Basic Cooking - Methods Of Cookery 67

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By Super Chef

INTRODUCTION 1. Cookery is the science of preparing food to ensure that it will appeal to the eye, be palatable, and be easily digested and that it will retain a maximum of its nutritional benefit. 2. Cooking is the application of heat in order to: a. Destroy bacteria or other micro-organisms and any parasites that may be rpesent in raw food. b. Soften the muscular fibres in meat. c. Break down the starch grains in vegetables. d. Generally make food easier to digest. METHODS OF COOKING 3. Foods are cooked by two basic methods: a. MOIST HEAT : Moist heat is the application of heat with the addition of water, milk, stock, etc. This method is generally used for the less tender cuts of meat, fruits and vegetables, and specifically for those items that require a softening process. There are four types of cooking with moist heat.

i. Boiling: is cooking in water or another liquid at a temperature of 100o C. ii. Simmering or stewing: is cooking in water or another liquid at a temperature within a few degrees of boiling point. iii. Braising: is similar to simmering, and is a

combination of roasting and stewing, it is used mainly for cooking inferior joints, poultry, offals and certain vegetables. Meat or poultry should be sealed quickly in a hot oven on a bed of roots. It should then be half covered with brown stock, covered with a lid and put back into the oven at a lower temperature about 180o C to raise. Meat cooked in this way retains its own juices and also absorbs the flavour of the vegetables with which it is cooked. iv. Steaming: is cooking by passing steam from a closed boiler to a closed chamber or wet steaming oven; or by placing a steamer over an open boiler containing boiling water. Although in many respects steaming has the same effects as boiling, it is a more gradual process and allows the natural juices to be retained more completely. It is a satisfactory and economical means of cooking puddings and potatoes.

b. DRY HEAT: Dry heat is a direct application of heat without the addition of a liquid. There are four basic methods of cooking with dry heat. i. Grilling: is cooking by direct heat over coal, coke or charcoal, or under a gas flame or electric element.

ii. Roasting: is cooking by dry heat in an oven. Meat or poultry to be roasted should be put into a baking tray basted with dripping and placed in a very hot oven for just sufficient time to seal the pores of the flesh and prevent the loss of nutritious juices during the subsequent cooking process. Cooking should then proceed at a lower temperature of about 180o C.

Filipino Folk Songs

Examples of popular Filipino folk songs in Tagalog: Bahay Kubo, Sitsiritsit Alibangbang, Leron Leron Sinta, Paruparong Bukid, Magtanim ay Di Biro, Lulay, Aking Bituin

awit song awiting bayan folk song awiting Pilipino Filipino song katutubong awit native song diona wedding song

kanta (Spanish-derived word) song kantahing bayan folk song harana serenade talindaw boating song uyayi / hele lullaby

Dandansoy is not a Tagalog song but a traditional Visayan song. Visayan is a language different from Tagalog. Pamulinawen is an Ilocano folk song. Ilocano is another language very distinct from Tagalog.

Atin Cu Pung Singsing is a popular Kapampangan folk song. Kapampangan is a language spoken in Pampanga province. Lawiswis Kawayan is a Waray folk song. Waray or Winaray is a language spoken in Samar, Leyte and Biliran in the Visayas region of the Philippines. It is not Tagalog.

Additional Information

List of Filipino Folk Songs

By Kenny Leones
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Folk songs are, quite literally, songs of the people. And in determining the identity of a country, one can look no further than this form of music for clues to a particular culture. This list of Filipino folk songs offers a few examples of the many simple yet timeless tunes long since ingrained into the Philippine people's consciousness. BAHAY KUBO This song is as familiar to Filipino schoolchildren as the "ABC's" and "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" are to kids everywhere. Credited to have been written by composer and 1997 National Artist for Music Felipe de Leon (1912-1992), it tells of the traditional Filipino rural house, the humble "bahay kubo" or nipa hut, and goes on to enumerate the various vegetables planted in its vicinity. PAKITONG-KITONG

Also called "Tong Tong Tong Tong Pakitong-kitong," this Filipino folk song has both a Tagalog and Cebuano version. It describes a crab that is delicious to eat, but hard to catch because of its snapping pincers. MAGTANIM AY 'DI BIRO Credited to Felipe de Leon, "Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro" ("Planting Rice is Never Fun") describes the tedious chore of planting rice. It has been covered by Filipino rock band The Dawn, and former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada even rewrote it into a much more "inspirational" version entitled "Kung Tayo'y Magtatanim" ("If We All Plant Rice"). O ILAW A popular example of the traditional Filipino love song genre "kundiman", this song was made famous by Filipino singer and actor Ruben Tagalog (192083). The real title of the song is actually "Aking Bituin" ("My Star"), its current title having been derived from its first two words "o ilaw" ("o light"). ANG PIPIT "Ang Pipit" ("The Sparrow") relates the story a sparrow who falls off the branch its perched on after being stoned by a cruel man. It was co-written by Lucio D. San Pedro (1913-2002) and Levi Celerio (1910-2002). Named National Artist for Music and Literature in 1997, Celerio had composed over 4,000 songs and has even been included in the Guinness Book of World Records for his unusual talent of playing music from a leaf. SA UGOY NG DUYAN Another collaboration from Lucio San Pedro and Levi Celerio. "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan" ("The Swing of the Cradle") is a haunting and nostalgic lullaby expressing the feelings of a child finding tranquil security in the arms of a loving mother. SA LIBIS NG NAYON

This song describes the beauty and serenity of life in the countryside. It was written by Santiago S. Suarez and popularized by Filipina singer and "Queen of Kundiman" Sylvia la Torre. BAYAN KO Written in 1929 by Filipino poet Jose Corazon de Jesus ("Huseng Batute" 1896-1932) and later set to music by Constancio de Guzman (1903-83), "Bayan Ko" ("My Country") was meant as a patriotic song protesting the American occupation of the Philippines. Since then, it has practically been a second national anthem for freedom-loving Filipinos, a theme song for some of the most momentous events in Philippine history. Its most famous rendition is the one by Filipino folk singer Freddie Aguilar. It can be said that a country is defined by its folk songs. From this list of Filipino folk songs, we can gather that the people of the Philippines are a humble folk, full not only of mirth but also of deep aspiration. They are also an industrious people, with a love for the simple things in life, as well as a great yearning for peace and national freedom. And of course, the Filipino people are a talented lot, capable of crafting songs that reflect the nature of their beloved country.