74978.3water & Waste Water

Energy Efcient Aeration?
Nifty Nanoltration: Industry Developments

June/July 2011 - Vol. 26, Issue 3
www.wwinternational.com
Special Section:
Buyers Guide 2011-12
Global Directory of Products & Services
Rising Up
Privatisation Plans Bubble Away
Across Latin America
For Info. http://wwi.hotims.com RS# 1
1
www.wwinternational.com June/July | 2011
Cover image courtesy istockphoto
Contents
June/July 2011 Vol. 26 Issue 3
$55 Single copies US & Intl, $36 Digital (worldwide)
To receive this magazine in a digital format, go to www.omeda.com
34
26
48
Technology Roundup
Editorial Focus
DESALINATION
44 An update on the latest nanofiltration membrane technology and
installations, including ceramic membranes and multi-bore monoliths.
AERATION SYSTEMS
48 A new Blade Compressor aeration design being trialled in the UK
claims to reduce energy spend by 20%.
WATER WELL DEVELOPMENT
50 How a prototype water purification system helped provide hundreds
of cubic meters worth of fresh water to Haitians following the earthquake.
FLOW LEVEL MEASUREMENT
52 Battery powered meters help monitor water usage in Australian mine.
4 Perspective
6 News
24 Legal Perspective
60 International Show Preview: IDA World Congress
64 Technology Roundup: Membrane Technology
66 Product Review: Pumps, Mixers & Agitators
92 Diary
92 Ad Index/Web Promo
EXECUTIVE WATCH
14 Chief executive of the Japan Water Works Association talks to WWi
about the countrys rehabilitation efforts, including earthquake proof piping,
following the devastating tsunami earlier in the year.
CREATIVE FINANCE
18 China is stepping into the water reuse era following requirements
in Beijing for water reclamation facilities by 2015. A look at the role of
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology and market activity.
Regulars Regional Spotlight
LATIN AMERICA
26 Despite hosting 26% of the worlds freshwater sources, Latin America
still faces major challenges for water supply and sanitation. An update on
the latest privatisation activity.
30 One of the biggest industries in the region, mining, faces significant
water challenges as regulations become more stringent. Desalinated water
is becoming an obvious solution but comes with transport challenges.
34 Panamas Big Plan: an update on the US$516 million plan to improve
wastewater treatment and improve the current 60% wastewater connection rate.
38 Up to R$270 billion is needed to provide necessary wastewater treat-
ment across Brazil. A look at international business opportunities.
42 A new approach to sanitation is helping the peri-urban Cochabamba
region in Bolivia. Heres how it could impact on other developing nations.
64 Membrane Technology: polymeric tri-bore hollow fibre membranes
from Hyflux; a hollow-fibre ultrafiltration membrane system from Koch
Membrane Systems; Crossflow ultrafiltration installation by Pentair X-Flow
and NanoH20s QuantumFlux membranes pass NSF Standard 61.
Product Review
66 Pumps, Mixers & Agitators: High Pressure Reverse Osmosis
pumps from Clyde Union; leak-free mag-drive pumps for hazardous
liquids; peristaltic pumps help reduce nitrogen levels in Germany and
versatile sludge pumps from ITT Corporation.
Global Buyers Guide PAGE 68
69 Products
83 Services
84 Companies
SINCE 1921...
AND WE
STILL LOVE IT
Costacurta S.p.A.-VICO
via Grazioli, 30
20161 Milano, Italy
tel. +39 02.66.20.20.66
fax: +39 02.66.20.20.99
Management systems
certified by LRQA:
ISO 9001:2008
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OHSAS 18001:2007
www.costacurta.it

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3
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PETER S. CARTWRIGHT
President Cartwright
Consulting Co. [Oegstgeest,
The Netherlands]
FRDRICK COUSIN, PRODUCT
MANAGER Degrmont
Technologies [Paris, France]
BEATRIZ LPEZ LINARES
Environmental Superintendent
DaimlerChrysler [Toluca, Mexico]
IAN LOMAX Global Marketing
Manager - Desalination Dow
Water Solutions [Rheinmuester,
Germany]
PAUL OVERBECK
Executive Director International
Ozone Association-PAG
and International Ultraviolet
Association [Phoenix, USA]
ANDREW WARNES
Senior Product Manager -
Systems Pentair Residential
Filtration - A Joint Venture of
GE & Pentair [Chicago, USA]
EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
PUBLISHER Timm Dower
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Perspective
4
J
ust as this issue of WWi was going to print, the
unthinkable happened: my water supply was
cut off. Cue panic, hysteria and outrage. And
this was just from my partner. A quick phone
call to the local water company and we were informed
about the situation. There had been a
problem elsewhere in the community
and the supply was switched off. This
situation got me thinking. I know, dan-
gerous.
Inevitably other householders in our
local town probably also suffered from
minor panic attacks when they went
to turn on the tap. In most developed
countries water supply, and the com-
panies/processes involved in getting it
there, are generally taken for granted.
That is, until it stops. Our industry is
one of the most under praised and
undervalued industries operating in this world today.
We are quite literally 'behind the scenes' in one of life's
most important stage pro-
ductions. The audience only
see and really appreciate the
polished actor on the stage,
or the water out of the tap,
as the nished product. The
difference is that if the actor
has a bad day, uffs their lines
or trips up, then they are im-
mediately blamed, not the nu-
merous people working behind the scenes.
How different this is for the water industry. During my
personal water hiatus my partner immediately criticised
the water company, questioning where the money from
our bill is spent. I responded that our annual water bill
is cheap for the water we use. Clearly, this was not the
time for the 'is water to cheap?' debate! Anyway, a
couple of hours later and my calming measures were
not needed: water supply was back to normal. What
a relief.
Our industry works hard everyday to ensure the hap-
piness and wellbeing for the worldwide population. As
soon as water comes out the tap slightly discoloured,
or odorous, then the !nger of blame is immediately
pointed. Or if, during continuous spells of hot weather, a
hosepipe ban has to be enforced to conserve supplies.
Unfortunately people don't think: 'Ok, we understand
the challenges faced here on water demand, let's con-
serve our water: take showers, not baths and leave the
car dirty for a couple of weeks'. The immediate reaction
is instead: 'WHAAAAT? How will I be able to wash the
car, or water my prize owers?!'
I recently spoke with the delightful Yoshihiko Misono
from the Japan Water Works Association (JWWA). Dur-
ing his keynote address in Washington Misono highlight-
ed the devastating impact the earthquake and subse-
quent tsunami had on the country's water supply, now
four months ago. Immediately after the earthquake,
there were 1.6 million people without access to drinking
water. Within a mere 10 days, this number has halved.
Now it stands at just over 50,000. A remarkable reha-
bilitation effort.
What astounded me was his account of the com-
munity sites handing out water during the aftermath.
You would expect the 1.6 million people, most with-
out homes, possessions and even family members, to
be disorderly, frantic and desperate for life's necessity:
water. The reality was quite the contrary. Instead, the
Japanese populations were orderly, polite and calm.
Riots and looting were nowhere in sight. This was a
great reection of Japan's calm and civilised culture.
See page 14 for the full interview write up.
On the subject of Asia, I'm just packing my suitcase
for the Singapore International Water Week. Again this
year we will be !lming numerous high pro!le, video in-
terviews with industry leaders and reporting on the lat-
est developments from the country.
I look forward to catching up with many of you again.
Enjoy the issue. WWi
Lessons from Japan
The industry is 'behind the scenes' in
one of life's most important stage
productions. The audience only see the
actor on stage or water out of the tap
Having lost his water supply temporarily, Tom Freyberg reects on the
role of the sector and how the perception in the public eye changes
when things go wrong. How Japan handled the tsunami aftermath is a
lesson to all of us, he says.
Yoshihiko Misono, JWWA, provides an
update on Japan's rehabilitation efforts
after the devastating tsnumi
Tom Freyberg
Chief Editor
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June/July | 2011 www.wwinternational.com
Worldwide News
Europe/Middle East
Water rms take
responsibility for
private sewers
in England, Wales
A regulatory change in England and
Wales could see the responsibility for
maintaining private sewers fall to water
and sewerage companies rather than
householders.
While the transfer is scheduled to
come into effect from October 1 2011,
some assets could transfer at later
dates and some may not transfer at
all. The change aims to cut down the
number of householder complaints and
disputes requiring local authority inter-
vention.
In Wales the draft regulations have
been introduced to the Welsh Assem-
bly Government to enable the transfer
of private sewers and lateral drains to
water rms across Wales and England.
Welsh environment minister John
Grifths said: Where drainage arrange-
ments are shared between a number of
households it can be difcult to recover
costs from those who use the sewers
but are unaffected by the problems.
Concerns have been raised over
new costs directed towards water com-
panies.
Clive Mottram, senior associate at
international law rm Eversheds, said:
The total length of sewers for which the
water companies are responsible will in-
crease by approximately 70% when the
transfer takes place...these costs are
highly uncertain there are no records
of private sewers, so nobody knows
precisely where they are, what condition
they are in, or how much investment will
be necessary. The water companies do
not know what environmental problems
they are about to inherit.
Advanced meter
partnership
Itron and Krohne have partnered to
provide advanced water meter technol-
ogy to utilities internationally. Under the
terms of the agreement, signed recently
at Itrons facility in Mcon, France, Krohne
will supply water meters that leverage
electromagnetic technology for Itrons
portfolio.
The partnership will see Krohnes
electromagnetic owmeter technology
and battery-powered meters partnering
with Itrons focus on the water distribu-
tion chain, from network management to
billing.
Itron sold 9.1 million water meter units
in 2010.
FIELD NOTES
Work is nearing completion on a 9.5 million scheme
to reduce the risk of ooding to an area of South Bristol,
England.
Utility Wessex Water has upgraded Ashton Avenue
sewage pumping station to help divert stormwater away
from homes in the area during times of heavy rainfall.
During extreme weather conditions excess stormwa-
ter will now be screened before being released into the
River Avon during all tidal conditions.
The work at Ashton Avenue pumping station, which is
one of the largest of its kind in the south west, involved
installing new storm pumps twice the size of the exist-
ing pumps and diverting all stormwater through a new
5 million screening chamber.
Previously, wastewater from homes and open spaces
in south Bristol owed along the Malago storm water inter-
ceptor a sewer which was built following the Bedminster
oods in 1968.
Over the years increased population and hard land-
scaping meant there was more run-off during intense
rainfall and the pumping station at Ashton Avenue which
takes away the waste reaches capacity. This could po-
tentially back up and lead to ooding in the south Bristol
area.
Numerous modications were made to the site which
takes wastewater from around 90,000 people in South Bristol. Once complete it will mean the pumping stations capacity will be
increased from handling ows from ve cubic metres a second to 10 cubic metres a second. Wessex Water said work at Ashton
Avenue was expected to be completed by late summer.
Europe and Japan combine to
develop osmotic power facilities
European renewable energy company Statkraft and Japanese membrane manufacturer Nitto Denko/Hydranautics have entered
into an agreement for the development and supply of membranes for osmotic power.
Under the agreement, Nitto Denko/Hydranautics will develop membranes specically designed for the use in large scale osmotic
power plants. It is hoped the development will help bring osmotic power further towards commercialisation and eventually compete
with renewable energy sources. The partnership followed Statkraft opening the worlds rst prototype facility for osmotic power in
2009, at Tofte, Norway. The prototype consists of 66 pressure pipes with rolled-up membranes on the inside - it holds a total of
2000 m
2
of membranes.
Statkraft said that osmotic power has a global potential of 1600-1700 TWh annually, or the equivalent of 50% of current power
production in the EU.
Brett Andrews, president and COO of Hydranautics, a subsidiary of Hydranautics, said: New membrane technology is key to
making osmotic power a cost-effective, renewable energy source.
B&V appointed for 16 million water works refurb
Dee Valley Water in the UK has contracted Black & Veatch (B&V) under a 16 million upgrade programme to refurbish the utilitys
largest water treatment works. B&V has been appointed as the design and build partner to upgrade and replace and aging water
treatment assets at Llwyn Onn water treatment works.
The rebuilt works will be constructed within the constraints of the existing site and the new structures will be designed and built
off-line while the existing treatment facility remains in operation. B&V said that as well as improving water security, the introduction
of a secondary treatment process will further ensure customers continue to benet from the highest standards of water quality. The
contract will be executed in two phases. The six-month design period began in April 2011, and will be followed by an 18-month
construction period. All works are planned to be complete by April 2013.
The 16 million upgrade forms the largest single project being delivered under Dee Valley Waters ve-year AMP5 Capital Invest-
ment Programme, which is mainly targeted at the renewal of assets that are approaching the end of their lives.
Flood alleviation
project nears
close in England
8
Worldwide News
Middle East/Africa
Haya Water has now installed 1000km of pipes in the Seeb area as part of a water
reuse project in one of Muscats most heavily populated areas. The project eventually
aims to connect over 30,000 homes, ofce and commercial buildings to the modern
water reuse network. When completed, over 80% of Muscat residents will be con-
nected directly to the modern system.
Also part of the project, a water treatment plant is under construction with the ca-
pacity of 80,000 cubic meters of treated efuent per day to supply the network. This
development is now over 60% complete and will use Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
technology.
Haya Water CEO Omar Al Wahaibi said: Treated efuent can be used for irrigation
and watering of public amenities like parks and other public areas and by reusing waste
water produced in the Muscat Governorate we will reduce the pressure that is placed
on scarce underground water reserves or the need to use treated desalinated water.
The overall Muscat water reuse project comprises six major developments includ-
ing Seeb, Bausher, Muscat, Muttrah, Amerat and Quriyat. Each project will include a
modern water treatment plant using MBR technology.
Commercial scale FO facility
moves ahead in Middle East
UK rm Modern Water has secured a 500,000 contract in Oman to build the rst
commercial scale 200 m
3
/day forward osmosis desalination plant, following trials in
Gibraltar and Oman. Awarded by Omans Public Authority for Electricity and Water, the
facility will be built at Al Naghdah in the Al Wusta region, and will supply high quality
fresh water to the local community.
Patented manipulated osmosis technology will be used, which the group said has
been shown to use less energy and be more reliable than conventional methods,
particularly when operating in challenging conditions.
Neil McDougall, executive chairman of Modern Water, said: Forward osmosis has
emerged as a hugely important technological step-change within the desalination industry.
Water Reuse boosted in Oman
with MBR process-led network

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Worldwide News
Middle East/Africa
new units refurbished units rental units Spare Parts
and decrease your energy costs. To reduce operation and maintenance
largest MBR facility in South Africa
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies South Africa, a subsidiary of Veolia Water Solutions
& Technologies, has been awarded a R187-million (around 19.2 Million Euros) contract by the
City of Cape Towns Department of Water & Sanitation, to upgrade and extend the treatment
capacity at Bellvilles wastewater treatment works (WWTW).
With this upgrade, the Bellville plant will feature the largest membrane bioreactor (MBR) in
the country to date; and its capacity will increase by 20 Ml/day (20,000 m
3
/day), to 70 Ml/day
(70,000 m
3
/day) (average dry weather ow ADWF). The 20 Ml/day MBR will be separate
from the existing activated sludge plant. Hence, during the construction period, the existing
plant will not be impacted upon.
In addition, the design and build contract, including all mechanical and electrical works,
will see Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies South Africa supply a new inlet works for the
MBR plant, new biological reactors and six membrane trains. A new sludge dewatering facil-
ity will also be supplied, as well as an upgrade of the existing electrical and control systems
infrastructure at the Bellville WWTW.
Raw wastewater to the new plant will pass through coarse screens for degritting, before
passing through ne screens and undergoing anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic treatment before
undergoing ultra ltration and dewatering of sludge.
Currently in the basic engineering design phase, the plant is due for commissioning in
2013. Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies South Africa will provide training and mainte-
nance support for the rst year of operation.
Abrie Wessels, regional general manager, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies South
Africa, Paarl, said: The water produced has to meet strict quality requirements with regards
to organic matter, viruses and bacteria removal, ammonia and sus-
pended solids content. The submerged ultra-ltration membrane
technology will increase capacity while producing excellent quality
treated water, which will be reused as process water to industrial and
commercial clients in the area.
UAE approves seawater reverse osmosis facility
The UAEs Federal Electricity and Water Authority (FEWA) has
awarded a $82 million contract to Aquatech to provide a 15 MIGD
(15,000 m
3
/day) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination
facility located at Ghalilah, which will provide drinking water for the
Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. The project will be executed by Aquat-
ech on a complete EPC basis including civil works, buildings, bal-
ance of plant and electrical and mechanical installation. In addition
to the core reverse osmosis plant, the scope of supply consists of
the seawater intake, dissolved air otation, ultraltration, and post
treatment packages.
Set for operation in late 2013, Aquatech said that it wasnt the
lowest bidder on a capital cost basis, but that it provided the most
competitive overall lifecycle cost compared to the other 10 bid-
ders.
Aquatech has previously secured thermal and membrane
based desalination plants across the Middle East including Oman,
Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.
Seawater ue gas contract
awarded in Saudi Arabia
The Rabigh Power Plant 2, owned by the Saudi Electric Com-
pany (SEC), has awarded AE&E Lentjes a contract for seawater
ue gas desulphurisation technology (sewater FGD). Awarded
by Doosan Heavy Industries in Korea, the contract is based on
a cooperation agreement which includes working exclusively with
AE&E Lentjes and offering its proprietary seawater FGD technol-
ogy for new plants in coastal regions.
The scope of supply and services for the seawater FGD plant
at the Rabigh 2 site comprises basic engineering, supply of key
components and support during erection and commissioning.
Doosan Heavy Industries is acting as the turn-key contractor
to build the power plant at Rabigh 2. The seawater FGD plant will
be installed in order to ensure environmental compliance for the
sulphur dioxide emissions.
The contract follows AE&E Lentjes securing seawater FGD
plant contracts over the past few years including the industrial ap-
plication of Qatalum in Qatar, and Gheco in Thailand, a seawater
FGD for a 700 MWe power plant, both of which are currently under
commissioning.
Abu Dhabi project opts for German actuators
A sewerage upgrade project in Abu Dhabi has opted for mod-
ular electric actuators from German rm AUMA. The Abu Dhabi
Sewerage Services Company has ordered 300 SA type actuators,
with integral AC actuator controls, which been installed for op-
eration via eldbus and conventional parallel signal transmission.
Actuators will be used for valve automation at new wastewater
treatment facilities at Al Wathba and Al Saad.
Capetown upgrades wastewater plant to create
11
Worldwide News
Asia/Paci c
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industrial effluents including palm oil mill effluent with biogas recovery, MBR and conventional activated-sludge process.
AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TREATMENT
China water plant expands using nano-ltration technology
Chinese water company Tri-Tech Holding has been awarded a 130 million Yuan
($20 million) contract to expand what will become the largest water treatment plant in
the world using ultraltration and nanoltration technology for the City of Ordos.
The initial project will allow the Ordos facility to process 96,000 m
3
/day of water per
day, via traditional occulation, sedimentation, and conventional ltration, followed by
ultra ltration and nano-ltration treatment process.
The expansion phase is designed to allow processing of 104,000 m
3
/day treated
via the traditional occulation, sedimentation and conventional ltration process. Then
approximately 50% of the treated water, or 52,000 m
3
, will undergo ultra ltration and
nano-ltration treatment processes. The other 50% of the treated water, or 52,000
cubic meters, will bypass ultra- and nano-ltration.
Upon completion of the initial and the expansion phases, the combined output of
up to 200,000 cubic meters per day will comply with the national drinking water stan-
dards as spelled out in GB5749-2006, of which 148,000 cubic meters per day will be
ultra ltered and nano-ltered water.The project is scheduled for initial test runs no later
than June 30, 2012. After completion, the ownership of the water purication plant will
transfer to Dongsheng District of Ordos City.
Gavin Cheng, co-president of Tri-Tech, said: Although we have faced a difcult
winter that slowed construction in executing the contract...we have already completed
70% of the construction.
Phil Fan, Tri-Tech co-president, added: China continues to face heavily polluted
water sources, which led the Chinese government to issue the drinking water standard
(GB5749-2006). This new standard increased water quality indicators from 35 to 106
and is required to be in force by 2012.
Most of Chinas water treatment still uses coagulation, sedimentation, ltration and
disinfection. This traditional process is unable to process water at the rate demanded
by Chinas population, which struggles with water quality issues such as disease-
causing microorganisms, algae and algal toxins, turbidity, disinfection byproducts and
unstable water quality. There is an urgent need for conventional water plants to be up-
graded and to enhance wastewater treatment and reduce pollutant emissions, gradu-
ally reaching new drinking water standards in the country.
Tri-Tech CEO Warren Zhao, said: Following the completion of the initial and expan-
sion phases, the Ordos plant will be the worlds largest treatment facility that uses ultra
ltration and nano-ltration membrane technology.
The Ordos facility will be capable of producing 148,000 cubic meters ultra ltered
and nano-ltered water per day. The largest similar plant is the Mery-Sur-Oise Water
Treatment Plant in Paris, France, which has a daily capacity of approximately 140,000
cubic meters.
This project followed the initial contract awarded to Tri-Tech in 2010. The initial
build-transfer project was valued at $40 million.
Water Standard and Samsung
combine to deliver water vessels
Florida-based Water Standard has teamed up with Samsung Heavy Industries to
design and develop vessels to deliver water treatment solutions to the offshore oil
and gas sector.
The partnership will see Samsung construct vessels with Water Standard provid-
ing water treatment services and propriety process solutions and designs to help
with oil recovery and produced water. One aim is to help maximise oil recovery
through the technologies, which will be led by a team including former International
Desalination Association president Lisa Henthorne.
Amanda Brock, CEO, said: This partnership combines Water Standards unique
strengths and focus on a market that is growing rapidly with Samsung Heavy In-
dustries.
Worldwide News
Americas
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Brazil reaches Galaxy
ambitions on wastewater reuse
The Aquapolo wastewater treatment plant in Sau Paulo, Brazil has completed
installation of Amiad Filtration Systems Galaxy 6 SpinKlin Disc Filters. Built by Foz
do Brazil and Sabesp, the facility is dedicated to the production of reused water for
industrial processes, using wastewater as raw material.
The lters will be used to protect the plants ultraltration membranes and the
project was sold through Amiads Brazil distributor, Aquasys.
Acting a pre-treatment, water rst passes through the lters, which have a ow
rate of 2,400 cubic meters per hour and are designed to retain solids with a diam-
eter larger than 400 microns. Remaining water then passes through a biological
treatment and 63 ultraltration membrane modules in order to reach the required
standard.
Jacky Vinocur from Amiad Filtration Systems, said: The Aquapolo plant will help
reduce the current reliance on potable water for industrial use, and will ultimately
result in preserving more clean water for the citizens of Sao Paulo.
UV Disinfection systems
deployed across Indiana
The cities of Indianapolis and Fort Wayne in Indiana have selected Calgon Car-
bon Corporation to supply Sentinel Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Systems at drinking
water production plants serving their communities. As part of the contracts, India-
napolis will install 12 Sentinel 12 Systems at its Fall Creek plant to increase protec-
tion against Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and other surface water pathogens. When
installed later this year, the Sentinel Systems will treat up to 44 million gallons of
drinking water per day.
Separately, Fort Wayne will install three Chevron 48 UV reactors at its Three Riv-
ers water ltration plant as part of a retrotting project. The new UV reactors will be
capable of treating up to 72 million gallons of water per day.
Both Sentinel Systems have undergone third-party validation in accordance with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys UV Disinfection Guidance Manual.
Both Systems feature UV intensity sensors to ensure accurate delivery of UV dose,
an automatic quartz sleeve cleaning system, and a fully automated control system.
BWWB completes
$133.6 million bond issue
The Water Works Board of the City of Birmingham has completed a $133.6 million
bond issue that will nance capital improvement projects through 2013. The transac-
tion is set to close at a net interest cost of 4.84%, more than 3/4 of a percent lower
than the expected rate of 5.75%. The bonds were priced June 6 and sold by the
underwriting team June 7.
Nearly $70 million has been budgeted for capital projects in 2011. The BWWB
completes a bond issue every two years, usually securing between $125-130 mil-
lion. About $5 million is used for capital improvement projects every month, BWWB
ofcials said.
One of the most immediate projects in-line to benet from the bond issue is the
Carson 6B pipeline project, which, when completed, will provide an additional 16
million-gallons of water per day to the Southern portion of the system. As well, a
$329 million project to access an alternate water source is underway.
This project will increase delivery capacity by more than 41 million gallons of water
per day to meet growing demand. More than 30 other projects will benet from the
funding in the next two years.
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To learn more, visit godwinpumps.com
Making Ripples: Water Leader Focus
14
14
O
n March 11 this year, a devastating 8.9 magnitude
earthquake struck the east coast of Japan, bringing
part of one of the worlds largest economies to its
knees. One of the biggest earthquakes to be record-
ed worldwide, the seismic force was even felt as far
away as the United States. Groundwater levels in Texas and Virginia
uctuated wildly two hours after the earthquake was rst reported.
In an earthquake prone region, Japan had become resilient to a
series of smaller events throughout its history. But it was the scale
of the resulting tsunami which many east coast civilians did not ex-
pect. Measuring nearly 10 metres in height, the giant wave struck the
country with full force. Although the number of fatalities in-
creasingly grew, it was the failing Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
plant which grabbed headlines around the world.
With any natural disaster, the supply of fresh water af-
terwards is a necessity. In this case, what made matters
worse were circulating scares over nuclear contamination
to groundwater from pollution levels. Days later, however,
and these fears were soon put to rest. Findings from the Kanamichi
Purication Plant, which supplies water to Tokyo, claried that water
levels were infact safe.
Less than three months on and Yoshihiko Misono, executive di-
rector from the Japan Water Works Association (JWWA), is in Wash-
ington, DC, delivering the keynote address at the ACE11 event.
Misono highlights the devastating impact of the earthquake but
demonstrated the pro-active and efcient services of the water indus-
try. Immediately after the earthquake, there were 1.6 million homes
without access to drinking water. This number was halved within a
mere 10 days. He says that this number is now down to 59,000.
During the immediate aftermath, a total of 430 vehicles were dis-
patched from utilities every day to provide drinking water. And, at
community sites where water was handed out, Japanese popula-
tions were orderly, polite and calm. There were no riots or looting in
sight. A cultural lesson to be learned, and admired, worldwide. To nd
out more about the countrys rehabilitation efforts and water monitor-
ing progress, following the period of radiation scares, WWi caught up
with Mr Misono in Washington.
WWi: First of all, my sympathy goes out to the victims and
survivors of the earthquake. Following the earthquake there
were warnings of radioactive iodine in the water supply. What
is being done to continually monitor these levels and improve
public faith back into drinking water supplies?
Yoshihiko Misono (YM): Its not just water that is being monitored,
everything throughout the society has had to be monitored because
of the radiation levels. Theyre measuring everything daily and they
are releasing the results to the public. One of the problems is that
even though the International Atomic Energy Agency is in charge of
the standards, there are really no standards for knowing whats harm-
ful to people from the radiation. There are no standards for what is
the damaging radiation level for humans. We have standards for what
can be released but we dont have a rationalisation of those stan-
dards for the human population.
WWi: At the time reports showed that tap water in down-
town Tokyo was measuring 210 becquerels of radioactive io-
dine per kilogram (the acceptable level for infants under the
age of one is 100 becquerels and adults 300). Has this all been
cleared up now and drinking water is safe to drink across the
whole of Japan?
YM: The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare have the standards
but they dont have any rationalisation behind those standards. These
havent been reassessed but they dont have the rationalisation be-
hind them. Now they have cleared all of the standards (100 becquer-
Recovering
Japans Water Empire
Normally known for high quality, consis-
tent supply, Japans water industry came
under re earlier this year after the devas-
tating tsunami brought a nuclear power
plant to its knees, circulating scares of
nuclear contamination. Tom Freyberg met
Mr Yoshihiko Misono, the chief executive
of the Japan Water Works Association
(JWWA), to discuss the countrys latest
situation.
Misono informed delegates over the tragic devastation caused by the
magnitude 8.9 earthquake in Japan, only four months ago
Japanese communities were orderly, po-
lite and calm at community sites handing
out water. There were no riots or looting in
sight: a lesson to be learned worldwide
Making Ripples: Water Leader Focus
16
els for infants and 300 for adults). This is now at undetectable levels.
WWi: You mentioned in your presentation the use of earth-
quake proof materials, essentially piping made with exible
jointing. Following the tsunami, can you tell us about the re-
habilitation programme to replace all existing infrastructure
thats not earthquake proof?
YM: So in the area where there was an earthquake, the dam-
age was fairly light - it wasnt bad so there wasnt a huge amount
of work required. The two worst things and two biggest disasters
were the nuclear disaster and the tsunami - for the earthquake itself,
while we had preparations in place, we really didnt predict it to be so
bad. There was about 30 minutes between the earthquake and the
warning for the tsunami, so most people were able to get away but
some people were still there. In that area there have been very large
tsunamis in the past, but there have also been a lot of small ones.
This time a lot of people, even though they had the tsunami warning,
thought that it would be a small one and they didnt leave because
of this reason.
WWi: And what about help from the international water
sector, aid agencies, other associations and technology pro-
viders. How much did these organisations help out?
YM: We received moral support and a lot of messages from over-
seas. We received money and nancial support but technical support
was not received for water. This is because the Japanese, since its
an earthquake prone country, have a lot of tech-
nologies which are manufactured at a high level for
earthquake response. We did however receive a
lot of support for the nuclear disaster, from America
and France, infact all over the world. So we did re-
ceive technical support in those areas, but not so
much on the technical water side.
WWi: The JWWA is here in Washington
for the American Water Works Association
(AWWA) event. What sort of international
partnerships can we expect to see between
Japan and North America, and elsewhere go-
ing forward?
YM: AWWA has 130 years of history and the
JWWA has 120 years of history, so there has been a lot of exchange.
Japan has always wanted to learn from American technology.
WWI: There are a lot of similarities between the two coun-
tries and their water industries, with both enjoying a high wa-
ter supply rate. In America a lot of infrastructure was built
following the Second World War and now its time to refurbish
and implement new technologies.
YM: Japan learned from Europe and the United States but now
the Japanese industry itself is at an extremely high level; through their
own unique technologies. The world has a rising need for water and
the world as a whole is suffering from a shortage of water. So as a
collaboration between the AWWA and JWWA, we want to work on
solving the problem of dangers to water supplies worldwide, as a
global issue.
Whats important in that collaboration is getting people together to
exchange information and encourage human interaction. In order to
foster new people, we want to promote exchanges of information on
the staff levels to help bring new people into the industry.
WWi: We are seeing a trend now with Asian companies
progressing and exporting their technologies and services
Westward, such as Hyux and Doosan in Northern Africa and
Middle East, respectively.
YM: Singapore and Korea have been supplementing their tech-
nology and working to raise levels but if you look at it from a Jap-
anese standpoint, its not at that level, its not as high. The reason
the Japanese seem to be behind in exporting expertise out of the
country is because the area where they excel is with components,
such as valves and membranes. So with management companies
from France, such as Veolia and Suez, they have the expertise in
management and overseeing but there are not many of those types
of companies in Japan.
If we compare Singapore and Japan, we have 1400 water utilities,
with very diverse backgrounds. In Singapore, they only have one. So
we have a lot of experience and the background in this industry. In
terms of management, we are very behind. The quality of what they
are doing in Singapore and Korea is very good.
WWi: So going forward the ideal partnership will be comb-
ing the management experience of companies such as Veo-
lia and Suez with technical, technology expertise of Japans
water sector?
YM: Yes, exactly.
WWi: Do you have any nal messages you would like to
send out to the international water sector?
YM: Its very clear that water is going to become the next oil. So its
very important that on an industry level, information is shared to help
developing countries. We want to set up a win-win situation with the
developing countries. The year of 2015 will see a target date for the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
If we look at populations across Asia, we still have one million
people without access to safe water. So, under this basis, we will
try to extend our hands based on the municipality basis or the utility
basis, through to water operators as well. This is not for business,
but supplying water as a necessity. So we can help to improve the
water situation for the world in a partnership like the AWWA has with
American companies. The JWWA can achieve this with Japanese
companies. And it is through such partnerships where improvements
can be created. WWi

Enquiry No. 106
WWis chief editor Tom Freyberg meets Mr Misono in Washington
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Creative Finance
18
18
T
he average urbanisation
rate in China reached
46.6% in 2009. With
this gure expected to
increase up to 61.9% by
2030, the ever increasing urbanisation
of Chinas cities and towns continues
to accelerate water demand for agri-
culture and domestic uses.
Wastewater reclamation has be-
come one of the focuses of the na-
tional environmental protection plan
for the 12th ve year period (2011-
2015), set out by the Ministry of Wa-
ter Resource. This includes the target
municipal wastewater reclamation
rate of 10% by 2015 (note the average
was 8.5% in 2010). It also emphasizes the wastewater reclamation
rate for recycling and reuse purposes, as well as increasing municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment rates.
The benets of wastewater recycling and reuse are clear: generat-
ing a valuable renewable stream of water resource for non-potable
purposes. But this process isnt exactly new in the country. The
northern part of China was the rst to adopt wastewater reclamation
technologies to recycle municipal wastewater. Being the capital of
China, Beijing has highlighted its best practice in wastewater reuse
with 6,500 million cubic metres of recycled water consumed in 2008,
accounting for about 18.4% of the total water supply in the city. Elev-
en cities in China (including Beijing, Tianjin, Tsingtao, Ningbo) issued
more than 20 local policies to regulate the water reclamation market.
Furthermore, the 11th ve year plan has targeted the daily reclaimed
water treatment capacity to reach 6.8 million tons/day by 2010.
For the past six years, MBR applicability in China posed tremen-
dous growth with the municipal sector being the dominant end-user
segment. Large scale municipal wastewater reclamation and up-
grading projects started to boost in early 2007 with Beijing Wenyu
River Wastewater treatment plant (100,000 m
3
/day) and Hubei Water
Reclamation Plant (165,000 m
3
/day) being the signature projects in
the region.
Successfully holding three events - Olympic Games in Beijing in
2008 and both the Shanghai Expo and the Guangzhou Asia Games in
2010 - provided another important growth driver for the MBR market.
Also, MBR technology was part of a successful tender for an ancillary
water treatment facility for reclamation and reuse purpose, which went
very well with the theme of Green and Future in Now. As a result, in-
stalled capacity of the MBR market in 2010 worked out at around 1.1
million m
3
/day, according to estimates from Frost & Sullivan.
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS AND RESOLUTIONS
Before these three pivotal events, the Chinese government realised
the serious water crisis in North and East parts of China, and issued
technical policy as well as reclaimed water standards for different ap-
plications to further regulate the reuse market of reclaimed wastewa-
ter. This was referred to as the Technical policy on municipal water
reclamation (2006).
This provided technical policy on research and development,
marketing and promotion of the technologies as well as the engineer-
ing practices. It pointed out the overall goal for municipal wastewa-
ter reclamation for reuse is to fully utilise the municipal wastewater
MBR Technology
Propels China into Water Reuse Era
A surge in water reuse technologies is expected in China, spurred by requirements for
wastewater treatment plants in Beijing to become reclamation facilities by 2015. What role will
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology play and how has it progressed in the country to
date? Industry analyst Jennie Peng investigates.
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

(
'
0
0
0

m
3
/
d
a
y
)
Municipal
Industrial
Figure 1. MBR market: Market evolution of MBR systems in municipal
and industrial end-user segments by installed capacity (China), 2005-2010
Power
Steel & metal
Chemical
Petrochemical
Municipal
Relative market penetration level
Industries
Figure 2. MBR market: relative market penetration level
by municipal and key industrial end-user
segments (China), 2010
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Creative Finance
20
resources, reduce the load of water pollution, conserve water and
increase the utilisation rate of water.
It also set out that by 2010, the direct reuse rate of reclaimed
municipal wastewater should be 10-15% of the municipal waste-
water discharge for Northern water scarce cities. The same crite-
ria is 5-10% of the municipal wastewater
discharge for Southern coastal cities. And
these two criteria will rise to 20-25% and
10-15% for Northern and Southern cities
respectively by 2015.
Besides the technical aspects for water
reclamation (referenced on page 22), na-
tional and regional plans helped to further translate the increase of
wastewater reclamation rate into detailed targets.
According to Municipal wastewater treatment and reclamation
facility construction plan for 11th ve year plan, the wastewater rec-
lamation rate aimed to reach 20% for northern water scarce cities by
the end of 2010.
Furthermore, the Beijing Water Authority says that all of the
wastewater treatment plants in Beijing are required to be upgraded
into wastewater reclamation plants by 2015, meeting the reclaimed
water discharge quality for reuse purpose. Some of the plants are
even required to upgrade their discharged water quality to meet the
standard for surface water quality of Grade IV. This trend is likely
to spread out to other parts of China where water stress level is
high and demand for recycled water grows rapidly. One example is
Tianjin city, which planned to increase the wastewater reclamation
rate to 30% by 2010, and build up separate water supply systems
for municipal water supply and reclaimed water supply for all newly
built resident communities. Shenzhen citys wastewater reclamation
rate was 11% in 2009. It plans to increase the wastewater reclama-
tion rate to 80% by 2020, in which 20% will be the substitute for
municipal water supply.
PREFERENTIAL STATUS FOR MBR TECHNOLOGY FOR
WASTEWATER RECLAMATION
The Catalogue of Environmental Protection Industry Equipment
(Products) Encouraged by the State listed MBR as the rst technol-
ogy in the 2010 edition. It is no longer based on the inuent water
quality but focuses on the treatment capacity and energy consump-
tion of the treatment system.
The quality of treated efuent also rose to another level with em-
phasis on reuse and recycling applicability. It can be anticipated that
The benets of wastewater recycling and reuse are
clear: generating a valuable renewable stream of
water resource for non-potable purposes
Creative Finance
21
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Tel: +33 (0)5 49 93 93 93
Fax: +33 (0)5 49 93 86 71
frsales@euroslotkdss.com
Nomovingparts Maintenancefree
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Madeofstainlesssteel,Duplex,copperalloy
Avoidingriskofcorrosion
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Easilycleanable
Cleanedbyairblast EnvironmentalFriendly
the future focus of MBR technology would be more on cost-effective ener-
gy efciency application. This document plays an important role in consoli-
dating the adoption of MBR technology over other wastewater reclamation
technologies in the eld.
GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT PLANNING
Industrial experts estimate that the total investment requirement for
wastewater treatment facilities and construction is expected to be around
the equivalent of USD$22.63 billion for 12th ve year plan (2011-2015),
in which, the wastewater reclamation for both municipal and industrial
sectors is likely to call for a funding of the equivalent of 3.68 billion USD to
achieve the planned wastewater reclamation and recycling rate.
For the industrial sector, the water recycling rate reached 83.1% (Source:
National Bureau of Statistics) in 2010. On top of that, the Chinese govern-
ment concentrated efforts on industrial water conservation and reduction.
To comply with the government target, the industrial end users will need
to push forward more investment to reduce the unit production water
consumption and increase the recycling rate further to achieve the zero-
discharge target for certain industries (power generation, etc.). For the mu-
nicipal sector, there is a growing consensus that the water transfer project is
not the ultimate solution to solve the water scarcity in Northern China. It is
believed that water reclamation is the sustainable solution to reduce the water
stress for water scarce regions.
Chinese government encourages the development of wastewater rec-
lamation and reuse projects by compensating 50% of the build and con-
struction cost for municipal treatment facilities. This policy helps to fuel up
the development of water reclamation industry and install the condence of
technology and service providers.
Figure 3. MBR market: Market revenue growth
(China), 2005-2010
250
200
150
100
50
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Market size ($ million) (MBR system-based)
Growth rate (%)
R
e
v
e
n
u
e

(
$

m
i
l
l
i
o
n
)
G
r
o
w
t
h

r
a
t
e

(
%
)
Figure 4. MBR market: Revenue forecast
(China), 2007-2017
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2007 2010 2014 2017
Market size ($ million) (MBR system-based)
Growth rate (%)
R
e
v
e
n
u
e

(
$

m
i
l
l
i
o
n
)
G
r
o
w
t
h

r
a
t
e

(
%
)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Creative Finance
22
UNDERSTANDING CHINAS MBR MARKET: KEY PLAYERS
AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Among all the active players in Chinas MBR market, Beijing Origin
Water Technology Company demonstrates best practice. Rely-
ing on its strong government
background in Beijing, Origin
Water successfully sought the
opportunities of the pilot MBR
projects in Beijing Olympic Vil-
lage, the Grand National The-
ater and major upgrading proj-
ects of municipal wastewater
treatment plants in Beijing. It
also has the highest installation
capacity of MBR systems, as a
result of its dominance in large
municipal projects in parts of
China.
Following Origin water,
other key multinational play-
ers including GE Water Tech-
nologies, Asahi Kasei, Siemens
Water Technologies, Memstar,
Mitsubishi, Toray and Norit.
Some other well established
Chinese local membrane and
engineering companies such
as Litree, Sinap and Motimo
also found themselves in the
key technology and service
supplier tiers in China.
The MBR market in China
is relatively concentrated with
Origin Water currently dominat-
ing the market and numerous
small suppliers and engineer-
ing companies making up for
the remaining market share. It
is expected that the market is
going to be even more con-
centrated with turnkey projects
and Build-Operate-Transfer
(BOT) projects dominating the
business mode in municipal
sector.
As more and more competi-
tors move heavily into this mar-
ket, it is likely to become less
concentrated with decrease
in market share for key domi-
nants like Origin Water. Natural
water reclamation and rehabili-
tation is likely to be the next op-
portunity for MBR technology.
COST ANALYSIS
Costs of imported international MBR systems are still much higher
compared to local suppliers in China. The perception is that the im-
ported products are of a much higher quality, longer life span and
much more effective in terms of treatment. However, some of the
MBR systems supplied by overseas suppliers are faced with chal-
lenges in China due to the difference in water quality, system opera-
tion and upstream and downstream requirements of MBR systems.
The cost of hollow ber membranes is about 20% lower than the
atsheet membrane. Therefore, the majority of project developers
prefer hollow ber membrane over atsheet membrane for many of
the advantages, in addition to its relative low cost.
Overall trends tend to be cost-reduction. It is believed that along
with the innovation of MBR technology, both the investment and op-
eration cost (energy cost, labour cost and materials) are expected to
decrease by about 15-20% within the next ve years.
TECHNOLOGY TREND AND BUSINESS MODELS
MBR system technology is yet to be improved for longer membrane
life span and longer cleaning frequency, to realise on-line cleaning of
membrane elements and enhance energy reduction and tolerance
capability to handle uctuation in feed water quality. Optimised mod-
ule design is the key to ensure maximum delivery of MBR system
functions. Therefore, experienced design institutes or companies are
expected to set up guidelines for system design that best t the pre-
treatment and bio-treatment of MBR unit.
Unlike desalination or conventional water and wastewater treat-
ment plants, MBR projects are now being operated on a turnkey
business mode. EPC companies only provide solutions for project
owners but do not have the ownership to operate and trade the
treated water.
It is expected that the practices of BOT/TOT/DBO (Build-Operate-
Transfer, Transfer of Technology and Design-Build-Operate) mode of
business would be the possible trend for MBR large scale munici-
pal/industrial project developers to fully take control of the long-term
ownership of the projects, and integrate them into their overall water
business area.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is planning
to continuously and gradually increase the water tariff for industrial
end-users as a way to control the overuse of water resource. It is
expected that when the water tariff for industrial users is high enough
than the water price of regenerated water, the conditions for water
trading would be mature enough for industrial customers to buy high
quality reclaimed wastewater from municipal wastewater reclamation
plants for economic sake. Water trading is likely to be the future trend
for a water recycling economy.
MARKET OUTLOOK
The MBR market is considered to be the major technology for
wastewater reclamation for reuse purposes. Chinese government
is working on establishing more comprehensive reclaimed water
supply, usage and tariff system to enhance the implementation of
reclamation. The requirements for higher reclaimed water quality,
pro-longed module lifespan, and reduced energy of MBR system
call for long-term cost-effective modication/optimisation of the cur-
rent technology.
Exponential growth in the last few years and the strong local driv-
ers give it a potential of closing in on the $1billion dollar market value
by 2015. China is on its way to embrace the era of water reuse with
remarkable market to be addressed. WWi
Authors note: Jennie Peng is a consulting analyst in the Frost &
Sullivan Environment (Water) Practice based in Beijing. For further
information on the study please contact Frederick Royan, research
director for Water Markets at froyan@frost.com.
Enquiry No. 107
Technical Standards
as a Driving Force
Recycled water quality standards for spe-
cific applications (2002-2007) clearly specify
the treated water criteria of COD (chemical
oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen
demand), SS (suspended solids) and NTU,
etc. for the targeted application areas. Us-
ers of the reclaimed water are to be charged
a special reclaimed water tariff from 1.0 to
5.7 RMB/m
3
which is about 25%-76% of the
drinking water tariff. Ratio varies from differ-
ent regions of China.
National Standards of Peoples Republic of Chi-
na Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban Water
Quality Standard for Industrial Uses GB/T 19923-
2005
National Standards of Peoples Republic of Chi-
na Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban Water
Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water
Consumption GB/T 18920 2002
National Standards of Peoples Republic of China
The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water Water
Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Uses
GB/T 18921 2002
The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water Wa-
ter Quality Standard for Agriculture Uses GB/T
20922-2007
The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water Water
Quality Standard for Supplementary Water Re-
source GB/T 18919-2002
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Legal Perspective
24
24
A
s the Arab spring gives way to the heat of the Arab
summer, we are able to step back and consider what
impact the unrest that dominated much of the MENA
region in the rst half of 2011 has had on the procure-
ment of water and wastewater PPP projects in the re-
gion, and ponder what the future holds for such projects.
Will the procurement, bankability and delivery of such projects be
severely curtailed by the recent unrest and each governments sub-
sequent reaction? Or will there be more opportunities in the sector as
governments seek ways to stabilise edgling regimes or pacify the
citizens of affected countries?
Invariably, the answer will depend on the specic circumstances
that apply to each country. We consider the contrasting fortunes and
prospects of three countries below.
EGYPT
Until the beginning of 2011 Egypts PPP programme was seen as
one of the key target markets for infrastructure players in the region.
In the wastewater treatment PPP sector, New Cairo had achieved
commercial close on October 6, had just come to
market and Abu Rawash was in the qualication
process.
While the procurement process was not always
as streamlined as it perhaps could have been, an
example being the three qualication rounds for
Abu Rawash, there was every reason to assume that these projects
would be successfully delivered.
For the time being these projects are on hold. However, while it
is unlikely that any meaningful progress will be made until after the
dust has settled from the parliamentary and presidential elections in
the autumn, there is still very much the need and desire to procure
the relevant infrastructure and, as far as we are aware, most bidders
remain committed to the country.
The future prospect of these infrastructure projects is made bright-
er by both the genuine belief that business will be fairer and more
transparent under the new regime together with the support that will
be provided to the new regime by the World Bank, the IMF and nu-
merous others.
OMAN
The unrest that has occurred in Oman does not, in itself, appear to
have derailed the Al Ghubrah IWP project, with an advisory consor-
tium having been recently appointed for the project. There also ap-
pears to be continued bidder interest in the project.
In turbulent and potentially unsettling times for international inves-
tors there is a very strong argument to stick to what has been tried
and tested. On that basis, it is reasonable to assume that this project
will be structured very much along the lines of previous power and
desalination projects in Oman and that it is unlikely to depart signi-
cantly from market expectations.
However, reports indicate that one of the consequences of the
unrest in Oman is a focus on Omani entities investing in Oman and
major projects employing as many Omanis as is possible, not simply
the minimum number permitted under the Omanisation law. Whether
this is a factor that is delaying the award of Sur IPP is unclear, but it is
certainly likely to be a very important factor in future projects, includ-
ing Al Ghubrah.
KUWAIT
Kuwait has been relatively unaffected by unrest or protests and even
the recent limited protests appear to be concerned with specic par-
liamentary issues. Kuwait is pushing ahead with its ambitious PPP pro-
gramme.
This includes the PPP for the 650,000 m
2
/d Umm Al-Hayman Waste-
water Treatment Plant and associated infrastructure, which is likely to
have a capital expenditure in excess of USD$1 billion.
The transaction advisor has been recently appointed and is the
same consortium that advised the client on both the Muharraq and
Tubli wastewater treatment plant PPPs in Bahrain. Accordingly, there
is no reason to suspect that Umm Al-Hayman will present bidders
with anything unexpected, save where required by Kuwaits PPP
Law.
In that regard, the Kuwait specic requirements should have been
developed and to the acceptance of the market under the path-nd-
ing Az-Zour North IWPP project by the time that this project comes
to market.
Provided that Kuwait avoids the political deadlock that has im-
peded the delivery of many previous infrastructure projects, then the
future of this project looks promising.
CONCLUSION
With a few exceptions, there is nothing to indicate that the Arab
Spring has done anything other than delay the procurement of much
needed water and wastewater infrastructure in the MENA region.
Indeed, there is a strong possibility that the need to provide better
conditions for citizens together with the support of the international
community will lead to an increase of such projects. WWi
Authors note: Robert Graham is a senior associate in Pinsent Ma-
sons LLPs Dubai ofce. Enquiry No. 105
Will the Arab Spring Produce a Trickle of a Torrent?
Robert Graham, senior associate, Pinsent Masons LLP
Robert Graham considers the water and wastewater Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) opportunities
in the MENA region and the impact that the Arab Spring may have on the procurement and delivery
of such projects. A look at Egypt, Oman and Kuwaits water industries.
Until the beginning of 2011 Egypts PPP programme
was seen as one of the key target markets for
infrastructure players in the region
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26
Regional Spotlight: Latin America
26
South Americas
Water Colonization
While hosting 26% of the worlds freshwater resources yet still
an extremely arid region, Latin America is attracting major wa-
ter companies from around the world. Lis Steadman provides an
update on the latest privatisation activity and how the rise of the
regions megacities will help drive regulatory improvements.
L
atin American is characterised by huge variations in econ-
omies, social situations and attitudes towards private in-
vestment that make it a market of considerable contrast.
There is an unquestionable need for considerable
spending on water and wastewater services provision.
Take Peru, which is estimated to require $3.2 billion across the sec-
tor, including irrigation. Chile, too, while one of the most advanced
countries in terms of water and sanitation, is estimated to still need
$2.5 billion in the medium term for capital expenditure.
Opportunities are therefore considerable, but so have been the
risks - as historic events can prove. Uprisings against the privatisa-
tions in Cochabamba and La Paz in Bolivia in 1999 and 1997 respec-
tively remain a cautionary tale, as does the collapse of the Buenos
Aires water concession in Argentina following the crash of the peso.
However, the situation in the region changes fast, and in some coun-
tries at least a framework that enables private sector involvement has
emerged.
Some Latin American countries have legislation that actively sup-
ports the private sector and decentralisation. Peru, for instance, al-
lows private sector companies to undertake a management role,
and Proactiva, a subsidiary of the Spanish company Fomento de
Construcciones y Contratas (FCC) and Veolia Environnement, has
a contract in the capital Lima to provide metering and meter read-
ing services, as well as commercial activities and customer services
such as billing.

PRIVATISATION PROGRESS
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies (VWS), the technical subsid-
iary of Veolia Water, has also just nished construction of a potable
water treatment plant for the capital in Huachipa, which will serve 2.5
million inhabitants.
Chile has an advanced privatisation programme with a system ini-
tially intended to echo the UKs in the 1990s, Santiago and the 11
other Chilean water utilities were commercialised, with a strong regu-
latory body overseeing the contracts. Long-term concessions for the
whole water cycle are now the commonest form of private involve-
ment, and the country enjoys the regions best gures for access to
piped water and wastewater systems. Mexico also has a long tradi-
tion of private water contracts, awarding 50 Build-Operation-Transfer
(BOT) contracts for building plants to date, of which a number were
cancelled due to the peso crisis.
Proactiva also has other important recent contract wins in the
Latin American water sector including two BOT contracts in Mexico
City and six pumping stations for the Cutzamala system.
Olivier Orsini, president and CEO of Proactiva and senior execu-
tive vice-president of Veolia Environnement, says the company is
active in eight Latin American countries Mexico, Colombia, Peru,
Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Chile.
In addition, the company meets the needs of big industrial clients
especially in the pulp and paper, mining and oil and gas sectors
through its subsidiaries VWS and Dalkia. Proactiva has operations in
some of the most important regional capitals including Mexico City,
Mexico; Sao Paolo, Brazil; Bogota, Colombia; and Caracas, Venezu-
ela, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Santiago, Chili.
Veolia has been working in the region for over a decade, says
Orsini, and has a total turnover of 900 million annually of which Pro-
activas share is around 500 million and 400 for the other Veolia
businesses. Proactiva provides water services, which include pro-
duction, distribution and sale of drinking water, and treatment and
collection of wastewater, through different types of contract including
the typical French municipal system concession contract, BOTs and
operation and management agreements.
BOTS IN BOGOTA
Management contracts include the Guayaquil city water and waste-
Huge amounts of investment
are set to be spent on water and wastewa-
ter services in the region
To PPP or not to PPP: some countries have introduced regulations enabling the
private sector to actively enagage in the water and wastewater industries
27
water concession in Ecuador, where 2.3
million people are being served through
Proactivas local company Interagua, and an
O&M contract for water services in Bogota,
Colombia. The company also has BOT con-
tracts in Bogota and has interests in a num-
ber of medium sized (200,000 to 400,000
population) cities.
In Mexico, Proactiva is participating, in
partnership with local company ICA, in the
construction element of several BOTs (in-
cluding Queretaro and San Luis Potosi). It
also operates the 30 year water and waste-
water concession for Aguascalientes, serv-
ing 750,000 people.
While the groups interests spread across
disparate sectors, including waste manage-
ment, Orsini notes that it is not automatic
that having a contract in one sector facilitates
a contract in another. Obviously we intend to take advantage of our
presence in one division to offer services in another division, but it
is not automatically linked. We intend to develop a whole array of
environmental services when we are somewhere but they are not
generally with the same customer, he says.
The rm has also secured some major industrial clients in Brazils
oil and gas industry. We also strongly believe that in the major cities
such as Buenos Aires, Bogota and Mexico City which have over 10
million population, there is a need for new environmental manage-
ment solutions, says Orsini. Gigantic urban growth and mushroom-
ing cities pose considerable challenges for local authorities and pub-
lic service providers.
MEGACITIES AND THEIR CHALLENGES
There are some common issues across the region, he explains, in-
cluding a lack of infrastructure and a need to improve and invest in
existing infrastructure systems. He speaks of a two speed region in
which some countries have the socio-economic and legislative envi-
ronments for private participation and others do not. As well as the
obvious countries such as Chile, Peru and Mexico he cites Colombia
as having a real culture of delegated management. The booming
economies of Brazil and Mexico represent an opportunity to pro-
vide environmental services, he adds. The
growth in both countries provides a wide ar-
ray of opportunities. However, he cautions
that there is still a lot to do in order to allow
modern environmental technologies to have
a chance to develop.
In the developed world, there are legal
frameworks that enable technologies such
as recycling to develop on a sound basis, he
explains. This is still not the case in South
America, but it will come.
Given the regions megacities (such as
Mexico City, population 20 million, and Sao
Paulo, population 19.96 million) he sees a
need to foster a legal framework and regula-
tion to allow public and private operators to
develop more technologies to conserve the
environment. For instance, Brazil has devel-
oped a legal framework which includes the
2004 PPP law. He observes: We try to make water available to
everybody at the right quality and price. There is plenty to do in South
America in terms of efciency and energy saving to contribute to re-
ducing the greenhouse effect. There is a lot to do in South America
and the big cities want us to do it. That is why we are optimistic about
the region.
THE CHANGING POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
GDP growth regionally running at 5% to 7% per annum for the past
decade and the increase in urbanisation brings obvious requirements
for water and waste management. We believe despite some risks, in
terms of ination, we expect to see opportunities particularly in Brazil,
Mexico, Colombia and Peru. We are also studying the opportunities
in other medium-sized countries.
He notes that the region is changing politically and economically
most countries have achieved low ination and political stability. We
recognise ination is still an issue, for instance in Brazil, but we are
optimistic.
Although Latin America captures 26% of the worlds freshwater
resources and has just 6% of its population, this is not always re-
ected in the city locations, which can be extremely arid. Peru, for
instance, has to rely on desalination in some regions or water from
Veolia Environnement is active in eight Latin
American countries, including Mexico and Brazil
28
the Andes mountain range. It is not enough to have plenty of water,
it has to be available, Orsini notes.
It also has to be affordable for low income groups, he adds.
This remains a problem that we will continue to study. He con-
cludes that there is still plenty to do and that major challenges remain
in the region, adding: We see the middle class growing, and econo-
mies stabilising. Politically the region is more stable than it has been.
It is cause for reasonable optimism.
CASE STUDY - IMPROVING UTILITY EFFICIENCY IN CHILE
One of Chiles leading water utilities, Aguas de Antofagasta, recently
awarded a contract to TaKaDu, a pioneer of internet-based water
infrastructure monitoring. The utility provides water to the 700,000
population of the northern city of Antofagasta and the copper mines
that surround it, which are key to the local economy.
The city is located in the Atacama desert, where rainfall is a rarity.
The mining industry in particular relies
on water, which means a challenge
for the utility in providing a sufcient
supply.
Marco Kutulas Peet, the general
manager of Aguas Antofagasta, says
the system has added the capacity
for analysis and after to take action for
our network.
Like all water utilities around the
world, we have a lot of information a
lot of meters and data, but we didnt
have the capacity to undertake a good
analysis of the information and act to
reduce leakage and discontinuities of
service. The companys cost to produce water is very high because
the only option it has is desalination. Before the start of the contract,
the utilitys network had a 23% leakage rate, which includes both
physical losses and non-revenue water (NRW).
TaKaDus software-as-a-service solution uses statistical and
mathematical algorithms to detect, classify, alert and provide real-
time insight into leaks, bursts, DMA breaches and other network
inefciencies.
Aguas de Antofagastas public relations and communications
manager Salvador Silva explains that the utility is also working with
TaKaDu to let other companies and people in Latin America know
what it is like to use these tools to make their networks smarter and
more efcient.
IMPLEMENTATION
Work began in February and it took just three months for all the me-
ters and information devices to be coordinated and transmitting infor-
mation every hour to the TaKaDu system. It was a very fast process
and very easy, notes Peet.
From the beginning we started learning about anomalies that we
had in the network but had not noticed. Our people from the net-
work department had done some analytical work, but using an Excel
spreadsheet it took a lot of time to get conclusions, it was very
slow.
The real-time analysis enables the utility to be much more proac-
tive and focus its resources on resolving issues rather than trying to
determine what the issues are. Customers dont pay for the analyti-
cal process they pay for a service, for quality. They dont want to
pay more if you have more engineers.
Peet acknowledges that Chile is an advanced Latin American
country. If you look at potable water coverage, it is nearly 95%, and
wastewater treatment coverage is more than 85%. If you compare
that with the Latin American average effectively it is right to assess
Chile as being in a good position. And as all of our water utilities are
private, we are in a very good position.
Initially, in terms of the joint venture between the utility and TaKaDu
to expand provision in Latin America, he says that the partnership is
looking to the Peruvian and Brazilian markets.
Silva says: We foresee that as Peru is growing at a very fast rate,
with a very good economy...Brazil also has a very fast growing econ-
omy and a large population, and is a big market with a lot of major
water utilities. And of course inside Chile we have many opportunities
to implement and deploy the system.
ENERGY SAVINGS
Reducing the companys night-time ows has been a primary goal as
this most accurately reects the baseline state with network losses,
without distortion from demand. Our people have been able to act
in some areas of the city where we had high night ows, they went
straight to work in those areas and were able to reduce night ows,
for example in one area by 10,000 m
3
to 20,000 m
3
per month. It is
possible to calculate from that an annual and ve year saving.
This type of loss is being targeted because it is the type engineers
can most readily resolve. Others including illegal use, meter problems
and invoicing issues, require different types of action, Peet notes.
If we can calculate our technical, or physical losses, we can cal-
culate our apparent water losses problems with meters, invoicing
and illicit connections, Peet explains. When we know that, we can
redesign our strategies to tackle these issues. WWi
Enquiry No 117
The Chilean utility says it hopes with the software to be able to calculate
apparent water losses and problems with meters
Veolia has been working in the region for over a decade, with a total
turnover of 900 annually, of which Proactivas share is 500 million
Chilean utility Aguas de Antofagasta used
TaKaDu software to help with network ef-
ciencies and consolidating meter data
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30
30
M
ining investments in South America are very active.
Nearly US$100 billion is expected to be spent dur-
ing this decade in Chile and Peru alone. Other sub-
stantial investments will notably include Colombia,
Brazil and other South American countries. This
very large amount of projects will be executed in very challenging
geographical settings, often high up in the Andes Mountains. It is the
search for sustainable water sources to support both existing and
new mineral processing needs that will prove even more challenging
for these projects than electricity supply.
Arid regions such as the North of Chile or the South of Peru are
facing an upcoming crisis in available land-based water resources,
and are focusing on the use of seawater. However, even Mexico
and Brazil are facing the same dilemma. The local mining industry is
competing for the same resources as other users, putting at risk any
long-term project development depending on the same stretched
hydrological resources.
Conversely, and even in semi-arid regions, during part of the year
mining operations may experience a surplus of water in their opera-
tions. Wet seasons or snow and ice melt may enter the mining op-
erations: mine pits, tailings ponds, waste dumps and leach pads. As
a result, some of this water may have to be discharged temporarily
to the environment. And, as is the trend globally, South American
environmental discharge legislation is becoming more stringent for
mining companies. Peru and Chile, for example, have implemented
some of the strictest environmental efuent discharge legislations
worldwide, with some critical parameters required to meet standards
even below potable water.
GEOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES
Both on the water supply side as well as the efuent discharge op-
tions, mining companies are facing continuation in demanding situ-
ations. In most cases, the use of seawater requires signicant in-
vestments of marine structures, desalination plants, energy supply
systems and moreover very complex water conveyance systems. In
the mountainous regions of South America, nota-
bly Chile and Peru, many of the major mining proj-
ects being developed are located high up in the
Andes mountains, at altitudes of up to 4 km above
sea level and 200 kilometers from the coastline.
These mine water supply projects face several
engineering and design challenges, as well as local
political and economic challenges. These include
local geography, community relations, environ-
mental impacts, and energy requirements, for the
implementation of large seawater treatment and
conveyance systems. As such, there is a limit to
alternative designs that can be considered for this
type of coastal infrastructure projects. In order to
achieve signicant savings in investment and op-
erational costs, the design of water supply projects
must also involve the development of an accurate
water balance. This is so that the seawater treat-
ment plants, pipelines, and pumping stations,
are not over (or under) designed. Project logistics
must also reect progressive change in the water
demand and may need to consider a modular, ex-
pandable design.
Although the majority of the seawater supply
projects are being identied as seawater desalination projects, in re-
ality they are a result of a complex integration of marine works, a de-
salination treatment system combined with a high pressure convey-
ance pipeline and an energy transmission project. In practice, mining
companies consider the project as a whole, and require a complete
supply solution. This may result in a disconnect with the actual mar-
ket because of the limited size of the desalination plant compared to
the overall project.
Furthermore, it is not always logical that desalination OEM provid-
ers would manage the complete project, as they might in more con-
ventional public sector desalination projects around the world.
Unearthing Ef cient
Mining Water Solutions
As environmental regulations become more stringent, South American mining companies
are facing signicant water challenges. Desalinated water is proving a vital source but with
mines in Chile and Peru up to 200 kilometres from the coastline, water transport and
networks are a major consideration, say Raymond Philippe and Hubert Fleming.
Figure 1.
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32
Figure 2.
Precipitation
drainage
evaporation
Fresh water
Reagents
Mineral
Efuents
Products
Mining
process
Other important aspects to consider for design and construction
in a mining environment, besides a required heavy duty design, are
the very demanding quality, health and safety demands that the min-
ing industry imposes. These must be reected both in design as well
as in project execution.
Consequences and costs are sometimes underestimated by
process and equipment providers and construction companies,
especially when their background experience is mostly in municipal
potable and wastewater plants. The entire design, specication and
procurement process is unique for the mining industry.
The high energy demand required for conveying the water, due
to the great distances and elevations involved, and the availability of
an energy supply source represent a signicant challenge. Hence,
a strong focus on optimisation is crucial to delivering a successful
seawater treatment and conveyance project in northern Chile, for
example. Previous design experience is fundamental in developing
and delivering successful water supply projects, considering the large
number of issues, various aspects and interactions encountered dur-
ing design that must be taken into account.
DIRECT SEAWATER VS. DESALINATED WATER
Both Peru and Chile already have existing mining operations using
desalinated seawater in their mineral processing plants. Several oth-
er major mining houses are in the denition or even implementation
phases for similar treatment. Examples include Freeport McMoran,
Anglo American, and Goldcorp among others. In order to meet their
source water requirement , several are implementing the use of direct
(salty) seawater as their make-up process water source - a recent
example being AMSAs Esperanza mine.
The use of direct seawater versus desalinated water is generally a
trade off between capital and operating costs. That operating cost
must include the impact of seawater on operations of the mine as well,
including effect on metallurgy of mine equipment, as well as efciency
of the mining or beneciation or ore recovery processing plant. There
is often a substantial difference in benets associated with comparing
parameters as metallurgical recovery and even effective production
time due to plant availability between seawater and desalinated water.
Direct cost for desalinated seawater supply, depending on altitude
and distance from the coast, and price of energy, will vary between
US$1 to US$4 per cubic meter. This cost is evaluated against the
benets of water to mine production. In the case of the copper min-
ing industry, desalinated seawater supply cost may represent be-
tween 3% to 20% of total direct operational costs. Its clear to see
how water becomes one of the most impacting consumables for the
mining industry. In addition, with lower quality metal contents in avail-
able mineral resources, a net higher water consumption per pound
of metal produced is required, further driving up water costs as a
percent of total cost of operations.
WATER USAGE AND RECYCLING
As a consequence, the mining industry located in arid regions of South
America is looking at strategies to improve water usage, especially fo-
cusing on better water recycling rates. Processes are being optimised
to improve water return from tailing ponds, to avoid water losses due
to evaporation and inltration, and to avoid generation of efuents. As
an example, in a concentrator mill with a conventional tailing storage
facility, total water retention may be up to 50% compared to newer
developments such as thickened tailings or paste technology.
There are risks associated with water usage optimisation that
must be evaluated, which are not always understood or even con-
sidered when aiming at low make-up water supply for mining opera-
tions. These risks can only be quantied through an analysis of both
the quantitative water balance as well as a qualitative water balance.
Mineral processing sites may use various feed water qualities, to
which reagents are being added to the process streams, and may
even suffer from geochemical processes like acid mine drainage gen-
eration. As a result, generally there is imbalance between the water
quantity and quality distributions.
One of the major disadvantages of recirculating and recycling wa-
ter is the possible build-up of contaminants in the water balance.
If less fresh water is used and instead more contaminated water is
being reused, there will be a higher risk of contaminant retention in
the system that may have various negative chemical effects, such
as corrosion, scale formation, modication of metallurgical chemistry
and so forth. As a result the mine site may start suffering economi-
cal consequences due to less plant availability, higher maintenance
requirements or even less metallurgical recovery and production.
Although huge savings may be obtained in water supply require-
ments, this has to be offset against possible bleed stream require-
ments due to a build-up of contaminants in the process water circuit
to avoid these downsides. This may especially be the case in mineral
processing systems that consider the use of poor quality water such
as direct seawater or brackish well water.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Although there are less traditional land-based viable water supplies
available, future mining projects in South America seem to have
found a new source that may quench its thirst: the ocean. New tech-
nology developments and best practices applied to water manage-
ment in the mining industry may help ease the economical impact of
supplying (desalinated) seawater to the mine sites. In order to resolve
the negative effects of contaminants build up due to high efcient
water usage, the next steps for improvement of mineral processing
economics will have to include the integration of water quality and
chemistry within the mine site water management plans.
Going forward, effective water management in the industry will
include desalination, as well as more effective wastewater treatment
and reuse. WWi
Authors note: Raymond Philippe is the Chile water direc-
tor and Hubert Fleming, Ph.D., is the global director water at
Hatch. For more information, please email: RPhilippe@hatch.cl.
Enquiry No. 108
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34
T
he government of Panama has been planning a project
to clean the Bay of Panama for many years. The main
objective is to clean resid-
ual waters which are dis-
charged into the bay and
surrounding streams and eventually
recover the regions natural state.
According to information gathered
by the Ministry of Health and National
Institute of Aqueducts (IDAAN in Span-
ish), only 60% of inhabitants are served
by the current sewage system in the
city. Most of these residual waters are
gathered through septic tanks, but due
to maintenance of the system it is not
adequate and the waters are dumped
into the bay with practically no treat-
ment at all.
There also are many industries
which dump illegally residual waters
highly contaminated with grease, met-
als, chemicals and animal wastes. Only
a very small percentage of residual
waters make it to the waste treatment
plants; most of which are undersized
and do not receive the necessary main-
tenance.
Due to this unsustainable situation and to manage the demo-
graphic growth of the city
and economic growth of
the country, the Caribbean
nation in 2006 took the rst
steps, under the supervi-
sion of IDAAN, to construct
a new water treatment sys-
tem for the Bay of Panama
and the installation of new
sewage system, called the interceptor (tunnel) system and Residual
Water Treatment Plant, set for completed in 2013.
Until the end of 2011 bids will be accepted on the second stage of
Juan Diaz (Llano Bonito) recollection plant, construction of the recol-
lection plant for Curundu and construction of the second phase for
the sewage network for San Miguelito. The cost of the entire project
will be US$516 million, of which US$64 million will be nanced by
the national government, while the balance will be nanced through
international loans (as detailed in table 1).
Based on the master consolidation plan created in 2001, the
Treatment Project for the City and Bay of Panama is divided into four
key areas, including sew-
age networks, collection of
wastewater, interceptor sys-
tem (tunnel) and wastewater
treatment plant (PTAR). This
master plan study for water
treatment for the City and
Bay of Panama is part of the
PAN/97/003 Technical Co-
operation and Support to the
Reform Program to the Ba-
sic Infrastructure nanced
with resources from a loan
Panamas Big Plan
Panama may be renowned for its Canal expansion news, but plans for improved
wastewater treatment are also grabbing headlines. A US $516 project aims to increase the
current gure of only 60% of inhabitants connected to the sewage system in the city.
Mauro Nogarin provides an update to the developments.
Table 1. (Source: Panama Ministry of Health)
Source of Financing $USD (m).
Interamerican Development Bank (BID) 75
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 200
European Investment Bank (BEI) 40
International Airport of Tocumen 17
Corporacin Andina de Fomento (CAF) 120
National Government 64
Total 516
Level of completion of work on April 2011 (Source: Panama Ministry of Health)
Project
Cost (US$
Millons)
Contractor Source of Financing Advance (%)
Construction of Sewage Networks in San Migueli-
to (1ra Stage)
7.2 COPISA BID 100
Ro Abajo 8.1 CUSA BID 100
Collection Facility 11.7 FCC BID 99
Matas Hernndez Collection Facility 8.6 COPISA BID 100
Juan Daz Collection Facility (First Stage) 15.9 CONSORCIO TOCUMEN TOCUMEN S.A. 100
Sewage Network and Collection Facility Tocumen 139.5 ODEBRECHT JICA 47
Interceptor System (Tunnel) 211.7 CONSORCIO ODEBRECHT -DEGREMONT JICA 45
Sewage Treatment Facility 27.9 HIDALGO E HIDALGO BEI 66
Interceptor East 14.9 CONSORCIO LAJAS (FCC MS) BEI 34
Las Lajas Collection Facility 14.9 CONSORCIO LAJAS (FCC MS) BEI
Part of the interceptor tunnel
East access to interceptor tunnel
Credit: MSCP
35
from the Inter American Development Bank (IDB) and the Republic
of Panama.
Plans show that once residual waters are collected, they are trans-
ported by a pipe network that runs inside the rivers to locations near
the coast, where they join the Interceptor Network (tunnel) that chan-
nels them to a pipeline system. This will be operated by gravity ow
and pump stations, which directs the entire ow of wastewater to
Juan Diaz, where biological treatment takes place at the wastewa-
Panoramic view of water treatment plant
Credit: MSCP
36
ter treatment plant, in order for the outow to meet
Panamanian environmental standards.
The project will come online at different stages. At
the end of 2012 the treatment plant, which is being
built by Odebrecht Brazil, will be operational and af-
terwards the Interceptor Tunnel will enter operations
in 2013.
According to the report by the Ministry of Health
of Panama, in April of 2011, the sewage system was
100% complete, as were the downriver collection fa-
cilities, the Juan Diaz collection plant, and the Tocu-
men collection network. The Matias Hernandez col-
lection facility was 99% completed. The Interceptor
Tunnel is 66% completed, and the collection network
that operates in the tunnel is 47% completed. Fur-
thermore, the water treatment facility plant is nearing
45% completion and the Lajas collection network is
34% completed.
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
After the Ministry of Health selected ve potential
locations, environmental engineering group Hazen
& Sawyer compared the sites and nally selected
location 2A as having the highest technical score.
Together, the required infrastructure covered an area
of 85 hectares, of which 32 are for the installation of
General schematic of the new treatment plant for the city of Bahia de Panama
DRILLING DEEP: TECHNICAL DIRECTOR INTERVIEW
Geological studies conducted in the area where the sewage treatment plant was to be built, revealed that the ground down to a depth of 12 metres was un-
suitable for building. Engineer Colombo Biserna from Italian engineering group, Trevi, was the technical director for the construction of the tunnel access
and three pumping stations. It was decided that the project would use dry pylons 1.2 meters in diameter placed one meter apart. In total 336 pylons were
placed, drilling a total of 9,448.5 meters. The work took place between March and October of 2010. Here Biserna discusses the work:
Q: Can you describe the type of ground that you found suitable for the project?
A: The first thirteen meters were mud, clay and sand, but after the 17th meter and to the 30th we detected sandstone of suitable consistency.
Q.: What type of machinery did you use?
A.: Considering the three month window we had to work in, we used a Soilmec R930, SR 70, R825 and R822 drilling rig. In each one of them we used 1.2 meter ac-
cessories for the fill buckets or to drill the rock or through concrete.
Q.: What were the greatest technical difficulties you encountered?
A.: Maintaining perfect verticality of the pylons and pouring the concrete with 35 Mpa RCS instead of using 15 Mpa as had been planned in the original project.
37
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the sewage treatment plant. In the conceptual design prepared
by Hazen & Sawyer, the technology for secondary treatment of
residual sludge has the goal of leaving the end product with a
maximum of 10 mg/l of total Nitrogen (TN), according to Pana-
manian environmental standards.
THE PROCESS
The main processes of Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) treat-
ment begins with the sieving process, followed by a de-sanding
forced vortex camera to remove sand, gravel, dust and other
solid materials. In the biological treatment phase, the liquid culti-
vates a population of bacteria and other micro-organism found
in the liquid environment. The organic matter is dissolved and
converted in a form that can be processed by the sediment
separator. The aeration system is made up of sprayers with ne
ceramic heads placed at the bottom of the aeration tanks.
Secondary clariers provide a calm area to allow sedimenta-
tion of suspended particles after being processed by the aera-
tion tanks. In the middle of the clarier tanks a pumping station is
located with the following characteristics: a centralised wet trench for
ow control of sludge, return pump, a pump for actives and a pump
for foam.
The wet trench holds the sludge before sending it on to the aera-
tion tanks, while the return pumps for activated mud (RAS in Span-
ish) transports the solids removed from the secondary clarication
located in the aeration tanks. This is in order to maintain the active
biological mass, which is responsible for the biological degradation
which takes place in the tanks.
FINAL DISINFECTION
Excess activated sludge is continually discarded from the system to
maintain a stable level of suspended solids in liquid mix in the aeration
tanks. To comply with Panamanian environmental regulations for re-
sidual water discharge, the Juan Diaz treatment plant will have facili-
ties for chlorination of the efuent before it is discharged into the Bay
of Panama, provid-
ing a nal disinfec-
tion step.
The nal dis-
charge takes
place through 1.6
km of mangrove
swamps and 2.5
km of coastal area
through a 100 me-
ter sprayer located
below low tide
level. In the coastal
areas the pipe is
108 inches in diameter and is supported on the surface by its own
weight in the mud, while the mangrove swamp area runs parallel to
the access road to the port of Juan Diaz.
The Hazen & Sawyer company recommended the implementa-
tion of an anaerobic digestion facility through the use of lye as a sta-
bilising agent, after doing several feasibility studies, for the manage-
ment of sludge at the Juan Diaz treatment plant, due to its low cost
at a lower efciency level.
Odour control is included among the auxiliary processes in the
new treatment system, which is accomplished through pre-treat-
ment. This includes the construction of ducts that remove the air that
builds up inside by maintaining a slightly negative air pressure in the
pre-treatment facility, avoiding the release of foul smelling gases and
permitting them to be adequately ltered before being released into
the atmosphere.
Additionally, activated charcoal absorption units were installed to
ventilate the gases generated by the foam pumping station. WWi
Enquiry No. 109
Construction of sedimentation tanks
Different phases of tank construction: earth moving, implementation of drying and
concrete being poured
Credit: MSCP
Credit: MSCP
38
38
B
razil has a rapidly expanding economy: the country
achieved economic growth of 7.5% in 2010 to be-
come reportedly the fth-largest economy in the world.
GDP grew to R$3,675 billion, largely due to signicant
increases in investment and a government stimulus
package. Despite a predicted ination rate of some 6-7% in 2011,
economic growth this year is expected to be around 4-5%.
Based on industry feedback, the report conservatively estimates
that the environment and water sector will require investment of
around R$20 billion per year, for the foreseeable future. The caveats
are that the investment required is larger than the resources available
from the government and that the legal framework is overburdened.
It also says that the structural delivery framework is in need of sig-
nicant investment and much of the indigenous population is yet to be
convinced of the benets of green approaches, although Brazil has
been an exemplar nation in terms of low carbon initiatives. Potable
water and sewage collection and treatment in Brazil are largely the re-
sponsibility of the state (77%), with the balance of the services provid-
ed by municipalities (15%) and private companies (18% and growing).
Some of the state companies have joint ventures with private
companies, in particular for towns or groups of towns that have in-
adequate services.
DRINKING WATER
The amount of water produced in Brazil as a whole (14.3 billion cubic
metres in 2008) tracks the population of each state to a large degree.
Water loss due to leakage in Brazil is huge. In 2008, it was about
43% and currently it is around 40% although these are conservative
estimates and the real water loss could be higher. The federal govern-
ment plans to cut this gure in half over the next 10 years. The larg-
est reason behind water loss is leakage (typically two-thirds or more),
but additional factors include meter under-registration, unauthorised
consumption, meter reading and water accounting errors. Many small
towns do not install water meters, but rather charge xed fees or al-
locate fees according to housing concentration.
According to the 2008 data, there is a signicant variance in the
percentage of the population that receives piped water between the
different Brazilian states. Two states in particular stand out; less than
40% of the population of Acre and Par receive piped water. An ad-
ditional seven states are in the 40-60% band of population served.
The supply of piped water to rural areas is another problem, al-
though many of them are sparsely populated with inhabitants having
access to untreated surface water from lakes and rivers as well as
ground water boreholes. Some areas also have access to shared
piped water via stand pipes.
Many Brazilian states provide a good proportion of treated piped
water. There are only ve that perform under the 60% treatment
threshold. The aim of the federal government is to ensure that all piped
water is treated as required by health regulations. The poorer perfor-
mance of some Brazilian states is reected in the investment typi-
cally allocated to water services and infrastructure. Historically, these
states have found it difcult to obtain signicant government funding
or attract investment from the private sector. The least investment has
been in Acre, Amap, Maranho, Piau, Rondnia, Roraima and To-
cantins. These are largely states in the in the North and the Northeast.
WASTEWATER
While Brazils delivery of treated potable water is very good, the key
challenge is treating sewage. Sewage sludge is and will continue to
be a problem, as growing levels of sewage are collected for primary
or advanced treatment and disposal without treatment becomes in-
creasingly unacceptable.
Current federal legislation in Brazil outlaws combined sewage, re-
quiring sewage and runoff water to have separate infrastructure and
treatment (note that only sewage is required to be treated). Given
the volume of rainfall in many areas, separate systems make sense,
otherwise sewage treatment works would be completely over-run.
Back to
Basics in
Brazil
Experts suggest up to R$270 billion is required to provide services to over half the
Brazilian population currently lacking access to wastewater treatment. WWi summaries
ndings from the UK Trade & Investment report on environment and water opportunities in
Brazil, including the potential for Membrane Bioreactor technology in So Paulo.
REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS:
INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
Key opportunities will be part of the supply chain to the countrys state, munici-
pal and private companies, either as tier 2 or tier 3 suppliers. These include pro-
viding the technological and management solutions for:
- Industrial sludge & sludge treatment (including AD and MBR)
- Water-quality monitoring and testing
- Water treatment
- Process improvement and innovation
- Advice and education to improve skills
- Methods for re-using waste water
- Grey water capture and use.
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However, combined sewage does in fact occur, either via poor
planning or more typically tapping into the run-off infrastructure, or
the opposite, storm water discharges into the sewers. Since the run-
off water usually discharges into storm drains, river tributaries and
rivers, any sewage entering the system automatically has a similar
and untreated discharge.
A federal secretariat for sanitation, the National Department of En-
vironmental Sanitation (part of the Ministry of the Cities), was created
in 2003 to focus on sanitation challenges. Sanitation Plans (federal,
state and municipal) were expected by the end of 2010 as requested
by the Federal Law 11,445/2007. However, the deadline has been
postponed to 2012. Another issue is the weighty federal taxation
requirements (since 2003) for various taxes (PIS/COFINS/CSLL/IR).
For example, Sabesp paid (in 2009) R$1.26 billion in federal taxes
and at the same time invested R$1.83 billion.
The challenge for the state company, which has been responsible
for approximately 50% of the total Brazilian investment in sanitation,
is that this investment is handicapped by taxes corresponding to
70% of its total.
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
The sector is fairly concentrated. Each Brazilian state has a water
company, a legacy from the 1980s, making 27 state companies in
total. These account for 77% of the countrys water and sanitation
services. The recognised top six state companies in Brazil (SABESP,
SANEPAR, COPASA, CEDAE, CEASB and EMBASA account for al-
most half of the countrys water and sanitation services).
The provision of services is split between municipalities (around
15%) and private companies (18%). The presence of private com-
panies is expanding, albeit gradually. However, some of the state
companies have formed joint ventures with private rms, particularly
where towns or groups of towns have inadequate services. In many
cases, the larger contractors (such as Odebrecht, Galvo, Camargo
Correa and Querios Galvo) have created subsidiaries to operate
area concessions for the state and municipal companies.
The skill set in Brazil is good, but
not of sufcient quantity. There is
a knowledge and technology gap
for sewage treatment in Brazil.
DEVELOPMENTS
In January 2007, a new water and sanitation bill (Law 11.445/07) was
inaugurated in Brazil, outlining relevant federal policy. It was designed
to increase investment in the sector and thus access to water and
sanitation. The law was largely a compromise and failed to address
some key issues and challenges, says the report. At the same time,
the Programme for Accelerated Growth (PAC) was announced, chan-
nelling R$40 billion to the waste sector between 2007 and 2010.
Although meant for broad investment such as sewage treatment,
rainwater drainage, solid waste management and water supply, most
of it was spent on sewage collection and treatment. PAC 2, which is
planned for 2011 to 2014, will invest an additional R$40 billion. None-
theless, industry estimates indicate that, in 2009, 68% of collected
sewage had secondary treatment. Recent research by Atlas Brazil
and the National Water Agency (ANA) estimates that R$90 billion
needs to be invested between now and 2025 to guarantee satisfac-
tory water and sanitation services. This equates to about R$3.6 billion
annual investment in water and sanitation to achieve universal access.
Industry experts, however, believe that a far greater investment in
sanitation (between R$120 billion and R$270 billion) will be required
to provide services to the 53% of the Brazilian population still without
sewage treatment. At the current rate of investment, the country will
take 60 years to achieve the target.
CONCLUSIONS
A key driver for demand will be increasing intervention and policy by the
federal and state governments. The skill set in Brazil is good, but not
of sufcient quantity. There is a perception that there is a knowledge
and technology gap for sewage treatment in Brazil. Sewage sludge
is expected to be a growing problem in the future as more sewage is
collected for primary or advanced treatment.
At present, there is insufcient infrastructure or processes to deal
with the predicted quantity (let alone current quantities). Brazils envi-
ronment and water sector presents vast opportunities. It is fundamen-
tal to understand the market before positioning products and services
for market entry. Opportunities are likely to outweigh risks, particularly
as business contracts in Brazil are often based on trust and acceptabil-
ity, thus negating the need for companies to revert to legal instruments
to resolve cases of dissent or disagreement.WWi

Authors note: Information for this article was taken from the UK Trade
& Investment (UKT&I) report: UK Environment and Water Opportunities in
Brazil. Author of the original report was Jamie Douglas-Watson, manag-
ing consultant from the business consultancy team of URS Scott Wilson.
He was seconded by UKT&I to identify short and medium-term opportu-
nities in Brazils environment and water sector.
Enquiry No 115
CASE STUDY: SO PAULO
CETESB monitors developments in So Paulos water sector, with a minor role per-
formed by the municipal environmental secretary. There are two large man-made
reservoirs to the south of the city - Guarapiranga and Billings. The catchment area
for the reservoirs is the hill range to their south and west , as well as the Pinherios
River (which now flows from north to south a flow that was reversed many years
ago). There is also a west-to-east water main that allows water from the west into
the east reservoir when the water level in Billings is low. Testing has shown there
is no backwash of pollution.
Currently, the ABCD (Santo Andre, Mau, Diademaand and Sao Caetano do Sul)
regions buy water from Sabesp plants and distribute it locally. The state energy
secretariat controls the river flows, including the River Pinheiros. Traditionally, alu-
minium sulphate, or another such coagulants, is put into the water as part of the
treatment as it ionises suspended solids (flocculates) and then enables the solid
suspension to be filtered. However, dispersal of the resultant sludge is a problem.
There are no non-landfill solutions at present. Instead, much is dispersed into the
rivers (and the ocean), as is regularly the case in many other countries.
Activated sludge for treating sewage and industrial wastewater using air and a
biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoans is used in So Paulo and is
becoming increasingly common in Brazils other major cities. However, Membrane
Bioreactors (MBR) is a growing opportunity. In terms of reputation and perception of
technical capability, the UK lags behind the US/Canada (GE), Germany (Koch), Sin-
gapore (Hyflux) and Japan (Kubota), since it has no local membrane manufacturer.

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THE BIGGER PICTURE PROVIDES
THE COMPLETE OVERVIEW
42
42
W
ith a twinkle in her eye, Doa Isadora says: For
us women who still use polleras, we dont really
need a toilet - our skirts let us go wherever we
want to. But for my daughters, who wear pants,
they couldnt just lift up their skirt and go wherever
they wanted to, she says. Some of my neighbors were given a toilet
years ago by some foreigners, but I didnt get one, she continues.
When asked why she didnt build one after she saw the toilets
that her neighbors received, and she wrinkles her nose in disgust,
because they were dirty, they smelled bad, and they were difcult to
keep clean.
Culture, access for everybody, technology and assumptions about
the poor. Here, Doa Isadora, from the Bolivian community of Ichu
Kollo, has hit several of the challenges of the global sanitation crisis
right on the nose. Around the world, 2.6 billion people use riverbeds,
train tracks, plastic bags, or the most rudimentary of outhouses to
take care of their needs. Two million people each year, most of them
children who wont live to see their fth birthday, die from one of the
most preventable illnesses in the world: diarrhea. They die - just like
two of Isadoras children died - because, to put it bluntly, there is no
barrier between human excrement and the water they drink or the
food they eat.
In Bolivia, two thirds of the population, roughly six million people,
lack this sanitary barrier between their waste and their elds, ngers,
or food. Organisations of all shapes and sizes have built thousands of
toilets in Bolivia for the last fty years. Despite these efforts, less than
10% of rural Bolivians have safe, private toilets to take care of their
needs (WHO/UNICEF, 2010). The urban areas appear better in terms
of proportions: one third of urban Bolivians have access to a toilet.
However, in absolute numbers that is still millions of people without
appropriate sanitation services.
Furthermore, despite having access, evaluations in Bolivia show
that all too often toilets are not used as intended in over 50% of the
samples (WSP, 1999; UNICEF, 2006; Water For PeopleBolivia,
2009; WHO/UNICEF, 2010), reinforcing the lesson that we cannot
simply donate or build our way out of the sanitation crisis: a new ap-
proach is needed that puts sustainability at the forefront.
POPULATION GROWTH
The conventional assumption is that the primary reason people dont
have toilets is because they are too poor. Experience from the eld
tells a more nuanced tale of habits, priorities and the power of choice.
What sanitation access statistics often may not tell is that some peo-
ple who prefer to poop in the fresh air may also have a satellite dish
- they simply have other priorities than building a toilet.
District 9 (D-9), a peri-urban area of Cochabamba where Water For
People-Bolivia (WFP-B) is working has growth rates of nearly 10% per
year and an estimated 90% practice open defecation. Giving every-
body a toilet today does nothing for the thousands of people who are
going to move there next year, nor does it ensure that those house-
holds who receive a toilet will actually hygienically use it. Furthermore,
if new neighbors do not happen to receive one of those fancy free
toilets that are given out, chances are they going to the toilet in their
yard. So people are still going to be smelling it, kids might be playing
in it at their house, and it most likely will still make its way into the food
and drink consumed by habitants. Understanding what people want,
and nding ways to provide that at affordable levels, is fundamental
to ensuring that sanitation services are accessed and used forever.
A NEW APPROACH
But all is not poverty and pity in these parts. WFP-B decided to try a
new approach to sanitation in this area since last year involving the
private sector providing sanitation goods and services to the people
who call D-9 home, with some very interesting results. During the rst
year of the program, a single toilet was not built. Some might call that
a failure, if you are measuring success in terms of the classic short-
term indicator of numbers of toilets built, but we think of it as moving
towards a truly sustainable sanitation service; where everybody has
access without having to wait for an NGO or the government.
Through a combination of ethnography and econometrics, we be-
gan to understand the complexities of the current situation of toilet
behaviors and preferences. Of the over 4,000 people interviewed (re-
member, this is in the poorest zone of the city), 80% said they would
Flushing Away
Bolivias Sanitation Crisis
In Bolivia, over 60% of the population lack adequate sanitation. Kate Fogelberg and David
Sparkman provide an honest, yet brutal account of the wastewater challenges facing the
country, including a case study of the peri-urban Cochabamba region and a new
approach to sanitation involving the private sector.
43
self-fund the construction of their toi-
let. This might seem surprising, in that
the default assumption is that people
dont have toilets because they are
too poor. But when one considers
that people build their own homes, lit-
tle by little, without a subsidy, the light
bulb starts to go on. Also fascinating
were the unanticipated factors con-
tributing to the 90% open defecation
rate: aspirations for sewer lines and
to live like they do in the city contrib-
uted to nothing other than a ve star
bathroom making its way onto peo-
ples priority lists. People preferred to
continue open defecating or using
very rudimentary toilets than invest
in anything less than a ceramic-tiled,
ush-toilet bathroom.
FILLING A GAP: WATERLESS TOILETS
Characteristic of many sprawling, unplanned areas encircling cities
around the world, peri-urban Cochabamba does not have piped wa-
ter services. Rather, trucks bring water from a variety of sources and
sell it at prices double than what these folks richer neighbors with
household connections pay thirty minutes away in the city center.
Water is extremely scarce, expensive, and people are careful not
to waste a drop. To complicate matters, soil has high concentrations
of clay, making pit latrines unattractive as the wastes dont permeate
through the clay soil. So with the challenges of soil impermeability, no
water with which to ush your wastes away, and no pipes to carry that
waste out of sight and out of mind, progress with building a sanitation
solution can easily stall. Another option was clearly needed.
Results from the market analysis seemed to indicate that a smartly
designed, non-water using, composting toilet could be lling a gap in
the current market in District 9. People associated bricks with prog-
ress; nobody wanted to invest money in a simple pit toilet. If they
were going to part with hard-earned cash, it had to be for something
high-quality, something that could increase the value of their home,
or their social standing.
Throughout the peri-urban areas, WFP-B worked with local ma-
sons to build 10 elevated twin-pit composting toilets. Families paid
anywhere from $400 to over $1000 to have the toilet of their dreams,
complete with shower and washing station in some cases.
FINANCIAL ALTERNATIVES TO ALLEVIATE
MARKET CONSTRAINTS
Concurrent with introducing a new toilet product, (WFP-B) facilitated
innovative ways to pay for it:
Loan: For interested families that qualify, WFP-B partnered with
Habitat for Humanity to encourage them to offer loans for three
different toilet models. Despite some successes, these loans do
require several guarantees, including land titles, which has been
difcult for families to provide and will need to be addressed if
more households are to access this option
A local One-Stop Shop and Self-build Options: Many families
are in the process of building homes and already have some of
the materials available to build a toilet. In this case, if a family is
interested in building a toilet, they can call a small local business
SISE (Servicio Integral de Saneamiento Ecologico), who will sell
them the rest of the materials and provide technical assistance
while the family builds the toilet. SISE is aiming to ll a gap in
the market by providing a one-stop sanitation shop, whereby
households can access affordable sanitation products, designs,
nancial options, and technical support. In the self-build model,
the family pays half of the money up front and the remainder when
the toilet is nished.
SMARTER SUBSIDIES
Designing solutions for what people can afford, instead of designing
solutions based on a charitys budget is one step towards a sustain-
able sanitation service that can function without an NGO.
Examples of smarter subsidies include:
Supporting a market analysis to understand the consumer and
the current options available
Funding innovations to make technology appropriate (such as
the waterless latrine), bring down materials costs and improve the
sanitation supply chain
Promoting sanitation through creative radio, art, and athletic cam-
paigns.
People associate bricks with
progress; nobody wants to invest
money in a simple pit toilet. If they
are going to part with hard-earned
cash, it has to be high-quality to
help increase the value of their
home or social standing
Projects focused on toilet construction are never going to solve the
sanitation crisis, precisely because with sanitation its not sufcient to
build enough toilets for a given population today. Communities grow,
some very quickly. We dene sustainable sanitation as the process of
providing everybody with a toilet of their choice and associated toilet
services (emptying, maintaining, upgrading) - forever.
A lofty goal, for sure, but one that sets in motion very different
types of programs than a goal to give one community a certain num-
ber of toilets at one point in time. It implies working in a way that local
systems - nancial services, construction, ongoing maintenance-
function without the not-so invisible hand of an NGO and unsus-
tainable sanitation subsidies. More importantly, it aims to ensure that
Doa Isadora, her children and grandchildren, and all of their neigh-
bors present and future, have a toilet they are happy to use, proud
to own and provides that all important, sustainable barrier between
them and water-borne diseases such as diarrhea. WWi
Authors note: Kate Fogelberg is the regional manager, South Amer-
ica and David Sparkman is the program analyst-sustainable sanitation
at Water for People, an international, non-prot humanitarian organi-
sation. They can both be contacted at: dsparkman@waterforpeople.
org and kfogelberg@waterforpeople.org.
Enquiry No 114
44
Desalination
44
T
here has been a dramatic evolution in the application of
membranes in water and wastewater treatment during
the last 30 years. The early 1980s saw the introduction
of the thin lm composite (TFC) membrane for reverse
osmosis (RO). This was followed a few years later by
developments in ultraltration (UF) and microltration (MF) that en-
able these membranes to be applied for large scale drinking water
treatment.
The membrane research community expected nanoltration (NF)
to undergo similar radical change. The need for this technology ap-
peared to be as compelling as for the other membranes. However,
the very success of rst RO, then of UF/MF drew attention away from
the potential opportunity for NF.
Figure 1 shows the ltration spectrum for ltration technologies
in the water industry. RO removes dissolved salts, while UF and
MF remove ne particles. However, the critical application of the
removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is not well addressed.
UF/MF does not remove dissolved organics unless combined with
coagulation. Even then, removal efciency is not that high and any
specic target molecules are likely to require further treatment to
meet water quality targets.
RO membranes are ne enough to retain organics. However, the
energy cost of RO is high due to the simultaneous retention of salt.
This gives RO high operating costs since water transport across
the membrane has to overcome the osmotic pressure as salinity in-
creases on the concentrate side. Unless salt removal is the primary
goal - one example would be for a seawater feed or a brackish water
source - then RO is likely to be too energy intensive for general water
treatment purposes.
NF offers the promise of removing organics without a signicant
reduction of ionic species, thereby meeting important water quality
targets that are developing in the water industry.
DRIVERS
In broad terms, the driver for RO has been the need to develop alter-
native water supplies by removing a wide range of contaminants from
impaired water sources. In contrast, the primary driver for UF/MF has
been to meet newly introduced drinking water quality legislation.
There has been a need for additional water resources in arid areas
such as the Middle East for some decades. More recently, this pres-
sure has increased due to a gradual coastal migration, with popula-
tions tending to move towards warmer drier climates often near the
coast. Seawater desalination using RO has been a primary solution
to this requirement and the market has been growing at a compound
growth rate of 17% pa for more than a decade [1].
Drivers for UF/MF have been developed to provide a disinfection
barrier. The targets have focused on the removal of small particles
including viruses, bacteria and protozoan parasites such as crypto-
sporidium and giardia [2].
However, for several years there has been an increasing concern
with dissolved organics such as pesticides, agricultural residuals and
pharmaceuticals. So far legislation has not been systematically intro-
duced to address these contaminants but the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) in the U.S. and the European Union have under-
taken comprehensive reviews of the problem and potential solutions.
Currently, ozone is used in an Advanced Oxidation Process
(AOP), potentially in combination with granular activated Carbon
(GAC), to reduce pesticides. Also, UV can be used. However, the
target molecules are now smaller and more stable than the original
compounds of interest making the challenge for destruction and/or
removal even greater.
HISTORICAL REVIEW AND CURRENT STATUS OF NF
In the early days of RO development, Quality Control (QC) failures
were sold at reduced prices and in some cases these elements were
referred to as NF. This did a great disservice to NF from which it has
taken years to recover. These QC rejects from RO did not perform
at all like NF is supposed to, since monovalent salt rejection was far
too high.
Specic products were developed for NF in the 1990s based
on an open TCF membrane in a spiral wound element like RO.
These products have been very successfully employed in the
oil and gas sector. The application here is for the rejection of
divalent ions, particularly barium and sulphate, from injection
water for offshore oil wells. The fact that monovalent ion rejec-
tion with these membranes was also quite high did not matter
in this application.
The important targets of divalent ion removal needed to be
achieved with high efciency. By 2000, NF spiral development
received a boost with the introduction of products designed to
remove organics without reducing the inorganic ion concentra-
Nifty Nano ltration
New Developments Show Promise
It has taken years for nanoltration membranes to shake off negative connotations from
the days when they were misnamed as failed reverse osmosis technology. Dr Graeme K
Pearce discusses the latest technology developments and installations, including ceramic
membranes varying from single hollow bers to multi-bore monoliths.
Figure 1: The Filtration Spectrum for Membranes in Water Treatment
Pore size (m) 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Approx equiv
MWDO (kDa) 2-5 100 500-1000
Relative size Salts Pyrogens
of common Metal ions Sugars Virus Bacteria Yeast cells Sand
material DOC Colloidal silica
Membrane RO Process UF UF MBR Nominal Cartridge
Technology NF MF
MF
WW Sterilizing cartridge
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permeable than its conventional counterparts, while still maintaining
best-in-class salt rejection.
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- F!FtP JtF7 !1F Bt1!FtA At1 PtJt1!0F
- tt 9P!Y!F PPtFPt
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- tAY 10 Pt1P0J!1 !F10 t7!1!F P0 PtAF1
46
Desalination
tion too much. Some of these products used the original TFC
chemistry while others use different polymers, such as cellulose
acetate and polyethersulfone. They have been quite widely ap-
plied in the North American municipal water industry in Florida,
the Pacic coast and Canada for the removal of compounds re-
sponsible for colour. They have also been used outside America
in Scotland and Scandinavia.
A critical issue for water treatment is energy cost and this is be-
coming more important with the development of alternative sources.
Energy costs of traditional fresh water sources are generally very low.
At the opposite end of the spectrum, the energy cost of desalination
is up to ten times as high and can only be justied on energy terms
where the alternative is to transfer the water from far away, as can be
seen in the State Water Project in California.
Wastewater offers promise as a lower cost resource but this too
is fairly energy intensive due to aeration requirements. Current NF
spirals use less energy than wastewater reuse schemes but are sig-
nicantly
NF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS
The problem with spirals is that they require excellent feed quality to
avoid fouling. Thus the NF stage is effectively added on to existing
treatment. A new range of NF products target the removal of organic
molecules but minimise the rejection of inorganics. By doing so, they
Figure 2: Hollow Fibre NF
offer the promise of lower pressure operation. However, high organic
rejection means that it is important that the membrane is low foul-
ing since at high recovery, the concentration of organics in the feed
stream will rise sharply. Another feature of these new product devel-
opments is that they do not use a spiral format, thereby reducing the
need for pre-treatment.
The rst NF product reviewed here has been launched recently
from Pentair-Xow (formerly Norit) and is based on a hollow bre for-
mat. This product is based on the same PES bre used for UF but
with a molecular weight cut-off < 1.8 kDa, providing a rejection of
75% UV 254 organic compounds. The product is commercially avail-
able and is being used on demonstration scale. The great advantage
of hollow bre compared to spiral wound is the elimination of any
signicant pre-treatment, as solids introduced into the feed channel
during the ltration cycle are efciently displaced during backwash
or ushing.
A different approach has been taken by DXV, a new start up in the
US. The rms product is based on a low fouling at sheet format. The
module does not use a spacer between the sheets and relies on cross
ow circulation to keep the channels clean. DXV has reached the stage
of pilot operation and has focused on wastewater polishing using a
single membrane treatment stage, with infrequent chemical cleaning.
Pilots have shown that the chemical cleaning requirement for the RO
stage can potentially be eliminated or at least signicantly reduced.
Another U.S. start up with an interesting NF membrane tech-
nology is Clean Membranes Inc. This early stage start up is com-
mercialising technology developed at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). The grafted co-polymer membrane is a modied highly
hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane which can be produced
at pore sizes from NF to ne UF.
The nal company in this brief review is the German company ItN,
which is commercialising a range of ceramic membranes, as shown
in gure 3. The products vary from singe hollow bres to multi-bore
monoliths. A wide range of pore size cut-offs is claimed extending
down to the NF part of the spectrum, which is unusual among com-
mercial ceramic products. ItN recently announced a commercial in-
stallation in Saudi Arabia pre-treating a highly brackish well water in
place of conventional or UF/MF pre-treatment. The NF pre-treatment
is claimed to allow 20% higher RO throughput.
MOVING FORWARD
Nanoltration has been an overlooked technology in the membrane
separations spectrum. NF spirals have been introduced into water
and wastewater applications for some time but they are dependent
on extensive pre-treatment. Existing NF products targeting organic
molecule removal also tend to remove salts making energy use high.
These products promise improved energy efciency since they all
feature low fouling membranes with limited salt rejection. Equally im-
portant, they use module formats that do not require pre-treatment.
WWi
REFERENCES
[1] T Pankratz, SWRO market exceeds Forecast, Water Desalina-
tion Report, Vol 44/ no. 22, 21st June 2008, p1
[2] G K Pearce, UF/MF Membrane Water Treatment, publ Water
Treatment Academy, Thailand, in press, Jul 2011
[3] C Ventresque et al, An outstanding feat of modem technol-
ogy: the Mery-sur-Oise Nanoltration Treatment Plant (340,000
ml/d), Desalination 13 1 (2000) 1-16
[4] G K Pearce, UF/MF pre-treatment to RO in Seawater and
Wastewater Reuse Applications: A Comparison of Energy
Costs, Desalination, 222 (2008) 66-73
[5] Import or Desalinate, Water Desalination Report, p2-3, 25th
June 2007
Authors note: Dr Graeme K Pearce is a membrane technologies
specialist with 25 years experience in the industry. He is principal at
Membrane Consultancy Associates. Email: graemekpearce@btinter-
net.com
Enquiry No. 113
Hollow Fibre Bundle
Potting
(seal)
Seal bundle in housing
Hollow
fibres
Housing (shell)
Figure 3: ItN Ceramic Membranes
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48
Aeration
48
W
ater and energy efciency are intrinsically linked.
Large quantities of electricity are required to shift
water from source to tap and water is used to
create electricity. Its relationship that unfortunately
comes at a price. Estimates suggest that approxi-
mately 80% of municipal water and wastewater processing and dis-
tribution costs are for electricity.
You only have to look at the U.S., where drinking water and waste-
water systems, according to the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), account for 3% to 4% of national energy consumption. Ap-
proximately 56 billion kilowatt hours are used by the industry in the
continent alone.
Population growth and tightening drinking water regulations mean
that utilities could be paying out even more as operating costs in-
crease steadily. In
times of austerity, this
is a major concern for
companies globally
and more so for the
individuals that con-
trol their budgets.
With the EPA say-
ing that potential sav-
ings of 15% to 30%
are readily available
in water and waste-
water plants, the race
is on to increase the
energy efciency of
products. After all,
this has now become
a key prerequisite for
customers.
The nger of
blame has often been
pointed at aeration
technology, com-
monly criticised for
representing a large
proportion of electric-
ity costs in wastewa-
ter treatment plants.
But new technolo-
gies are frequently
being developed.
As an example,
last years June-July
issue of Water &
Wastewater Interna-
tional magazine de-
tailed what the arrival of
screw technology would
mean for rotary lobe de-
signs.
A test witnessed by
the German Technical
Monitoring Association
(Technische berwac-
hungs-Verein) pitted the
Atlas Copco ZS screw
blower against a tri-lobe
blower, in a performance
test. The result showed
the ZS screw blower was
23.8% more energy ef-
cient at 0.5 bar (e)/7 psig, and 39.7% at 0.9 bar (e)/13 psig.
FUNDING THE BLADE
This year saw the UKs Carbon Trust granting 390,000 to start
up company Lontra to help develop its Blade Compressor, which
it claims could reduce energy spend on wastewater aeration by
20%. This, the company says, could help lead to a payback in as
little as 18 months, within a ve year AMP cycle, as seen in the
UK. As the cost of electricity for aeration can constitute 30% of the
operating costs for wastewater treatment, this is understandably
attractive.
Furthermore, UK water and wastewater company Severn Trent
has partnered with Lontra to provide a test site in Worcester for a
pre-production prototype. The test programme is currently dem-
onstrating the efciency of the technology at pressures of up to 3
bar and at speeds up to 5000 rpm. Lab testing will be conducted
up until Autumn 2011 and site testing until Spring 2012.
The trial has also established reasons for more energy efcient
aeration in the UK:
Energy efciency and a drive to reduce costs
Cap-ex constraints within ve year regulatory AMP periods, re-
quiring short payback
Changing requirements, for example as space pressures increase
the need to change designs of aeration tanks
Diverse and expensive compressor maintenance schedules and
parts stores across widespread sites
Regulatory inuences, in particular noise regulations but also gen-
eral pressure on the water companies in the UK for increased
innovation and reduced carbon footprint.
SWEDISH/SCOTTISH AERATION PARTNERSHIP
Elsewhere, Swedish aeration rm Sorubin has partnered with Scot-
tish Water in the UK to conduct an operational performance test of
the companys Microluft wastewater aerators, also touted to help im-
prove energy efciency by 20%.
Blade of Glory
With aeration accounting for up to 30% of a wastewater plants operating costs, the race
is on to nd new and improved solutions. WWi looks at how a new Blade Compressor
design, being trialled with Severn Trent Water, could reduce energy spend by 20% and a
trial of Swedish technology in the UK could help a major utility save 4.7 million.
Blade process design and operation
According to Lontra, the design,
common to the compressor, su-
percharger, expander and en-
gine, is novel positive displace-
ment geometry. The basic unit
uses a ring shaped chamber with
a continually open inlet port and
an outlet port valved by the action
of the rotor.
The principal components are
a blade ring, which rotates and
rotating disc. The blade cuts
through the disc.
The compression chamber is
formed as the blade, rotating in
the housing, works against the
disc. The blade passes through
the disc and is double acting,
drawing gas in behind the com-
pressing head. The compressed
gas then exits through a port in
the housing.
Product design allows for a vari-
able flow device where the intake
area, and pumped capacity and
compression ratio, can be con-
trolled through a sliding port.
The 1800 m
3
/hour Blade Com-
pressor is a 35kW unit, produc-
ing 0.5 bar Gauge and a flow rate
of 30Am
3
per minute at 3000 rpm.
The Blade Compressor test programme is demon-
strating the technology at speeds up to 5000 rpm
49
Aeration
The trial started in February this year and will last until August. An
oxygen transfer test will be carried out by the rm, which consists
of measuring the energy needed to fully oxygenate a body of clean
water with Microluft.
This technology uses a bottom mounted aerator. As can be seen
from the diagram (right), it works by generating a vortex in a tube
that has contact with the atmospheric air, a pillar of air reaches all the
way down to the bottom of the tube. Here, a special impeller sucks
in a mix of air and water and puts it under very high pressure. Very
small bubbles are dispersed from the aerator as a result. And it is the
size of the bubbles which Sorubin says is fundamental to improving
energy efciency.
It says that the longer it takes for a bubble to rise through the
water, the more time it will have to release oxygen. Naturally, as small
bubbles rise more slowly than large bubbles, it is better to create
small bubbles since they elevate slowly. Generating bubbles as deep
down as possible is also important, the rm adds, as it allows them
to travel upwards for as long as possible.
The most energy effective aeration technology is the one that
does nothing but creating small bubbles, deep down with the least
energy input, Sorubin says.
It is hoped that following the trial, Sorubins technology will be
retrotted to a wastewater facility in Dalderse. With aeration already
said to be costing Scottish Water 7 million per year, its clear that
nancial savings through more efcient technology couldnt come
soon enough. According to the Swedish rm, if its aerators are fully
employed across the companys sites, a saving of around 4.7 mil-
lion could be made.

CONCLUSION
Statistics about the heavy energy consumption of aeration technolo-
gies are not new and manufacturers have been attempting to im-
prove their products for years. What is new is how air is being gener-
ated for wastewater treatment. The industry will be eagerly awaiting
the results from the Severn Trent Water and Scottish Water trials to
see these new technologies being proven. And if they can deliver
energy savings of 20%, across numerous facilities under a municipal-
itys control, then this cant be a bad thing. WWi
Enquiry No 112
Environmental
Dynamics
International
join
E-12
BOOTH
www.wastewater.com
Jul 4-8
2011
CC-GRP Pipe Systems
High performance solutions for our planet
Sewage
Potable Water
Raw Water & Irrigation
Drainage
Hydro Power
Thermal Power Cooling
Industrial Wastewater
E Engineering GmbH
Pischeldorfer Str. 128
9020 Klagenfurt | Austria
T +43.463.48 24 24
F +43.463.48 21 21
info@hobas.com
www.hobas.com
Air
Water
Sorubin says very small bubbles, which rise more slowly than larger
bubbles, are more effective at releasing oxygen
50
Water Well Development
50
P
olluted and contaminated water is
an ever-increasing global challenge
that is growing to dire proportions.
As urban populations increase
from a current 3.4 billion to a pro-
jected six billion over the next 40 years pro-
viding clean, safe water will only become more
complex as most cities currently lack adequate
wastewater management due to aging, absent
or inadequate sewage infrastructure. Further-
more, clean and safe water is a scarce resource
in rural or developing countries where 90% of
wastewater that is discharged daily is untreated.
Often this is because its not possible to connect
existing wells to a central ltration device. But
with every challenge lies a solution. In such situa-
tions, residents can be supplied in these environ-
ments with a water ltration system that could be
retrotted to old, existing or new wells, cisterns,
tanker trucks or almost any source of fresh water.
One example is the UF-P2 prototype, designed by Culligan,
which was put into action sooner than expected. Through a part-
nership with international relief organisation, Convoy of Hope, the
systems were pressed into service to provide long-term support to
Haitian recovery efforts in the wake of two devastating earthquakes
in January 2010.
URGENT WATER NEEDS
Haiti and its people are no strangers to natural disasters. In 2008
alone, four separate hurricanes or tropical storms swept through
the country. But on January 12, 2010, Haiti suffered its most severe
tragedy when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hit just 10 miles west of
Port-au-Prince. The quake sent 33 aftershocks ranging in magnitude
from 4.2 to 5.9 throughout the country and left three million in need of
emergency aid in its wake.
Despite thousands of bottles of water being shipped to earth-
quake survivors, water became even more important in the aftermath
of the quake as many Haitians remained outdoors, exposed to the
heat and sun, for fear of structures collapsing from aftershocks. It
soon became apparent that the country was in need of a longer-term
solution for clean, safe water to support rebuilding and recovery ef-
forts. Although still in the prototype phase, the UF-P2 systems were
shipped from Culligans commercial
assembly operations in Vernon,
Hills, IL to Convoy of Hopes stag-
ing center in Springeld, MO. From
there, three units were air freighted
into Haiti, originally destined for the
Port-au-Prince aireld. However, conditions at the airport caused the
ights to be diverted to the Dominican Republic.
The systems were transported by truck across the Dominican
Republic into Haiti on unpaved, treacherous roads to the Mission of
Hope in Titayen, a volunteer village/clinic/school in Bon Repo and
the Quisqueya Chapel in Port-au-Prince. The systems were set up
immediately and starting ltering water on the same day. Samples
taken upon startup veried that the water had no detectable bacteria
and contained the appropriate level of residual chlorine.
OPERATION AND FILTRATION DETAILS
So how does the system work? A built-in pump can draw in water
from local sources, including a lake, river or shallow well, using a com-
bination of ultraltration membranes and carbon ltration to clean the
water and improve its taste. The UF-P2s pump can draw in water from
storage tanks and surface water supplies such as rivers or lakes
and from up to ten feet below ground. The system also uses chlorine to
inhibit bacteria and microbiological contamination at the ltration site.
Smart Well Technology
for Disaster Response
Emergency situations require emergency solutions. When the 7.0 mag-
nitude earthquake struck Haiti there was an urgent need for long-term,
clean water supplies. This article looks at how a prototype industrial
water purication system using ultraltration membranes and automat-
ic chlorination technology helped provide fresh water supply.
Systems set up immediately
Units are capable of processing 12,000 to
24,000 gallons of water a day and storage
tanks hold and dispense 250 gallons
A built in pump can draw in water from
local sources, including shallow wells
51
Water Well Development
Automatic chlorination provides some residual disinfectant for cas-
es where the treated water may be exposed to dirty or contaminated
storage containers before use. The UF-P2 adds a chlorine residual
to the treated water after it passes through the
ultraltration membranes and before the water is
pumped into the 250 gallons storage tank. This
residual is particularly important in emergency wa-
ter conditions where water recipients sometimes
attempt to transport clean water in dirty contain-
ers; the residual helps to minimise contamina-
tion within the containers. Also, ultraltration mem-
branes are ideal for emergency situations as they
only need brief periods of backwashing, wasting
very little of the available water supply.
The units are capable of processing approxi-
mately 12,000 to 24,000 gallons of water a day
and include a water storage tank that holds and
dispenses 250 gallons of water. Water quality
and system performance can be monitored via
a cellular phone connection to eliminate the need
for a skilled operator on-site.
MAINTAINING A MEASURABLE, HEALTHY
WATER SUPPLY
The UF-P2 systems helped to supply 600-800
gallons of water every three days, with medical
staff at the orphanage using water to clean medi-
cal supplies, and at the Quisqueya Chapel, 250-
300 people benet from clean residential potable
water per day.
The water provided by each system is
checked once per week for residual chlorine and
microbiological contamination, says Paul Coro-
leuski, eld director disaster response, Convoy
of Hope. But, overall, the operator maintenance
required to ensure clean, safe water is being de-
livered is very minimal. In fact, even on the type of
water we are treating, we expect that the lters will
only need to be replaced every six to 12 months.
A detailed laboratory analysis of water pro-
duced three months after in initial installation
showed the water quality was nearly identical to
the water produced on day one and the system
ow rate is around 94% of the rate when the units
were rst installed.
Convoy of Hope planned to continue deliv-
ering clean, high quality water at all three of the
UF-P2 installation sites through the rst quarter of
2011. Specically, the unit installed at the Quisqu-
eya Chapel will continue to provide residential po-
table water, while the other two units will support
daily operations at the Mission of Hope in Titayen
and the volunteer site in Bon Repo.
LESSONS LEARNED
Following the results in Haiti, Culligan says it is planning a few minor
modications to improve the suitability of the systems for emergen-
cy response efforts. Planned improvements include smaller, lighter,
two-part design for easy transport, including jugs or containers to
transport water, and the ability to run the system using solar power.
Requests have also been received following Haiti from International
Licensees in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Ecuador for
similar smart well technology applications. WWi
Enquiry No. 110
SR18 first peristaltic pump with QuiXchange System
Change within seconds
Gardner Denver
Thomas GmbH
Benzstrae 28
D-82178 Puchheim
Fon: +49 89 80900-0
Fax: +49 89 808368
www.gd-thomas.com
0 3 l/h flow rate
(adjustable with sequencer)
Long lifetime by
means of spring loaded roller carrier
countered motor bearing shaft
Various mounting possibilities
(bulkhead or bracket mounting)
QuiXchange System:
change within seconds
without tooling
Culligan and the
Convoy of Hope team,
which helped deploy
the equipment after
the earthquake
52
Flow Level Measurement
52
A
ccording to the Australian Government National Wa-
ter Commission, mining activities in Australia account
for 4% of the countrys total water consumption. This
compares to agriculture (50%), household (12%) and
manufacturing (5%). While 4% may seem minute com-
pared to the usage of the agricultural sector, this still equates to 508
gigalitres, the equivalent of 254,000 Olympic swimming pools.
Access to a reliable source of water is an essential requirement for
coal mines. Even those mines that do not wash their product through
a preparation plant need signicant quantities for dust management,
drilling, human consumption and numerous other uses. And coal
cleaning uses a considerable amount of water. Its cleaned to improve
its combustability, which reduces CO2 emissions and to ensure that it
is suitable for steel making.
A report from the Australian National University and Department
of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
highlighted the direct nancial consequences of poor operational wa-
ter management for the coal industry. Running out of water can cost
money in lost production: if water is poorly managed, product quality
can be compromised. In the long run, if companies do not have a
good record of ensuring water quality, then they may not receive ap-
proval to open new mines.
Improving Water Ef ciencies
Down Under
Coal mining operations in Australia require huge
quantities of water, extracted from groundwater,
rivers and dams, to help prepare products for
market. Remote monitoring is essential. A look at
why battery powered meters were selected
instead of mechanical alternatives in one project.
Circle No. 32 on Reader Service Card
Organised by
Part of
Supported by
53
Flow Level Measurement
One of Australias largest exporters of seaborne metallurgical
coal operates coal mines in Central Queensland. These mines are
supplied by fresh water extracted from boreelds, rivers and dams.
It owns and operates hundreds of kilometers of pipelines, through
which it moves thousands of litres of fresh water per year to its own
and competitors operations and to local mining communities.
The monitoring of water use to support mining operations in re-
mote areas represents a signicant challenge to all mineral compa-
nies operating in Australia. Often the infrastructure and management
systems provided by the company are also used to supply local
communities and rural industries. Furthermore, the report highlighted
earlier states that a good mine water management system should
include a site-specic strategic water plan based on the following
goals: maintain salinity level in coal washing to ensure product quality
is not compromised (~2500ppm); adopt leading practices for water
use productivity (ML/Mt) in coal preparation and underground mining,
minimise discharge of used water; maintain coal washing salinity level
to ensure otation benet (~5000 ppm) and nally that there should
be no loss of production due to inability to supply t-for-purpose wa-
ter.
It is the latter which presents opportunities to the international wa-
ter sector. Measurement and balancing of water ows can allow in-
vestigation and analysis into water management and substitutions. An
essential pre-requisite to gaining better understanding of water con-
sumption is a more comprehensive water ow monitoring network.
Krohne Australia recently supplied 26 WATERFLUX 3070 C battery
operated stand-alone water meters to help with this challenge. The
electromagnetic meters were chosen to help provide a reliable solution
for the mine sites and communities remote water monitoring needs.
The supplied meters ow sensor design includes a rectangular
cross-section, which the manufacturer says allows for a signicant
reduction of magnetic eld excitation. Coils are arranged so that a
strong, homogeneous magnetic eld is formed.
This, adds Krohne, ensures the measurement is independent of
the ow prole and measurements are very stable. Results include
good low ow performance and operation without inlet and outlet
runs. An optional data logger and GSM module allows for remote
meter reading and wireless transmission of measurement data and
status information. WWi Enquiry No. 220
Tithout the proper oxyuen supply, the prospects lor bodies ol Water are nornally bleak. But a subnerued aerator lron Jsuruni
can easily clarily the situation. Peuardless ol Whether lor biolouical WasteWater treatnent in a puriLcation plant, a pond in a park
or an aninal basin in a zoo - the subnerued aerator draWs in lresh air autononously, supplyinu basins or bodies ol Water With
oxyuen. And the lact that a loud conpressor is noW a thinu ol the past is sure to nake everyone's spirits briuhter.
keceive the latest Isurumi information here: Iel. 49 0 211 4179373, sales6tsurumi.eu, fax 49 0 211 4791429, www.tsurumi.eu
( ) ( )
Sell-prininu subnerued aerator JPu
Hotor capacity 0.75 - 0 kT
Air Input: 7 - 10 n / h
Sell-prininu installation up to n basin
depth, or even deeper With conpressor
Stable cast iron construction, parts under
ureater stress nade ol stainless steel
Patented 0il Iilter lor perlect shalt
lubrication
Increased service lile throuuh Air Seal-
principle and double nechanical seal
0versized 0il Chanber
8trong like an animal:
submerged aerator Irom Jsurumi.
Circle No. 33 on Reader Service Card
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
Battery operated, stand alone water meter; Battery life up to 15
years. Manufacturer says excellent performance in low flow con-
ditions and over wide flow range
Easy installation, no inlet and outlet runs, no filters and bi-directional
flow
Subsoil installation (IP68 + additional protective coating), Installa-
tion in chambers is not required)
Maintenance-free operation, no moving parts, no wear and obstruc-
tion free
Optional, battery powered data logger/GSM module for remote data
transfer.
International Show Preview: IDA World Congress
54
Australia is helping to change the worldwide perception of desalination. Water security threats
from climate change and uncertain water availability are key drivers. Neil Palmer addresses the
latest developments to the countrys desalination capacity, including renewable energy power.
D
esalination has come of age in Australia. The level of in-
vestment in desalination technology in the arid nation in
just six years has been astonishing. By the end of 2012,
Australia will have its sixth large-scale seawater desalina-
tion plant operational in as many years, supplying water
to all mainland state capital cities with between 10 to 40% of their public
water needs.
More plants for both urban and industrial supply are in planning stages,
and millions of dollars are simultaneously being poured into research and
development innovation by government, industry and private enterprise.
Australia is the worlds driest inhabited continent and the continued
effects of cyclical droughts and climate change mean its growing popula-
tion of 22 million (expected to grow 50% by 2050) generally requires up
to ve times the water storage of an equivalent population in the United
Kingdom to secure reliable supply.
A combination of drought, climate change, advances in reverse os-
mosis technology, reduced unit cost and population growth has resulted
in an anticipated increase in desalinated water over 10 years between
2005-2015 from less than 100 ML/d to more than 1800 ML/d.
Australias rst plant came into service in November 2006 - the en-
vironmentally pioneering Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Western
Australia, with a capacity of 145 ML/d.
Since then, a further ve large seawater desalination plants have been
created along the coastline with the largest at Wonthaggi, just outside
Melbourne, at 450 ML/d capacity nearing completion. By 2015, these
will be capable of providing up to 30% of Perths drinking water needs,
10% of Brisbanes, 15% of Melbournes, 10% of Sydneys and 40% of
Adelaides from the plentiful sea resource.
The Federal and Western Australian governments recognised the need
to fast-track innovation, energy efciency and cost savings in desalination
technologies and in 2009 established the National Centre of Excellence
in Desalination Australia (NCEDA), based at Murdoch University in Perth.
NCEDA has been allocated $A20 million over ve years for research from
the Federal Governments Urban Water and Desalination Plan.
State by state, its evident that the rapid development of desalination
capability and innovation in Australia will continue conrming its place as
a prime mover on the world stage.
EXPANSION IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, (PSDP) located at Kwinana on
the Cockburn Sound in WA could be regarded as a world-leading model
for future sustainable seawater desalination plants. At the time of its con-
struction (2005-6), the A$387 million plant was the largest in the Southern
Hemisphere, and Australias rst large scale seawater desalination facility.
Its capacity makes it the current biggest single water source feeding
into the metropolitan city of Perth, providing 17% of public water needs.
The plant was built by Multiplex-Degremont Joint Venture, in alliance with
the Water Corporation, and is being operated for 25 years by a Degre-
mont/Water Corporation alliance. An associated 82 MW wind farm north
of Perth injects over 272 GWhr per year into the grid from which Water
Corporation purchases 185 GWhr, enough to offset all energy used by
the desalination plant. This is therefore the worlds largest desalination
plant powered effectively from renewable energy.
Such energy with low specic energy consumption is achieved from
the plants efcient design, incorporating isobaric energy recovery de-
vices. This ensures that its the worlds greenest plant. Taking this into
account and considering its small physical footprint, the Kwinana plant is
considered one of the most sustainable water sources in Australia.
Its success has led Perth authorities to build a second plant. The
Southern Seawater Desalination Plant, producing 150 ML/d from the
ocean south of Perth at Binningup... [CONTINUES OF PAGE 60]
Desalination Comes of Age
Across Arid Australia
Melbourne Desalination Plant: Artists impression showing extensive
landscaping earthworks to minimise aesthetic impact
55
F
ounded 40 years ago, Cadagua is a pioneer and leading
company in the eld of the engineering and construction of
water treatment and reverse osmosis seawater desalination
plants. A subsidiary of Ferrovial, one of the worlds largest
private investor in transportation infrastructures, Cadagua
is an EPC contractor specialising in turn-key contracts, operation and
maintenance and BOOTs in the following product lines:
Desalination: seawater/brackish water RO desalination. Over 1,000,000
m
3
/d desalinated water installed capacity
Water treatment: sewage, reuse, drinking water
Industrial water: wastewater, make-up, process and cooling
Sludge thermal drying.
Company services include everything from the design to the nancing and op-
eration of a water treatment plant:
- Characterisation studies (laboratory/pilot plant)
- Process selection and basic design
- Detail engineering
- Equipment and material procurement
- Quality control and inspections
- Erection, eld installation
- Start-up and Commissioning
- O&M staff training
- O&M services
- Financing of the project.
Cadagua has successfully accom-
plished the design and construction
of more than 200 water treatment
plants (drinking, wastewater plants
and desalination installations) and
more than 140 facilities in the indus-
trial eld, amounting to a total treat-
ment capacity of over 15,000,000
m
3
/d. Regarding operation and main-
tenance, company contracts service 21,000,000 equivalent population. These
gures position the company at the head of Spanish enterprises in the eld.
Cadaguas growth is based on sustainable solutions that deliver the highest
possible lifecycle value of the installations, minimum investment and lowest op-
eration and maintenance cost. Cadagua has been awarded Distinction in the
Water Company of the Year 2010 category by the Global Water Awards. The
company was recognised for making the most signicant contribution to the
development of the international water sector during the year, given its recent
contract awards in UAE, Oman, India and Morocco.
Cadaguas international nature has led the company to a successful expan-
sion and counts today with references in countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE,
China, India, UK, France, Portugal, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Cyprus, Poland,
Venezuela, Chile and Spain. Ofce locations include Dubai, New Delhi, Warsaw,
Mexico D.F. and Sidney. www.cadagua.com
WWi Enquiry No. 102
BOOTH No. E9, E10, F10
Leading Spains International Water Expansion
Exhibitor promotion: Cadagua
We remove salt from sea water to make it drinkable, fit for human consumption, irrigation
and industry, because there are solutions for drought on the planet and we, at Cadagua, are convinced
that desalination by reverse osmosis is the most natural option: maximum efficiency, minimum costs
and environmentally respectful.
Cadagua has designed and built RO desalination installations in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, Tunisia
and Spain amounting to a total installed capacity of more than 1 million cubic meter per day,
serving a population equivalent to 6 million people.
At Cadagua, we know what we are talking about.
a Company of
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www.cadagua.com
Intelligent Infrastructure
Desalination
anniversary
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56
Dual-Membrane Technology Enables
Water Reuse in Gaojing Power Plant
Exhibitor promotion: Dow Water & Process Solutions (DW&PS)
C
onstructed in the 1960s by Datang Corporation and locat-
ed in Mengtougou, the Gaojing China Power Plant is one
of the earliest to supply heat and electricity to Bejiings
local communities and industries. Wa-
ter recycling sys-
tems for cooling tower
blowdown have become
more and more common
in fossil fuel power plants
because of
the large vol-
ume (about
60% of all
w a s t e -
w a t e r
c o me s
from pow-
er plants). Therefore, there was a high
need to ensure positive reuse of cooling tower blow down
for boiler feed water.
The plant faced increasing environmental regulations from
the Chinese government over the years. The main technical
challenge for Gaojinng was having a water stream with very un-
stable and high hardness, HCO
3
- concentration, silicon content,
SO
4
2
- and sometimes COD. High salt content and unstable pH
properties make cooling tower blowdown water a difcult type
of wastewater to reuse.
In 2003, the plant engineers selected Dow Ultraltration
modules and Dow Filmtec brackish water reverse osmosis ele-
ments as a solution for reuse using the blow down from their
cooling towers as boiler feed water. For proper pre-treatment and chemical dos-
ing, Dow Ultraltration modules and FILMTEC membranes were also used to
help eliminate problems in subsequent wastewater reuse systems.
Traditionally, the source of the cooling tower makeup at Gaojing was from
surface water, but was changed to secondary efuent from the Gaobeidian Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant in 2007. Due
to this type of wastewater
concentration, contami-
nants varied substantially
between seasons and
cooling tower makeup
quality.
At this time, the engi-
neers selected Dow Water
& Process Solutions dual-
membrane technology to overcome a waste stream containing high hardness,
alkalinity, silicon dioxide and sulfate, typical in cooling water blow down to help
the power plant meet increasing environmental requirements from the gov-
ernment. The integrated technology, together with proper pre-treatment and
chemical dosing, helped the plant to realise more than 70% reuse of the cool-
ing tower blow down - even after ve years of operation.
This dual-membrane solution consists of Dow Ultraltration
SFP-2660 and Dow Filmtec
BW30-365FR and BW30-
400 reverse osmosis mem-
branes.
PROCESS
FLOW AND KEY
TREATMENT
UNITS
As can be seen in Figure 1,
the blowdown water was rst
pumped into a multi-media lter to
remove suspended solids and reduce the
turbidity. Then the UF unit further decreased
the turbidity and protected the subsequent
RO unit from colloids, suspended solids,
bacteria and large molecular weight organics.
Reducing agents, anti-scalant and acid were then dosed before the rst pass
RO system, in which most of the dissolved solids and SiO
2
were removed.
The permeate water from the rst pass RO was then degasied, and the pH
was increased to 9.5 by NaOH dosing before entering the second pass RO.
In the end, EDI was installed for nal demineralization to meet the requirement
of boiler make up. Dows experience in membrane technology enabled them to
offer innovative solutions to guide application development in this area. As in the
case of Gaojing Power Plant, dual membrane technology together with proper
pre-treatment and chemical dosing helped them to realise more than 70% reuse
of the cooling tower blowdown. www.dowwaterandprocess.com
WWi Enquiry No. 101
MMF UF
First Pass RO
Degasier Second Pass RO EDI
TK TK TK TK
Figure 1. An illustration of the process ow in the second phase reuse system
Due to this type of wastewater concentration,

contaminants varied
substantially between seasons and cooling tower makeup quality.
BOOTH No. M9, M10, N10
Were making a clear impact
in every corner of the globe
and in this corner of I DA.
Visit us at IDA in Perth, Australia, September 4 9, 2011, booths
#M9, #M10 and #N10. Thats where youll discover how Dow Water
& Process Solutions is making a clear impact around the world
and how Dow is spearheading the development of sustainable
separation and purification technologies that integrate water and
energy requirements.
At the booth, youll gain a better understanding of how innovative
sol uti ons from Dow are hel pi ng to address the cri ti cal water
shortages that exist worldwide in a broad range of industries and
in communities throughout the globe.
From residential to industrial applications, Dow Water & Process
Solutions is delivering the game-changing technology that makes the
next generation of sustainable solutions possible. We look forward
to seeing you at IDA.
dowwaterandprocess.com
Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (Dow) or an afliated company of Dow
58
A
s anyone who lives in arid regions of Asia Pacic knows, water
shortages have become an increasingly frequent and troubling
fact of life. The areas spiraling population growth, economic de-
velopment and urbanisation have multiplied the demand for fresh
water, straining existing fresh water resources.
Fortunately, a variety of cost-effective desalination technologies have
emerged in tandem with the regions water needs. Over the past decade, IDE
Technologies, the desalination industrys technology leader, has deployed some
of the APAC regions largest and most advanced desalination plants.
TIANJIN SDIC - CHINAS LARGEST DESALINATION PLANT
Tianjin SDIC is a state-of-the-art electric plant that leverages IDEs unique
desalination technologies to narrow its dependence upon external fresh water
resources.
The plant uses IDE MED (Multi-Effect Distillation) units to create the highly-
pure water needed in its steam boilers from the regions plentiful seawater,
and powers the units with the waste heat generated by the electricity plant,
an advantage that reduces the plants desalination costs while improving its
environmental proles. So far, IDE has successfully deployed four MED units
with a total capacity of 100,000 m
3
/day, and has been chosen to deploy four
additional units, currently under construction (to be completed during 2012),
doubling the capacity to 200,000 m
3
/day.
RELIANCE INDUSTRIES, DESALINATION IN INDIA
The Reliance Group is Indias largest private sector enterprise, and its petroleum
renery is one of the worlds largest renery complexes. From 1998-2007, Reli-
ance installed nine IDE MED desalination units with a total capacity of 160,000
m
3
/day, to provide high-quality feed water for its boilers and drinking water for
local residents.
CAPE PRESTON, AUSTRALIA: ONE OF THE WORLDS LARGEST
MEMBRANE PLANTS
In 2008, the giant Cape Preston magnetite iron ore mine, the rst of its kind in
Western Australia, selected IDE to deploy an advanced SWRO (Sea Water Re-
verse Osmosis) desalination plant on an Engineering, Procurement and
Construction Support Services basis. The plant will supply 140,000 m
3

of fresh water per day.
MIDDLE EAST PROJECTS
It was in 2005 when IDE began operating the 118 million m
3
/year
Ashkelon plant, which at the time was the largest SWRO facility. After
winning the Desalination Plant of the Year 2006 award, this milestone
opened new horizons for the international desalination industry and
mega-SWRO desalination. Five years later IDE followed the Ashkelon
success with the inauguration of its 127 million m
3
/year Hadera plant.
Both plants were completed ahead of schedule and are producing
continuous supplies of high-quality water at some of the worlds low-
est-ever BOT contract prices.
ABOUT THE COMPANY
Established in 1965, IDE is a world leader in the development and con-
struction of water treatment, seawater desalination, industrial evapora-
tors, refrigeration plants and snowmaking systems. To date, IDE has
installed 400 plants in 40 countries worldwide. www.ide-tech.com
WWi Enquiry No. 103
BOOTH No. H30
Leading Desalination in
Water-Challenged APAC Regions
Exhibitor promotion: IDE Technologies
Water shortages have become an increasingly frequent and troubling
fact of life in the arid regions of Asia Pacic
Excellent proven track record: 400 plants. 40 countries. 4 decades.
Sorek Award & Construction
Construction of the worlds largest SWRO plant; 150 million m
3
/year
Lower water costs, decreased water shortages
Tianjin Commissioning & Award
Chinas largest desalination plant; MED - 200,000 m
3
/day
Successful installation of rst 4 units; 100,000 m
3
/day
Chennai Metro Water Award
Indias largest SWRO plant; 100,000 m
3
/day
Hadera Plant
Worlds largest operating SWRO plant; 127 million m
3
/year
Cape Preston Design & Procurement
Among the worlds largest SWRO plants; 140,000 m
3
/day
A World Leader in Innovative Water Solutions:
IDE - Setting Fresh
Capacity & Cost Standards
IDE Winner of
'Desalination Company of
the Year' GWI Award
see us at
IDA CONGRESS 2011
Booth # H30
Pavilion 3
60
[CONTINUED FROM PAGE 54] ...will be completed ahead of sched-
ule this year by Spanish consortium Technicas Reunidas S.A/Valoriza Agua, AJ
Lucas and Worley Parsons. Once operational, Binningup will double Perths
desalinated water resources to over 30% and similar to the Kwinana plant, all
energy used will be offset by energy from renewable sources.
Immediate duplication of the Binningup plant has been recommended by
water and desalination experts to meet the expected shortfall in public supplies.
This takes into account predicted ongoing dry seasons in the south-west region
of WA and critically low reservoir levels, and intake/outfall infrastructure has al-
ready been built to enable this.
Once expanded, it would then be possible to meet half of Perths water
needs via the two desalination plants in the short term. Options for further in-
creases in daily drinking water capacity for Perth include indirect potable reuse
of wastewater or a third seawater desalination plant.
A 175 ML/d private seawater desalination plant is being constructed for CIT-
IC Pacic Sino Iron at Cape Preston, near Karratha. With process design by IDE,
prefabrication of much of the plant was undertaken in China and shipped to site.
Completion is expected at the end of 2011.
Two thermal desalination plants have also been recently built for industrial
applications. These are a 3.6 ML/d mechanical vapour compression operational
plant on the Burrup Peninsula in the states North-West for Burrup Fertilisers
Ammonia Plant and a 7.2 ML/d multi-effect distillation plant at Ravensthorpe in
the South-West for BHP Billitons nickel mine. Unfortunately the Ravensthorpe
plant was mothballed (along with the mine) as a result of the 2008/2009 global
nancial crisis.
GOLD COAST PLANT SUPPLIES SOUTH-EAST QUEENSLAND
Desalination is a key component of both the Gold Coast Waterfuture Strategy
and the South-East Queensland Regional Drought Strategy Contingency Sup-
ply Plan. The plant at Tugun, close to the Gold Coast Airport, has been com-
pleted and produces 125 ML/d.
A 25 km pipeline delivers desalinated water to the Water Grid, SE Queenslands
bulk water supply network. The plant was built by the Gold Coast Alliance, a
Veolia-John Holland Joint Venture, in alliance with Gold Coast Water and the
Queensland State Government, and the plant will be operated for 10 years by
Veolia in alliance with Gold Coast Water.
SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES PLANT COMPLETED LAST YEAR
Sydney Water has built a 250 ML/d reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant
which recently won the GWI Desalination Plant of the Year Award. The design is
capable of accommodating a future duplication in capacity to 500 ML/d.
The plant, which cost around $A2 billion, is located on the Kurnell Peninsula
south of Botany Bay which already hosts an oil renery. The plant was designed
and constructed by the Blue Water Joint Venture, consisting of John Holland
Group Pty Ltd and Veolia Water.
Veolia will operate and maintain the plant for Sydney Water. As for the WA
plants, the Sydney Desalination Plant will purchase renewable energy equivalent
to the energy consumed from a wind farm, resulting in no net greenhouse gas
emissions from operations.
EXTENSIVE LANDSCAPED MELBOURNE PLANT AND PIPELINE
The Victorian State Government is building a 450 ML/d desalination plant to
ensure reliable supplies for Melbourne. The plant is located 120km from Mel-
bourne near Wonthaggi. This site was chosen so that intakes and saline outfalls
are into the open sea of Bass Strait, rather than into conned Port Phillip or
Westernport Bays.
It is being delivered by the private sector as a BOOT project using Victorias
Public Private Partnerships framework. Construction of the plant was awarded
to AquaSure, a consortium consisting of Suez Environnement, Degremont,
Thiess and Macquarie Capital Group.
Construction began in September 2009, and the $3.5 billion project is near-
ing completion. The project incorporates a number of signicant environmental
protection and social amenity measures, such as a fully architecturally designed
facility with intensive landscaping integration, a planted green roof, a coastal
park, fully underground power supply with co-located broadband communica-
tions cable, and long 4 metre diameter intake and outlet tunnels.
The extensive underground pipeline connects the plant to Melbournes
Cardinia Reservoir east of the city and is capable of providing up to a third of
Melbournes annual water supply. The plant is estimated to use about 90 MW
of power, the equivalent of which will be purchased from renewable energy
sources.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA AS A CONSUMER OF DESALINATED WATER
A 300 ML/d desalination plant for Adelaide began operations in May on a site
in the former Mobil renery site at Port Stanvac on St Vincent Gulf, south of the
city. The $A1.4 billion design-build-operate project was awarded to Adelaide
Sydneys facility will help increase Australias desalination capacity
61
Aqua, a consortium of Acciona Agua, McConnell Dowell, Abigroup and United
Utilities Australia. The plants construction was in response to the Millennium
drought (1997 2010) which reduced ows in the states River Murray, saw
reservoir levels fall critically low and severe water restrictions implemented. Ini-
tially construction of a 150 ML/d seawater desalination plant was announced in
2008 and capacity was subsequently doubled to 300 ML/d. This single source
will now be capable of supplying about 40% of Adelaides current annual water
consumption. As in other states, renewable energy will be purchased to offset
the entire plants energy requirements.
Another 280 ML/d seawater desalination plant is planned for Whyalla in the
north of SA to provide additional water resources for the expanded BHP Billiton
copper, uranium, gold and silver Olympic Dam mine and processing plant near
Roxby Downs. This plants transfer pipeline system will carry potable water to
Olympic Dam - about 320 km in length - with a nominal pipeline diameter ex-
pected to be in excess of one metre.

SMALLER DESALINATION OPERATIONS
In addition to the large seawater desalination plants there are thought to be
more than 500 small reverse osmosis plants servicing remote mining, oil and
gas sites, power stations, medical (dialysis), food and beverage plants and
coastal and island communities.
Osmoo, the largest Australian desalination company, has alone built more
than 270 small to medium plants since 1991. The rst reverse osmosis plant
was thought to have been installed by Permutit in 1968 at Cook, a siding on the
Trans Australia Railway in the Nullarbor Plain.
The rst large scale brackish water reverse osmosis plant (35 ML/d) was built
at Bayswater Power Station in NSW in 1987 for cooling water salinity control.

DESALINATIONS FUTURE IN AUSTRALIA
The Australian desalination industry and Federal Government-funded research
and development sector driven by NCEDA is growing rapidly. There are many
opportunities in design, construction and operations encouraging employment
of an increasing number of tradespeople, para-professionals and university
graduates, with research activity fostering PhD and Honours student projects
in desalination.
Climatic factors and urban population growth are expected to boost further
need for desalination plants in Australia. The Federal governments Climate
Commission recently warned of the imminent threats to the countrys water se-
curity from climate change, which will continue to affect rainfall patterns creating
increasing uncertainty in water availability.
Its becoming increasingly recognised by Australian authorities that the
continuous base load ow of water from seawater desalination is compara-
tively cost-effective insurance, dramatically reducing the likelihood of water
restrictions and safeguarding water-dependent industries ability to main-
tain operations, provide jobs and support Australias growing economy and
population. The future for desalination in Australia looks bright indeed. WWi
Authors note: Neil Palmer is CEO of the National Centre of Excellence in De-
salination Australia, an International Desalination Association (IDA) director and
co-chair of the technical program for the 2011 IDA World Congress.
This event takes place from September 4-9 in Perth, coinciding with the ofcial
opening of the Southern Seawater Desalination Plant at Binningup and NCE-
DAs new national Desalination Research Facility and Desal Discovery Centre at
Rockingham. For more information, please visit: www.idadesal.org.
Enquiry No. 100
COME VISIT US AT THE
IDA WORLD CONGRESS
EXHIBITION, BOOTH #B12!
62
A
qualyng is a global leader in the international desalination
market. Our spectrum of successful, state-of-the-art prod-
ucts and services deliver fresh water whenever and wher-
ever it is needed. In the relatively short span of time since
1996, we have garnered an excellent industry reputation
for delivering desalination plants
for production of all qualities of
water.
As a global water solutions pro-
vider addressing diverse water needs
for a variety of concerns, the com-
pany is carving a unique trail in the
desalination industry. With over 15
years experience in the desalination
industry, we have the requisite exper-
tise in designing and operating plants
across three continents. Aqualyngs reverse osmosis-based desalination plant
solutions have increased efciencies and reduced costly assembly times for
projects ranging from Europe, the Gulf Countries, Northern and Southern Africa
to China.
By using the most advanced engineering know-how in the industry, Aqual-
yng is solving the scarcity of freshwater in arid regions and feeding the growth
of large industry. Our modular desalination water systems bring fresh water to
lives everywhere.
FOCUS ON WATER SALES
Aqualyng actively seeks to identify and pursue opportunities to invest share-
holder capital in the companys own equipment and proprietary technologies.
To this end, the companys project development team targets sales of product
water produced using the companys patented technologies, via BOO (Build-
Own-Operate) contractual structures, under long-term water purchase agree-
ments with creditworthy off-takers. The teams geographical focus spans all ve
continents, targeting opportunities to form consortia with equity partners and
contractors best suited for a given prospect.
Whereas the company had traditionally been regarded as a provider of high
quality desalination equipment employing seawater reverse osmosis technol-
ogy, the companys renewed focus is to sell not just the equipment, but also
the product water. Having assembled a committed in-house technical team of
seasoned veterans, with focus on technological advancement and R&D as well
as plant design and operations, Aqualyng is able to leverage its superior under-
standing of the core technology to devise customised solutions around each
projects unique set of requirements.
Following construction, during the commercial operations period Aqualyngs
operations and maintenance group provides technical services including inven-
tory management, maintenance planning and long-term parts and services
supply to the companys operating eet. Centralising the operations manage-
ment function across the eet allows for better efciency achieved from parts
pooling and improved inventory management. www.aqualyng.com
WWi Enquiry No. 104 BOOTH No. H13
Increasing Reverse Osmosis Ef ciency Worldwide
Exhibitor promotion: Aqualyng
Fast Water
- Fresh water, whenever, wherever!

Fast Water is a series of modular reverse osmosis units from Aqualyng Water Solutions. Easy to
transport, install and operate, Fast Water is the perfect solution to temporary water supply needs
and water supply droughts in arid, desert climates. Giving harsh climates a vital, refreshing boost. www.aqualyng.com
Fast Water

Bringing relief where its needed most
63
IDE Technologies
A world leader in water technologies, IDE specialises in enhanced desalination plants, industrial water
treatment, industrial evaporation and snowmaking and refrigeration solutions. With globally recognised
thermal and membrane technologies, and some of the largest mega-size desalination plant deploy-
ments worldwide, IDEs track record spans four decades, 400 plants and 40 countries.
www.ide-tech.com
Booth number: H30
Aqualyng
Aqualyng is a global leader in the
desalination industry. The compa-
nys spectrum of successful, state-
of-the-art products and services
deliver fresh water, whenever and
wherever it is needed. With the pat-
ented energy-saving device - the
Recuperator - Aqualyng produces
desalinated water at the lowest cost
available in the market.
Booth number: H13
Cadagua
A leading Spanish engineering and construction company in the water treatment eld, specialised in
EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction), DB (Design & Build), DBO (Design-Build-Operate),
BOO (Build-Own-Operate) and BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer) contracts. Cadagua has more that
40 years of experience and 235 installations (drinking, sewage and desalination) and over 150 treatment
plants in the industrial eld. Ofce locations include Spain, Warsaw, Dubai, New Delhi and Sidney.
www.cadagua.es
Stand number: E9, E10, F10
Statio
Statio is the worlds leader for the
development and application of
static mixing technology for wa-
ter related industries. The product
range includes an extensive range
of pipeline and channel mixers, to-
gether with gas dispersion systems
for two phase applications. Statio
is continually adding to its range, an
example being the new DesalMixer.
Booth number: D26
64
Koch Membrane Sys-
tems (KMS) used the
Singapore International
Water Week event to
launch a new product:
the TARGA II HF, a new
hollow-bre ultraltration
membrane system.
The membrane ele-
ment features a robust
PES membrane, which
is combined with op-
timised cartridge and
rack design. KMS said
that PES-base mem-
brane chemistry helps
to reduce membrane
fouling and improved
module design helps
improve product robust-
ness. Fibres have
been designed to meet
drinking water require-
ments and provide 4-log
virus removal. Intelligent
process controls can
handle variations in wa-
ter quality and ow with
minimal operator inter-
vention, reduced chemi-
cal use, and less energy.
The system can be applied to a variety
of ultraltration applications, including drink-
ing water to seawater pre-treatment, indus-
trial water treatment and tertiary wastewater
treatment.
Manny Singh, KMS vice president of tech-
nology product management, said: The in-
telligent control system was developed after
extensive process testing with TARGA II HF
and allows users to handle variations in feed
water quality and ow variations with minimal
operator intervention while reducing overall
chemical and power consumption.
www.kochmembrane.com
Hollow- bre UF
system to provide
virus removal
Hyux also used the Singapore event to launch
its new polymeric tri-bore hollow bre mem-
branes. The Kristal 600ET3 and Kristal 2000T3
are the latest additions to the successful Kristal
range of hollow bre membranes for reverse os-
mosis (RO) pre-treatment.
Each bre now features three hollow bores at
the centre of the bre, which the manufacturer
said ensures superior strength and a longer shelf
life, coupled with a high permeate ow rate.
The new tri-bore membranes have increased
overall diameters of 1.95mm and 2.20mm for the
Kristal 600ET3 and Kristal 2000T3 respectively
(about 40 - 45% increase from previous Kristal
membranes) while the diameter for each of the
bores is 0.6mm. The increase in the overall hol-
low bre thickness is designed to provide even
better membrane durability and tensile load-
bearing ability.
Hyux said this could mean that bre break-
age may very well be a thing of the past. No
bre breakage has been was observed from the
company following months of testing in operat-
ing plants.
The Kristal membranes promise constantly
low permeate turbidity and SDI that remain is
unaffected even by large uctuations in the feed
water quality. The main material ingredient of
the Kristal 600ET3 membrane is polyethersul-
fone (PES) a polymer material that is inherently
highly hydrophilic with good chemical and pH re-
sistance, much like its K600 predecessors. The
PES membrane is then modied to further aug-
ment its hydrophilicity and chemical resistance to
enhance the membranes ltration performance.
For the Kristal 2000T3 membrane, the polyvi-
nylidene uoride (PVDF) material provides further
added strength, chemical resistance and protec-
tion against oxidants. It is thus more suited for
challenging applications, especially those involv-
ing higher concentrations of oxidants (from pre-
treatment dosing or as a byproduct from a previ-
ous process).
As with the rest of the membranes in the Kristal
range, the direction of ow for the permeate/ l-
trate is from the outside of the bre into its three
bores (outside-in).
The manufacturer concludes that as an out-
side-in membrane, it has the ability to withstand
substantial fouling and still continue to function at
its design ux. www.hyux.com
Hy ux launches Tri-bore
hollow bre membranes
with increased durability
Pentair X-Flow recently handed over a Crossow ultraltration (CF-UF) installation at the Non-
thaburi Leachate Wastewater Treatment Plant in Bangkok. The Nonthaburi landll occupies a
total area of 19.4 hectares serving about 900,000 inhabitants in Nonthaburi province, west of
Bangkok. Recent upgrades included a leachate wastewater treatment installation that was con-
structed to prevent contamination of surrounding groundwater or surface waters.
This project was led by water and wastewater company Goshu Kohsan, along with the
government of Nonthaburi and the Kasetsart University. Pentair X-Flows Crossow Membrane
BioReactor (MBR) system was selected to treat the sites percolate water that has high levels of
heavy metals TOC, BOD and COD. The Nonthaburi Leachate Wastewater Treatment Plant runs
at a capacity of 0.5 MLD.
The installation contains a Pentair X-Flow Crossow MBR system in combination with spiral
wound nanoltration (NF) downstream. After MBR and NF treatment, the treated water is used
for application research.
www.x-ow.com
Crossow Membrane BioReactor
installation in Lecahate plant, Bangkok
Technology Round-up: Membrane Technology
Enquiry No. 118
Enquiry No. 119
Enquiry No. 120
65
AUMA Riester GmbH & Co. KG
P.O. Box 1362 | 79373 Muellheim, Germany
Tel. +49 7631 809-0 | www.auma.com
Generation .2
Actuators with
Profibus DP
AUMAs new Generation .2
actuators make intelligent use
of the possibilites of Probus DP.

Simple integration of the
actuators using FDT/DTM
technology and access to all
device parameters from the
control room

Increased data transfer security,
as the standardised Probus
DP-V2 redundancy concept is
supported

Bus access to the time-stamped
events
www.generation2.auma.com
Technology Round-up:
Membrane Technology
German chlorine plant upgraded to
membrane electrolysis centre
Global chemicals company AkzoNobel is investing 140 million
to convert its chlorine plant in Frankfurt, Germany, into a mem-
brane electrolysis technology centre. The new facility, which will
increase current capacity by around 50%, will boost the com-
panys presence in Europes caustic lye and chloromethanes
markets.
Due to come on stream in the fourth quarter of 2013, the
Frankfurt operations will apply the latest membrane technology
and enable the business to increase annual production of chlo-
rine at the location to an expected 250 kilotons, up from 165
kilotons today.
AkzoNobel Industrial Chemicals operates three chlorine plants
in Germany (Frankfurt, Bitterfeld and Ibbenbren) and two in the
Netherlands (Rotterdam and Delfzijl). In 2010, these ve facilities exceeded one million tons
in total production.
www.akzonobel.com Enquiry No. 121
KMS RO units to be distributed in Italy
Global chemical rm Univar will help distribute Koch Membrane Systems (KMS) reverse
osmosis products to the Italian market, as part of an agreement. Univar will distribute KMS
range of RO elements for the water treatment and reuse markets, to help purify seawater.
www.univar.com Enquiry No. 122
QuantumFlux membrane modules pass
NSF Standard 61 requirements
Next generation reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology manufacturer NanoH20s
QuantumFlux membrane modules, for use in the production of drinking water, have re-
ceived NSF Standard 61 Certication. This standard sets criteria for the testing and evalu-
ation of products that come into contact with drinking water to ensure they do not leach
contaminants into the water. These contaminants include those regulated by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Health Canada, as well as any other
non-regulated compounds that may be of concern. NanoH2O said its advanced nano-
technology, which has just been commercially launched, can increase membrane perme-
ability by 50-100% over conventional membranes, while matching best-in-class salt rejec-
tion. Greater permeability translates to increased membrane productivity, decreasing energy
consumption. The QuantumFlux membrane modules are available in an 8-inch diameter
spiral-wound conguration, which t into industry-standard pressure vessels.
www.nanoh2o.com Enquiry No. 123
FRP self-cleaning lters introduced for
seawater applications
A range of berglass reinforced plastic (FRP) lters de-
signed for brackish, brine and seawater ltration applica-
tions has been launched by Forsta Filters. Constructed
from seawater-resistant plastic and other high alloy ma-
terials, the lters can withstand pressures of up to 150
psi. They are available with an on-line or an in-line ange conguration to accommodation
simple installation. Flow rates are in the range of 15-20,000 GPM with a two-stage screen-
ing process. A coarse screen is responsible for straining out large debris from the water
source, and the ne screen puries water to the designated micron rating.
www.forstalters.com Enquiry No. 124
66
Product Review: Pumps, Mixers & Agitators
The Eversburg sewage treatment plant is designed to serve 250,000
population equivalents and is one of three plants operated by the city
of Osnabrck in northern Germany. But in 2005, its actual load was
closer to 309,000 population equivalents (COD 80 mg/l), pushing the
nitrogen input level above the plants capabilities.
To deal with this situation, a team was organised to develop a
process-based alternative to biological elimination of nitrogen. At its
core, the proposal involved the use of existing basins and established
biological process engineering. A feasibility study in the lab led to a
pilot plant. Positive results here were scaled up to operational experi-
ments in small basins. These ndings served as the foundation for
implementing a major system to serve 60,000 inhabitants.
Demanding pumping tasks
The pumps moving ltration water into the ni-
trogen elimination plant were a critical aspect
of the concept. The pH of the water ranges
from 11 to 11.5, temperature is approximately
30C, and conditioning is provided by lime and
Iron III. Originally the plant used centrifugal
pumps, but their mechanical seals calcied,
the pumps leaked and aggressive lime water
penetrated into the motors. As a result, the pumps could stay in service
for only a few weeks at a time.
The plant began using Allweiler peristaltic pumps as an alternative to the
centrifugal pumps from another manufacturer. The pumps have been
running around the clock without any problems even since, according
to plant engineer Peter Sikora. The hose material is durable that neither
the lime nor any other component of the ltration water results in any
signicant wear.
The peristaltic pumps have been running in a redundant congura-
tion inside a separate pump house since 2008. Before the pump house
was constructed, the rst pump ran outdoors for more than a year.
Allweiler peristaltic pumps are designed without a seal and can be
dry-mounted so they are easily accessible at all
times. A frequency converter enables precise
regulation of the pumps and saves energy. Their
capacity has a linear relationship to pump speed
and as a result, volume ow can be controlled
with precision, eliminating the need for addi-
tional volume-monitoring devices. The pumps
operate within a speed range of approximately
20 rpm to up to 35 rpm.
www.allweiler.com Enquiry No. 128
required. Instead the dosed chemicals are introduced at the pipe wall and are
drawn and dispersed into the main ow, resulting in a complete mixing. The
absence of injection lances eliminates blocking, reduces maintenance and
lowers the overall cost of the mixer.
The Statio is available in three standard lengths
to cater for very rapid mixing or slow mixing de-
pending on the chemistry of the application. Mix-
ers can be custom designed to suit the available
pressure drop of site hydraulics.
Good mixing is fundamental to achieving the cor-
rect process result and will minimise chemical
usage and in the case of desalination plants can
have a signicant impact on overall running costs.
www.statio.net Enquiry No. 126
Leak-free mag-drive pumps for
hazardous liquids
Michael Smith Engineers has said the Dickow range of pumps, including
the KM Series, are capable of handling capacities up
to 65 m
3
/hr at heads up to 65 metres.
All KM Series pumps are magnetically coupled, so
they are leak-free by design as there are no mechani-
cal seals. They are available in either horizontal or ver-
tical conguration and a choice of wetted materials
of either cast iron, cast steel and stainless steel. The
vertical conguration option with the motor mounted
on the top eliminates the need for a base plate so is
an ideal choice for where space is limited.
The pumps can handle liquids with viscosities be-
tween 0.1 cP and 200 cP at temperatures between
-30 to +200C.
www.michael-smith-engineers.co.uk Enquiry No. 127
High Pressure
RO Multi-stage
Pumps
CLYDEUNION Pumps has introduced
the HPRO (High Pressure Reverse Os-
mosis) product as part of its range of
pumps for desalination facilities covering all stages of the process, from sea-
water pre-treatment to the distribution of produced water.
The HPRO pump is a radially split diffuser multi-stage pump designed to
match the particular requirements of the desalination industry. Design fea-
tures include:
Minimum through life costs along with maximum reliability in service
Optimised efciency levels with hydraulics designed for each specic
project duty
Self-contained oil lubricated bearings eliminate the requirement and as-
sociated costs for lubricating oil module
Enhanced efciency achieved through full radial diffusers, volute dis-
charge and closed clearance composite wear rings.
The company said that the HPRO pump offers customers a modern alter-
native, specically designed for RO Desalination, to the traditional horizontal
split casing high pressure BB3 product range.
www.clydeunion.com Enquiry No. 125
Static mixer for desalination plants
Statio has developed a new concept for static mixers to meet the specic
requirements for mixing and blending in the desalination industry. The static
mixer, called the DesalMixer, is a short length insertion type device that pro-
duces a higher mixture quality, which the company said is at a lower pressure
drop than mixers currently available in the market.
This is achieved by mixing elements that produce both division and turbu-
lence of the ow. One very signicant benet is that injection lances are not
CASE STUDY: PERISTALTIC PUMPS HELP REDUCE NITROGEN LEVELS IN GERMANY
67
Product Review: Pumps, Mixers & Agitators
Submerged Hollow Fibers for Water Treatment and MBRs
Advanced
Filtration
Technology
Robust bers with high longevity
No expensive out of tank pipework
Easy access and simple maintenance
High specic surface area
Simple and economic replacement
Available in various geometrical arrangements
A U S T R I A | I N D I A | C H I N A | V I E T N A M | E G Y P T | U A E | P O L A N D | C Z E C H R E P U B L I C
Julius-Welser-Str.15
5020 Salzburg
SFC Umwelttechnik GMBH
Headquarters Austria
T +43.662.43 49 01
F +43.662.43 49 018
ofce@sfcu.at
www.sfc-group.net
Mark 3 ISO pump from Flowserve
Flowserve Corporation has launched the Durco Mark 3 ISO range of
chemical process pumps. Fully compliant with ISO 2858 (dimensional) and
ISO 5199 (design) criteria, the Durco Mark 3 ISO pump incorporates the
advanced features and benets of the Durco Mark 3 ASME B73.1 pump.
These include the efciency, repeatable performance and mechanical reli-
ability of the signature Durco Mark 3 reverse vane impeller, micrometer-
style impeller adjustment, the SealSentry family of seal chambers along
with a heavy duty shaft and bearings. Flowserve said replacement parts
inventory can be minimised through the high degree of component inter-
changeability. The pump is available in 40 sizes, a variety of congurations
and a wide range of materials.
www.owserve.com/mark3iso Enquiry No. 129
Welches Dam pumps replaced in
Cambridgeshire, England
Bedford Pumps has replaced pumps originally installed by W H Allen at
Welches Dam Pumping Station in the Cambridgeshire Fens. The Welches
Dam pumping station, situated on the Old Bedford River, south of Manea,
was constructed in 1948 to provide land drainage in the notoriously at and
boggy marsh land of the Cambridgeshire fens. Sixty years on maintaining
this obsolete equipment had become prohibitively expensive and the deci-
sion was made to upgrade the station with modern alternatives.
The project, let by the Environment Agency, was awarded to Jackson Civil
Engineering Group, supported
by Halcrow and using Bedford
Pumps as the M&E partner.
The work involved taking the
station out of commission
while all of the existing plant
was removed from the station.
Partners arrived at a pipework
design which used the benets of siphonic recovery and housed the siphon
loop within the station.
www.bedfordpumps.co.uk Enquiry No. 130
Versatile Sludge Pumps
ITT Corporation has introduced a new sludge series to its agship Flygt
2600 drainage pump range. Available for rental or purchase, the new Flygt
2600 sludge series comprise three portable multi-purpose models that
handle sludge and other liquids containing larger solids.
The range can be used in drainage and wastewater transfer applications for
construction, mining, tunneling, industrial and municipal customers.
The three new Flygt sludge pumps have a range of 1.5 to 5.6 kW for 50 Hz
countries and 2.4 - 8.9 hp for 60 Hz countries.
Capable of ows up to 28 l/s (450 GPM) and heads to 38 m (128 ft.),
these sludge pumps can be used for temporary sewage pumping, digester
cleaning at wastewater treatment plants, light slurry transfer, open-pit and
underground mine dewatering and emergency site drainage.
www.itt.com Enquiry No. 131
2011-12
Global Buyers Guide
Welcome to the third annual Global Buyers Guide for Water & Wastewater International magazine. We launched this
guide with the goal of it growing into a comprehensive resource for identifying companies that provide products and
services needed to succeed in the water and wastewater industry. It features 616 companies nearly 100 more
than the inaugural guide in 618 product categories and 41 service categories. When contacting a company for
product or service information, please let them know you saw their listing in the Water & Wastewater International
Buyers Guide.
PennWell Publishing Ltd (UK), The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex. EN9 1BN. United Kingdom
T: +44 (0)1992 656 613 F: +44 (0)1992 656 712
Corporate Headquarters, PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112 USA
T: +1 918-831-9176 F: +1 918-831-9776
Contents
69
Products
The Products section lists products used in the design, construction, operation
and maintenance of water and wastewater treatment facilities, systems and equipment.
83
Services
This section lists a wide range of suppliers providing a variety of services to the
water and wastewater industry.
84
Companies
Finally the Companies section of the Buyers Guide lists companies and organisa-
tions that supply products and services to the water and wastewater industry. Theyre
listed in alphabetical order along with their address, telephone and fax numbers, email
address, web address and a short company description.
Sue McAdam Director, Buyers Guide
Jessica Ross Buyers Guide Operations Manager
Lisa Hollis Production/Database Specialist
Tammy Croft Database Production Supervisor
Sandy Taylor Database Administrator
Linda Smith-Quinn Database Administrator
Christine Algie Database Administrator
69
Products... Services... Companies...
CHEMICAL METERING SYSTEMS
ACTIVATED CARBON
BakerCorp GmbH & Co KG
Calgon Carbon Corp
Siemens Water Technologies
Corp
(See ad page 17)
United Manufacturing International
2000
ACTIVATED CARBON
EQUIPMENT
Met-Pro Corp
Corp
(See ad page 17)
2000
AERATION, EQUIPMENT &
SYSTEMS
Aeration Industries International
Airmaster Aerator LLC
Aqua-Aerobic Systems Inc
(See ad page 10)
Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Ltd
Bio-Microbics Inc
Clean-Flo International
Conveyor Components Co
Dresser ROOTS
EDI (Environmental Dynamics
International)
(See ad page 49)
Europelec
Midan Industries Ltd
Schreiber LLC
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SolarBee Inc
Statio International Ltd
(See ad page 60)
AERATORS
Europelec
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
(See ad page 20)
ITT Flygt AB
(See ad page 9)
Niagara Conservation
Piller Industrieventilatoren GmbH
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Tsurumi (Europe) GmbH
(See ad page 53)
AIR COMPRESSORS
Alturdyne
NITTO KOHKI Deutschland GmbH
AIR STRIPPERS
Layne Christensen Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ALARM SYSTEMS &
COMPONENTS
KP Electronics Inc
Phonetics Inc
ALGAE CONTROL
Geomembrane Technologies Inc
NEFCO Inc
SolarBee Inc
Turner Designs Inc
AMMONIA REMOVAL
Aquabio Ltd
Severn Trent Services
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
EQUIPMENT
DDI Heat Exchangers Inc
Paques BV
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Veolia Water Solutions &
Technologies Italia Srl
ANALYTICAL
INSTRUMENTATION
Arizona Instrument LLC
ASA Analytics
Automation Products Inc
Fluid Imaging Technologies
Hach Co
Labt Pty Ltd
Myron L Co
Process Measurement & Analysis
Ltd
Real Tech Inc
ARSENIC REMOVAL
The Dow Chemical Co
(See ad page 56, 57)
Filtronics Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
BACKFLOW PREVENTION
AGI Specialty Valves
Elasto-Valve Rubber Products Inc
Proco Products Inc
BAFFLE CURTAINS
DLM Plastics
McGill AirSilence LLC
BAR SCREENS
Franklin Miller Inc
Headworks Bio Inc
JWC Environmental
BELT FILTER PRESSES
ANDRITZ AG
PHOENIX Process Equipment Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
BIOFILTRATION
BIOREM Technologies Inc
(See ad page 36)
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
(See ad page 20)
BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT
BCR Environmental
Cadagua S A
(See ad page 55)
Cambi AS
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
(See ad page 20)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Technologies
BLOWERS
Dresser ROOTS
GREENHECK
Corp
(See ad page 17)
BOD MONITORING
Challenge Technology
LAR Process Analysers AG
Ltd
BOILER FEED WATER
TREATMENT
Doosan Hydro Technology
Membrana
(See ad page 15)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Wellons Water Technology
BOOSTER PUMPS
CLYDEUNION Pumps
Gorman-Rupp Co
BUILDINGS, PORTABLE
Extrutech Plastics Inc
CARBON FILTRATION
EQUIPMENT
Pentair Residential Filtration LLC
Corp
(See ad page 17)
2000
CARBON, ACTIVATED
Chemviron Carbon
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CARBON, GRANULAR
ACTIVATED
Calgon Carbon Corp
Chemviron Carbon
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CARBON, POWDER
ACTIVATED
Chemviron Carbon
CATHODIC PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
Advance Products & Systems
Farwest Corrosion Control Co
IRT Integrated Rectier Technologies
Inc
CENTRIFUGES
ANDRITZ AG
GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHEMICAL APPLICATION
EQUIPMENT
SAF-T-FLO Chemical Injection
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHEMICAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
Justrite Manufacturing Co LLC
Scaletron Industries Ltd
CHEMICAL METERING
SYSTEMS
LMI Milton Roy
Metalfab Inc
Products...
70
Services... Companies...
CHEMICAL STORAGE
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Universal Flow Monitors Inc
CHEMICAL STORAGE
Metalfab Inc
CHEMICAL WATER
TREATMENT
GE Power & Water
Integra Chemical Co Inc
Nalco
USA BlueBook
CHLORAMINE SENSORS
Analytical Technology Inc
(See ad page 7)
ASA Analytics
ATI-UK
CHLORINATION/
DECHLORINATION
EQUIPMENT
Force Flow
(See ad page 35)
Kupferle Foundry Co
ProMinent Dosiertechnik GmbH
ROBO-CONTROL
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHLORINATORS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHLORINE ANALYZERS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Swan Analytical Instruments
CHLORINE DIOXIDE
GENERATORS
BCR Environmental
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHLORINE HANDLING/
WEIGHING EQUIPMENT
Eagle Microsystems Inc
CHLORINE LEAK
DETECTORS
(See ad page 7)
ATI-UK
BW Technologies by Honeywell
Halogen Valve Systems Inc
ROBO-CONTROL
Sierra Monitor Corp
CHLORINE MONITORING
Chemtrac Systems Inc
ENMET Corp
Mil-Ram Technology Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CHLORINE RESIDUAL
MONITORING
ASA Analytics
ATI-UK
ENDETEC - Veolia Water Solutions
& Technologies
HF Scientic Inc
LaMotte Co
CHLORINE TESTING
CHEMetrics Inc
Hanna Instruments USA
Industrial Test Systems Inc
ITS Europe
LaMotte Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CLARIFIER EQUIPMENT
Eimco Water Technologies Ltd
Schreiber LLC
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CLEANING EQUIPMENT
Chemdet Inc
Sioux Corp
COATINGS & LININGS
Dixon Engineering Inc
DLM Plastics
Parson Environmental Products Inc
Sauereisen Inc
COD MONITORING
CHEMetrics Inc
LaMotte Co
Ltd
Schlumberger Water Services
(Netherlands) BV
COMMUNICATIONS
EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS
Aclara RF Systems Inc
H&L Instruments LLC
Itron Inc
Sipos Aktorik
Structured Technology Services Ltd
TC Communications
COMPRESSORS
Dresser ROOTS
COMPUTER EQUIPMENT &
SUPPLIES
Panasonic Computer Solutions Co
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Barthauer Software GmbH
Eagle Point Software Corp
Global Training Solutions Inc
Hydromantis Environmental
Software Solutions Inc
KISTERS North America Inc
K-SUN Corp/MaxiSoft
Labtronics Inc
Mountain States Consulting LLC
Prism Visual Software Inc
RouteSmart Technologies Inc
Senninger Irrigation Inc
Wonderware
XP Software
CONCRETE PROTECTIVE
LININGS
Flexcrete Technologies Ltd
Octaform Systems Inc
CONCRETE REHAB
MATERIAL
CONDENSATE POLISHERS
Croll Reynolds Engineering Co Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CONDUCTIVITY
MONITORING
ATI-UK
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Draeger Safety Inc
ENMET Corp
CONTROL PANELS
MultiTrode Inc USA
Corp
(See ad page 17)
TEMP-PRO Inc
CONTROLLERS,
CONDUCTIVITY
Myron L Co
Newport Electronics Inc
Walchem, an Iwaki America Co
CONTROLLERS, FLOW
Acromag Inc
Automata Inc
Hardy Instruments
Hawk Measurement
Magnetrol International Inc
MSR Magmeter
Renaissance Instruments Inc
Sierra Instruments Inc
CONTROLLERS, LIQUID
LEVEL
AMETEK Drexelbrook
AMETEK-PMT Products
Hawk Measurement
JOWA USA Inc
MultiTrode Inc USA
RKC Instrument
CONTROLLERS, ORP
LMI Milton Roy
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CONTROLLERS, PH
LMI Milton Roy
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
71
DISSOLVED OXYGEN MONITORING & CONTROL
CONTROLLERS,
PROGRAMMABLE
Acromag Inc
Mega-Fabs Motion Systems Ltd
MultiTrode Inc USA
RKC Instrument
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CONTROLLERS, PUMP
MultiTrode Inc USA
Pulsar Process Measurement Ltd
CONTROLLERS,
TEMPERATURE
Acromag Inc
Armatek Automation Inc
Elan Technical Corp
Invensys Operations Management-
Eurotherm Brand
LCR Electronics
RKC Instrument
S-Products Inc
WIKA Instruments Canada Ltd
CONTROLS, SYSTEMS
(See ad page 10)
Automata Inc
ControlSoft Inc
Cummins Power Generation Inc
ITT Water & Wastewater-Leopold
Nalco
RKC Instrument
CONVEYORS
Dematic Corp
HammerTek Corp
COOLING TOWERS
Creative Pultrusions Inc
LAKOS Separators and Filtration
Solutions
LMI Milton Roy
Tower Performance Inc
COOLING WATER
EQUIPMENT
Miller-Leaman Inc
Neosens SA
COOLING WATER
TREATMENT
BCR Environmental
Corp
(See ad page 17)
CORROSION CONTROL
PRODUCTS
Inc
Kathabar Dehumidication Systems
Inc
Membrana
(See ad page 15)
Sauereisen Inc
Stahlin Non-Metallic Enclosures
COVERS
DLM Plastics
Firestone Building Products -
Europe Middle East & Asia
Temcor
Yankee Plastic Co
COVERS, DOME
Temcor
COVERS, FLOATING
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DATA ACQUISITION
SYSTEMS
Acromag Inc
BCR Environmental
Campbell Scientic Inc
DASCOR Inc
Emerson Process Management
Fluke Corp
Eurotherm Brand
Itron Inc
Labtronics Inc
TC Communications
Telog Instruments Inc
Wonderware
DATA LOGGERS
Automata Inc
DASCOR Inc
Fluke Corp
MSR Magmeter
ROCTEST
DATA TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS
Itron Inc
TC Communications
DEIONIZATION
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DEMINERALIZING
EQUIPMENT
Envipure Pte Ltd
(See ad page 11)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DENITRIFICATION
EQUIPMENT
International)
(See ad page 49)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DESALINATION
EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS
ACWA Services Ltd
Aqualyng AS
(See ad page 62)
Aquatech
Avista Technologies Ltd
Christ Water Technology Group
Hydranautics
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
IDE Technologies Ltd
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Toray Membrane Europe AG
DESALTING,
DEMINERALIZATION &
CONTAMINANT REMOVAL
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DETECTORS, MONITORS,
RECORDERS
Analytical Measurements
Echologics Engineering
MSA
Phonetics Inc
Ltd
Sierra Monitor Corp
Solinst Canada Ltd
UE Systems
DEWATERING EQUIPMENT
AY McDonald Mfg Co
Geotube Dewatering Technology
Komline-Sanderson
Pumpex
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Wheeler Manufacturing
DIFFUSERS
(See ad page 10)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DISINFECTION
EQUIPMENT
atg UV Technology
BCR Environmental
Heraeus Noblelight GmbH
LIT-UV Europe
SANIPRO
DISSOLVED AIR
FLOTATION EQUIPMENT
Markland Specialty Engineering Ltd
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MONITORING & CONTROL
ControlSoft Inc
Hach Environmental
Neosens SA
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Van London - pHoenix Co
Products...
72
DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSORS
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
SENSORS
HF Scientic Inc
Neosens SA
DRILLING & BORING
EQUIPMENT
Ditch Witch
TRACTO-TECHNIK GmbH & Co KG
DRINKING WATER
TREATMENT UNITS
BCR Environmental
Calgon Carbon Corp
& Technologies
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Trojan Technologies
DRIVES, ELECTRICAL
Nord Drivesystems
(See ad page 5)
Staco Energy Products Co
DRIVES, VARIABLE SPEED
Baldor Electric Co
(See ad page 19)
Schneider Electric
DRY CHEMICAL
PROCESSING & FEEDING
Metalfab Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DRYING SYSTEMS
ANDRITZ AG
Bry-Air Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DUST CONTROL
McGill AirClean LLC
PEBCO Inc
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Chloride Systems
LightGuard
Nord Drivesystems
(See ad page 5)
Ronk Electrical Industries Inc
Schneider Electric
ELECTRODEIONIZATION
(EDI)
Aquatech
EMISSION CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
Energy Products of Idaho (EPI)
McGill AirClean LLC
Met-Pro Corp
ENCLOSURES, BUILDINGS
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Absolute Process Instruments Inc
EVAPORATORS
Aquatech
Bry-Air Inc
LCI Corp
FALL PROTECTION
SYSTEMS
Kee Safety Inc
Sur-loc Inc
FEEDERS
Hardy Instruments
Metalfab Inc
Stenner Pump Co
FIBERGLASS PRODUCTS
NEFCO Inc
Xerxes Corp
Yankee Plastic Co
FIELD SAMPLING,
MONITORING
Forestry Suppliers Inc
HF Scientic Inc
Real Tech Inc
Wilks Enterprise Inc
FILTER BAGS
Hayward Flow Control
(See ad page 25)
FILTER MEDIA
ErtelAlsop
Inversand Co
KDF Fluid Treatment Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Testori SpA
(See ad page 8)
FILTER PRESSES
Ascension Industries Inc
ErtelAlsop
Komline-Sanderson
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTER SYSTEMS
Schreiber LLC
FILTER UNDERDRAINS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTER WASH TROUGHS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTER, PLATE & FRAME
ErtelAlsop
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS
Cadar Ltd
(See ad page 61)
Costacurta Spa
(See ad page 2)
(See ad page 25)
Porex Filtration
FILTERS, ACTIVATED
CARBON
2000
FILTERS, BELT PRESS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, CARTRIDGE
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, DIATOMACEOUS
EARTH
ErtelAlsop
FILTERS, GRAVITY
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, IRON REMOVAL
Filtronics Inc
Magnetics Div Global Equipment
Mktg Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Wigen Water Technologies
FILTERS, MEMBRANE
Hydranautics
Innitex Inc
Porex Filtration
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, PRESSURE
Kraissl Co Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, SAND & GRAVEL
Headworks Bio Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTERS, WATER
Amiad Filtration Systems
Kraissl Co Inc
Miller-Leaman Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FILTRATION EQUIPMENT &
SYSTEMS
73
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER RECYCLING/REUSE
(See ad page 10)
CULTEC Inc
Diversied Technologies Services Inc
ErtelAlsop
Filtronics Inc
Innitex Inc
Solutions
LCI Corp
Mktg Inc
SFC Umwelttechnik GmbH
(See ad page 67)
FILTRATION, CROSSFLOW
Innosep Co Ltd
Kraissl Co Inc
LCI Corp
Porex Filtration
FITTINGS & CONNECTORS
Amphenol Industrial Operations
Green Leaf Inc
HammerTek Corp
HOBAS
(See ad page 49)
Kee Safety Inc
FLOCCULANTS
FLOW MEASURING
EQUIPMENT
FS Brainard & Co
McMillan Co
FLOW MONITORING
Accusonic Technologies
ADS Environmental Services
FCI-Fluid Components International
GREENHECK
Greyline Instruments Inc
Hach Co Flow Products & Services
Corp
(See ad page 17)
FLOW MONITORING, OPEN
CHANNEL
FLOW MONITORING,
TRANSIT TIME
Turner Designs Inc
FLOW SENSORS
FS Brainard & Co
Kavlico
McMillan Co
Sensortechnics GmbH
FLOWMETERS
Hoffer Flow Controls
McMillan Co
FLUORESCENCE
Idaho Technology Inc
Turner Designs Inc
GAS MONITORS &
DETECTORS
Draeger Safety Inc
ENMET Corp
Hitech Instruments
MSA
Sierra Monitor Corp
UE Systems
GENERATORS, ELECTRIC
Alturdyne
Baldor Electric Co
(See ad page 19)
Marelli Motori SpA
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM
SOFTWARE & EQUIPMENT
XP Software
GEOTEXTILES, DRAINAGE
GRINDERS/SHREDDERS
Environment One Corp
JWC Environmental
GROUNDWATER
MONITORING
INSTRUMENTS
AMETEK-PMT Products
Hach Environmental
Measurement Specialties
Solinst Canada Ltd
Turner Designs Inc
YSI Inc
GROUNDWATER
TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Trojan Technologies
GROUTS/SEALERS
ITW DEVCON
Sylmasta ltd
HEAT EXCHANGERS
GREENHECK
HEXECO Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
HEAT RECOVERY
GREENHECK
HORIZONTAL
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
George E Failing Co (GEFCo)
IPEX USA LLC
TRACTO-TECHNIK GmbH & Co KG
HOSE/HOSE
ACCESSORIES
Green Leaf Inc
Proco Products Inc
USA BlueBook
HUMIDITY MONITORING
Elan Technical Corp
Fluke Corp
HYDRANT FLUSHING
SYSTEMS
Kupferle Foundry Co
HYDRANTS & RELATED
FITTINGS
Kupferle Foundry Co
Trumbull Industries
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
CONTROL
(See ad page 36)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
MONITORING
(See ad page 7)
ATI-UK
ENMET Corp
Sierra Monitor Corp
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
REMOVAL EQUIPMENT
(See ad page 36)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
INCINERATORS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER RECOVERY
Dresser ROOTS
FLUIDRA
(See ad page 12)
Testori SpA
(See ad page 8)
INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER
RECYCLING/REUSE
(See ad page 10)
Aquatech
Cadagua S A
(See ad page 55)
Hydranautics
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
Innitex Inc
Johlin Measurement Ltd
Miller-Leaman Inc
Ondeo Industrial Solutions
Products...
74
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Schreiber LLC
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Technologies
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
AllMax Software Inc
Labtronics Inc
XP Software
INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
XP Software
INJECTION EQUIPMENT
(See ad page 60)
INSTRUMENT TEST &
CALIBRATION PRODUCTS
Ashcroft Inc
HM Digital Inc
MSA
Sherborne Sensors
UE Systems
INSTRUMENTATION
Advanced Telemetry Systems
International Inc (ATSI)
AllMax Software Inc
AMETEK-PMT Products
CheckLight
DASCOR Inc
& Technologies
ITS Europe
Real Tech Inc
Sherborne Sensors
Corp
(See ad page 17)
TEMP-PRO Inc
ION EXCHANGE
EQUIPMENT
Aquatech
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ION EXCHANGE RESINS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
2000
IRON REMOVAL SYSTEMS
& EQUIPMENT
Mktg Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
LAB SAMPLING,
MONITORING
Hach Co
HF Scientic Inc
Real Tech Inc
LABORATORY
EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES
GREENHECK
Hach Co
K-SUN Corp/MaxiSoft
Labt Pty Ltd
USA BlueBook
LABORATORY
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Labtronics Inc
LEAK DETECTION
EQUIPMENT
MSA
UE Systems
LEVEL INDICATORS
AMETEK-PMT Products
JOWA USA Inc
Keller America Inc
Monitor Technologies LLC
ROCTEST
Solinst Canada Ltd
LEVEL MONITORING
AMETEK-PMT Products
Gems Sensors & Controls
Hach Environmental
Hawk Measurement
JOWA USA Inc
Keller America Inc
Solid Applied Technologies Ltd
LEVEL, SUBMERSIBLE
TRANSMITTER
AMETEK Drexelbrook
AMETEK-PMT Products
MultiTrode Inc USA
Sensortechnics GmbH
Corp
(See ad page 17)
LIFT STATIONS
Gorman-Rupp Co
Reliner/Duran Inc
Xerxes Corp
LINERS
Seal Master Corp
LIQUID LEVEL SENSORS
AMETEK-PMT Products
Hawk Measurement
JOWA USA Inc
Sensortechnics GmbH
Corp
(See ad page 17)
LIQUID/SOLID
SEPARATION EQUIPMENT
Solutions
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MAINTENANCE
EQUIPMENT
Balmac Inc
Fixturlaser AB
Ludeca Inc
Sioux Corp
MAINTENANCE
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
AllMax Software Inc
ControlSoft Inc
MANGANESE GREENSAND
Inversand Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MANGANESE REMOVAL
EQUIPMENT
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MANHOLES & RELATED
PRODUCTS
Sauereisen Inc
MEMBRANE
BIOREACTORS
Aquabio Ltd
MEMBRANE CLEANING
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MEMBRANE TREATMENT
SYSTEMS
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MEMBRANES
(See ad page 10)
The Dow Chemical Co
Hydranautics
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
inge AG watertechnologies AG
NanoH2O Inc
(See ad page 45)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MEMBRANES,
MICROFILTRATION
Hydranautics
75
MOTORS, ELECTRIC
Innosep Co Ltd
Porex Filtration
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MEMBRANES,
NANOFILTRATION
Hydranautics
MEMBRANES, REVERSE
OSMOSIS
The Dow Chemical Co
Genesys International Ltd
Hydranautics
NanoH2O Inc
(See ad page 45)
MEMBRANES,
ULTRAFILTRATION
ENPRESS LLC
Hydranautics
Innosep Co Ltd
LCI Corp
Smith & Loveless Inc
METER READING
INSTRUMENTS
KP Electronics Inc
Metron-Farnier/Transparent
Technologies
METER READING
PRODUCTS, AUTOMATIC
FS Brainard & Co
KP Electronics Inc
Technologies
Mueller Systems
Neptune Technology Group Inc
METER READING
SYSTEMS
KP Electronics Inc
Technologies
METERS & RELATED
EQUIPMENT
HM Digital Inc
Technologies
Primary Fluid Systems Inc
Virtual Extension Inc
METERS, COMPOUND
Mueller Systems
METERS, CONDUCTIVITY
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
METERS, DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE
McCrometer Inc
Schneider Electric, Telemetry &
Remote SCADA Solutions
METERS, DOPPLER
METERS, FLOW
Badger Meter Europa GmbH
Blue-White Industries
IETG
Isoil Industria
McCrometer Inc
McMillan Co
MSR Magmeter
Mueller Systems
METERS, MAGNETIC
Isoil Industria
McCrometer Inc
METERS, PH
HM Digital Inc
Myron L Co
METERS, SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
METERS, TURBINE
McMillan Co
Mueller Systems
METERS, ULTRASONIC
IETG
Isoil Industria
METERS, WATER
Isoil Industria
McCrometer Inc
Technologies
Mueller Systems
USA BlueBook
METHANE MONITORING
(See ad page 7)
ATI-UK
MICROBIOLOGICAL
TESTING
LaMotte Co
MICROFILTRATION
LCI Corp
Porex Filtration
MIXING EQUIPMENT &
AGITATORS
(See ad page 10)
ITT Flygt AB
(See ad page 9)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SolarBee Inc
(See ad page 60)
MOBILE/EMERGENCY
WATER PURIFICATION
SYSTEMS
Envipure Pte Ltd
(See ad page 11)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
MODELING SOFTWARE
XP Software
MONITORING
Draeger Safety Inc
FLUIDRA
(See ad page 12)
Ludeca Inc
Phonetics Inc
Real Tech Inc
MONITORING
INSTRUMENTS
AMETEK Drexelbrook
Automata Inc
BobAlert
CheckLight
IETG
Neosens SA
Real Tech Inc
MOTOR CONTROLS
Schneider Electric
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Vacon Plc
MOTOR SPEED CONTROL
Schneider Electric
MOTORS, ADJUSTABLE
SPEED DRIVE
Baldor Electric Co
(See ad page 19)
Vacon Plc
MOTORS, ELECTRIC
Marelli Motori SpA
Nord Drivesystems
(See ad page 5)
Products...
76
MULTIPARAMETER SENSORS
MULTIPARAMETER
SENSORS
CHEMetrics Inc
Hach Environmental
YSI Inc
NITRATE REMOVAL
Aquabio Ltd
Bio-Microbics Inc
Purolite
Corp
(See ad page 17)
NITROGEN MONITORING
ASA Analytics
Draeger Safety Inc
ODOR CONTROL
CHEMICALS
BCR Environmental
Odor Management Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS
(See ad page 36)
Calgon Carbon Corp
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
(See ad page 20)
McGill AirClean LLC
Odor Management Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SolarBee Inc
Technologies
ODOR MANAGEMENT
IPEX USA LLC
Odor Management Inc
Yankee Plastic Co
OIL/WATER SEPARATORS
& SKIMMERS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ON SITE WASTEWATER
SYSTEMS
ACWA Services Ltd
Innitex Inc
OPERATIONS &
MAINTENANCE SOFTWARE
(O&M)
Itron Inc
Wonderware
ORP MONITORING
ATI-UK
HF Scientic Inc
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
OZONATION EQUIPMENT
& SYSTEMS
Pacic Ozone Technology
Sierra Monitor Corp
(See ad page 60)
WEDECO-a brand of ITT
Water & Wastewater
(See ad page 31)
OZONE DESTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
atg UV Technology
PACKAGE TREATMENT
SYSTEMS, DRINKING
WATER
Filtronics Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PACKAGE TREATMENT
SYSTEMS, WASTEWATER
Headworks Bio Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PACKING MEDIA, TOWERS
& SCRUBBERS
McGill AirClean LLC
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PARTICLE COUNTERS
Fluke Corp
PH MONITORING
ATI-UK
HF Scientic Inc
LaMotte Co
Myron L Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PHOTOMETRIC
EQUIPMENT
ITS Europe
Real Tech Inc
PIPE CLEANING
EQUIPMENT
Goodway Technologies Corp
RIDGID
PIPE COUPLINGS
Green Leaf Inc
HammerTek Corp
HOBAS
(See ad page 49)
The Pipe Line Development Co
Robar Industries Ltd
Seal Master Corp
PIPE FITTINGS &
ACCESSORIES
Cepex
Fabricated Plastics Ltd
Georg Fischer Piping Systems Ltd
HammerTek Corp
Reliner/Duran Inc
PIPE INSPECTION &
CLEANING EQUIPMENT
CUES
RIDGID
PIPE JOINT RESTRAINTS
BobAlert
Trumbull Industries
PIPE JOINTS
Proco Products Inc
PIPE REPAIR PRODUCTS
ITW DEVCON
Karl Weiss Technologies
RIDGID
Sylmasta ltd
Thermoplastic Valves Inc
PIPE SADDLES
Reed Manufacturing Co
(See ad page 37)
PIPE TOOLS
Lowell Corp
(See ad page 37)
RIDGID
Trumbull Industries
PIPE, EXPANSION JOINTS
PIPE, FIBERGLASS
US Composite Pipe South LLC
PIPE, GASKETS & SEALS
Proco Products Inc
Seal Master Corp
Sylmasta ltd
PIPE, STEEL
American Cast Iron Pipe Co
PRESSURE MONITORING
AMETEK-PMT Products
Ashcroft Inc
C J Enterprises
Kavlico
Keller America Inc
ROCTEST
(Netherlands) BV
PRESSURE RECORDERS
AMETEK-PMT Products
FS Brainard & Co
PRESSURE SENSORS
C J Enterprises
Kavlico
ROCTEST
Sensortechnics GmbH
77
Products...
PUMPS, RECIPROCATING
PRESSURE VESSELS
ENPRESS LLC
PRESSURE WASHERS
Sioux Corp
PROBES, SENSORS &
TRANSDUCERS
C J Enterprises
Keller America Inc
Solinst Canada Ltd
PROCESS CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
Harold Beck & Sons Inc
Rotork Controls Ltd
Thermoteknix Systems
PROCESS CONTROL
INSTRUMENTATION
Acromag Inc
Dwyer Instruments Inc
Hardy Instruments
MSR Magmeter
Real Tech Inc
RKC Instrument
Corp
(See ad page 17)
S-Products Inc
PROCESS CONTROL
SOFTWARE
ControlSoft Inc
Wonderware
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLERS
H&L Instruments LLC
Schneider Electric
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
ITW DEVCON
Sauereisen Inc
PUMP CONTROLS
ABS Group (Cardo Flow
Solutions)
(See ad page 39)
Automata Inc
MultiTrode Inc USA
Vacon Plc
PUMP STATIONS
Gorman-Rupp Co
National Pump Co
Patterson Pump Co
PUMPING SYSTEMS,
STANDBY
Godwin Pumps
(See ad page 13)
Gorman-Rupp Co
Milton Roy Co
PUMPS & RELATED
PRODUCTS
Solutions)
(See ad page 39)
Hydra-Cell Industrial Pumps
Milton Roy Co
Moyno Inc
Selwood Pumps Ltd
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
(See ad page 53)
USA BlueBook
PUMPS, BOILER FEED
National Oilwell Varco
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
PUMPS, BYPASS
Godwin Pumps
(See ad page 13)
Gorman-Rupp Co
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
PUMPS, CENTRIFUGAL
CLYDEUNION Pumps
Flint & Walling Inc
Gorman-Rupp Co
ITT Goulds Pumps
KSB Aktiengesellschaft
National Pump Co
Patterson Pump Co
Selwood Pumps Ltd
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
(See ad page 53)
Vanton Pump & Equipment Corp
PUMPS, CHEMICAL FEED
ITT Goulds Pumps
Milton Roy Co
Stenner Pump Co
Watson-Marlow Pumps Group
PUMPS, CHEMICAL
METERING
Milton Roy Co
Moyno Inc
Stenner Pump Co
PUMPS, DIAPHRAGM
Gardner Denver Thomas
GmbH
(See ad page 51)
Milton Roy Co
Penn Valley Pump Co
PUMPS, GRINDER/
CHOPPER
Liberty Pumps
Moyno Inc
Weir Specialty Pumps
PUMPS, GROUNDWATER
Pumpex
Solinst Canada Ltd
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
PUMPS, HIGH PRESSURE
CLYDEUNION Pumps
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
PUMPS, INDUSTRIAL
Gorman-Rupp Co
ITT Flygt AB
(See ad page 9)
PUMPS, LIFT STATION
Godwin Pumps
(See ad page 13)
PUMPS, METERING
Larox Flowsys Oy
Moyno Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Stenner Pump Co
PUMPS, PERISTALTIC
GmbH
(See ad page 51)
Larox Flowsys Oy
Ragazzini srl
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Stenner Pump Co
PUMPS, PLUNGER
Komline-Sanderson
PUMPS, PORTABLE
Solutions)
(See ad page 39)
Pumpex
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
PUMPS, PROPELLER
Fairbanks Morse Pump
Patterson Pump Co
PUMPS, RECIPROCATING
CLYDEUNION Pumps
Selwood Pumps Ltd
Products...
78
PUMPS, SCREW
PUMPS, SCREW
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PUMPS, SLUDGE
Godwin Pumps
(See ad page 13)
Komline-Sanderson
Moyno Inc
Penn Valley Pump Co
Pumpex
Schwing Bioset Inc
SRS Crisafulli Inc
PUMPS, SOLIDS
HANDLING
Gorman-Rupp Co
ITT Goulds Pumps
Liberty Pumps
Moyno Inc
Patterson Pump Co
Penn Valley Pump Co
Selwood Pumps Ltd
SRS Crisafulli Inc
PUMPS, SUBMERSIBLE
Solutions)
(See ad page 39)
Caprari SpA
(See ad page CV4)
Flint & Walling Inc
Godwin Pumps
(See ad page 13)
Gorman-Rupp Co
National Pump Co
Pumpex
Selwood Pumps Ltd
SRS Crisafulli Inc
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
(See ad page 53)
PUMPS, SUMP
ITT Goulds Pumps
Liberty Pumps
PUMPS, TURBINE
National Pump Co
PUMPS, VACUUM
Schutte & Koerting
PUMPS, VERTICAL
ITT Goulds Pumps
National Pump Co
SRS Crisafulli Inc
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
RADIOS, REMOTE
MONITORING
Corp
(See ad page 17)
REGULATORY REPORTING
SOFTWARE
Discerning Systems Inc
Wonderware
REMOTE MONITORING
SYSTEMS
BobAlert
MultiTrode Inc USA
RESINS
Purolite
Corp
(See ad page 17)
RESINS, ANION
Purolite
Corp
(See ad page 17)
RESINS, CATION
Purolite
Corp
(See ad page 17)
RESINS, ION EXCHANGE
The Dow Chemical Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
REVERSE OSMOSIS
EQUIPMENT
Aqualyng AS
(See ad page 62)
Innosep Co Ltd
Corp
(See ad page 17)
REVERSE OSMOSIS/
OZONE SYSTEMS
Aqualyng AS
(See ad page 62)
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
Chloride Systems
DEHN Inc
Draeger Safety Inc
& Technologies
Kee Safety Inc
LightGuard
ROBO-CONTROL
Showers & Eyebaths Services
Sur-loc Inc
Vacuworx International
(See ad page 79)
Vigil Antislip
SAFETY, SIGNS, LABELS,
TAGS
Almetek Industries Inc
Chloride Systems
K-SUN Corp/MaxiSoft
LightGuard
Quantum Marketing Group
SAMPLING & ANALYZING
EQUIPMENT &
INSTRUMENTATION
ASA Analytics
Kupferle Foundry Co
Labt Pty Ltd
Real Tech Inc
SAND & GRAVEL
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SCADA EQUIPMENT &
SYSTEMS
(See ad page 10)
BCR Environmental
H&L Instruments LLC
MultiTrode Inc USA
Phonetics Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Sipos Aktorik
TC Communications
SCALES, WEIGHING
EQUIPMENT
Force Flow
(See ad page 35)
Hardy Instruments
SCREENING SYSTEMS
Headworks Bio Inc
SCREENS, BAR
Headworks Bio Inc
JWC Environmental
SCREENS, FINE
Headworks Bio Inc
JWC Environmental
SCREENS, ROTARY
Headworks Bio Inc
JWC Environmental
SCREENS, TRAVELING
JWC Environmental
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SCREENS, WATER/
WASTEWATER
Headworks Bio Inc
JWC Environmental
Schreiber LLC
SCRUBBERS
McGill AirClean LLC
Schutte & Koerting
79
Products... Services...
SPILL CONTROL PRODUCTS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Yankee Plastic Co
SECURITY PRODUCTS
Chloride Systems
Hach Homeland Security
Technologies
K-SUN Corp/MaxiSoft
LightGuard
SENSORS
Kavlico
Keller America Inc
SEPARATORS,
CENTRIFUGAL
Solutions
SEPARATORS, OIL &
GREASE
Highland Tank and Manufacturing
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SEPARATORS, SAND
Solutions
SEQUENCING BATCH
REACTORS
(See ad page 10)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SIGNS
Chloride Systems
LightGuard
SLUDGE BLANKET LEVEL
DETECTORS
AMETEK Drexelbrook
Hawk Measurement
SLUDGE DIGESTER
COVERS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SLUDGE DIGESTERS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SLUDGE DRYING
EQUIPMENT
AK International
ANDRITZ AG
Komline-Sanderson
Schwing Bioset Inc
SLUDGE HEATING
Komline-Sanderson
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SLUDGE OXIDATION
EQUIPMENT
SLUDGE PROCESSING
Franklin Miller Inc
SLUDGE THICKENERS
ANDRITZ AG
Komline-Sanderson
SLUDGE, PUMPS
Komline-Sanderson
Penn Valley Pump Co
Schwing Bioset Inc
SOFTWARE
Labtronics Inc
SPILL CONTROL PRODUCTS
Not only is the Vacuworx Lifting
System the safest way to move
pipe, plate, or concrete in the
world, it is also the most ecient
way. 10 times faster than
traditional lifting methods and
with a minimum of 2 less
employees. Keep your employ-
ees safe, your prots high, and
remember... dont settle for an
imitator, demand the originator,
Vacuworx... the safest, fastest,
and smartest way to handle
material in the eld.
+1-918-259-3050
requests@vacuworx.com
www.vacuworx.com
10105 E. 55th Place
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74146
USA
Products...
80
STEAM CLEANING SYSTEMS
STEAM CLEANING
SYSTEMS
Sioux Corp
STORMWATER DETENTION
CULTEC Inc
EcoRain Systems
STORMWATER FILTRATION
EcoRain Systems
Miller-Leaman Inc
STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
Caprari SpA
(See ad page CV4)
CULTEC Inc
EcoRain Systems
STORMWATER
MONITORING EQUIPMENT
YSI Inc
STORMWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Bio-Microbics Inc
IPEX USA LLC
STREAMING CURRENT
MONITORS, ON-LINE
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SWITCHES
Cummins Power Generation Inc
Sherborne Sensors
SWITCHES, FLOW
SWITCHES, LIQUID LEVEL
Sensortechnics GmbH
SWITCHES, PRESSURE
Ashcroft Inc
C J Enterprises
SWITCHES,
TEMPERATURE
Eurotherm Brand
TANK COVERS
DLM Plastics
Tank Connection Afliate Group
Temcor
TANK COVERS, ALUMINUM
CST Industries
Temcor
TANK COVERS, FLOATING
Corp
(See ad page 17)
TANK INSPECTION
H2M
TANK LININGS,
WATERPROOFING
DLM Plastics
TANKS
CST Industries
DYK Inc
GLS Tanks International GmbH
Superior Tank Co Inc
TANKS, BRINE,
FIBERGLASS
Design Tanks LLC
TANKS, CHEMICAL
STORAGE
Design Tanks LLC
Modutank Inc
TANKS, CUSTOM-MADE
HOBAS
(See ad page 49)
Yankee Plastic Co
TANKS, FIBERGLASS
Design Tanks LLC
ENPRESS LLC
Xerxes Corp
TANKS, STEEL
CST Industries
TANKS, WASTEWATER
Caprari SpA
(See ad page CV4)
CST Industries
Design Tanks LLC
DYK Inc
Modutank Inc
Xerxes Corp
TANKS, WATER STORAGE
CST Industries
Design Tanks LLC
DYK Inc
EcoRain Systems
Modutank Inc
Xerxes Corp
TASTE & ODOR REMOVAL
BCR Environmental
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Trojan Technologies
TDS INDICATORS
HM Digital Inc
LaMotte Co
TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
BobAlert
MultiTrode Inc USA
TC Communications
TEMPERATURE
INDICATORS & LOGGERS
Fluke Corp
TEMPERATURE
MONITORING
Ashcroft Inc
Elan Technical Corp
ROCTEST
S-Products Inc
TEMP-PRO Inc
TESTING EQUIPMENT
KITS
CheckLight
CHEMetrics Inc
Hach Co
ITS Europe
Taylor Technologies Inc
TITRATION
Labt Pty Ltd
LaMotte Co
TOC, TOD MONITORING
Shimadzu Europa GmbH
TRAINING, WATER &
WASTEWATER OPERATOR
TRANSDUCERS
Ashcroft Inc
DASCOR Inc
Elan Technical Corp
S-Products Inc
TRANSMITTERS,
PNEUMATIC, ELECTRIC
Elan Technical Corp
S-Products Inc
TRENCHLESS
TECHNOLOGIES
Pure Technologies Ltd
81
VALVES, WATER FLOW CONTROL
TUBES, TUBE FITTINGS,
BRASS OR OTHER METALS
HammerTek Corp
Kee Safety Inc
Valtimet
TURBIDIMETERS
HF Scientic Inc
LaMotte Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Turner Designs Inc
TURBIDITY MONITORING
HF Scientic Inc
LaMotte Co
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ULTRAFILTRATION
SYSTEMS
ENPRESS LLC
Innosep Co Ltd
Miller-Leaman Inc
(See ad page 67)
ULTRAPURE WATER
SYSTEMS
Envipure Pte Ltd
(See ad page 11)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
ULTRASONIC
FLOWMETERS
ULTRAVIOLET (UV)
DISINFECTION
EQUIPMENT
atg UV Technology
Calgon Carbon Corp
LIT-UV Europe
SANIPRO
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Trojan Technologies
Water & Wastewater
(See ad page 31)
ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LAMP
POWER SUPPLIES
SANIPRO
ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LAMPS
LIT-UV Europe
SANIPRO
Corp
(See ad page 17)
VALVE ACTUATORS
Amri Inc - A KSB Co
AUMA Riester GmbH Co KG
(See ad page 65)
(See ad page 25)
KOSO America Inc
Lowell Corp
ROBO-CONTROL
Rotork Controls Ltd
Sipos Aktorik
VALVE OPERATORS &
CONTROLS
ROBO-CONTROL
Trumbull Industries
VALVES
Advanced Valve Technologies Inc
Amri Inc - A KSB Co
AY McDonald Mfg Co
Jordan Valve
KOSO America Inc
Patterson Pump Co
VALVES, AIR
PEBCO Inc
Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing
Corp
VALVES, AUTOMATIC
Kupferle Foundry Co
Larox Flowsys Oy
Singer Valve Inc
VALVES, BALL
AY McDonald Mfg Co
Caprari SpA
(See ad page CV4)
Cepex
Green Leaf Inc
(See ad page 25)
Henry Pratt
Richards Industries
Corp
Valvotubi Ind SRL
VALVES, BUTTERFLY
Amri Inc - A KSB Co
BV Proinval sa
Cepex
(See ad page 25)
Henry Pratt
Rodney Hunt Co
VALVES, CHECK
AY McDonald Mfg Co
Caprari SpA
(See ad page CV4)
Henry Pratt
OCV Control Valves
Proco Products Inc
Schutte & Koerting
Corp
Valvotubi Ind SRL
VALVES, CONE
Henry Pratt
Rodney Hunt Co
VALVES, CONTROL
Jordan Valve
KOSO America Inc
Larox Flowsys Oy
PEBCO Inc
Richards Industries
Rodney Hunt Co
Singer Valve Inc
VALVES, DIAPHRAGM
Richards Industries
Singer Valve Inc
Valvotubi Ind SRL
VALVES, EPOXY LINED
Singer Valve Inc
Corp
VALVES, GATE
Advanced Valve Technologies Inc
BV Proinval sa
PEBCO Inc
Valvotubi Ind SRL
VALVES, GLOBE
Jordan Valve
KOSO America Inc
Valvotubi Ind SRL
VALVES, KNIFE GATE
BV Proinval sa
PEBCO Inc
VALVES, MULTIPORT
(See ad page 25)
Richards Industries
VALVES, PINCH
Larox Flowsys Oy
VALVES, PLASTIC
Cepex
Green Leaf Inc
(See ad page 25)
VALVES, PLUG
AY McDonald Mfg Co
Henry Pratt
VALVES, PRESSURE
REGULATING
(See ad page 25)
Jordan Valve
Richards Industries
VALVES, PRESSURE
RELIEF
Schutte & Koerting
VALVES, RESILIENT SEAT
Amri Inc - A KSB Co
VALVES, SOLENOID
OCV Control Valves
VALVES, WATER FLOW
CONTROL
Products...
82
WASTEWATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
OCV Control Valves
Rotork Controls Ltd
Singer Valve Inc
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
Solutions)
(See ad page 39)
ACWA Services Ltd
AK International
(See ad page 10)
Bio-Microbics Inc
CULTEC Inc
International)
(See ad page 49)
Franklin Miller Inc
GE Power & Water
Hach Co
Headworks Bio Inc
Innitex Inc
JWC Environmental
NEFCO Inc
Paques BV
(See ad page 67)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SolarBee Inc
Testori SpA
(See ad page 8)
Trojan Technologies
Technologies
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEMS,
PACKAGED
Bio-Microbics Inc
Envipure Pte Ltd
(See ad page 11)
Headworks Bio Inc
Paques BV
(See ad page 67)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Technologies
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, OTHER
AK International
Cambi AS
Dresser ROOTS
Hydranautics
WATER CONSERVATION
DEVICES
FLUIDRA
(See ad page 12)
WATER QUALITY
MONITORING EQUIPMENT
(See ad page 7)
ATI-UK
CheckLight
CHEMetrics Inc
& Technologies
Technologies
HF Scientic Inc
HM Digital Inc
Labt Pty Ltd
LaMotte Co
Myron L Co
Neosens SA
Ltd
Real Tech Inc
YSI Inc
WATER QUALITY TESTING
SUPPLIES
CheckLight
DASCOR Inc
Technologies
ITS Europe
WATER TREATMENT
EQUIPMENT
ACWA Services Ltd
AllMax Software Inc
atg UV Technology
Degremont
(See ad page 33)
ENPRESS LLC
Force Flow
(See ad page 35)
GE Power & Water
LMI Milton Roy
Paques BV
Corp
(See ad page 17)
Trojan Technologies
WATER TREATMENT
SYSTEMS
ACWA Services Ltd
Degremont
(See ad page 33)
Envipure Pte Ltd
(See ad page 11)
GE Power & Water
Paques BV
(See ad page 67)
Corp
(See ad page 17)
WATER TREATMENT,
OTHER
Chemviron Carbon
Hydranautics
Membrana
(See ad page 15)
WEIGHING EQUIPMENT
Force Flow
(See ad page 35)
Hardy Instruments
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
WIRELESS MONITORING
BobAlert
Phonetics Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
83
BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT
BCR Environmental
In-Pipe Technology Co Inc
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd
COMPUTER
CONSULTANTS,
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Craneld University
H2M
MarTech Systems Inc
Testori SpA
(See ad page 8)
CONSULTANTS, WATER
TREATMENT
Craneld University
H2M
MarTech Systems Inc
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Alturdyne
Design Engineering Analysis Corp
George H Bodman Inc
H2M
Itron Inc
Kelcroft E&M Ltd
MarTech Systems Inc
CONTRACT OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE
Dukes Root Control Inc
Fixturlaser AB
MyWaterPlantJobs.com
Schwing Bioset Inc
CORROSION CONTROL
Inc
Corp
(See ad page 17)
DESIGN/BUILD
ACWA Services Ltd
Air Water Treatment SL
Cadagua S A
(See ad page 55)
Schwing Bioset Inc
DEWATERING
Fluid Technology Inc
DRINKING WATER
TREATMENT
ACWA Services Ltd
Cadagua S A
(See ad page 55)
Degremont
(See ad page 33)
Rotork Controls Ltd
EDUCATION, TRAINING
Craneld University
Going Green Eco-Solutions
UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water
Education
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Itron Inc
ENGINEERING &
CONSULTING
Craneld University
International)
(See ad page 49)
George H Bodman Inc
Innovative Processing Solutions
Itron Inc
Kelcroft E&M Ltd
FILTRATION
Corp
(See ad page 17)
LEAK DETECTION
METER READING
Itron Inc
KP Electronics Inc
MONITORING
IETG
Red Acoustics Ltd
OPERATIONS &
MAINTENANCE
Fixturlaser AB
Hyux Ltd
(See ad page CV2)
PILOT STUDIES & PLANTS
Corp
(See ad page 17)
PIPE INSPECTION
PREDICTIVE
MAINTENANCE, TESTING
ControlSoft Inc
Fixturlaser AB
PRETREATMENT
PROGRAMS
Nalco
PROCESS WATER
TREATMENT
The Dow Chemical Co
PUMP MAINTENANCE
CLYDEUNION Pumps
Fixturlaser AB
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
(See ad page 53)
RISK MANAGEMENT
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SLUDGE DEWATERING
Corp
(See ad page 17)
SLUDGE REMOVAL
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
AK International
Aquabio Ltd
Cadagua S A
(See ad page 55)
Craneld University
International)
(See ad page 49)
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
(See ad page 20)
Nalco
Rotork Controls Ltd
Corp
(See ad page 17)
WATER RECYCLING/
REUSE
ACWA Services Ltd
Aquabio Ltd
Corp
(See ad page 17)
WATER SUPPLY
CONSULTANTS
H2M
WATER TREATMENT
SERVICES
MarTech Systems Inc
Nalco
Products...
84
ABB France
10 Rue Ampere, Zone Industrielle, BP
114, Chassieu, Cedex, Rhne
F-69680 France; www.abb.com
Provides power and automation
technologies that enable utility and
industry customers to improve their
performance while lowering environ-
mental impact.
(See ad page 23)
ABB Pte Ltd
www.abb.com/powergeneration
Solutions)
Roskildevagen 1, PO Box 394, Malmo
201 23 Sweden; www.absgroup.com
Provides solutions for wastewa-
ter transport and collection with a
complete product portfolio of pumps,
mixers, aerators, compressors,
control and monitoring equipment and
services.
(See ad page 39)
Absolute Process
Instruments Inc
www.api-usa.com
www.accusonic.com
www.aclara.com
Acromag Inc
www.acromag.com
ACWA Services Ltd
www.acwa.co.uk
www.adsenv.com
www.atsionline.com
Advanced Valve
Technologies Inc
www.avtttings.com
www.apsonline.com
Aeration Industries
International
4100 Peavey Rd, Chaska, MN 55318,
USA; www.aireo2.com
Designs and manufactures process
aeration/mixers and advanced
wastewater treatment systems to
the municipal and industrial markets
worldwide providing customized
treatment solutions.
www.agivalves.com
www.airmasteraerator.com
AIRVAC Inc
200 Tower Dr, Suite A, Oldsmar, FL
34677, USA; www.airvac.com
Offers vacuum valves, valve pits and
vacuum station equipment as well as
a full range of services relating to the
design, construction and operation of
vacuum sewer systems.
(See ad page 29)
www.ufbaf.com
AK International
681-33 St, MyungRyun-XDong,
Donghae-Gu, Busan Korea;
www.akoin.co.kr
Alldos Eichler GmbH
www.grundfosalldos.com
AllMax Software Inc
www.allmaxsoftware.com
www.almetek.com
Alturdyne
www.alturdyne.com
www.acipco.com
AMETEK Drexelbrook
www.drexelbrook.com
AMETEK-PMT Products
www.ametekpmt.com
2220 Celsius Ave, Oxnard, CA 93030,
USA; www.amiadusa.com
Supplies water ltration systems,
including automatic self-cleaning
lters, disc lters, manual lters
and accessories for the industrial,
municipal, commercial and irrigation
markets.
Amitech Germany GmbH
Am Fuchsloch 19, Mochau OT,
Grossteinbach 04720 Germany;
www.amitech-germany.de
Provides customers throughout the
world with pipe solutions for water,
sewage, gas, oil and industrial
applications as well as with pipe
technologies, water management
services and quality building materials.
Amphenol Industrial
Operations
www.amphenol-industrial.com
Amri Inc - A KSB Co
2045 Silber Rd, Houston, TX 77055,
USA; www.amrivalves.com
www.ksb.com
Offers resilient seated buttery valves
and automation. Features include
1.5160 diameters, full-rated end-
of-line services, lug and wafer bodies
and unique amring elastomer body
liners. Offers global reach with local
presence.
www.analyticalmeasurements.com
6 Iron Bridge Dr, Collegeville, PA
19426, USA;
www.analyticaltechnology.com
Manufactures a complete line of toxic,
combustible and general gas detec-
tors and also offers a line of water-
quality instrumentation.
(See ad page 7)
ANDRITZ AG
Stattegger Strasse 18, Graz A-8045
Austria; www.andritz.com/ep
Provides drying and incineration plants
for sludge and biomass.
APG-Neuros Inc
www.apg-neuros.com
6306 N Alpine Rd, Loves Park, IL
61111, USA; www.aqua-aerobic.com
Manufactures wastewater treatment
equipment, including aerators, dif-
fusers, mixers, batch reactors, lters,
membrane systems, controls and
after-market products for both munici-
pal and industrial markets worldwide.
(See ad page 10)
Aquabio Ltd
www.aquabio.co.uk
Aqualyng AS
Lyng Industrial Pk, Vanvikan N-7125
Norway; www.aqualyng.com
(See ad page 62)
Aquatech
www.aquatech.com
www.azic.com
www.armatek.com
ASA Analytics
2325 Parklawn Dr, Suite I,
Waukesha, WI 53186, USA;
www.asaanalytics.com
www.asmfab.com
www.as-h.com
Ashcroft Inc
www.ashcroft.com
atg UV Technology
Genesis House, Wigan, Greater
Manchester WN5 8AA, UK;
www.atguv.com
Manufactures UV disinfection/
treatment systems for municipal
wastewater and drinking water
disinfection, process and industrial
water treatment and swimming pool
applications.
ATI-UK
www.analyticaltechnology.com
Atlas Copco
PO Box 104, Bommseteenweg 957,
Wilrijk B-2610 Belgium;
www.atlascopco.be
(See ad page 47)
AUMA Riester GmbH Co KG
Aumastrasse 1, Muellheim,
Baden-Wuertemberg D-79379
Germany; www.auma.com
Manufactures electric actuators, con-
trols and gearboxes for the automation
of valves in the water and wastewater
industry; global service network.
(See ad page 65)
Automata Inc
www.automata-inc.com
www.dynatrolusa.com
www.avistatech.com
AY McDonald Mfg Co
www.aymcdonald.com
www.badgermeter.de
www.bakercorp.com
Balance Applied Engineering
www.balanceae.com
Baldor Electric Co
5711 R S Boreham Jr St, Ft Smith, AR
72901, USA; www.baldor.com
Markets, designs and manufactures
industrial electric motors, mechanical
power transmission products, drives
and generators. Supplies over 9500
customers in more than 160 indus-
tries. Member of the ABB group.
(See ad page 19)
Balmac Inc
www.balmacinc.com
85
www.barthauer.de
BASF SE
www.basf.com
BCR Environmental
www.bcrenvironmental.com
www.haroldbeck.com
www.beltcollins.com
Bio-Microbics Inc
8450 Cole Pkwy, Shawnee, KS 66227,
USA; www.biomicrobics.com
Manufactures proven, affordable and
reliable wastewater and stormwater
treatment products that provide
solutions for decentralized homes,
communities, commercial, and marine
properties and stormwater treatment
applications.
7496 Wellington Rd 34, RR #3,
Guelph, ON N1H 6H9, Canada;
www.biorem.biz
Designs, manufactures and distributes
a comprehensive line of high-efciency
air emissions control systems used to
eliminate odors, VOCs and hazardous
air pollutants.
(See ad page 36)
Black & Veatch Ltd
www.bv.com
Bluewater Bio
www.bluewaterbio.com
www.bluewhite.com
BobAlert
www.bobalert.com
British Water
www.britishwater.co.uk
Bry-Air Inc
www.bry-air.com
Brkert Fluid Control Systems
Christian-Brkert-Strasse 13-17,
Ingelngen 74653 Germany;
www.burkert.com
Consults in system development,
innovation and quality in uid control
systems worldwide.
BV Proinval sa
www.proinval.eu
BW Technologies by
Honeywell
www.gasmonitors.com
Cadagua S A
Gran Via 45, 7th and 8th Fls, Bilbao
48011 Spain; www.cadagua.es
Specializes in the design, construc-
tion and operation of water treatment
plants, RO desalination installations,
water, sewage and industrial wastewa-
ter treatment plants; EPC, D/B, BOO
and BOOT contracts.
(See ad page 55)
Cadar Ltd
3 The Point Business Park,
Rockingham Rd, Market Harborough
LE16 7QU, UK; www.cadar.ltd.uk
(See ad page 61)
Calgon Carbon Corp
www.calgoncarbon.com
Cambi AS
Skysstasjon 11, PO Box 78, Asker
1383 Norway; www.cambi.no
Offers a thermal hydrolysis process,
applied in 17 plants worldwide. Treats
municipal and industrial waste prior to
anaerobic digestion.
www.campbellsci.com/water-quality
Caprari SpA
Via Emilia Ovest 900, 41100 Modena
Italy; www.caprari.com
(See ad page CV4)
Cepex
Av Ramon Ciurans 40, PoI Ind
Congost-Parcel la 6, La Garriga,
Barcelona 08530 Spain;
www.cepex.com
Manufactures and distributes
uid handling equipment. The
companys product portfolio includes
thermoplastic valves and ttings in
PVC-U, PVC-C, PE, PP, ABS and
PVDF.
www.challenge-sys.com
CheckLight
www.checklight.biz
Chemdet Inc
www.chemdet.com
CHEMetrics Inc
www.chemetrics.com
www.chemtrac.com
Chemviron Carbon
www.chemvironcarbon.com
Chloride Systems
www.chloridesys.com
Christ Water Technology
Group
www.christ.com
C J Enterprises
+1-818-996-4131
www.clean-o.com
CLYDEUNION Pumps
149 Newlands Rd, Glasgow G44 4EX,
UK; www.clydeunion.com
Designs and manufactures innovative
pumping solutions for water and
industrial, nuclear and conventional
power, upstream and downstream
oil industries. Incorporates 300 years
of engineering expertise. Operates in
over 40 countries.
Continental Disc Corp
3160 W Heartland Dr, Liberty, MO
64068-3385, USA; www.contdisc.com
Manufactures rupture disc (bursting
disc) devices for a variety of process
industries, including chemical,
petrochemical, petroleum rening,
pharmaceutical, beverage, food and
dairy, aerospace, gases, electronics
and other markets worldwide.
ControlSoft Inc
www.controlsoftinc.com
www.conveyorcomponents.com
Costacurta Spa
Via Don Bartolomeo Grazioli 30,
Milano 20161 Italy; www.costacurta.it
(See ad page 2)
Craneld University
www.craneld.ac.uk/environment
www.creativepultrusions.com
Croll Reynolds Engineering
Co Inc
www.croll.com
CST Industries
9701 Renner Blvd, Suite 150, Lenexa,
KS 66219, USA; www.tanks.com
Specializes in pre-engineered glass-
lined and fusion bonded epoxy water
and wastewater storage and treatment
tanks. Applications include power,
desalination, municipal and industrial
markets.
CUES
www.cuesinc.com
CULTEC Inc
www.cultec.com
Cummins Power Generation
Inc
www.cumminspower.com/local
Danfoss A/S
Lundenvej 1, Nordborg DK 6430
Denmark; www.danfoss.com
Provides research, development
and production, sales and service
of mechanical and electronic
components for several industries.
DASCOR Inc
www.dascor.com
www.ddi-heatexchangers.com
Degremont
183 ave du 18 juin 1940,
Rueil-Malmaison, Cedex 92508 France;
www.degremont-technologies.com
Offers a unique integration of expert
companies for the municipal, industrial
and leisure markets, and a worldwide
network of water treatment equipment
providers and manufacturers.
(See ad page 33)
DEHN Inc
www.dehn-usa.com
Dematic Corp
www.dematic.us
Design Engineering
Analysis Corp
www.deac.com
Design Tanks LLC
www.designtanks.com
DHI Water & Environment
Agern Alle 5, Horsholm DK-2970
Denmark; www.dhigroup.com
Offers a wide range of consulting
services and technologies, software
tools, chemical/biological laboratories
and physical model test facilities, as
well as eld surveys and monitoring
programs.
www.discerningsystems.com
Ditch Witch
www.ditchwitch.com
Diversied Technologies
Services Inc
www.dts9000.com
www.dixonengineering.net
DLM Plastics
1530 Harvard Ave, Findlay, OH 45840,
USA; www.dlmplastics.com
Manufactures custom-made liners,
covers and bladders for tanks,
cisterns, ponds, rainwater catchment
and harvesting systems, lagoons,
secondary containment and potable
applications, including clearwell bafe
curtains for water treatment plants.
Products...
86
912 Chad Ln, Tampa, FL 33619, USA;
www.doosanhydro.com
Provides innovative water and
wastewater solutions for future
stability.
The Dow Chemical Co
2030 Dow Center, PO Box 1206,
Midland, MI 48642, USA;
www.dow.com
Provides Filmtec reverse osmosis
membranes, Dowex ion exchange
resins and Adsorbsia titanium-based
media to meet global needs for water
treatment.
Draeger Safety Inc
www.draeger.com
Dresser ROOTS
www.dresserroots.com
www.dukes.com
www.dwyer-inst.com
DYK Inc
www.dyk.com
www.eaglemicrosystems.com
www.eaglepoint.com
50 Ronson Dr, Unit 155,
Toronto, ON M9W 1B3, Canada;
www.echologics.com
EcoRain Systems
www.ecorain.com
EDI (Environmental
Dynamics International)
5601 Paris Rd, Columbia, MO 65202,
USA; www.wastewater.com
Specializes in the research, develop-
ment and application of advanced
technology aeration and biological
treatment solutions for the municipal
and industrial water and wastewater
treatment industry.
(See ad page 49)
Eijkelkamp Agrisearch
Equipment
www.eijkelkamp.com
www.glv.com
Elan Technical Corp
www.elantechnical.com
Elasto-Valve Rubber
Products Inc
www.evrproducts.com
Emerson Process
Management
200 Beta Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15238,
USA; www.emersonprocess-
powerwater.com
Supplies advanced process control
and information systems and is a
recognized leader in developing
solutions for the water and wastewater
treatment industries worldwide.
ENDETEC - Veolia Water
Solutions & Technologies
Biosciences Complex, Suite 4697, 116
Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,
Canada; www.endetec.com
Offers safe water integrity.
Technologies include: continuous
automated early warning TECTA
detection system (E.coli and total
coliform) and KAPTA, an in-line multi-
parameter low-maintenance water
sensor (chlorine and temperature).
Energy Products of Idaho
(EPI)
www.energyproducts.com
ENMET Corp
www.enmet.com
ENPRESS LLC
www.enpress.com
Envipure Pte Ltd
2 Woodlands Sector 1 #03-16,
Woodlands Spectrum 1 738068
Singapore; www.envipure.com
Designs, supplies and constructs
odor-control systems for sewage-
treatment and sludge-treatment plants.
Designs and builds plants to produce
de-mineralised water for power-plants
in water industry and ultra-pure water
for semiconductor industry.
(See ad page 11)
Environmental Leverage Inc
www.environmentalleverage.com
www.eone.com
ErtelAlsop
www.ertelalsop.com/recessed
Europelec
wwww.europelec.com
Euroslot Kdss
ZA Les Pridons, Scorb, Clairvaux
86140 France; www.euroslotkdss.com
Provides expertise across a range of
industry sectors from petrochemicals
and reneries to water treatment, ltra-
tion, food processing and the paper
industry.
(See ad page 21)
www.epiplastics04.com
www.fabricatedplastics.com
www.fmpump.com
www.farwestcorrosion.com
FB Leopold Co
www.fbleopold.com
FCH Tecnologia y
Construccion SA de CV
www.grupofch.com
FCI-Fluid Components
International
1755 La Costa Meadows Dr, San
Marcos, CA 92078, USA;
www.uidcomponents.com
Manufactures mass owmeters for
aeration systems, digester gases,
disinfection gases and ow switches/
alarms for pumps for applications in
wastewater treatment facilities.
Filtronics Inc
www.ltronics.com
www.restonebpe.com
Fixturlaser AB
www.xturlaser.com
www.excrete.com
Flint & Walling Inc
www.intandwalling.com
www.uidimaging.com
FLUIDRA
Avda Francesc Maci 60, Planta 20,
Barcelona 08208 Spain;
www.uidra.com
(See ad page 12)
www.uidtechnologyinc.com
Fluke Corp
www.uke.com
Force Flow
2430 Stanwell Dr, Concord, CA
94520-9840, USA;
www.forceow.com
Manufactures scales for monitoring
water treatment chemicals. Accurately
tracks feed rate and amount used and
remaining.
(See ad page 35)
www.forestry-suppliers.com
Franklin Miller Inc
www.franklinmiller.com
FS Brainard & Co
www.meter-master.com
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH
Stocktal 2, Mayen D-56727
Germany; www.fuchs-germany.com
Manufactures and distributes
high-quality technical products for
the treatment of wastewater (self-
aspirating aerators and mixers),
odor control systems and biosolids
digestion.
(See ad page 20)
GmbH
Gewerbegebiet Nord, Benzstrasse 28,
Pucheim D-82178 Germany;
www.gd-thomas.com
Offers a line of standard products
that can be custom designed to meet
precise application needs in air, gas
and liquid.
(See ad page 51)
GEA Westfalia Separator
GmbH
www.westfalia-separator.com
www.gemssensors.com
Genesys International Ltd
5 Kennet Dr, Congleton CW12 3RJ,
UK; www.genesysro.com
Develops and manufactures speciality
reverse osmosis (RO) membrane
chemicals, antiscalants, cleaners,
occulants and biocides.
Geomembrane
Technologies Inc
www.gticovers.com
2215 S Van Buren, PO Box 872, Enid,
OK 73703, USA; www.gefco.com
Manufactures drilling machinery for
the water well, oil and gas, mineral
exploration, mining, geothermal,
dewatering and environmental
industries.
George H Bodman Inc
www.boilercleaningdoctor.com
Georg Fischer Piping
Systems Ltd
www.piping.georgscher.com
Georg Fischer WAGA NV
www.waga.georgscher.com
87
Geotube Dewatering
Technology
www.geotube.com
GE Power & Water
www.ge.com/water
www.globaltrainingsolutions.ca
GLS Tanks International
GmbH
www.glstanks.com
Godwin Pumps
84 Floodgate Rd, Bridgeport, NJ
08014, USA; www.godwinpumps.com
Provides bypass pumping system
designs, sells and rents automatic self-
priming Dri-prime pumps, 2 to 18 in
diameter, ows to 13,500 GPM, heads
to 650 and solids handling to 5.
(See ad page 13)
Going Green Eco-Solutions
www.goinggreen.co.za
www.goodway.com
Gorman-Rupp Co
600 S Airport Rd, Manseld, OH
44903, USA; www.grpumps.com
Manufactures a line of above-, below-
ground and submersible sewage
pumping systems, including pumps,
motors, valves and controls that
can all be housed in weather-proof
berglass enclosures.
GREENHECK
www.greenheck.com
Green Leaf Inc
www.grnleanc.com
105 Water St, Massena, NY 13662,
USA; www.greyline.com
Manufactures ow and level monitoring
instruments for measurement
and control in industry, water
and wastewater treatment and
environmental monitoring. Products
are sold and supported worldwide.
Grundfos Pumps A/S
Poul Due Jensens Vej 7, Bjerringbro
DK - 8850 Denmark;
www.grundfos.com
Grundfos supplies a broad range of
equipment and solutions designed
specically for water utility applica-
tions, ensuring that water supply and
wastewater facilities meet future chal-
lenges and regulations.
(See ad page 41)
H2M
www.h2m.com
Hach Co
5600 Lindbergh Dr, Loveland, CO
80538, USA; www.hach.com
Manufactures and distributes analytical
instrumentation and reagents to test
the quality of water and other aqueous
solutions.
Hach Co Flow Products &
Services
4539 Metropolitan Ct, Frederick, MD
21704-9452, USA;
www.hachow.com
Offers Marsh-McBirney and Sigma
open-channel ow meters ideal for
the measurement of municipal and
industrial wastewater. Also offers radar
velocity/area, acoustic doppler and
electromagnetic owmeters and Data
Delivery Service (DDS).
Hach Environmental
5600 Lindbergh Dr, PO Box 389,
Loveland, CO 80539, USA;
www.hachenvironmental.com
Designs, manufactures and services
Hydrolab and OTT instruments for
monitoring environmental water quality
and level quantity.
Technologies
5600 Lindbergh Dr, PO Box 389,
Loveland, CO 80539, USA;
www.hachhst.com
Makes the GuardianBlue early
warning system certied by the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security.
17961 Sky Park Cir, Suite A,
Irvine, CA 92614, USA;
www.halogenvalve.com
Manufactures hazardous gas shutoff
systems and distributes toxic gas
detectors for water and wastewater
treatment facilities. These battery
operated systems meet all re code
requirements.
HammerTek Corp
www.hammertek.com
www.hannainst.com/usa
HaoLED Technology
www.haoled.com
Hardy Instruments
www.hardyinstruments.com
Hawk Measurement
www.hawkmeasure.com
One Hayward Industrial Dr, Clemmons,
NC 27012, USA;
www.haywardowcontrol.com
Manufactures industrial thermoplastic
valves, strainers, lters, actuation and
pumps. Offers products and solutions
that can accomodate aggressive
and corrosive environments, delicate
ecosystems or the strictest chemical
balances. ISO9001:2008 certied.
(See ad page 25)
Headworks Bio Inc
800 Wilcrest Dr, Suite 340, Houston,
TX 77042, USA;
www.headworksbio.com
Provides wastewater screening,
MBBR/IFAS biological treatment,
and tertiary ltration products to the
worldwide municipal and industrial
treatment industry.
Henry Pratt
www.henrypratt.com
www.heraeus-noblelight.com
HEXECO Inc
www.hexeco.com
HF Scientic Inc
3170 Metro Pkwy, Ft Myers, FL 33916,
USA; www.hfscientic.com
Designs and manufactures
turbidimeters, streaming current
monitors, chlorine photometers,
reagents, test kits, online
measurement probes and a variety of
other products for process, laboratory
and eld.
Highland Tank and
Manufacturing
www.highland.com
Hitech Instruments
www.hitech-inst.co.uk
H&L Instruments LLC
www.hlinstruments.com
HM Digital Inc
www.hmdigital.com
HOBAS
Pischeldorfer Strasse 128, Klagenfurt
9020 Austria; www.hobas.com
Manufactures and distributes HOBAS
CC-GRP (centrifugally cast glass
ber reinforced plastics) pipe systems
worldwide and provides production
technology and management know-
how.
(See ad page 49)
www.hofferow.com
www.hydra-cell.com
Hydranautics
www.membranes.com
Hydraulic Institute
www.pumps.org
Hydro International
www.hydro-international.biz
www.hydromantis.com
Hyux Ltd
202 Kallang Bahru, Hyux Bldg
339339 Singapore; www.hyux.com
Specializes in membrane technologies.
Provides integrated environmental so-
lutions offering a full suite of services,
including R&D, project management,
plant operation and maintenance.
(See ad page CV2)
www.idahotech.com
Hamatechet St, Hasharon Industrial
Park, Kadima 60920 Israel;
www.ide-tech.com
Develops, designs, installs and main-
tains plants for seawater desalination
and industrial concentrators. Product
line includes heat pumps and ice
machines.
IETG
www.ietg.co.uk
www.sensafe.com
Innitex Inc
www.splitter.com
inge AG Watertechnologies
AG
www.inge.ag
Innosep Co Ltd
www.innosep.co.th
Innovative Processing
Solutions
www.innovative-processing.com
www.in-pipe.com
www.vita-d-chlor.com
International Ozone
Association
www.io3a.org
Products...
88
Invensys Operations
Management-Eurotherm
Brand
741 F Miller Dr, Leesburg, VA 20175,
USA; www.iom.invensys.com
Supplies cost-effective automation
components for industrial and
laboratory applications. Products
include solid-state relays, temperature
controllers, thermocouples and other
industrial automation products.
Inversand Co
www.inversand.com
IPEX USA LLC
www.ipexamerica.com
IRT Integrated Rectier
Technologies Inc
www.irtrectier.com
Isoil Industria
via Flli Gracchi, 27, Cinisello Balsamo,
(MI) 20092 Italy; www.isoilag.eu
Itron Inc
www.itron.com
ITS Europe
www.sensafe.com
ITT Flygt AB
Gesallvagen 33, Sundbyberg 17487
Sweden; www.ygt.com
Designs and delivers energy-efcient
solutions and related services for water
and wastewater transport, biological
treatment, ltration and disinfection for
municipal and industrial customers in
more than 140 countries.
(See ad page 9)
ITT Goulds Pumps
240 Fall St, Seneca Falls, NY 13148,
USA; www.gouldspumps.com
Provides pumps, Fabri-Valve valves,
PumpSmart controls, ProSmart
monitoring, Ctreat water treatment,
Pro Services solutions and water
makers for offshore oil and gas
platforms. Also offers after market
services.
ITT Water & Wastewater-
Leopold
www.fbleopold.com
ITW DEVCON
www.devcon.com
www.johlinmeasurement.com
Jordan Valve
www.jordanvalve.com
JOWA USA Inc
www.jowa-usa.com
Justrite Manufacturing
Co LLC
www.justritemfg.com
JWC Environmental
www.jwce.com
Hegauer Weg 25, Berlin 14163
Germany; www.karl-weiss.com
Provides trenchless rehabilitation of
pressure and gravity pipelines using
the proven Starline rehabilitation and
Hydros renewal technologies for
services, mains and transmission
pipes.
Kathabar Dehumidication
Systems Inc
www.kathabar.com
Kavlico
www.kavlico.com
KDF Fluid Treatment Inc
www.kdfft.com
Kee Safety Inc
www.keesafety.com
Kelcroft E&M Ltd
www.kelcroft.com.hk
Keller America Inc
www.kelleramerica.com
Kemira Kemi AB
PO Box 902, Industrigatan 70,
Industrigatan 83, Helsingborg SE-251
09 Sweden; www.kemira.com
Manufactures water treatment
chemicals, including hydrogen
peroxide, sulphur and sodium
percarbonate.
www.kisters.net
Koch Membrane Systems
www.kochmembrane.com
Komline-Sanderson
www.komline.com
KOSO America Inc
www.kosoamerica.com
KP Electronics Inc
www.kpelectronics.com
Kraissl Co Inc
www.strainers.com
Kruger AS
www.kruger.dk
Johann-Klein Str 9, Frankenthal 67227
Germany; www.ksb.com
Services and supplies market-geared
pumps and valves for almost all
applications. Products range from
pumping systems for private rainwater
utilization, to complete equipment for
all power station processes.
K-SUN Corp/MaxiSoft
www.ksun.com
Kupferle Foundry Co
www.hydrants.com
KWH Pipe Ltd
www.kwhpipe.com
Labt Pty Ltd
www.labt.com
Labtronics Inc
www.labtronics.com
LAKOS Separators and
Filtration Solutions
www.lakos.com
LaMotte Co
www.lamotte.com
Larox Flowsys Oy
www.larox./owsys
www.lar.com
www.laynechristensen.com
LCI Corp
www.lcicorp.com
LCR Electronics
www.lcr-inc.com
Liberty Pumps
www.libertypumps.com
LightGuard
www.lightguard.com
LIT Technology
www.lit-uv.com
LIT-UV Europe
Kerkhofstraat 21, Valkenswaard 5554
HG The Netherlands; www.lit-uv.eu
Offers a range of certied UV
disinfection equipment that are used
for potable, process, waste and re-use
water and for special applications,
such as swimming pools and
aquaculture.
LMI Milton Roy
www.lmipumps.com
Lowell Corp
www.lowellcorp.com
Ludeca Inc
www.ludeca.com
Magnetics Div Global
Equipment Mktg Inc
www.globalmagnetics.com
www.magnetrol.com
Mapal Green Energy
53 Ben-Yehuda Rd, Nesher 36600
Israel; www.mapal-ge.com
Offers aeration systems and oating
ne-bubble aeration systems.
Marelli Motori SpA
www.marellimotori.com
Markland Specialty
Engineering Ltd
www.sludgecontrols.com
MarTech Systems Inc
www.martechsystems.com
McCrometer Inc
www.mccrometer.com
McGill AirClean LLC
www.mcgillairclean.com
www.mcgillairsilence.com
McMillan Co
www.mcmow.com
www.pressuresystems.com
m/e Brand Communication
GmbH GWAW
www.me-dus.com
Mega-Fabs Motion
Systems Ltd
www.mega-fabs.com
Meggitt Sensing Systems
www.meggittsensingsystems.com
Membrana
13800 S Lakes Dr, Charlotte, NC
28273, USA; www.liqui-cel.com
Offers Liqui-Cel membrane contactors
that are used for transferring gases to
and from liquids. Oxygen removal to
<1 ppb and CO
2
removal to <1 ppm
are common applications.
(See ad page 15)
Metalfab Inc
www.metalfabinc.com
Met-Pro Corp
www.met-prosystems.com
Technologies
www.metronfarnier.com
89
www.revolution-water.com
Miller-Leaman Inc
www.millerleaman.com
www.mil-ram.com
Milton Roy Co
www.miltonroy-americas.com
Modutank Inc
www.modutank.com
www.monitortech.com
Mono Pumps Ltd
www.mono-pumps.com
Mountain States
Consulting LLC
www.msc-lims.com
Moyno Inc
www.moyno.com
MSA
www.msanet.com
MSR Magmeter
www.magmeter.com
Mueller Systems
10210 Statesville Blvd,
Cleveland, NC 27013, USA;
muellersystems.com
Provides smart metering solutions,
including advanced AMI/AMR,
to optimize the delivery and use
of water and improve revenue,
accuracy, encourage conservation
and provide data for reading, billing
and system analysis.
MultiTrode Inc USA
www.multitrode.com
MWH Soft
www.mwhsoft.com
Myron L Co
2450 Impala Dr, Carlsbad, CA
92010-7226, USA; www.myronl.com
Manufactures handheld and in-line
instruments that measure conductivity,
resistivity, temperature, TDS, pH and
ORP. Instruments can be used in
municipal, commercial and industrial
applications.
www.mywaterplantjobs.com
Nalco
www.nalco.com
NanoH2O Inc
750 Lairport St, El Segundo, CA
90245-5006, USA;
www.nanoh2o.com
Designs, develops, manufactures and
markets reverse osmosis (RO) mem-
branes that change the fundamental
economics of desalination. The thin-
lm nanocomposite RO membranes
exhibit high permeability.
(See ad page 45)
www.nov.com
National Pump Co
www.nationalpumpcompany.com
NEFCO Inc
4362 Northlake Blvd, Suite 213, Palm
Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA;
www.nefcoinnovations.com
Designs and develops Stamford
density current bafes and launder
covers for algae control. Also supplies
weirs, scum bafes and complete
efuent trough systems.
Neosens SA
www.neo-sens.com
Neptune Technology Group
Inc
www.neptunetg.com
www.newportus.com
www.niagaraconservation.com
NITTO KOHKI Deutschland
GmbH
Lerchenst 47, Steinenbronn 71144
Germany; www.nitto-kohki.de
Nord Drivesystems
Rudolf Diesel Str 1, Bargteheide,
Schleswig-Holstein DE-22941
Germany; www.nord.com
Manufactures drive technology for
mechanical and electronic solutions.
The range of products includes geared
motors, motors, frequency inverters,
motor starters, frequency inverters for
decentralised drive control and servo
controllers.
(See ad page 5)
www.octaform.com
OCV Control Valves
7400 E 42nd Pl, Tulsa, OK 74145,
USA; www.controlvalves.com
Offers more than 50 years of
experience and knowledge to provide
quality valves for uid control in the
industry.
Odor Management Inc
www.odormanagement.com
www.ondeo-is.com
Ozonia AG
www.ozonia.com
www.pacicozone.com
Palintest Ltd
www.palintest.com
Panasonic Computer
Solutions Co
www.panasonic.com/toughbook
Paques BV
www.paques.nl
Parson Environmental
Products Inc
www.parsonenvironmental.com
Patterson Pump Co
www.pattersonpumps.com
PBS&J
www.pbsj.com
PEBCO Inc
www.pebco.com
Penn Valley Pump Co
www.pennvalleypump.com
Pentair Residential
Filtration LLC
5730 N Glen Park Rd, Milwaukee, WI
53209, USA;
www.pentairaqua.com/pro
Manufactures residential, commercial
and light industrial uid ltration
products under the Pentair Water
brand. These include lter housings,
cartridges and systems within the
PENTEK product line.
PHOENIX Process
Equipment Co
2402 Watterson Trail, Louisville, KY
40299, USA; www.dewater.com
Supplies separation, thickening and
dewatering systems for minerals
processing and municipal/industrial
efuent treatment plants. Distributes
aquacell water recycling solutions.
Phonetics Inc
www.sensaphone.com
Piller Industrieventilatoren
GmbH
www.piller.de
www.plidco.com
Porex Filtration
500 Bohannon Rd, Fairburn, GA
30213, USA; www.porexltration.com
Provides patented, cleanable/
backwashable tubular membrane
lter modules designed for high-solids
micro-ltration applications such as
water/wastewater recycle and reuse,
heavy metals removal, lime softening,
pre-RO and RO-reject recycle.
PR Consultants
www.pre.nl
www.primaryuid.com
www.prismvs.com
Proceco Ltd
www.proceco.com
Process Measurement &
Analysis Ltd
www.processmeasurement.uk.com
Proco Products Inc
2431 N Wigwam Dr, PO Box 590,
Stockton, CA 95205, USA;
www.procoproducts.com
Manufactures rubber duckbill check
valves, rubber, Teon, metal and fabric
expansion joints. Connectors are used
to absorb pipe movement/stress and
reduce noise and vibration.
ProMinent Dosiertechnik
GmbH
+49-6221-842-0
Pulsar Process
Measurement Ltd
www.pulsar-pm.com
Pumpex
www.pumpex.com
www.puretechltd.com
Purolite
150 Monument Rd, Bala Cynwyd, PA
19004, USA; www.purolite.com
Develops and manufactures ion
exchange resins, absorbents
and catalysts for softening,
demineralization, contaminant removal,
metals extraction and food processing.
PWN Technologies
PO Box 2046, Velserbroek 1990 AA
The Netherlands;
www.pwntechnologies.nl
Provides advanced solutions to the
water supply market worldwide,
including improved ion exchange
treatment solutions, ceramic
membrane applications and efcient,
low-cost and reliable package
treatment systems.
Products...
90
www.quantummarkers.com
Ragazzini srl
www.ragazzini.it
Rahil Energy Ltd
www.rahilenergy.com
Real Tech Inc
www.realtech.ca
Red Acoustics Ltd
www.redacoustics.co.uk
1425 W 8th St, PO Box 1321, Erie, PA
16512, USA; www.reedmfgco.com
Offers pipe/tubing cutters, cutter
wheels, vises and tools for water
services industries. Manufactures drill-
ing and tapping machines and power
drives to power tap/drill/thread, cop-
per tubing straightener/rerounders.
(See ad page 37)
Reid Lifting Ltd
Unit 1 Severnlink, Newhouse Farm
Industrial Estate, Chepstow Np16
6UN, UK; www.reidlifting.com
Manufactures lightweight, portable
equipment for manual lifting
applications to WLL 5000 kg. Provides
off-the-shelf and bespoke lifting
solutions across a wide range of
sectors such as wastewater treatment.
Reliner/Duran Inc
www.reliner.com
www.yestech.com/renaissance
Richards Industries
www.richardsind.com
RIDGID
www.ridgid.com
RKC Instrument
www.rkcinst-usa.com
www.robarindustries.com
ROBO-CONTROL
www.robo-control.com
ROCTEST
www.roctest.com
Rodney Hunt Co
www.rodneyhunt.com
Ronk Electrical Industries Inc
www.ronkelectrical.com
Rotork Controls Ltd
www.rotork.com
www.routesmart.com
www.safto.com
SANIPRO
www.sanipro.it
Sauereisen Inc
www.sauereisen.com
www.scaletronscales.com
(Netherlands) BV
www.swstechnology.com
Schneider Electric
www.schneider-electric.com
Schneider Electric, Telemetry
& Remote SCADA Solutions
www.controlmicrosystems.com
Schreiber LLC
www.schreiberwater.com
Schutte & Koerting
www.s-k.com
Schwing Bioset Inc
www.schwingbioset.com
Seal Master Corp
www.sealmaster.com
Seba Hydrometrie GmbH
www.seba-hydrometrie.de
SebaKMT
Dr Herbert Iann Str 6, Baunach 96148
Germany; www.sebakmt.com
Selwood Pumps Ltd
www.selwoodgroup.co.uk
www.senninger.com
Sensortechnics GmbH
Boschstr 10, Puchheim 82178
Germany; www.sensortechnics.com
Manufactures pressure and ow
sensors, liquid level sensors and
switches, as well as integrated uidic
control and sensing systems.
580 Virginia Dr, Suite 300, Ft
Washington, PA 19034, USA;
www.severntrentservices.com
Offers a comprehensive portfolio of
products designed to analyze, treat,
measure, deliver and protect valuable
water resources.
Julius-Weiser-Str 15, Salzburg 5020
Austria; www.sfcu.at
Designs and supplies water and
wastewater treatment processes for
large-scale installations in municipali-
ties and industries. Offers container-
ized treatment plants, incorporating
C-TECH technology for wastewater
treatment and C-MEM technology for
water treatment.
(See ad page 67)
Sherborne Sensors
www.sherbornesensors.com
Shimadzu Europa GmbH
Albert-Hahn-Str 6-10, Duisburg 47269
Germany; www.shimadzu.eu
Provides analytical instrumentation.
Develops and manufactures products
for TOC, HPLC, LCMS, GC, GCMS,
UV/VIS, FTIR, AAS and life science.
Showers & Eyebaths Services
www.safety-showers.com
Siemens Water
Technologies Corp
181 Thorn Hill Rd, Warrendale, PA
15086-7527, USA;
www.water.siemens.com
Manufactures and delivers reliable
water and wastewater treatment
solutions for municipal, industrial,
commercial and institutional customers
worldwide. Offers a portfolio of water
and wastewater clarication, ltration,
membrane, disinfection, biological,
dewatering and odor control products
and services.
(See ad page 17)
5 Harris Ct, Bldg L, Monterey, CA
93940, USA;
www.sierrainstruments.com
Manufactures and designs heavy
industrial mass owmeters and
controllers, ow and level switches and
ultrasonic owmeters and multivariable
meters for measuring temperature,
pressure and mass or volumetric
ows.
Sierra Monitor Corp
www.sierramonitor.com
Singer Valve Inc
www.singervalve.com
Sioux Corp
www.sioux.com
Sipos Aktorik
Im Erlet 2, Altdorf D-90518 Germany;
www.sipos.de
Supplies variable speed actuator
solutions. With strong emphasis on
service, bespoke requirements are
met. Product features include soft start
capability.
www.smithandloveless.com
SolarBee Inc
www.solarbee.com
40, Hutzot Hayozer st, Ashkelon Israel;
www.solidat.com
Offers sewer monitoring solutions:
ultrasonic sensors up to 8 m,
battery operated for 1-3 years, GSM
communication with SMS alerts for
overow and predened levels, central
viewing and logging software.
Solinst Canada Ltd
www.solinst.com
S-Products Inc
www.s-products.com
SRS Crisafulli Inc
www.crisafullipumps.com
www.stacoenergy.com
Stahlin Non-Metallic
Enclosures
www.stahlin.com
Wood St, Cheshire SK11 6JQ, UK;
www.statio.net
Supplies static and in-line pipe and
channel mixers, ozonation and aera-
tion systems, wastewater and sludge
mixers for pipes and channels, and
offers a special range for desalination
applications.
(See ad page 60)
Stenner Pump Co
www.stenner.com
Stockholm International
Water Institute
www.siwi.org
Structured Technology
Services Ltd
www.sts-communications.com/
documents/utilities.html
Sulzer Pumps Ltd
www.sulzerpumps.com
www.superiortank.com
91
Sur-loc Inc
www.surloc.com
Studbachstrasse 13, Hinwil 8340
Switzerland; www.swan.ch
Develops, produces and sells
technologically advanced instruments
for the control of water and steam
quality for the water and power
industries.
Sylmasta ltd
www.sylmasta.com/acatalog/
Pipe_Repair_Products.html
TALIS Deutschland GmbH &
Co KG
Meeboldstr 22, Heidenheim D-89522
Germany; www.talis-deutschland.com
Provides products for the water and
sewage markets. Offers over 100,000
items from small air valves to the huge
DN 3600 buttery valves.
Tank Connection Afliate
Group
3609 N 16th, PO Box 579, Parsons,
KS 67357, USA;
www.tankconnection.com
Manufactures bolted, eld-weld,
shop-weld and hybrid storage tanks
for liquid applications. Offers services
and creative solutions for quality water
containment.
www.taylortechnologies.com
TC Communications
www.tccomm.com
www.telog.com
Temcor
www.temcor.com
TEMP-PRO Inc
www.temp-pro.com
Testori SpA
Largo, A Testori 5, Novate Milanese,
(MI) 20026 Italy; www.testori.it
Operates in the technical textile
industry.
(See ad page 8)
www.plasticvalves.com
www.thermoteknix.com
Thompson Pump and
Manufacturing Co
www.thompsonpump.com
www.toraywater.com
Toro Equipment
C/Sauce, s/n, Poligon Industrial La
Mora, La Cistemiga, Valladolid 47193
Spain; www.toroequipment.com
Designs and manufactures equipment
for the industrial and urban wastewater
treatment, water process, water reuse
and sludge treamtent in more than 25
countries.
www.towerperformance.com
TRACTO-TECHNIK GmbH &
Co KG
www.tracto-technik.de
Triogen Ltd
www.triogen.co.uk
Trojan Technologies
www.trojanuv.com
Trumbull Industries
www.trumbull-mfg.com
Heltorfer Str 14, Dsseldorf D-40472
Germany; www.tsurumi.eu
Manufactures pumps. Has more than
1800 models.
(See ad page 53)
Turner Designs Inc
www.turnerdesigns.com
UE Systems
www.uesystems.com
UNESCO-IHE Institute for
Water Education
www.unesco-ihe.org
United Manufacturing
International 2000
http://umi20001.tripod.com
www.owmeters.com
USA BlueBook
www.usabluebook.com
www.uscpsouth.com
Vacon Plc
www.vacon.com
Vacuworx International
10105 E 55th S Pl, Tulsa, OK 74146,
USA; www.vacuworx.com
Manufactures vacuum lifting systems
for eld applications. Systems can lift a
variety of material types, such as pipe,
plate and concrete.
(See ad page 79)
Val-Matic Valve &
Manufacturing Corp
905 Riverside Dr, Elmhurst, IL 60126,
USA; www.valmatic.com
Offers air, buttery, ball, check and
plug valves.
Valtimet
www.valtimet.com
Valvotubi Ind SRL
Via M Monti 30/B, Ravenna 48123
Italy; www.valvotubi.it
Provides valves for water, wastewater
and industrial applications.
www.vl-pc.com
Vanton Pump & Equipment
Corp
www.vanton.com
VA TECH WABAG GmbH
www.wabag.at
Veolia Water
52 rue dAnjou, Paris, Cedex 08
75384 France; www.veoliawater.com
Specializes in the delegated
management of water and wastewater
services for municipal authorities,
as well as industrial and service
companies, and also designs
technological solutions.
Technologies
Aqua House, Birmingham Business
Park, 2620 Kings Ct, Birmingham B37
7YE, UK; www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
Provides a unique portfolio of
differentiating technologies for the
treatment of municipal and industrial
water, wastewater, sludge and odor.
Via Pradi Risi, 3, Zoppola, (PN)
I-33080 Italy; www.veoliawaterst.it
Creates standard solutions and design
and build plants for the treatment of
industrial water and wastewater, the
production of WFI and the production
of biogas from biomasses.
Verder Ltd
3 California Dr, Castleford WF10 5QH,
UK; www.verder.co.uk
Manufactures and supplies high-qual-
ity and leak-free pumping solutions
throughout the world to a variety of
industries including water and waste-
water.
(See ad page 3)
Vigil Antislip
www.vigilantislip.com
www.virtual-extension.com
Walchem, an Iwaki America
Co
www.walchem.com
www.watson-marlow.com
Water & Wastewater
Boschstr 4, Herford D-32051
Germany; www.wedeco.com
Develops and produces UV and ozone
installations for the global market.
(See ad page 31)
www.weirsp.com
www.uswaterservices.com
www.wheelerrex.com
www.wigen.com
www.wika.ca
www.wilksir.com
Wonderware
www.wonderware.com
Xerxes Corp
www.xerxes.com
XP Software
5415 SW Westgate Dr, Suite 150,
Portland, OR 97221, USA;
www.xpsoftware.com
Develops and maintains hydrology
and hydraulics modeling software
solutions for stormwater, water quality
and sanitary sewer modeling. Powerful
1D/2D ood prediction and modeling
capabilities. Worldwide client base.
Xypex Chemical Corp
www.xypex.com
Yankee Plastic Co
www.yankeeplastic.com
YSI Inc
www.ysi.com
Zoeller Co
3649 Cane Run Rd, Louisville, KY
40211-1861, USA; www.zoeller.com
Manufactures sump, efuent, sewage
and grinder pumps and accessories.
(See ad page CV3)
92
Calendar of Events
A selection of events related to the water and wastewater industry in 2011 can be found here.
For a full list, visit: www.wwinternational.com and click on the Events tab at the top of the page.
Diary
June/July | 2011
AUGUST 2011
August 21- 25, 2011 - StormCon 2011, Ana-
heim, CA, USA. www.stormcon.com
SEPTEMBER 2011
September 4-9, 2011 - IDA World Congress,
Perth, Australia. www.idadesal.org/t-worldcon-
gress_000.aspx
September 11-14, 2011 - 2011 Distribution
Systems Symposium and Exposition & Water
Security Conference, Nashville, TN, USA. www.
awwa.org/Conferences
September 14-17, 2011 - AWT Annual Con-
vention & Exposition 2011, Atlanta, GA, USA.
www.awt.org
September 19- 21, 2011 - 2nd North Ameri-
can Conference on Ozone and Ultraviolet and
Advanced Oxidation Technologies -- Green
Technology Benets Environment & Industry,
Toronto, ON, Canada. www.io3a.org
OCTOBER 2011
October 14-15, 2011, SWPA Annual Meeting
2011, Los Angeles, CA, USA. www.swpa.org/
swpa/outside_home.asp
October 15-19, 2011 - WEFTEC.11, Los
Angeles, CA, USA. www.weftec.org
October 24-46 2011 - WaterWorld Middle
East conference and exhibition. Focusing on
water and wastewater. Doha, Qatar. www.
waterworldmiddleeast.com/index.html
October 24-26 2011 - POWER-GEN Middle
East Conference & Exhibition: CHANGING
POWER&WATER SOLUTIONS IN CHALLENG-
ING TIMES, Doha, Qatar. www.power-gen-
middleeast.com/index.html
NOVEMBER 2011
November 1-3, 2011 -2011 CHEM SHOW,
New York, NY, USA. www.chemshow.com
November 1-4, 2011 - Aquatech Amsterdam
2011, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. www.
amsterdam.aquatechtrade.com/nl/en/Pages/
default.aspx
November 10-12, 2011 - WWEMA 103rd An-
nual Meeting, St. Pete Beach, FL, USA. www.
wwema.org
November 15- 17, 2011 - WATEC Israel 2011,
Tel Aviv, Israel. www.watec-israel.com
November 29 - December 02, 2011 - NGWA
Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting 2011,
Las Vegas, NV, USA. www.ngwa.org/develop-
ment/calendar.aspx
JANUARY 2012
January 24 - 26, 2012 - DistribuTECH 2012,
San Antonio, TX, USA. www.distributech.com/
index.html
FEBRUARY 2012
February 6-8, 2012 - WaterWorld Middle East
conference and exhibition. Doha, Qatar. Qatar
National Convention Centre. www.waterworld-
middleeast.com
February 26 - 29, 2012 - Environmental Con-
nection (EC) 2012, Las Vegas, NV, USA. www.
ieca.org/conference/exhibitor/exhibitorsnew.asp
APRIL 2012
April 24 - 26, 2012 -WWEMA 39th Wash-
ington Forum, Washington, DC, USA. www.
wwema.org
MAY 2012
May 07 - 12, 2012 - IFAT ENTSORGA, Mu-
nich, Germany. www.ifat.de/en
JUNE 2012
June 10 - 14, 2012 - AWWA 2012 Annual
Conference & Expo, Dallas, TX, USA. www.
awwa.org/index.cfm?showLogin=N.
Advertisers Index
Currently online at www.wwinternational.com
Annual beach water quality report released by NRDC
lean, free drinking water now required at California public schools
NJ student wins water research competition, will represent U.S. in Stockholm
Purifying drinking water with super sand
Hydraulic fracturing case study locations selected
Purifying drinking water with super sand
Pump company opens facility in Saudi Arabia
Perfume for water campaign raises over 43 million liters of water for Ghana
Community - www.wwinternational.com
Water Facts and Eco Actions, posted on June 27
Canadian Water Summit, posted on May 28
Why GE, Coca Cola and IBM are getting into the water business, posted on May 2
Cenovus sponsors workshop about water usage in the oil sands, posted on June 27
Webcasts
Motor Control Center Upgrades: Cost-
effective solutions to address reliability
issues
The webinar addressed reliability issues
that commonly occur with MCCs
A Smarter Way to Monitor your Stormwa-
ter Run-Off
This webcast demonstrated how techni-
cal advancements in ow meter, sampler
and communications technologies can be
used to optimize stormwater discharge
monitoring. The benets of using different
types of systems, ranging from basic to
sophisticated, are discussed.
Evaluation, Application and Operation of
IFAS and MBBR Technologies
Online - www.wwinternational.com
ABB France 23
Airvac 29
Analytical Technology, Inc. 7
Aqua-Aerobic Systems 10
Aqualyng AS 62
Aquatech Amsterdam 52
Atlas Copco 47
AUMA Riester GmbH & Co. KG 65
Baldor Electric Company 19
Biorem Technologies, Inc. 36
Cadagua 55
Cadar Ltd. 61
Caprari SPA C4
Cardo Flow Solutions 39
Costacurta S.p.A.-VICO 2
Degremont 33
Dow Chemical Company 56-57
EnviPure Pte. Ltd. 11
EDI, Environmental Dynamics, Inc. 49
Euroslot KDSS 21
Fluidra Commercial Services, Slu 12
Force Flow Equipment 35
FUCHS Enprotec GmbH 20
Gardner Denver Thomas GmbH 51
Getriebebau Nord GmbH & Co. KG 5
Godwin Pumps 13
Grundfos Management A/S 41
Hayward Flow Control 25
HOBAS Engineering GmbH 49
Hyux Ltd. C2
IDE Technologies Ltd. 58-59
ITT Flygt AB 9
ITT Water & Wastewater Hereford GmbH 31
Membrana 15
NanoH2O, Inc. 45
Reed Manufacturing Company 37
SFC Umwelttechnik GmbH 67
Siemens AG 17
Statio International Limited 60
Testori 8
Tsurumi Europe GmbH 53
Vacuworx Intl 79
Verder Ltd. 3
Zoeller Waste Systems, Ltd. C3
Copyright 2002 Caprari Calendar
exclusive on: www.caprari.com
Water
To live
To work
Together
Global solutions for the integrated water cycle.
From extraction in deep wells to distribution in water supply networks; from civil or industrial
waste water collection to treatment and reuse, CAPRARI stands out on an international scale
for the excellence in the quality of its products, solutions and services. CAPRARI
provides specifc skills and experience developed during over 60 years in the business for
professionals who deal with the integrated water cycle.

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