TECHNOLOGY

Nursing from 1850 to 1900 concerned with providing care to physical needs of patient and maintaining a hygienic environment Some nursing inventions and innovations during this time: bedpans, bandages; surgical splints, nursing bottle; hospital bed prototype; foot cradles; abdominal, uterine and breast supports; invalid chair; portable tub wheeled to bedside; syringe; safety pin; diapers; improvements to stethoscope (invented in 1816 by M.D.); medicine spoon and vial holder, etc. Proliferation of hospitals began around 1870 which coincided with first formally trained nurses Nursing the equipment according to Sandelowski (1997) became the emphasis of nursing care since WWII In the 1950s to 1960s, technological advancements involving new medicines (particularly antibiotics), IV therapy, and administration of blood products became available From 1965 to 1980, machines of all kinds from dialysis to cardiac monitors to fetal monitors and automatic recording devices; Hospice created (1967) From 1980s to present, technological advancements include: computers in healthcare, safer medication administration and patient safety monitoring devices; EMRs/EHRs; wireless charting devices; robotic assistants; clinical decision-making tools and telehealth services. More inventions and innovations by nurses 1990s to present: 1990s: Burns Wean Assessment Protocol/Program (BWAP) to wean patients off ventilators; Perioperative nurse invents Omni-Jug for drainage of arthroscopic fluid, the Puddle Guppy that aspirates fluid from hospital floors and the Aqua-Box that disinfects fluid waste prior to sewage disposal; blood draw protector called Med Search Hand Guard ( or hemoshield); Bath-Bag; Bili-Bonnet 2000s: eMAR medication bar coding; Cardibra for female post-op cardiac patients; Modern Technologies that enhance care delivery: Wireless devices: PDAs, Hand-held Computers, Smart phones Real-time equipment and supplies location systems Delivery robots for interdepartmental services, such as meal delivery, hospital lab deliveries, laundry services Workflow management systems such as automated census boards

Technological enhancements contd: Wireless patient monitoring systems for prevention of falls Electronic medication administration with bar coding Electronic clinical documentation with clinical decision support capability Interactive patient systems: a digital platform for two-way communication and delivery of multimedia content at the bedside to assist in rendering care and educating patients

Technology in nursing education PC-based simulations; i.e., Healthstream software Virtual Patient Simulation Task Trainers Human Patient Simulation; i.e., Simman, Simbaby Standardized Patients (SP) Integrative systems Pros and cons of technology in nursing PROS: Improves patient safety and Time-saving for nurses Cost-savings investment for healthcare facility Establishes Best Practices evidence-based nursing Enables on/offsite skills-building & increased proficiency Response to nursing shortage CONS: Dehumanizes patient care
Not viewed as time-saving by all nurses

patient care

 Generational gaps in learning and learning styles May be perceived as replacing critical thinking/problem-solving skills Potential for breaches in confidentiality NURSING INFORMATICS Informatics the science of information, is an integral part of managing health care technology. Thede(2003) expands the definition of informatics that encompasses the management of information, using cognitive skills and the computer. Nursing Informatics - is the integration of information science, health science, computer science and cognitive science. - Is the derivative of the holistic objective of the medical practitioner such as the nurse, healthcare providers, physicians, and healthcare staffs. Application of Computer to Health Professions Automatic searching of parallel records for medically ill person and critical medical information Automatic searching of nationwide database holding registries or patients with critical problems Automated review of similar patients to determine expected lengths of stay, cost, and rates of complications allowing better financial forecasting for the hospital and better information for the patient and caregiver. System will allow the user to very easily pull information from vast number of patients. Improved communication between multiple providers to reduce the it slipped through the cracks syndromes that plague the smooth running of operating rooms.

 Patient care and management care providers are using data entry devices to document care given both at the bedside and central terminals. Patient records-compilation of patient or test data, maintenance and retrieval of these records and use of these records for billing and usage and outcome analysis. Patient monitoring by recording patient data on line and from various tests Exchange of medical data from the compilation and maintenance of databases. Interactive medical education from database and tutorial software. Physician decision making from the use of patient records and databases.

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AFFECTING NURSING PRACTICE AND HEALTH CARE Lawrence Weed
1st computer system for client care. The system was based on

Weeds problem oriented medical record and was names the Problem-Oriented Medical Record Information System (PROMIS).

Telehealth Enables health care providers to see clients without being physically present because clients are connected to a system that beams television and other signals to the providers office. Robotics
is the design machine to perform tasks usually done by humans.

Genomic Medicine Applies knowledge generated from human, bacterial, and viral genomes to develop new medical treatments and determine

specific regimens for clients based on their particular human genetic sequence. Stem Cell Therapy and Research Technology has given medical researchers the ability to grow body parts using embryonic or adult stem cells.