Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
05/06. Tn.
Contenido:
Tipos de tneles:
En suelo y en roca Excavacin manual y mecanizada
05/06. Tn.
Tipos de tneles
Con tuneladora Sin tuneladora Longitud del tnel Plazo Condiciones extremas
Grandes presiones. Fluencia Fallas, heterogeneidad Suelos muy blandos
Rocas
Suelos
Con tuneladora
T.B.M.
Escudo
Sin tuneladora
05/06. Tn.
05/06. Tn.
(1960 - ) (1980 - )
05/06. Tn.
05/06. Tn.
05/06. Tn.
Arranque
05/06. Tn.
05/06. Tn.
Escudos
05/06. Tn.
10
Escudo excavador
05/06. Tn.
12
05/06. Tn.
13
05/06. Tn.
14
Caso realista: tnel seccin cualquiera, tensiones iniciales anistropas y variables con la profundidad, terreno elstico o elastoplstico, proceso constructivo 2-D /3-D
Mtodos numricos
05/06. Tn.
15
Caso bsico:
Tensiones iniciales
0 0
N=
Cavidad a a r
0 a
cu
p q
p = qN q + cN c si = 0 N q = 1 Nc = p q c
N 0 = (sin revestir, a = 0 ) =
0
cu
Mximo valor de N 0 ?
N = N 0 1 a 0
05/06. Tn.
N0 =
0
cu
0
= cu
'0
sat
'0
(0, 2 0,4)
sum
0.8
Inicio plastificacin
Exec
0.6 c u / 0 = 0.1 (N0 = 0/cu = 10.0)
0.4
0.2 (5.0)
(2.0)
/2G
0
cu 1 ua = 2G ( 0 a ) = 2G N = a = a = cu e N 1 2G
05/06. Tn.
para para
N 1 N 1
17
Interaccin terreno-revestimiento
Presin, p
1 Presin relativa en la pared (confinamiento), a/0 Equilibrio Rotura revestimiento
Desplazamiento, u
rot
eq
ur a = a kr
a =
= 1 ( ) = 1 N a u a 2G 0 2I r = a = 1 e N 1 2I r
para para
N 1 N 1
05/06. Tn.
18
Interaccin terreno-revestimiento
Presin en el frente Desplazamiento previo, ua0
Presin, p Desplazamiento, u
rot
eq
u r ua ua 0 a = = a a k
= ua = a = a =
1 ( a ) = 1 N 2G 0 2I r 1 N 1 e 2I r
para para
N 1 N 1
05/06. Tn.
19
Equilibrio
Revestimiento flexible
05/06. Tn.
20
10
Sostenimiento primario
eq
05/06. Tn.
21
Curva caracterstica del revestimiento Curva caracterstica del terreno 0 u0/a u/a (elstico)=0/2G u/a (elastoplstico) u/a
Homotecia 1/ d/a
22
11
0.0
0.2 0.4
For h a = : 1 pi 1 N i = N 0 1 Ir Ir p0 s = pi 1 e Ni 1 = 1 e N0 1 p0 1 Ir Ir ( N i 1) ( N i 1)
0.8 2
Tunnels in clay.
1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gross overload factor, N0 = p0 / su 8 Elastic range 9 10
Ground loss
23
05/06. Tn.
Deformaciones. Asientos
Soluciones empricas Soluciones analticas
05/06. Tn.
24
12
Zonas alejadas
Las deformaciones se atenan con la distancia Escaso nmero de factores, la profundidad variable de primer orden
05/06. Tn.
25
p o = z h a ko po
= =
uo a u' max a
C ontraccin ra dia l,
Ovaliza cin,
Mo vimiento vertica l, s z /a
Ovalizacin relativa =
sz / a sz Descenso uniforme = = uo
u0
+
u( ) v( )
sz
05/06. Tn.
26
13
3*i
-2*i
-i
2*i
Asiento en superficie
Area de asientos:
sz ( x) = smax e
05/06. Tn.
x2 2 i2
= 2 ismax 2,5ismax
(0,-h)
sr
sr =
V 2 a 2 = 2r r
2 z1 z 2z x 2 z2 s z = a 2 2 2 + 2 r24 r1 r 2
05/06. Tn.
28
14
Mo vimientos en zonas alejadas al tnel Mtodos tericos Deformacin volumtrica, efecto de la dilatancia (Sagaseta, 1987, 1988)
Material compresible
vol = sen max vol = max
s r + sr r s r = sr r k sr = m r 1 + sen m = 1 sen
(x (x
x
2
+1 1 +1
) )
05/06. Tn.
29
Formulation (1)
Pure radial contraction
s x = a 1 1 a 1 x ' 2 + 2 4 x' z ' z ' 2 4 r' h 1 r' 2 r' 2
(Sagaseta, 1987)
x xi ' = i h
Ovalization
2 a x'2 z'1 x'2 z'2 x '2 3z '2 2 2 4 x' z' + sx = a x' 4 4 h r '1 r'2 r'6 2 Additional : 2 2 2 2 2 2 s = a a z ' x' z'1 + x' z'2 4 z' z' 3 x' z'2 1 2 4 z h r'1 r '4 r '6 2 2
05/06. Tn.
30
15
Formulation (2)
Soil volumetric strains
a) Basic case (incompressible) : s s k vol = r + r = 0 sr = r r r
Radial displacement, sr
Ground loss
1 + sin m = 1 sin
05/06. Tn.
31
Formulation (3)
Combined effect
sx a 2 a h = x' 2 2 r'1
(Gonzlez & Sagaseta, 2001)
2 x ' 2 z '1 x' 1 2 2 2r ' r '1 2
2 1
+ sz a 2 a h
4 x ' z ' z' 2 x' 2 3z ' 2 2 2 2 4 2 r '2 r '2 r '2 z '1 2 2 r'1
2 x ' 2 z '1 z' 1 + 2 2 2 r' 2 r '1 2
2 1
05/06. Tn.
1 2r ' 2 2
(.. cont.) 32
16
Formulation (4)
Combined effect (cont.)
At the surface ( z = 0 ) : a sx = 2a h a sz = 2a h
Exponent :
2 1
(1 + x ' )
1
2
x'
1 x '2 1 + 1 + x '2
2 1
(1 + x' )
1 x '2 1 + 1 + x' 2
05/06. Tn.
Baixa Station. Lisbon Sand Sewer. Cairo N-2. San Francisco Sewer. Mexico Cit y Lyon Metro. P1-S1 Clay Soft clay Soft clay
Silt, sand 16
(): The first row of values is for the passage of the tunnel face, the second one for the incremental movements due to the tail grout and third one the final (accumulated) displacements
05/06. Tn.
34
17
INCL. I-17
INCL. I-14
20
Parameters: Tail pass. Final 0.162% 0.041% 0.355% 0.355% 1.7 1.7 Scale: 2mm
30 -15
-10
10
15
05/06. Tn.
35
5.0
3.0
2.0
Hand mined (Belgian method) EPB shield EPB shield. Past experiences (Melis et al. [14])
1.0
-1.0
0.5
3.0
14 Number of sections 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Maximum settlement, s max (mm) 80 90 100 36 Total: 57 sections Interval for histogram: 2 mm
05/06. Tn.
18
Measured Theory (3D) Surface heave (mm) -15 Parameters: Given: h = 7,0 m 3 Vi = 2,0 m Fitted: = 0,4 v = 1,5
-10
-5
1m 2m 2m
0
SP14
10
SP12
05/06. Tn.
37
35 mm B
35 mm C
-150
-100
-50
0 Distance (mm)
50
100
150
05/06. Tn.
38
19
05/06. Tn.
39
05/06. Tn.
40
20
05/06. Tn.
41
Agua:
05/06. Tn.
42
21
Proceso constructivo:
05/06. Tn.
43
05/06. Tn.
44
22
23
COST ACTION C7 Working Group A ADVANCED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS Benchmark Example: Shield Tunnel 1 prepared by H.F. Schweiger and C. Sagaseta
Analyses: A: elastic, unlined initial stresses: uniform, k0=1 B: elastic-perfect plastic initial stresses: gravitational, k0=1 C: lining, ground loss 2%
0. 0 m surf ac e A 15 m tunnel diamete r = 10 m B sect ion D-D
-45 .0 m bedrock
05/06. Tn.
47
ANALYSIS A
Calculated displacements of point A, B, C, D [mm] A ST1
A 15 m = 10 m B
B -115 -110 -116 -111 -118 -115 -114 -114 -111 -110 -115 -114
C 62 64 62 67 60 62 63 63 62 68 62 63
Dvert. -24 -21 -25 -20 -27 -26 -24 -24 -22 -19 -24 -24
Dhoriz. -80 -79 -79 -82 -79 -81 -83 -83 -82 -83 -80 -83
0.3 m C
ST8 ST9
05/06. Tn.
48
24
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn. 49
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn. 50
25
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn. 51
-15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 -60
ST1 ST1a ST2 ST2a ST3 ST4 ST5 ST6 ST7 ST8 ST9
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn. 52
26