REACCIONES ORGNICAS

SUSTITUCIN: Halogenacin de alcanos: luz CH4 + Cl2

CH3Cl + HCl

Formacin de alcohol: CH3-CH2-Cl + H2O

CH3-CH2OH
Br

+ HCl

Br2

+ HBr

ADICIN: Adicin a doble enlace: CH2=CH2 + Cl2 ClCH2-CH2Cl H2 (hidrogenacin) HBr

CH3-CHO +

HCN

CH3-CHOH-CN

ELIMINACIN: Deshidratacin de un alcohol: H2SO4 FUERTE: SUAVE: 2 CH3-CH2OH CH3-CH2OH

CH2=CH2 + 180C (alqueno)

H2 O

H2SO4

145C

CH3-CH2-O-CH2 -CH3 + (ter)

H2 O

 COMBUSTIN: CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH3 + 13/2 O2 ( C4H10 ) ESTERIFICACIN: CIDO + ALCOHOL CH3-COOH + CH3OH
CIDO + AMINA

4CO2 + 5H2O + CALOR

STER + H2O CH3-COOCH3 AMIDA + H2O + H2 O

CH3-COOH + NH3

CH3-CONH2

+ H2 O

STER + HIDRXIDO SAL + ALCOHOL:

CH3-COOCH3 + NaOH Ejemplo: SAPONIFICACIN:

CH3-COONa

+ HCH2OH

CIDOS GRASOS + SOLUCIN ALCALINA JABN + GLICERINA

GRASA

SOSA

JABN

GLICERINA

 OXIDACIN:

KMnO4
ALCOHOL 1

KMnO4

ALDEHIDO oxidacin

CIDO oxidacin

CH3-CH2OH

KMnO4

CH3-CHO

CH3-COOH

ALCOHOL 1

CIDO oxidacin fuerte KMnO4 KMnO4

ALCOHOL 2

CETONA oxidacin

2 CIDOS CARBOXLICOS oxidacin (ruptura de cadena) fuerte

CH3-CHOH-CH3

CH3-CO-CH3

CH3-COOH

+ HCOOH

REDUCCIN: LiAlH4
CIDO

LiAlH4 ALCOHOL 1 reduccin

ALDEHIDO reduccin CH3-CHO

CH3-COOH LiAlH4
CIDO

CH3-CH2OH

ALCOHOL 1 Reduccin fuerte