

Relational model i.e. RDBMS vs. Object Oriented model i.e. Java Object Relational Mapping ORM Java Persistence API JPA

JPA
Objects vs. Entities Objects are instances that just
live in memory.
@Entity public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String title; private Float price; @Column(length = 2000) private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; // Constructors, getters, setters }

Entities are objects that live

shortly in memory and persistently in a database.

An API above JDBC Can access and manipulate relational data from Enterprise Java Beans EJBs , web components, and Java SE applications Includes an entity manager API to perform DB related operations like CRUD Includes JPQL, an object oriented query language
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JPA map objects to a database via

metadata that can be supplied using annotations or in an XML descriptor

Annotations: The code of the

entity is directly annotated with all sorts of annotations described in the javax.persistence package.
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JPA mapping

Enterprise Java Beans

server side components encapsulate business logic take care of transactions and security used in building business layers to sit on top of the persistence layer and as an entry point for presentation tier technologies like JavaServer Faces JSF . can be built by annotating a POJO that will be deployed into a container

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Types of EJBs

Session beans and Message driven Beans MDBs Session Beans are used to encapsulate high level business logic and can be...

EJB Example
@Stateless public class BookEJB { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "chapter06PU") private EntityManager em; public Book findBookById(Long id) { return em.find(Book.class, id); } public Book createBook(Book book) { em.persist(book); return book; } }

Stateless: contains no conversational state between methods, and any instance can be used for any client Stateful: contains conversational state, which must be retained across methods for a single user Singleton: A single session bean is shared between clients and supports concurrent access

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Web pages and web servers

Web servers

JSF

Handles HTTP requests and sends a HTTP response HTML page Default HTTP port: 80 Typical servers: Apache 47 , MS 21

typically

Netcraft Web Server Survey December 2009

Web languages

HTML CSS JavaScript
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JSF applications are standard web applications that intercept HTTP via the Faces servlet and produce HTML

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" YPE "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/x <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml ns=" "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h=" h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"> h=" <h:head> <title>Creates a new book</title> </h:head> <h:body> <h1>Create a new book</h1> <hr/> <h:form> <table border="0"> <tr> <td><h:outputLabel value="ISBN : "/> /></td> /> <td><h:inputText value="#{bookController.book.isbn}"/></td> </tr>

xmlns= xml

Packaging Java EE Web Apps

A web application module contains:

servlets, JSPs, JSF pages, and web services, as well as HTML and XHTML pages, Cascading Style Sheets CSS , JavaScripts, images, videos, and so on.

<tr> <td><h:outputLabel value="Title :"/></td> <td><h:inputText value="#{bookController.book.title}"/></td> </tr> </table> <h:commandButton value="Create a book" action="#{bookController.doCreateBook}" styleClass="submit"/> </h:form> <hr/> <i>APress - Beginning Java EE 6</i> </h:body> </html>
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All these artifacts are packaged in a jar le with a .war extension i.e., a war le, or Web Archive.

WEB-INF/web.xml is the optional web deployment descriptor WEB-INF/ejb-jar.xml is the optional EJB Lite beans deployment descriptor. WEB-INF/classes contains all the Java .class les WEB-INF/lib contains any dependent jar les.
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