COMPUTER INTERFACING

SUMMARY REPORT
NAME: abdelhafez mohamed elkopaisy mahmoud

ID NO : 20091319

Group: (1)

SUPER VISOR : DR . ABD ELMONAEM FODA

COMPUTER INTERFACING

In 8085 bus structure: Some definations:

Bus : ashared group of wires used for communicating signals among devices . Types of buses : 1-address bus : it is agroup of 16 lines identified as (a0 to a 15). *the address bus is uni directional. *the MPU uses the address to locate & identify every device connected to its system. 2- data bus: is agroup of 8 lines identified as (D0 to D7). * the data bus is bi directional. *the MPU uses the data bus to transfer data. 3- control bus :it is acomprised of various signal control lines.

Steps of Memory read operation:

1-the MPU place the register address at the address bus . 2-the addressing decoding system locate & identify the memory register.

3-The

control unit (inside MPU) MEMR(active low) control signal which enables the memory chip & allows data to be transferred from the memory register in to the MPU via data bus. 4-The data should be transferred during specific window of times.

Memory devices: 1- 1 bit memory device:

a- basic latch ( without tri state buffer) here write & read operations done with out tri state buffers b- latch with 2 tri state buffers. * write operation steps: 1- address bus enables the (D.FF). 2- the control unit (inside MPU) sends WR(active low) control signal which enables I/P buffers. 3- what ever at Din written at Q. *read operation steps : 1- address bus enables the (D.FF). 2- the control unit(inside MPU) sends RD(active low) control signal which enables the o/p buffer. 3- what ever stored at Q is transferred in to Dout .

2a-

4bits memory device:

1*4 memory device :

Here we use 4(D.FF) and 4( I/P) buffers and 4(o/p buffers). *write operation steps : 1- the address bus sends logic 1 which enables the (D.FFS), 2- the control unit sends WR (active low) control signal which enables the i/p buffers. 3- what ever at I 0 , I 1 , I2, I3 are written in to Q of the 4(D.FFS). *read operation steps: 1- the address bus sends logic 1 which enables the (D.FFS). 2- the control unit sends RD(active low) control signal which enables o/p buffers. 3- what ever at the 4(D.FFS) are transferred in to Q0 , Q1 ,Q2, Q3 .

INTERFACE
Interface: a hardware and /or software data transmission regulator that controls data exchange between the PC and other devices. The most common types of interfaces used are: Parallel , serial , usb , EIDE/EDI/ATA/ATAPI, SCSI, PC card. *special-purpose interfaces: As the keyboard, mouse , sound card , etc (they cannot used for any other device). *multi-purpose interfaces: As the parallel port, serial port , universal serial bus(usb) , IEEE 1394 fire wire (the can be used for various devices). *general-purpose interfaces: It is the slots on the mother board as PCI , ISA slots (they can be used to connect various devices). *choosing interfaces: As a general rule you have to give up either convenience or performance or higher cost.

*interfaces choices summary:

Parallel: Set up is easy , external slow. USB: Set up is very easy, good performer, requires windows 98 and high. IDE : Set up is moderately difficult, performance is much better than parallel or USB. I EEE 1394 fire wire: Set up is easy, excellent performer , requires windows 98 and higher. SCSI: set up is more difficult than IDE , best performer. PC card : Set up is easy , good performance.

Hard drive: magnetic hard drive and is the direct access data storage device which is using local magnetization of the hard magnetic disks to store bits of information.

The major types of interfaces applicable to the hard drive: 1- IDE Note: Access means: how can u get information. Note: Every disk consists of tracks , tracks consists of sectors , sectors consists of records. Note: The data transfer rat (DTR) in applications as (video, audio) is the most important parameter. Average seek time: Is time neaded for the magnetic head to be positioned over the neaded bit of data. What are other parameters I should consider before buying the device? 1- warranty, 2- reliability 3- customer support 2-SCSI.

How many devices I can install on my computer for IDE, SCSI ? For IDE controllers are limited to 4 devices. For SCSI controllers are limited to 7 to 15 devices.

CD- DRIVES CD : it is based storage system. Types of CD: 1-CD- R : It is read only memory. 2-CD- RW : It is write memory. Spin rate: is the measure of drive s data transfer rate. In CD- ROM: 2X , 8X (is the reading rate) In CD- RW: 2x , 8x (is the reading rate and writing rate). What interface should I chose ( ATA PI , SCSI, USB , PARALLEL)? SCSI is faster than ATA PI , USB , PARALLEL.

What are the main performance parameter to look for ? As speed (measured by spin rate factor "number x) and average access time.

DVD "digital video drive" What is DVD ? It is looks like CD but it has much higher density of recording and DVD can store 4.7 GB, but CD can store 670 MB. What are the main performance parameter to look for in DVD? Is the drive speed, as example 4x speed DVD drive can match 32x CD- ROM. What are the main memory types? 1ROM: it is read only memory

ROM does not lose data when the system is off. 2- RAM : it is random access memory. RAM loses data when the system is off.

Flash memory The flash memory is called so because entire sections of the micro chip are erased.

Types of flash memory devices: 1- DINOR 2- NOR Types of flash cards: 1- pc card 2- ATA flash pc card. 3-AND 4-NAND.

Parallel interfaces The parallel port created for communicating with the printer How to communicate between computer and printer ? The computer puts 8 data bits on 8 data lines and sends strobe signal to the printer , printer read strobe signal and 8 bits and sends acknowledgement signal to the computer.

Serial interfaces If you send bits one at a time (as mouse) Comparison between ATA-2 , ATA-33, ATA-66: 1- ATA-2: Maximum data transfer rate= 16.6 MB\sec. Maximum number of supported devices= 2 devices. Maximum bus width= 16 bits.

2-ATA-33: Maximum data transfer rate= 33MB\sec. Maximum number of supported devices=2 devices. Maximum bus width=16 bits. 3-ATA-66: Maximum data transfer rate =66MB\sec. Maximum number of supported devices=2 devices. Maximum bus width= 16 bits. fire wire I EEE 1394 the advantages of the fire wire interface are: 1-high data transfer rate (up to 50 MB\sec) which is about 30 times faster than USB.. 2-supports up to 63 devices. 3-hot pluggable. 4-fire wire cables are very easy to connect.

Memory interface
Memory connections: 1address connection:

all memory devices have asset of address inputs used to select a memory location within memory device. 2data connection:

all memory devices have a set of data outputs or inputs and outputs. 3selection connection:

each memory device has an input , sometimes more than one that selects or enables the memory device. 4control connection:

all memory devices have some form of control, ROM usually has only one control input , while RAM often has one or two control inputs. Address decoding: In order to attach a memory device to the microprocessor, it is necessary to decode the address from the microprocessor to make the memory function at a unique section or partition of the memory map.