Verbs

Vivir to live [other forms include Yo Vivo, T Vives, l/ lla/ sted Vive, Nosotros Vivimos, Vosotros Vivis, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Viven] Hablar to speak [other forms include Yo Hablo, T Hablas, l/ lla/ sted Habla, Nosotros Hablamos, Vosotros Hablais, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Hablan] Comer to eat [other forms include Yo Como, T Comes, l/ lla/ sted Come, Nosotros Comemos, Vosotros Comeis, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Comen] Dar to give [other forms include: Yo doy, T das, l/ lla/ sted da, Nosotros damos, Vosotros das, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes dan] Llamarse to be called [other forms include Me Llamo, Te Llamas, Se Llama, Se Llaman] Ser to be [other forms include Yo Soy, Tu Eres, l/ lla/ sted Es, Nosotros Somos, Vosotros Sois, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Son] Estar to be situated in [other forms include Yo Estoy, Tu Estas, l/ lla/ sted Esta, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Estan] Note: Ser is used for permanent things (e.g. Soy de Bangladesa), while Estar is used for temporary things and locations (e.g. Esta en la costa).

Note: Both Ser and Estar can be used with the adjective to convey a different meaning, such as Esta borracho (He is drunk) and Es borracho (He is a drunkard); Esta loco (He is furious) and Es loco (He is insane). Desear to desire Mirar to see Vistar to view Escuchar to listen Abrir to open Repetir to repeat Resistir to resist Sentarse to sit down Levantarse to stand up Sacar to bring out/ to get out Recoger to collect/ to gather Trabajar to work Escribir to write Escribir a mquina to type Decir to tell/ to say Significar to mean/ to imply Ir to go to

Comprender to understand Saber/ Yo s to know No s not to know Parar to stop Cantar to sing Estudiar to study Beber to drink Gritar to shout Limitar to restrict Crear to create Practicar to practice Estirar to stretch Pasear/ Andar to walk Viajar to travel Lavar to wash Fugarse to leak/ to escape Odiar/ Detestar to hate Jugar to play Tocar to play (an instrument)

Bailar to dance Cambiar to change Menear to shake Estrechar to shake (hands) Nadar to swim Trepar to climb Llevar to carry/ to wear Buscar to look for/ to search Preguntar to question Contestar to answer Tomar to take Pasar to pass Pasar/ Gastar to spend Sonar to ring Llegar to arrive Attraer to attract Desayunar to have breakfast Cenar to have dinner Deletrear to spell

Firmar to sign Nacer to be born Identificar to identify Brillar to shine Entrar to enter Pintar to paint Preparar to prepare Terminar/ Acabar to finish Poseer to possess Obtener/ Conseguir to obtain Fumar to smoke Cultivar to cultivate Traer to bring Ofrecer to offer Visitar to visit Venir to come Hallar to find Carecer to lack Contener to contain

Vender to sell Desear to wish Esperar to wait for/ to hope Subir to go up Parecer to seem Adivinar to foresee Gravar to engrave Compartir to share Ser de acuerdo to agree Comprar to buy Planchar to iron (clothes) Pelar to peel Arreglar to arrange or regulate Llorar to cry Regresar to return Encantar/ Aprovestar to love/ to really enjoy Opinar to have the opinion that Discutir to argue Decorar to decorate

Construir to construct Alquilar to rent Regar to water Barrer to sweep Enjugar to wipe Funcionar to function Encender to switch on Apagar to switch off Desobedecer to disobey Asistir a to attend Seguir to follow (a course) Aprobar to pass (a test or exam) Suspender to fail (a test or exam) Esforzarse to make an effort Comportarse to behave Castigar to punish Decidir to decide Dirigir to direct/ throw Conducir to lead

Avanzar to advance Dar/ Conceder to give Enojar to annoy Explicar to explain Pagar/ Abonar to pay Presentar to introduce Cepillar to brush Cuidar to take care of Vacunar to vaccinate Dejar to leave Rescatar to rescue or reclaim Creer to believe Acercar to bring nearer Acercarse to approach Echar un vistazo alrededor to have a look around Clausurar to close Contenedor to skip Flipar to flip out Poner patas ariba to turn something upside down

Tener la cabeza muy bien amueblada to be level headed Tener pjaros en la cabeza to be featherbrained Seguir to follow Disfrutar to enjoy Grabar to engrave/ to record Apostar to bet Arrebatar to snatch Encarnar to personify Esquivar to side step Mirar de reojo to look out of the corner of someones eye Tambalearse to wobble Manejar to operate Bucear to dive Comunicar to communicate Conntrabandear to smuggle Dimitir to resign Perjudicar to harm Holgazanear to laze around Plantear to establish

Pensar to think Proponer to suggest Vencer to win Liderar to lead Caer to fall Establecer to establish Cubrir to cover Romper to break Desarmar to dismantle Apoyar to support Arrancar to tear off Llenar to fill Prisar to hurry Afectar to influence Esquiar to ski Suprimir to suppress Atravesar to cross Impeder to stop Renovar to renovate

Luchar to struggle Podar to prune (a plant) Rociar to spray Negar to deny Salvar to save Sumar to add up Pelear OR Luchar to fight Asegurar to secure Predicar to advocate Manchar to stain ones hands with dirt Enfrentar to confront Instalar to install Asesinar to assassinate Recrear to relive Ganar to win Recibir to receive Helar to freeze Nevar to snow Llover to rain

Tronar to thunder Cojer to pick Morder to bite Tirar to throw Pisar to trample Aprovestar to enjoy Instalar to settle Matar to kill Sudar to sweat Crecer to grow Alimentar to feed Botar to bounce Pestaear to blink Emplear to use Reservar to reserve Restar to subtract Reanudar to resume Diverter to entertain Inmovilizar to freeze

Merecer to deserve Correr to run Cursar to take a course Disponer to arrange Aburrir to bore Dejar to give up Lastimar to hurt Oscilar to swing, oscillate Engordar to get fat Agregar to add Desarrollar to develop Empujar to push Entrenar to train Patalear to kick Desarmar to dismantle Ordenar to tidy up Cazar to hunt Marcar to mark; to score Saltar to jump

Sentir to feel, to perceive Conocer to know Surfear to surf Recorrer to spread across Digerir to digest Resbalar to slip Hacer dao to cause harm Aprender de memoria to learn by heart Inflar to inflate Situar to locate Tragar to swallow Apestar to stink, to infect Separar to separate, to divide Descansar to relax Baarse to bathe Tomar el sol to sunbathe Hacer el windsurf to windsurf Secarse to dry oneself Hacer camping to go camping

Hacer excursion to go on a trip Divertirse to enjoy oneself Pasarlo bien to have a good time Pasarlo mal to have a bad time Sacar una foto to take a photo Veranear to spend the summer Merendar to have a snack Ahogarse to drown Broncearse to get a suntan Remar to row Patinar to skate Aluilar to rent Acordarse to remember Hacer ejercicios de musculatura to excercise muscles Retirar to remove Sealizar to put up signs Compaignar to combine Estrenar to premiere Apoyar to support

Asentarse to settle Convivir to live together Enriquecerse to be enriched Predominar to be abundant Bucear to dive Armar la gorda to raise hell Parir to give birth Aterrizar to land Enganchar to hook Estar en forma to be fit Mantener la calma to be calm Prestar auxilio to assist Tiene que bajar to get down Ensear to submit Hallar to find Va a subir to go up Silbar to whistle Darse dao to injure oneself Metir to score

Tener miedo to be afraid Descubrir to discover Conquistar to conquer Vencer to beat Soar to dream Soar con to dream about Pensar en to think about Ayudar a to help to Cesar de to stop Servir para to be good for Dejar de to stop Trasladarse to emigrate Suponer to suppose Apoyar to give a hand Caminar to walk Evitar to avoid Desarrollar to develop Recorrer to join Gozar to enjoy

Ubicar to place Elegir to select Conseguir to secure Alcanzar to catch up with Permanecer to remain Disponer to arrange Fastidir to annoy Adormirlo to put him to sleep Mamar to suck Mecer to rock Andar a gatas to walk on all fours/ to crawl Cometer to commit Vener to come back Poner la carne de gallina to get goose-pimples Dar la voz de alarma to raise the alarm Depositar to place Cargarse to destroy (slang) Arrancar motores to start the engine Reunir to gather

Valer la pena to be worth it Sudar to sweat Arriesgarse to take risks Mezclar to mix Zarpar to set sail Depender to depend Impresionar to impress Derrocar to overthrow Inquietar to worry Manifestar to declare Alojarse to stay Exigir to demand Suspender to cancel Iluminar to light up Pendiente to be waiting for Lograr to succed; to manage to do something Tras pasar por to pass through Dares cuenta to realize Frenar to brake/ to stop suddenly

Fallecer to die Alcanzar to reach Fascinar to really like Pinchar to DJ Asaltar to assault Prestar atencin to pay attention Atrever to dare Advertir to notify/ to warn Hervir to boil Mentir to lie Referirse a to refer to Despedir to fir Despedirse de to say goodbye Gemir to groan/ to moan Impeder to prevent Medir to measure Reir to quarrel/ to scold Atribuir to attribute Concluir to conclude

Contribuir to contribute Destruir to destroy Distribuir to distribute Huir to flee Incluir to include Influir to influence Sustituir to substitute Confiar en to rely on Enviar to send Espiar to spy Fiarse de to trust Resfriarse to catch a cold Variar to vary Actuar to act Graduarse to graduate Afligir to afflict Coger to catch Corregir to correct Encoger to shrink

Exigir to demand Fingir to pretend Proteger to protect Estornudar to sneeze Pesar to weigh Toser to cough Poner roja to blush Consejer to advise Conservar to maintain Refrescarse to refresh Aplastar to crush Disminuir to reduce Aadir to add Oler to smell of Saber a to taste of Apuntar to note down Adivinar to guess Mandar to send Escoger to choose

Aprovechar to enjoy Aprovecharla to enjoy ones life Enterarse to find out Surcar to cross Asustar to scare Recurrir to resort to Sobrevivir to survive Comprobar to check Predominar to predominate Someterse to undergo Toparte to bump into Despliegar to spread Incitar to incite Golpear to hit Acosar to harass Zamparse to gobble Seguir sus pasos to follow ones steps Hallar to find Vacilar to hesitate

Esconder to hide Acortar distancias to cut corners Dar un repaso to revise

Stem Changing Verbs: Hacer to do [other forms include: Yo hago, Tu haces, l/ lla/ sted hace, Nosotros hacemos, Vosotros haces, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes hacen]

Cerrar to close [other forms include: Yo cierro, Tu cierras, l/ lla/ sted cierra, Nosotros cerramos, Vosotros cerras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes cierran]

Empezar to start [other forms include: Yo empiezo, T empiezas, l/ lla/ sted empieza, Nosotros empezamos, Vosotros empezas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes empiezan]

Pensar to think [other forms include: Yo pienso, T piensas, l/ lla/ sted piensa, Nosotros piensamos, Vosotros piensas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes piensan]

Querer to want, to love

[other forms include: Yo quiero, T quieres, l/ lla/ sted quiere, Nosotros queremos, Vosotros queras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes quieren]

Tener to have [other forms include: Yo Tengo, T Tienes, l/ lla/ sted Tiene, Nosotros/ Vosotros Tenemos, Ellos/ Ellas/ stedes Tienen]

Preferir to prefer [other forms include: Yo prefiero, T prefieres, l/ lla/ sted prefiere, Nosotros preferimos, Vosotros preferas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes prefieren]

Venir to come [other forms include: Yo Vengo, T Vienes, l/ lla/ sted Viene, Nosotros Venemos, Vosotros Venas, Ellos/ Ellas/ stedes Vienen]

Encontrar to find [other forms include: Yo encuentro, T encuentras, l/ lla/ sted encuentra, Nosotros encontramos, Vosotros encontras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes encuentran]

Poder to be able [other forms include: Yo puedo, T puedes, l/ lla/ sted puede, Nosotros podemos, Vosotros podes, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes pueden]

Dormir to sleep [other forms include: Yo duermo, T duermes, l/ lla/ sted duerme, Nosotros dormimos, Vosotros dormas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes duermen]

Almorzar to have lunch [other forms include: Yo almuerzo, T almuerzes, l/ lla/ sted almuerze, Nosotros almorzamos, Vosotros almorzas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes almuerzen]

Costar to cost [other forms include: Yo cuesto, T cuestes, l/ lla/ sted cueste, Nosotros costamos, Vosotros costas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes cuesten]

Volver to return [other forms include: Yo vuelvo, T vuelves, l/ lla/ sted vuelve, Nosotros volvamos, Vosotros volvas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes vuelven]

Contar to count [other forms include: Yo cuento, T cuentas, l/ lla/ sted cuente, Nosotros contamos, Vosotros contas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes cuenten]

Doler to hurt

[other forms include: Yo duelo, T dueles, l/ lla/ sted duele, Nosotros dolamos, Vosotros dolas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes duelen]

Jugar to play [other forms include: Yo juego, T juegas, l/ lla/ sted juega, Nosotros jugamos, Vosotros jugas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes juegan]

Acertar to be in target, guess right [other forms include: Yo acierto, T aciertas, l/ lla/ sted acierta, Nosotros aciertamos, Vosotros aciertas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes aciertan]

Apretar to be tight [other forms include: Yo aprieto, T aprietas, l/ lla/ sted aprieta, Nosotros apretamos, Vosotros apretas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes aprietan]

Ascender to go up, promote [other forms include: Yo asciendo, T asciendas, l/ lla/ sted ascienda, Nosotros ascendamos, Vosotros ascendas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes asciendan]

Atravesar to cross [other forms include: Yo atravieso, T atraviesas, l/ lla/ sted atraviesa, Nosotros atravesamos, Vosotros atravesas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes atraviesan]

Comenzar to begin [other forms include: Yo comienzo, T comienzas, l/ lla/ sted comienza, Nosotros comenzamos, Vosotros comenzas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes comienzan]

Confesar to confess [other forms include: Yo confieso, T confiesas, l/ lla/ sted confiesa, Nosotros confesamos, Vosotros confesas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes confiesan]

Defender to defend [other forms include: Yo defiendo, T defiendas, l/ lla/ sted defienda, Nosotros defendamos, Vosotros defendas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes defiendan]

Encendar to light [other forms include: Yo enciendo, T enciendas, l/ lla/ sted encienda, Nosotros encendamos, Vosotros encendas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes enciendan]

Encerrar to lock in, contain [other forms include: Yo encierro, T encierras, l/ lla/ sted encierra, Nosotros encerramos, Vosotros encerras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes encierran]

Entender to understand

[other forms include: Yo entiendo, T entiendas, l/ lla/ sted entienda, Nosotros entendamos, Vosotros entendas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes entiendan]

Gobernar to govern [other forms include: Yo gobierno, T gobiernas, l/ lla/ sted gobierna, Nosotros gobernamos, Vosotros gobernas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes gobiernan]

Perder to lose [other forms include: Yo pierdo, T pierdas, l/ lla/ sted pierda, Nosotros perdamos, Vosotros perdas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes pierdan]

Quebrar to break [other forms include: Yo quiebro, T quiebras, l/ lla/ sted quiebra, Nosotros quebramos, Vosotros quebras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes quiebran]

Recomendar to recommend [other forms include: Yo recomiendo, T recomiendas, l/ lla/ sted recomienda, Nosotros recomendamos, Vosotros recomendas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes recomiendan]

Acordarse to remember [other forms include: Me acuerdo, Te acuerdas, Se acuerda, Nos acordamos, Os acordas, Se acuerdan]

Conmover to move (emotionally) [other forms include: Yo conmuervo, T conmuerves, l/ lla/ sted conmuerve, Nosotros conmovemos, Vosotros conmoves, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes conmuevan]

Demostrar to show [other forms include: Yo demuestro, T demuestras, l/ lla/ sted demuestra, Nosotros demuestramos, Vosotros demuestras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes demuestran]

Envolver to wrap up [other forms include: Yo envuelvo, T envuelvas, l/ lla/ sted envuelva, Nosotros envolvamos, Vosotros envolvas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes envuelvan]

Mostrar to show [other forms include: Yo muestro, T muestras, l/ lla/ sted muestra, Nosotros mostramos, Vosotros mostras, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes muestran]

Oler to smell [other forms include: Yo huelo, T huelas, l/ lla/ sted huela, Nosotros holamos, Vosotros holas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes huelan]

Probarse to try, taste

[other forms include: Me pruebo, Te pruebas, Se prueba, Nos probamos, Os probas, Se prueban]

Recordar to remember [other forms include: Yo recuerdo, T recuerdas, l/ lla/ sted recuerda, Nosotros recordamos, Vosotros recordas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes recuerdan]

Resolver to solve [other forms include: Yo resuelvo, T resuelves, l/ lla/ sted resuelve, Nosotros resolvemos, Vosotros resolves, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes resuelven]

Salir to depart [other forms include: Yo salgo, T sales, l/ lla/ sted sale, Nosotros salimos, Vosotros sals, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes salen]

Soler to be accustomed to [other forms include: Yo suelo, T sueles, l/ lla/ sted suele, Nosotros solemos, Vosotros soles, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes suelen]

Volar to fly [other forms include: Yo vuelo, T vuelas, l/ lla/ sted vuela, Nosotros volamos, Vosotros volas, Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes vuelan]

Reflexive Verbs: Acostar to go to bed [other forms include: me acuesto, te acuestas, se acuesta, nos acostamos, os acostas, se acuestan] Despiertarse to wake up [other forms include: me despierto, te despiertas, se despierta, nos despertamos, os depertas, se despiertan] Levantarse to get up [other forms include: me levanto, te levantas, se levanta, nos levantamos, os levantas, se levantan] Sentarse to sit down Quedarse to stay Quedar to meet Volverse to return or to turn around Dormirse to fall asleep Comerse to eat up Beberse to drink up Afeitarse to shave Salirse to depart Ponerse to put

Past Participle of Verbs: Me He I had Te Has you had Se Ha he/ she/ it had Nos Hemos we had Os Habes you (collective) had Se Han he/ she/ you (collective formal) had

Example: Me he despertado (I awoke); Te has levantado (You got up); Se ha acostado (You went to bed); Nos hemos afeitado (We shaved); Os habes Lavado (You washed); Se han quedo (They stayed)

Continuous Present Tense of Verbs: When the continuous tense is used, estar + present participle is used together. For example, Esta comiendo (He is eating); Esta trabajando (He is working) etc.

Future Tense of Verbs: When the future tense is used, it is expressed by the present tense of ir + a + infinitive is used. For example, Voy a escribir las cartas (I am going to write the letters); Voy a llover (It is going to rain); Louis y Emily van a preparer la comida(Louis and Emily are going to get the dinner).

The future tense:

Hablar Yo T El/ Ella/ Usted Nosotros Vosotros Hablar Hablars Hablar Hablaremos Hablaris

Comer Comer Comers Comer Comeremos Comeris Comern

Vivir Vivir Vivirs Vivir Viviremos Viviris Vivirn

Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Hablarn

Present Perfect Tense of Haber (to have performed an act): Yo He I have (performed an act) T Has You have l/ lla/ sted Ha He/ she/ it have Nosotros Hemos We have Vosotros Habis You (collective) have Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Han He/ she/ you (collective formal) have

Example: He pensado (I have thought); Han llegado (They have arrived); Hemos comido (We have eaten) etc.

When the present tense of Haber is used, the verb changes into the past tense, such as pensado (thought), llegado(arrived), comido (eaten) etc. There are some irregular past participles which have to be memorized such as: Escrito (written) Vuelto (returned) Roto (broken) Abierto (opened) Cubierto (covered)

Use of soler to talk about something usually happens: The verb soler indicates that something happens on a regular basis. It is used with the infinitive of the chosen verb:

Suelo cepillarme los dientes dos veces al da. I usually brush my teeth twice a day.

Solemos viajar en autobus. We usually travel by bus.

Verbs in the preterite tense: The preterite tense is the tense used most often in Spanish to talk about the past. The patterns used in the preterite tense are shown below:

Cantar Cant I sang Cantaste you sang

Comer Com I ate Comiste you ate

Vivir Viv I lived Viviste you lived

Hacer Hic I made Hiciste you made Hizo he/ she/ it made Hicimos we made Hicisteis you made

Cant he/ she/ it sang Cantamos we sang

Comi he/ she/ it ate Comimos we ate

Vivi he/ she/ it lived Vivimos we lived

Cantasteis you sang Comisteis you ate

Vivisteis you lived

Cantaron they sang

Comieron they ate

Vivieron they lived Hicieron they made

Ser Fui I was Fuiste you were

Estar Estuve I was Estuviste you were

Tener Tuve I had Tuviste you had

Poder Pude I could Pudiste you could

Fue he/ she/ it was

Estuvo he/ she/ it was Estuvimos we ate

Tuvo he/ she/ it had Tuvimos we had

Pudo he/ she/ it could Pudimos we could Pudisteis you could Pudieron they could

Fuimos we were

Fuisteis you were

Estuvisteis you ate

Tuvisteis you had

Fueron they were

Estuvieron they ate

Tuvieron they had

Ver Vi I saw Viste you saw

Traer Traje I brought Trajiste you brought Trajo he/ she/ it brought Trajimos we brought Trajisteis you brought Trajieron they brought

Poner Puse I put Pusiste you put

Vio he/ she/ it saw

Puso he/ she/ it put

Vimos we saw

Pusimos we put

Visteis you saw

Pusisteis you put

Vieron they saw

Pusieron they put

The Imperfect Tense:

The imperfect tense is used to talk about how things used to be, or about things that happened regulalrly in the past.

Hablar Hablaba Hablabas Hablaba Hblabamos Habais Haban

Comer Coma Comas Coma Comamos Comais Coman

Vivir Viva Vivas Viva Vivamos Vivais Vivan

Ser Era Eras Era Eramos Erais Eran

Ir Iba Ibas Iba Ibamos Ibais Iban

Ver Vea Veas Vea Veamos Veais Vean