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2. Pronounce the letter with no vowel and put a hamzah before the letter you are checking. You can then check the position of your tongue, mouth, or feel what area of the throat you are using. There are five general areas of the throat and mouth that have within them the specific or general articulation points of the Arabic letters. 1. The empty space in the mouth and throat has in it one articulation point for the three lengthened letters, which are wow with no vowel with a dhammah before it, ya with no vowel with a kasrah before it, and an alif with a fath before it. 2. The Throat: It has three articulation points for six different letters which are pronounced from the deepest, middle, and closest part of the throat 3. The Tongue: It has ten articulation points for eighteen letters 4. The Two Lips: The lips have two articulation points for four letters 5. The nasal passage: From the hole of nose towards the inside of the mouth, here there is one articulation point, that of the ghunnah The following pictures shows these areas:
To tell if this mistake is present, one needs to say the medd letter, and if there is a pull in the throat, it is then incorrect. These medd letters should be pronounced with using only the vibration of the vocal cords and an accompanying opening of the mouth for the alif, a circling of the lips for the lengthened wow, and a lowering of the jaw with the lengthened ya.
often pronounced at a position higher in the throat than the Arabic ha. The two letters from the middle of the throat need practice to succeed in their proper pronunciation. The first step is getting used to using the throat, . Think of the especially the middle, then work should begin on the letter: throat squeezing against itself from the middle, and try to pronounce it from that point. There is plenty of air that runs with this letter. is the second letter from this area is pronounced from the same point, but has more of a rolling sound. One Quran teacher described the sound as of that of a camel. It may not be practical for the reciter to find a camel and practice this sound that way, so listening to a Quran tape and trying to imitate the sound of the reciter will work well instead. The last two letters also need practice to achieve a correct pronunciation. is often mispronounced as a k by non-Arabs. The k is not articulated from the throat, rather it is articulated from the posterior portion of the tongue and the roof of the mouth. many times is mispronounced as a g like the first g in the word garage. One way of finding the articulation area is by gargling. The sound emitted with a deep gargle is close to the Arabic letter.
Is articulated from the deepest part of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth in the area of the soft palate. Is articulated from the deepest part of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth in the area of the hard palate. This letter is closer to the mouth than the .
These three letters are articulated from the middle of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth. This means the middle of the tongue collides with the roof of the mouth when these letters are articulated without a vowel, and the middle of the tongue separates with strength from the roof of the mouth when the letters are voweled. The ya here is not the medd letter ya, which was previously stated to be articulated from the non specific area of the empty space in the throat and mouth. The medd letter ya is a ya saakinah preceded by a kasrah, NOT a fath. When the ya saakinah is preceded by a fath, this currently discussed articulation point is used.
can be articulated incorrectly, especially by those with a significant overbite. Those that may have an overbite have to take the extra measure of protruding the lower
jaw until the bottom and top teeth are aligned. It may take a little practice, but is indeed possible to pronounce it correctly, even with the overbite. There is a lot of air that fills the mouth and runs out with this letter. Westerners sometimes pronounce this like the English sh, which has a more forward position than the Arabic . The sometimes mistakenly is articulated with an accompanying running of air. This letter should not have air running with it, so care needs to be taken to control the air and suppress its excessive outward flow.
The Teeth
The letter
This letter is articulated from the one or both sides of the tongue and from the molars and the gum area next to the molars. The posterior one third of the side of the tongue is used for this letter. This letter can be articulated from one side (right or left) of the tongue alone, or from both sides of the tongue simultaneously. has the characteristic of compression of the sound, as well as tafkheem (heaviness), so the deep part of the tongue raises up when pronouncing it and compresses the sound at the same time.
Another less common mistake is of going too far back to articulate it; back to the throat, in this case the sound is similar to a swallowing sound mixed with a letter.
The letter
This letter has the widest articulation points of all the Arabic letters. It is articulated from the anterior one third of the sides of the tongue until the sides end at the tip, and what lies opposite to them of the gums of the two top front incisors, the two top lateral incisors, the two top canines, and the two top premolars. The articulation of this letter is then in the shape of an arc, with both sides until the tongue ends at the tip meeting up with with gums of all the mentioned teeth. It is to be noted that it is a fine line of the sides of the tongue that meets up with the gums, and it does not include the top of the tongue. The articulation of the L is in English. is an upward movement, not a forward movement like
and the
. the gums from the place of the This letter is not always pronounced clearly, and the articulation point is only applied when it is pronounced clearly, namely when it has a vowel on it, or if it has a sukoon on it and is followed by one of the following six letters:
one of the above six letters, will be explained later, insha Allah.
These letters are also called letters, which means whistle. They are called that due to the accompany whistle type sound heard when they are emitted properly.
is not at the articulation area, but rather with the back of the tongue. It sticks to the very back of the soft palate while pronouncing this letter.
change the intended meaning of the Quran. This error should be attended to and fixed as soon as possible by the student of the Quran. is often mispronounced as a heavy form of z. The reason for this The (mechanically speaking) is not using the top of the tip with the edges of the incisors, and instead using the back plates of the two front incisors, which as covered in the last tidbit, is the articulation point for the . It is then understandable the mechanical reason for this letter to erroneously sound like a z when the incorrect is a letter that has tafkheem, or heaviness, articulation point is used. The and that characteristic tends to be present even in the misarticulated form of the letter, and therefore the heavy z sound. Some transliterations of the Quran, which we caution against using, write this letter in English as z. This contributes to non-Arabs also reciting this letter incorrectly. Some students of the Quran may have the articulation point of this letter correct, but do not make the necessary tafkheem, or heaviness that is needed when reciting this letter. The posterior portion of the tongue needs to rise up to the roof of the mouth for tafkheem to take place. The is many times mispronounced as a plain z. Again, Arabs as well as non-Arabs have this error. The solution is again using the top of the tip of the tongue and the bottom edges of the two top front incisors. There should be enough protrusion of the tip tongue in all three of these letters so that it is visible to the observer. The frequently is pronounced as a by mistake. This mistake can occur with both Arabs and non-Arabs. The same reason as discussed above is the cause for this: using the wrong articulation point. In summary the common mistake in these three letters is using the articulation point of the whistle group of letters instead of their own unique articulation point. The tip of the tongue needs to collide or separate with the bottom edges of the two top front incisors, and not the internal plates of the two top incisors.
The letter is articulated by closing the two lips together, but a stronger closing than the meem.
The is not a letter that commonly has mistakes. The only thing to take heed of is not to press the lips together too hard. The sometimes gets air in it, which is not a characteristic of the Arabic
, and the resultant sound is that of a p, which as stated before, does not exist in the Arabic language. The pressure on this letter is more on the inside of the lower lip than the outside, whereas p uses more of the outside of the lips, and has running air with it. There is an imprisonment of both the running of the sound and the running of the breath in the letter letter. Source : http://www.abouttajweed.com which makes it a strong