1.Do you remember these words? This is unit 6, so you might be used to English right now. You have learnt useful vocabulary and grammar structures so far. Let's keep on learning new words! In this unit, we will earn how to talk about celebrations. In this line, regarding grammar, we will Focus on the use of narrative tenses, the main tenses to talk about the past are past tenses, carrying out some exercises to check our understanding and evolution ‘We will learn different time expressions used with narrative tenses. ‘With regard to pronunciation, we will deal with the pronunciation of words which are pronounced together. Regarding writing skills, we have learnt how to write 2 discursive essay in the first unit, this Unit will deal with a descriptive essay paying special attention to the topic of this unit, celebrations. Competences 1. Toknow how to use narrative tenses and thelr expressions which will help us to identify them easily. 2, Todevelop a conversation between two friends about throwing a party, using the appropriate vocabulary. 3. To apply the correct structure of the descriptive text, making a clear difference between the parts which compose a text. 4, Tounderstand the main ideas from a written and oral text correctly, So, let's read something you will probably understand easily | will never forget my last birthday party. It wos o couple of months ogo. ! did't wont to celebrate my birthday as| was close to tur the age of 30. However, | would come back to that day again and ‘again jf had the chance because it was the most amazing birthday party | have ever had. My friends brought me my favourite singer. Can you believe it? They had been secretly organising the party for ‘six months! | was listening to Edd Sheeran’ songs at the courtyord when my friends suddenly set off Fireworks. The singer had been singing for an hour before he gave me one of the greatest gifts in the world. He wished me a happy birthday and invited me to a festival where he was going to perform some of his most popular songs. It was definitely the best birthday party ever!GLOSSARY: Celebrate: to do something spacial to show that Firework: an explosive which produces ‘estes nates present given to someone at ie oa Festival: organised social and 2. Reading Now, we willread a text which isa litle more complex. (My brother Paul got married 0 couple of years ago. His friends wanted to throw an unforgettable stag party. They didn’t invite me, of course, Fm not a man, but they asked me for some help to organise the party After {had been spending the whole day buying food, drinks, costumes and other decorations, they Called me and said that they would go to a club. | was so upset and mad at them. How could they do this to me? Anyway, | tried to forget about it and I started to organise my ssterin-law’s hen party. ‘She had gone through a fot before she met my brother. She got divorced and her ex-husband cheated ‘00 her twice among other things. When my brother asked her to marry him, she wasn't very sure at first, she was litle suspicious. $0, I wanted to hold the perfect hen party, | wanted her to live itup and chillout just for a change. ‘She is not a party animal, otherwise she i 0 party-pooper, but | thought she needed tohave a whale ofatime. Then, {started to think about good ideas for the party | asked her dose friends, her mother and sister, ‘and they helped me alot with all the party stuff. One of her best friends came up with such a briliant idea of hoving a foncy-cress party. | picked a unicorn costume for her and a rainbow costume for the rest of the women, The big day arrived and I was talking to my sister-in-law when the wedding day came up. She wasn’t excited at all an the contrary, she looked nervous. After we had finished the conversation about the wedding, | came up with a sily excuse to dress her up and we went to my garden, where the hen party was hela. Wien she sow ail those women there, she was dumbfounded she couldn't believe her eyes but litle bby Iitle she started to relax and enjoy herself. We had a really great time all together and she was stunning in her unicorn costume. Some months later, {started to organise their honeymoon!3. Vocabulary: celebrations [As you have seen in the reading, this topic is incredibly useful as you can use this vocabulary to socialise, Let's see some vocabulary you should know. You wil learn phrasal verbs, idioms and nouns related to celebrations. Honeymoon ‘The life and soul of the party Streamer Fancy-dress party Homecoming Party-pooper chil out uve it up Throw a party 3.1, Glossary Honeymoon: 2 holiday that 2 couple takes after ‘heir wedding, ‘Stag party: party for a man who is going to marry. Baptism: it Is 2 Christian ceremony where 2 person, specially a baby, is covered with water ‘olniticte them into Christianity Homecoming: (ia the United States) it is 2 celebration where old students from high school or college meet. ‘Theme party: a party where people have to dress according to a theme Baby shower: 2 party for 2 pregnant woman, where friends and family give the mother presents for her baby, Farewell party: a party to say goodbye to Hen party: a party for a woman whos going to marry. Feast: a special and big meal, usually for many people to celebrate a special occasion. Beanfeast: a party or social celebration where people have dinner. Fancy-dress party: a party where people wear Costumes or special clothes to look different. Parade: people go waking or in vehicles to celebrate a special day in the street. Reception: 2 formal party to celebrate something or welcome someone. Bridal shower: @ party where friends and farmly five presents to a woman who Is going to marry. Costume: clothes someone wear to look different or to pretend to be someone else. Decoration: adornments to make a place look ‘good on a special occasion, Streamer: long and colourful strips used to decorate parties and celebrations. Get together: people who meet to spend some time together. Dress up: to wear formal clothes or to wear special clothes to pretend to be someone different. Chill out: to relax and spend a good and relaxing time, Live itup: to enjoy at parties alot. ‘Throw a party: tohold a social meeting, ‘The life and soul of the party: someone who is sociable, fun and is the centre of all parties. Have a whale of a time: have a very good time and enjoy yourself alot. ‘A party animal: 2 person who really loves parties. Party-pooper: 2 person who doesn’t ike going to pertes.4. Grammar In this section, we are going to deal with narrative tenses. We are going to focus on the structure, the Use of these verb tenses and some useful words and phrases that can help us identify them. Narrative ‘tensas are those used to talk about past events or tell stories that's why we normally use past tenses. 4.1 Past Simple Structure To form the past simple tense in statements, itis important to bear in mind that there are two types of verbs in English, regular and irregular verbs. A regular verb is formed by adding ~ed- at the end of the verb (call called). On the other hand, irregular verbs have their own forms (2 column of regular verbs) (think- though? + Affirmative > Subject + Past tense -ed:/2 columa) “The truck driver erashed into the tree” “One of my best friends became a doctor lost year” In negative sentences, itis necessary to negate the auxliary verb “did” > “dida’t*, but the main verb ‘must be a bare infinitive (infinitive without -to>) Negative > Subject + DIDN'T + Bare infinitive “They didn’t bring any food to the party” “She didn’t complain about the messy room” To make questions, its important to change the order between the subject and the auxiliary verb “did” and the main verb is again a bare infinitive. + Interrogative -> DID + subject + Bare infinitive? “Dia you buy avy beers for Alice’ birthday party?” “Did Sarah pass her driving test?” Uses 4. To talk about events that happened In the past. These actions don’t have any connection with the present time, that is finished and complete actions -> “The driver | saw yesterday was so drunk that he almost crashed into my house.” 2, To talk about repeated actions or habits in the past > “studied French when | was a teenager.” 2. To tell a story > “and he ran away from his country, he couldn't stand the poverty there anymore” 4. General facts about the past > "Computers weren't as reliable as now some years 090”Time expressions Yesterday Last Ago In/on/at Yesterday Tastyear ‘Keouple of minutes | In +year > in 198 ago Yesterday moming Tast week "Two years ago Tat century > in the 19° century The day before yesterday | Last month “Three months ago | On+ a date > on May 24" On my birthday/weeding Yesterday afternoon Last + day of the week | Six weeks ago ‘Ate time > at 4o'dlock (last Monday) Yesterday evening Last weekend “An hour og6 ‘Summing up a nears rape ea) Prete cc Pree ery ed4.2 Past Continuous Structure ‘We need the verb “to be" In past simple as an auxiliary verb WAS/WERE and the main verb with an ~ing form, “WAS" is used with the 1* and 3" person-singular, ‘© Affirmative > Subject + WAS/WERE + V. ING “They were dancing atthe club when the owner tumed the music off” To make negative sentences we negate the verb “to be” WASN'T/WEREN'T plus the ~ing form of the main verb. + Negative > Subject + WASN'T/WEREN'T + V.ING “She wasn't having o shower when | called her” Interrogative sentences are made by changing the order between the auxiliary verb "was/were” and the subject plus the ~ing form of the main verb. ‘+ Interrogative -> WAS/WERE + Subject + V.ING? "You sounded sad on the phone the other day, were you erying? Uses 1. We use it when an action was happening ata particular momentin the past > "Jahn, J was working (on the project told you yesterday night” 2. We use it to describe an event or action in a story > “It was raining, everything was dark and ttle Tommy heard a strange noise coming fram the woods”. 3. We use it when two actions were happening at the same time at a particular moment in the past > “While | was cooking dinner, my husband was doing the laundry” Time expressions A specific While As ‘At that moment time/moment Yesterday moming | While washaving | As the child was coming | They wece meeting at lunch down the mountain | that moment “Two years again lune | While he wae ’AS we were running | I was doing sportat watching 1V that time The day before ‘While they were ‘As she was singing her | Bill was playing Yesterday at So'clock | getting maried favourite song computer games at that momentSumming up ES Deer Beara aad 4.3 Past Simple and continuous We can use both verb tenses together in the same sentence. As we have seen before, past continuous is Used to talk about an action in progress at a particular time. When another action happened and. interrupted that action in progress, we use the past simple. We usually use “when” plus past simple or past continuous. We will see the difference clearly with the following examples: “1 was having a shower when 1 heard @ strange noise coming from the kitchen.” > | was doing ‘Something at a particular moment, and ancther action (/ heard a strange noise) interrupted what | was doing, "Thad a car accident when | was checking my phone.” -> | was checking my phone when I suddenly crashed.” Remember! Wee use past tenses to talk about past event ‘we want to describe the series of events. aaa5, Writing: Festivity in your town 5.1 Introduction In this section, we wil learn how to write a descriptive essay as well a its structure and the language we should use. Descriptive essays are useful these days as we describe things most of the time. We describe books we have read, films we have watched, people we have met, cities we have visited, etc. 5.2 What is a descriptive essay? AAs Its name implies, ths isa text where a place, person or situation among others Is described. This kind (of writing will help us improve our creativity and vocabulary. We must try to illustrate what we are describing in our essay, that’s why the language we use must be clear, concise but also vivid. ‘The main purpose of this kind of texts is to make readers closer to the situation we describe and make them part of the story 5.3 Structure In this section, we will learn the structure we should use when it comes to writing a descriptive text. We should start our essay with a title. It can be the name of the place, situation or person we are going to describe, Then the structure would consist of 1. Introduction > to introduce what we are going to describe. In the introduction, you should only give some small details such as a name, a location (ifit isa place), etc. 2. First and second paragraph ~> to glvea detailed description. 3. Conclusion"> as we have seen before, a conclusion is 2 paragraph we use to condude our essay, You should give some personal opinions and suggestions. If itis @ place, you can also recommend the reader to vsitit 5.4 Example Thi isan example of a descriptive text. We will see the description ofa Finnish city: Oulu title Introduction Have you ever been to a dream place? A place where you are surrounded by snow, nature and (quietness? That's Oulu, a small city located in the Northwest of Finland and so close to Ravaniemi, which Is Santa Claus village, in Lapland. 1% paragraph Oulu is a very charming city with so many woods and trees that you can easily get lost. Rarely do you hear noises or cars, and people are usually shy and reticent but polite and attentive. Although, ts a small city, you can do many activities and you can come across a dance or music performance in the main square2 paragraph The city is famous for its university. Many exchange students choose Oulu as their destination to spend a semester or even a year. It is also quite common to see its citizens riding a bike, no matter If its a snowy or a sunny day, or if you are a child, a grown-up or an elderly person. Conclusion Oulu isa lovely and picturesque place where everybody locks carefree. Its a wonderful place to spend. your holidays in winter, which is easier to see northern lights, or to study at the university for @ short period. Summing up i Introduction coeur) parce (eons sta A description of VIM u es Reuse eater Peet’ LS Key ideas Let’s see @ summary of what you have learnt in this unit: ‘© By reading the text, we could learn some vocabulary related to celebrations and some past ‘tence structures we would learn in detail later. ‘+ We learnt types of celebrations, idiomatic expressions related to parties and phrasal verbs related to celebration. ‘© We focused on narrative tenses. These are the past verb tenses which are useful to tel story events. ‘© We learnt how to write a deseriptive essay, i will help us enrich our vocabulary and improve spelling. Descriptive essays are useful if we want to give a description ofa place, person, feeling or situation amiong others.