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Quantitative Ability

Faculty Manual 2010


Part I
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Name: __________________________
Centre: ________________________
MBA
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MBA
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S. No. Title Page No.
1. QA Exercise 1-2: Percentages 1
2. Question Bank: Percentags 9
3. QA Exercise 3-6: Numbers 18
4. Question Bank: Numbers 30
5. QA Exercise 7-8: Ratio 49
6 Question Bank: Ratio 58
7. QA Exercise 9-11: TSD 66
8. Question Bank: TSD 77
Contents
Page 1 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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Topic: Percentages Lecture Number: 01 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Percentages important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to learn how to deal with different real-time applications of percentages.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming to
the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
Step 1: Fundamentals - 1
1. Change of base
2. Successive percentage change
Step 2: Fundamentals - 2
3. Simple and compound Interest
4. Interest on interest
5. Formulae for SI and CI
6. Non-annual compounding
Step 3: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the lecture. Tell them
to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 1 - Percentages: 1
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1. A brief Introduction (5-10 mins)
2. Change of base (15 mins)
Start with the simplest problem: If A is 20% more than B, by what percent is B less than A? Do the
same problem if A was 37.5% more than B. Explain why it is important to work with fraction equivalents
to save time & calculations.
Explain that the above simple concept is used extensively even in other topics as follows:
a. if speed increases by 10% over the same distance, by what percent does time decrease?
b. If length of a rectangle decreases by 12.5%, by what percent should its breadth be increased to
maintain the same area?
c. If the volume of a milk and water solution is increased by 25% by pouring just water, by what
percentage does the concentration of milk reduce?
d. If prices decrease by 16.666%, how much percentage can a consumer consume more for the
same amount?
[Q. 2, 6, 8 and 9]
Explain that the above can be used in any relation where M N = constant.
If prices of apples increase by 25%, I am able to purchase 4 apples less in Rs.80. What was the
original price of one apple? Explain this question orally in the following two methods: Since prices
increased by 25%, I am able to consume 20% less. Thus 20% of original consumption = 4 apples.
Alternately, to maintain consumption i.e. to purchase 4 more apples, I would need 25% of 80 = 16 Rs
more. Thus increased price of apple = Rs. 4 per apple. Now find original price.
3. Successive Percent changes (10 mins)
Take a simple case of two successive increases say 10% and 20% and then explain why the total
increase is 32%. State that the net increase of an (a%) and a (b%) change is a (a + b + ab/100%)
change. Do mention that the formula works fine with any changes viz. increase or decreases. Ask
student to find the net percentage change of a x% increase and a x% decrease and also for a 10%
increase and a 9.0909% decrease. Probably the last example can be more easily solved with multiplying
factors. Thus one can use Multiplying factors or a + b + ab/100 interchangeably.
Successive percentage change is also useful in any relation of the type C = A B. If there is a (a%)
change in A and a (b%) change in B, then C changes by (a + b + ab/100%). This has also applications
in Data Interpretation. Thus if market share grows by 20% and even if the total market size declines by
10%, the sales grows by 1.2 0.9 = 1.08 i.e. 8% as Sales = Market size Market Share.
The same relation appears many times in geometry. Thus if any quadrilateral has all its sides increasing
by 10%, the area increases by 21% as area is proportional to square of linear dimensions. If sides of
a cuboid increase by 20%, volume increases by 72.8% and surface area increases by 44%.
[Q. 1 and 3]
CAT 2003 (Leaked): Let A and B be two solid spheres such that the surface area of B is 300% higher
than the surface area of A. The volume of A is found to be k% lower than the volume of B. The value of
k must be
a. 85.5 b. 92.5 c. 90.5 d. 87.5
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4. Simple and Compound Interest (10 mins)
Quickly ask students for the basic difference between SI and CI i.e. the amount at end of year acts as
principal for next year in CI. Explain this difference using the following table :
For P = 1000 and r = 10%,
(draw this table such that you still have additional space on the board to write)
Year Simple Interest Compound Interest
Principal Interest Amount Principal Interest Amount
1
st
1000 100 1100 1000 100 1100
2
nd
1000 100 1200 1100 110 1210
3
rd
1000 100 1300 1210 121 1331
Points to be highlighted in this table:
a. Simple Interest earned in any year is always the same
b. The amount with SI increases in a linear fashion i.e. by a fixed amount every year. Thus the graph of
amount and years will be a straight line.
c. The SI and CI is same for the first year
d. CI earned in a year keeps increasing every year.
5. Interest on Interest (10 mins)
With the above table still present on the board, explain point number d of above in more details.
Explain that in any year the CI earned is higher because whatever was earned in the previous year
would surely be earned and additionally the interest earned in previous year will also be added to the
principal and start earning interest. Make sure this concept of Interest on Interest is understood by
everyone. Take a simple problem : If CI earned in n
th
year is 800 and in n+1
th
year is 864, what is the
rate of interest?
Next, compare the first two years at SI and CI. For same principal and rate of interest, in the first two
years, the total CI earned is higher than the total SI earned by an amount equal to the interest on first
years interest. Take simple problems like :
If total SI earned in first two years is Rs. 800 and total CI earned in first two years is Rs. 864, what is
the rate of interest?
Explain the following:
For same principal and rate of interest,
Year Simple
Interest
Compound
Interest
1
st
X X
2
nd
X X + r X
Total 2X 2X + r X
Thus explain the difference is r% of X and also that the ratio of CI of first two years to SI of first two
years is (2 + r) : 2
Take another simple example : If the difference between CI and SI of first two years @ 10% is Rs. 500,
what is the principal invested.
If the ratio of SI to CI earned in first two years is 24 : 25, what is the rate of interest?
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6. Formulae for SI and CI (10 mins)
Explain the formulae :
n
P r n r
SI At CI, A P 1
100 100

= = +


Explain that for CI, the formula is of Amount and for SI the formula is of Interest.
In the formulae of SI, make sure to highlight the fact that SI is directly proportional to P, r and n. Thus
if an amount becomes 3 times in 7 years, in how many years will it become 9 times? Please explain
to all students who have answered 21 years that the Amount is not directly proportional to the number
of years but the Simple Interest is. In this case the SI earned is 2P in 7 years and hence to earn a SI
of 8P it will take 28 years. However had it been the case of CI, the amount would have become 9 times
in 14 years itself because in every 7 years the amount triples, thus in next 7 years 3P will become 9P.
Also spend some time explaining that for a r% increase the Multiplying factor is (1 + r/100). Thus for 2
years at CI, the amount is nothing but P MF MF and thus CI is in essence a case of successive
percentage changes.
[Q. 4, 5 and 10]
7. Non-Annual Compounding (10 mins)
For non-annual compounding DO NOT introduce any new formula. Tell the students that the formula
remains
n
r
A P 1 .
100

= +


In this formula n does not refer to the number of years but to the number of
time periods and r refers to the rate per time period. Since all this time we were taking compounding
done annually hence r became rate per annum and n was number of years. If compounding is done
semi-annually or monthly, n would become the number of half years or the number of months respectively.
Correspondingly r will be the rate of interest offered per half year or per month respectively. A rate of
12% p.a. corresponds to 6% per half year and to 1% per month.
DO NOT explain any method of finding 1.2
6
or finding the 5
th
root of 1.1. There has never been any
question of CI in CAT in last 15 years which involves one to calculate. DO NOT spend any time in
approximation or in answering student queries about the calculation (specifically about with higher
indices or higher roots). Believe me, its not worth the time.
8. Exercise (45 mins)
Solve the exercise and clear any doubts in the problems of the exercise. If you usually fall short of
time, keep discussing the problems of the exercise while you are explaining the individual concepts.
Announcement: Ask all students to solve each problem in exercise of chapter on Profit Loss Discount
and ratio Proportion of QA Fundamental Book and to get the book in the class in the next QA session.
CAT questions based on percentage and applications that have appeared since 1999:
I. CAT 1999: Forty percent of the employees of a certain company are men, and 75% of the men
earn more than Rs. 25,000 per year. If 45% of the companys employees earn more than Rs.
25,000 per year, what fraction of the women employed by the company earn Rs. 25,000 per year
or less?
a. 2/11 b. c. 10/17 d. None of these
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II. CAT 2000: A truck traveling at 70 kmph uses 30% more diesel to travel a certain distance than it
does when it travels at speed of 50 kmph. If the truck can travel 19.5 km on a litre of diesel at 50
kmph, how far can the truck travel on 10 litres of diesel at a speed of 70 kmph
a. 130 b. 140 c. 150 d. 175
III CAT 2001: A college raised 75% of the amount it needs for a new building by receiving an
average donation of Rs. 60 from the people already solicited. The people already solicited
represents 60% of the people the college will ask for donations. If the college is to raise exactly
the amount needed for the new building, what should be the average donation from the
remaining people to be solicited?
a. Rs. 300 b. Rs. 250 c. Rs. 400 d. Rs. 500
IV. CAT 2001: The owner of an art shop conducts his business in the following manner: Every once in
a while he raises his prices by X%, then a while later he reduces all the new prices by X%. After
one such up-down cycle, the price of painting decreased by Rs. 441. After the second up-down
cycle the painting was sold for Rs. 1944.81. What was the original price of the painting?
a. 2756.25 b. 2256.25 c. 2500 d. 2000
V. CAT 2003 (Leaked): At the end of year 1998, Shepard bought nine dozen goats. Henceforth every
year he added p% of the goats at the beginning of the year and sold q% of the goats at the end of
the year, where p>0 and q>0. If Shepard had nine dozen goats at the end of the year 2002, after
making the sales for that year, which of the following is true?
a. p = q b. p < q c. p > q d. p = q/2
VI. CAT 2003 (Retest): A piece of paper is in the shape of right angles triangle and is cut along a line
that is parallel to the hypotenuse, leaving a smaller triangle. There was a 35% reduction in the
length of the hypotenuse of the triangle. If the area of the original triangle was 34 sq. inches before
the cut, what is the area (in sq. inches) of the smaller triangle?
a. 16.665 b. 16.565 c. 15.465 d. 14.365
Puzzle: An ant is at one end of a rubber strip of length 100 mts. The ant is continuously moving at
a speed of 10 m/min and the rubber strip is stretched at the end of every minute by 20%. Would
the ant reach the other end?
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Topic: Percentages Lecture Number: 02 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Percentages important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to identify and to be familiar with different terms used in questions as well as in the
real life.
L Help students to learn how to deal with different real-time applications of percentages.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming to
the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
Step1: Revision
L Make sure that the students are well aware of whatever they were taught in the last lecture of
numbers.
L To check there progress as well as to be assured of the above stated fact you must throw some
questions and discuss them with the students.
L Revision always helps in assessing the level of the class and to identify whether they (or some
of them) need extra sessions (Doubt solving).
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Terms in PLD
2. Simple questions
3. Marked price and discount
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
1. Faulty balances
2. Stocks and Shares
Step 4: Review Test and Discussion
Conduct and discuss the test on Percentages. Conduct the test as an actual test i.e. do not discuss each
problem one by one. Give the students the test and let them do it independently within stipulated time.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 2 - Percentages: 2
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1. Terms in PLD (10 mins)
The students would be knowing the terms and all you have to emphasize on is that profit % is a
percentage of the CP and never of the SP (unless of course of the question mentions it so). When the
profit is expressed as a percentage of the SP, it is called as margin. One should be very flexible in
changing profit % to margin. Ask students to orally answer : What margin is equivalent to a profit % of
12.5%? A margin of 16.66% is equivalent to a profit % of? Emphasize that this is nothing but change
of base and once should have just thought in their minds (8, 1, 9) and (5, 1, 6) for the above two
questions.
Explain to students that the formula
SP CP
P% 100
CP

=


is same as
SP
P% 1 100.
CP

=


Thus in many cases just by taking take the ratio of SP and CP and one can find the profit or loss
percentage. Also this ratio is nothing but the Multiplying factor corresponding to the profit or loss. Thus
if SP = 400 and profit percentage is 20%, one should mentally realise that 120% of CP = 400 and thus
CP = 400/1.2 = 333.33
2. Simple questions (20 min)
a. If SP of 8 = CP of 9, what is the profit or loss percentage? In this problem please do not leave it just
by saying that on every 8, profit of 1 is made and hence profit percentage is 12.5%. First explain
it using CP and SP being k/9 and k/8 and ratio of SP to CP is 9/8 or 1.125. After this, explain the
concept on every 8, profit of 1 is made and detail this out as many students are genuinely confused
or not crystal clear about this.
b. If by selling 8 items, one makes a loss equivalent to CP of 2 items, what is the loss %?
c. How many oranges should be sold for Re. 1 if they were purchased at a rate of 6 per Re. and a
profit % of 20% is desired?
Lay emphasis on students solving each of the above orally.
Do cover the following problem : If equal number were purchased of two lots of oranges, one at Rs.
12 per dozen and other at Rs. 18 per dozen and all the oranges were sold at Rs. 15 per dozen,
what is the profit or loss percentage?
In the above case if equal amount of Rs. were spent on the two lots, what would have been the
profit%?
Last do the problem : Because the CP increase by 20%, a shop-keeper increased the SP by Rs.
340. Due to these changes the profit percentage decreased from 15% to 10%. What was the
original CP of the item?
3. Marked Price and Discount (10 mins)
Explain the phenomena of how the list price is usually marked up over the CP and this is called as
mark-up percentage. Make it clear that mark-up percentage is a percentage of CP. When a customer
asks for discount the Discount is given as a percentage of Marked Price. Thus make it very clear that
Mark-up and Discount are nothing but two successive percentage changes. Even though a discount is
given, the trader does not necessarily make a loss because of the marking-up done earlier. The profit
percentage is the net percentage change of two successive percentage changes viz. m% and d%
and thus is equal to m-d-md/100.
Question: By what percentage should a shop-keeper mark up his goods if he desires a profit of 25%
even after giving a discount of 9.0909%?
Make sure that everyone is clear that discount is a percentage of Marked price. Then ask them what
is the discount percentage in the scheme Buy 3, get 1 free.
[Q. 2 and 5]
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4. Faulty Balances (20 mins)
Unscrupulous traders may sell their wares at the rate at which they bought it and yet make a profit by
cheating on volume. What is the profit % made by a trader who sells goods at the rate of CP but with
a balance which reads 900 for 1000 gms? Many will answer 10% or 11.11%. Tell them that in such
cases pay a lot of importance to reads 900 for 1000 gms. The reading is that what is charged for and
the other value is the actual amount given. Thus in this case SP = 900x and CP = 1000x (CP will be
related to what is actually given). Thus in this case the shop-keeper makes a loss of 10%. Dont
assume that a shopkeeper will always make a profit, he might be an idiot.
Take few more examples with mark-up% as well as faulty balances. Finally tell them the following
situations are also related to faulty balances though may not be apparent by the wordings.
a. A milkman mixes 100 lts of water with every 800 lts of milk and sells at a mark-up of 11.11%. What
is the profit%? (same as reading 900 for 800)
b. The morning stores offers 2 items free with every 5 purchased. If it marks up items at 16.66%,
what is the profit/loss % when a customer purchases 5 items?
c. A meter scale is rigged to measure 90 cms. However in summers it expands by 20% of its actual
length. The trader sells goods at a mark-up of 10% but he does not know that the wholesaler from
were the trader buys goods uses a meter scale which measures 80 cms. What profit or loss
percentage does the trader make?
This problem is simply taken to emphasize students to use multiplying factor and need not be taken
with any slow batch. In any problem of percentages, one just needs to identify the multiplying factor
and then either multiply or divide with it based on whether you want an increase or decrease. Its that
simple, just keep your brains away and solve mechanically and you will never ever make a mistake.
Multiplying factor corresponding to rigging the meter scale to read 90 cms = 0.9 or 9/10
Multiplying factor corresponding to 20% expanding = 1.2 or 12/10
Multiplying factor corresponding to 10% mark-up = 1.1 or 11/10
Multiplying factor corresponding to meter scale reading 80 cms = 0.8 or 8/10
Now use common sense to see what results in a profit and what results in a loss for the trader.
The trader makes a net profit of
10 10 11 8 22
9 12 10 10 27
=
i.e. a net loss 5/27 i.e. 5 3.7% = 18.5% loss
[Q. 1]
5. Stocks and Shares (20 mins)
Explain basic terms like Face Value, Market Value, Selling Value, Purchase Value, Dividend, Brokerage,
Income, Profit and Return.
Explain in detail the difference between Income, Profit and Return.
Make it very clear that though the topic is not very important as far as QA section is considered, it is
required to deal with it in order to solve relevant questions from LRDI section.
[Q 3 and 4]
6. Review Test and Discussion (35 mins)
Conduct the test on percentages and applications. Ask students to evaluate their performance and
record it. Discuss the doubts of the test.
Announcement: Ask students to revise all the concepts of percentages discussed so far. Ask them
come prepared in the next lecture as it is going to be a test. As after the test doubt solving session will
be there so also ask them to come with fundabook.
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1. A trader sells fruits at a profit of 10%. Further, he uses a false weight and weights only 900 gm
instead of 1000 gm. What is his overall profit percentage?
a. 30% b. 25% c. 22.22% d. 42.22%
2. Arun has to pay off his debt by paying Rs. 2000 in the first month and subsequently, has to keep
repaying 80% of the amount he paid in previous month until he clears the total debt. The approximate
amount of his debt is:
a. Rs. 400000 b. Rs. 5000 c. Rs. 10000 d. Rs. 60000
3. Labor allocation is a very important process. A particular weaving section has 20 hours looms and
with five laborers loom efficiency is 75% and production of a loom at 100% efficiency is 10 meter per
hour. Salary of a laborer is Rs. 11000 per month. I removed one laborer due to which efficiency came
down to 70%. How much did I gain or lose due to this action? Assume that profit on one meter cloth
is Rs. 4 and looms are working for 30 days in a month and 10 hours per day.
a. Rs. 1000 profit b. Rs. 1500 loss
c. Rs. 1500 profit d. Rs. 1000 loss
4. Fresh grapes contain 90% water by weight while dried grapes contain 20% water by weight. What
is the weight of dry grapes available from 20 kg of fresh grapes?
a. 2 kg b. 2.4 kg c. 2.5 kg d. None of these (CAT - 2001)
5. A man invested one third of an amount at an interest rate of 7% one fourth at a rate of S. I. 8% & the
remaining at the rate of S.I. 10% . If the earns an overall 561 Rs. then the initial amount that he had
was?
a. 5500 b. 4400 c. 6600 d. None of these (FMS - MS 2006)
6. A father wanted to divide a sum of Rs. 12750 between his two sons, Jay and Ajay. Jay & Ajay who
are 23 and 24 years old respectively, divide it in such a way that if their shares are laid out at
compound interest at 4% per annum they will receive equal amount on attaining the age of 26 years.
The amount which they will be receiving at the age of 26 years individually is equal amount on
attaining the age of 26 years. The amount which they will be receiving at the age of 26 years
individually is
a. Rs. 7030 b. Rs. 6250 c. Rs. 6500 d. Rs. 7780
7. A person invests Rs. 2000 in 3 months fixed deposit scheme of a bank at a rate of interest of 12.5%
per annum. Due to some changes in government policies, the rate of interest changed in every three
months, after the first period, to 12%, 11% and 10% respectively. If there was no changes in the
interest rate and the person withdraws the interest after every 3 months and continues deposit, then
how much more interest would that person have earned in one year?
a. Rs. 12.75 b. Rs. 17.5 c. Rs. 22.50 d. Rs. 20
8. In what time will Rs. 390625 amount to Rs. 456976 at 4% compound interest?
a. 3 years b. 4 years c. 5 years d. None of these
Question Bank: Percentages
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9. A sum of money at C.I. for 2 years at 20% would fetch Rs. 482 more if interest were half yearly
instead of yearly. Find the principal.
a. Rs. 10000 b. Rs. 20000 c. Rs. 40000 d. Rs. 50000
10. In an election 10% of the voters on the voters list did not cast their votes and 60 voters cast their
ballot papers blank. There were only two candidates. The winner was supported by 47% of all voters
in the list and he got 308 votes more than his rival. The number of voters on the list was
a. 3600 b. 6200 c. 4575 d. 6026
11. While traveling late in the night one has to pay 50% more than the basic auto rickshaw fare in
Indore. Vivek traveled late night on the condition. However as the auto rickshaw meter was faulty,
the meter showed the basic fare as what Vivek should have paid totally as night fare. How much
more than the basic fare did Vivek end up paying?
a. 100% b. 125% c. 150% d. 133.33%
12. A gardener has supply of fertilizer of type I which consists of 10% nitrogen and 6%phosphoric acid
and type II fertilizer which consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing he soil
conditions, he finds that he needs at least 14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid for his
crop. If type I fertilizer costs 60 paisa per kg and type II fertilizer costs 40 paisa per kg. then what is
the minimum cost at which nutrient requirements are met?
a. Rs. 82 b. Rs. 72 c. Rs. 60 d. Rs. 92
13. The price of sugar is raised by 10%.By how much percent must a man reduce his consumption of
sugar so as not to increase his expenditure?
a.
1
7 %
11
b.
1
5 %
3
c.
1
9 %
11
d. 8.2 %
14. The cost of an apple is twice that of a banana and the cost of a banana is 25% less than that of a
guava. If the cost of each type of fruit increaes by 10% find the percentage increase in the cost of
apples., 4 bananas and 3 guavas.
a. 10% b. 12% c. 16% d. 18%
15. If the selling price of 10 oranges is equal to the cost price of 14 oranges, which in turn is equal to one
- third of the total discount offered upon 70 oranges, then find the profit/loss percentage when the
mark-up percentage is shelved and the discount percentage is decreased by 5 percentage points.
a. 12.5 % profit b. 20% profit c. 7.5 % loss d. 10% loss
16. Mahesh sells sugar at 20% more than the cost of purchase. He also cheats on weight and weighs
only 950 gm per kg of sugar. Suresh being a regular customer is offered a discount of 5% and pays
only Rs. 18 for a kg of sugar. The profit of Mahesh when Suresh purchases 1 kg of sugar from his is:
a. Rs. 3.60 b. Rs. 3 c. Rs. 2.85 d. Rs. 2.70
17. A manufacturer sold a machine to salesman at a profit of 30% on the cost of manufacturer, the
salesman sold it to a merchant at a profit of 10%, an the merchant sold it to a customer at a profit
of 40%. By what percentage did the cost to the customer exceed the cost of manufacturer?
a. 100% b. 200% c. 50% d. 150%
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18. An object is sold for Rs. 150. making a profit of 50% on the selling price. If the article is bought for
Rs. 25 less, what price must be marked so as to gain 40% by selling the object at market price?
a. Rs. 75 b. Rs. 80 c. Rs. 50 d. Rs. 70
19. A dealer sells two articles at the same selling price, making 30% profit on one and incurring 30%
loss on the other. If the sales prices of both the articles are Rs. 9100 each, what is the overall profit
or loss for the dealer in both the transactions combined?
a. Rs. 1638 loss b. Rs. 1638 profit
c. Rs. 1800 loss d. Rs. 1800 profit
20. A shopkeepers gives 20% festival discount ion an article. Further he announces a discount of 5%
on the reduced price if a customer makes a cash purchase. Fakir purchased an article in cash by
paying Rs. 2052. What was the Marked price{ of the article?
a. Rs. 2500 b. Rs. 2700 c. Rs. 3000 d. Rs. 2736
21. An off season discount of X% is being offered at a store. An additional 12.5% discount is given if the
value of purchase is more that Rs. 500. After the discount a person pays Rs. 525 for a pair of jeans
whose list is Rs. 750. What is the value of x?
a. 30 b. 25 c. 20 d. 35
22. Krishan has 12 eggs with him. He sells x at a profit of 10% and remaining at a loss of 10%. He
gains 5% on the whole. What is the value of x?
a. 7 b. 9 c. 8 d. 10
23. A man bought pens and sold them at a gain of x%. If he had sold it at a loss of x%, then he would
have lost Rs.x compared to the price for a gain of x%. Then which of the following statements is
true?
a. The cost price is Rs. 50. b. The selling price is Rs. 50
c. The profit is Rs. 50. d. The cost price depends on the value of x.
Directions for questions 24 and 25: Answer the following questions based on the information given
below:
Shabnam is considering three alternatives to invest her surplus cash for a week. She wishes to guarantee
maximum returns on her investment. She has three options, each of which can be utilized fully or partially
in conjunction with others.
Option A : Invest in a public sector bank. It promises a return of +0.10%.
Option B : Invest in mutual funds of ABC Ltd. A rise in the stock market will result in a return of + 5% while
a fall will entail a return of 3%.
Option C: Invest in mutual funds of CBA Ltd. A rise in the stock market will result in a return of 2.5%,
while a fall will entail a return of +2%.
24. The maximum guaranteed return to Shabnam is
(a) 0.25% (b) 0.10% (c) 0.20% (d) 0.15% (e) 0.30%
25. What strategy will maximize the guaranteed return to Shabnam?
(a) 100% in option A
(b) 36% in option B and 64% in option C
(c) 64% in option B and 36% in option C
(d) 1/3 in each of the three options
(e) 30% in option A, 32% in option B and 38% in option C
Page 12 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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26. Mungeri Lal has two investment plans- A and B, to choose from. Plan A offers interest of 10%
compounded annually while plan B offers interest of 12% per annum. Till how many years is plan B
a better investment?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 (e) 7
27. A salesman sells two kinds of trousers: cotton and woollen. A pair of cotton trousers is sold at 30%
profit and a pair of woollen trousers is sold at 50% profit. The salesman has calculated that if he
sells 100% more woolen trousers than cotton trousers, his overall profit will be 45%. However he
ends up selling 50% more cotton trousers than woollen trousers. What will be his overall profit?
(a) 37.5% (b) 40% (c) 41% (d) 42.33% (e) None of the above.
Directions: Questions 28 to 30 relate to the EXCHANGE RATES problem given below:
The official buy and sell exchange rate for the US $, UK and EU with reference to the India INR are
presented in the table below:
You sell
Bank Pays
You
You Pay
bank
You buy
$1 INR 40 INR 42 $1
1 INR 77 INR 79 1
1 INR 60 INR 62 1
Bank BUYs Bank SELLs
You lockl bank agrees to sell $ 0.023 or 0.012 or 0.015 for INR 1.
28. You wish to buy foreign currency with INR 1 lakh. Based on the values of each foreign currency you
will receive for the bank, arrange them in the descending order?
1 1 1
Please note : 0.024; 0.013; 0.016
42 79 62
|

' J
( J
(a) $> > (b) > > $ (c) > > $ (d) All are equal
29. When you buy foreign currency from your local bank, it will levy a transaction fee equivalent of INR
500 and an additional INR 500 to deliver the exchanged money to the branch of your choice. This
total amount of INR 1000 will be deducted from the foreign currency payable to you. At the airport,
the money changer is willing to offer $ 0.022 for INR 1.
What is the range of values of INR that can be exchanged for buying the $ which will get you a better
deal at the airport than the bank?
(a) INR 0 to 1000 (b) INR 1000 to 23000
(c) INR 23000 (d) INR > 23000
30. The to buy rate is 1 = e 1.222. Using the INR as the reference currency, determine by what
percentage this buy rate should change such that there is no arbitrage (or, differences among the
three pairwise exchange rates) across the three currencies?
(a) Approx. 5% (b) Approx. 36%
(c) Approx. 4.25% (d) Approx. 35.75%
Page 13 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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31. The mean monthly salary paid to graduating MBA class of 2008 of a management institute is Rs.
16,000. The mean monthly salary paid to students with work experience is Rs. 18,000. The
corresponding figure for the students without any work experience is Rs. 12,000. Determine the
percentage of students with work experience and percentage of students without any work experience
in the class of 2008.
(a) 66.67% with work experience, 33.33% without work experience
(b) 33.33% with work experience , 66.67% without work experience
(c) 75% with work experience, 25% without work experience
(d) 25% with work experience, 75% without work experience
32. A large private airline increased the price of their air tickets by 20 percent to compensate for the
increase in airport charges. Due to increasing cost of Aviation Turbine fuel, the airline had to increase
further the price of the ticket by 30 percent. By approximately what percentage the ticket prices
have gone up as a result of two price hikes by the airline.
(a) 50% (b) 56% (c) 54% (d) 60%
33. Mr. Jeevan wanted to give some amount of money to his two children, so that although today they
may not be using it, in the future the money would be of use to them. He divides a sum of Rs.
18,750/- between his two sons of age 10 years and 13 years respectively in such a way that each
would receive the same amount at 3% p.a. Compound interest when he attains the age of 30 years.
What would be the original share of the younger son?
(a) 8959.80 (b) 8559.80 (c) 8969.80 (d) 8995.80
34. A space research company wants to sell its two products A and B. If the product A is sold at 20%
loss and the product B at 30% gain, the company will not lose anything. If the product A is sold at
15% loss and the product B at 15% gain, the company will lose Rs. 6 million in the deal. What is the
cost of product B?
(a) Rs. 140 million (b) Rs. 120 million
(c) Rs. 100 million (d) Rs. 80 million
35. BSNL offers its share at a premium of Rs. 40, whereas its par value is Rs. 160. Parul Mehra invested
Rs. 50,000 in this stock. After one year BSNL declared a dividend of 19%. What rate of interest did
Ms. Mehra receive on her investment?
(a) 15. 2% (b) 16.2% (c) 19% (d) 19.2%
36. In view of the present global financial crisis, the Finance Minister decided to slash the excise duties
to boost demand and propel economic growth. The excise duty or cement was reduced by 30% of
its present amount to boost the spending in the infrastructure. What should be the percentage
increase in the consumption of cement so that the revenue of the government remains unchanged?
(a)
5
42 %
7
(b)
6
42 %
7
(c)
6
34 %
7
(d)
5
34 %
7
37. A merchant wants to make profit by selling food grains. Which of the following would maximize his profit?
I. Sell product at 30% profit
II. Increase the price by 15% over the cost price and reduce weight by 15%
III. Use 700 gm of weight instead of 1 kg.
IV. Mix 30% impurities in grains and sell it at cost price
(a) III (b) II and I (c) II (d) All give the same profit
Page 14 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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Answers and Explanations
1. c Let the cost per kg be Rs. 1000
Selling price = Rs. 1100
But the cost is only for 900 g = Rs. 900
Profit =
1100 900
100 22.22%
900


2. c Debt = 2000 + 2000 0.8 + 2000 0.8
2
+ ...
=
1
2000 10000
1 0.8

Hence c.
3. d Production by looms at 100% efficiency
= 20 looms 10 m/hr 10 hrs X 30 days
= 60000 m/month
Production at 75% efficiency
= 60000 0.75 = 45000 m/month.
Profit = 45000 4 = Rs. 180000
But salary of one laborer is saved.
The cost price reduces by Rs. 11000
Change profit = (60000 0.7 4 11000)
= Rs. (168000 + 11000) = Rs. 179000
Change in profit = Rs. 1000
Alternatively.
The total production per month at 100% efficiency
= Number of looms production rate Number of hours/
day number of days = 20 10 10 30 = 60000
Meters
Now, due to change in labor allocation, efficiency
reduces by 5% Hence, loss in production
= Loss in efficiency total production
5
60000
100

= 3000 m
Hence, total loss is = 4 3000 = Rs. 12000
But I recover Rs. 11000 as the salary of one labor.
Hence total loss is Rs. 1000.
4 c Fresh grapes contain 10% pulp.
20 kg fresh grapes contain 2 kg pulp.
Dry grapes contain 80% pulp.
2 kg pulp would contain
2 20
2.5
0.8 8
kg dry grapes
5. c Let the total amount be, 12x rupees.
Then
| | |
+ +
' J ' J ' J
( J ( J ( J
12x 7 12x 8 12x 3x 4x 10
561
3 100 4 100 1 100
x = 55 12x = Rs. 6600
6. a Suppose Jay gets Rs. x and Ajay gets Rs. (12750 x)
Jays share when he will be of 26 years of age i.e.
after 3 years =
3
4
x 1
100
|
+
' J
( J
Ajays share after 2 years = (12750 x)
2
4
1
100
|
+
' J
( J
According to given condition
( )
3 2
4 4
x 1 12750 x 1
100 100
| |
+ +
' J ' J
( J ( J

1 x
x 1 12750 x x 12750 x
25 25
|
+ +
' J
( J

x 51x
x x 12750 12750
25 25
+ +

25 12750
x Rs.6250
51


Jay receives Rs. 6250 and Ajay receives Rs. 6500
now.
After 3 years Jay receives
=
3 3
4 4
x 1 6250 1
100 100
| |
+ +
' J ' J
( J ( J
= Rs. 7030.4 which
is same as Ajay receives after 2 years.
7. c The usual procedure adopted would be to compute
the total interest earned for one year at 12.5% interest,
the interest earned with the prevailing rates of interest
and determine the difference. A quicker method would
be to compute only the increase or decrease in interest
earned in every period over 12.5%.
period interest rate inc or dec% interest difference
I 12.5% 0 0
II 12% 0.5%
2000 0.5
Rs.2.50
4 100

III 11% 1.5% Rs. 7.50


IV 10% 2.5% Rs. 12.50
Total difference Rs. 22.50
Page 15 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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8. b P
n
r
1 A
100
|
+
' J
( J
390625
n
4
1
100
|
+
' J
( J
= 456976.

n
4 456976
1
100 390625
|
+
' J
( J

n 4
26 26
25 25
| |

' J ' J
( J ( J
n = 4 the required time is 4
years.
9. b If the amount compounded at annual intervals the
2
20
CI P 1 P
100
]
+
]
]
= 1.44P P = 0.44P
If it is done semiannually then amount =
4
20
2
P 1
100

]
]
+
]
]
]
= 1.4641P and CI = 1.4641P P = 0.4641P.
0.4641 0.44P = 0.0241P
0.0241P = 482 (given)
P = Rs. 20000
10. b Let the total number of voters be n.
10% of the voters did not vote, so only 90% of n voters
cast their voters.
60 voters left blank ballot papers, hence valid votes
were 0.9 n 60 the winner got 47% of all votes = 0.47
votes.
So, the loser should have got 308 votes
i.e. 0.47 n (0.9 n 60 47 n) = 308 0.9 n + 60
0.9 n = 308.
248 100
0.04n 248 n 6200
4


.
11. b Let the basic fare = Rs. x
Night fare = 1.5 x
IF basic fare = 1.5 x, then new night fare (i.e. faulty
fare)
= 1.5 (1.5 x) = 2.25 x
Percentage fare = 1.5 xc, then new night are (i.e.
faulty fare)
= 1.5 (1.5 x) = 2.25 x
Percentage increase = (2.25 1.00) 100 = 25%
Hence Vivek paid 125% extra fare instead of 50%
more.
12. d Let, fertilizer of type I required = x kgs and fertilizer of
type II required = y kgs. Then by the conditions given in
question
0.1 x + 0.05 y = 14 ... (i)
0.06 x 0.1 y = 14 ... (ii)
By solving not the equations we get
5
x y
4

Putting this value in equation (i)


y = 80 and x = 100.
so minimum cost = Rs.92.
13. c Direct from formula :
( )
10 1
100 9 %
100 10 11

+
.
14. a The data is tabulated below.
Apple Banana Guava
Costs 6x 3x 4x
Number of fruits 1 2 3
Total costs 6x 6x 12x
As the cost of each type of fruit increases by 10%. the
total cost of one apple, 4 bananas and 3 guavas i.e. 36
x increase also by 10%.
15. a Given 10s = 14 c
Also ( )
70
14C M S
3

42C 70M 98C


140C 70M M 2C
0.4C
Pr ofit% 40%
1C

2C 1.4C
Discount% 30%
2C

2C C
Mark up% 100%
C

now, mark up % is halved i.e. 50% and discount % is
25 %.
If cost price is Rs. 100 then marked up price is 150 and
selling price is 150 75% = 112.5
= Profit percentage is 12.5%.
16. b The 5% discount neutralises benefit of the
underweighting. Hence he makes 20% an the deal i.e.
Rs. 3. Hence (b).
1.20x
Aletnately, if CP x,SP 0.95 18
0.95
] |

' J ]
( J ]
x = 15 profit = Rs. 3.
17. a If manufacturer pays Re. 1, customer pays
1.3 1.1 1. 4 1 = Rs. 2.002
Thus C.P. of customer exceeds C.P. of manufacturer
by
( ) 2.002 1
100% 100.2%
1
]

]
]
.
Page 16 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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18. d SP = Rs. 150, Profit = 50% on SP
cost = Rs. 75.
New CP = 50, required gain = 40%
marked price = 50 1.4 = Rs. 70.
19. c We have, 1.3 C. P
1
= 9100 C. P. = Rs. 7000 and, 0.7
C. P
2
= 9100
C. P
2
= Rs. 13000
Thus total cost price = Rs. 20000 and total selling price
= Rs. 18200.
Thus, total loss would be 20000 18200 = Rs. 1800.
20. b Let the marked price of the article be Rs. 100. With the
festival discount of 20% the reduced price would be
(100 20% of 100) = Rs. 80.
With a cash discount of 5%, the sales price would be
(80 5% of 80) = Rs. 76.
Thus, we get,
76 Rs. 2052 2052 100
? Rs. 2700
76 100 ?
|

|

|
.
21. c Final selling price = Rs. 525
=
( ) ( ) 100 12.5 100 x
Rs.750
100 100

( )
525 100
100 x 100 80
750 87.5

. Hence x = 20%.
22. b Let each egg cost Rs. 10. Then the overall profit=Rs. 6
If x eggs are sold at a profit of 10% then (12 x) are
sold at a loss of 10% hence total revenue
= 11 x + (12 x) 9 = 2x + 108 = Rs. 126.
So, 2x = 18 and x = 9.
23. a 100 x
SP at x%profit CP. SP. at x%loss
100
100 x
CP.
100
+ |

' J
( J
|

' J
( J
2x 100
Difference CP. x CP. Rs.50
100 2
|

' J
( J
.
For questions 24 and 25:
To maximise Shabnams return we need to evaluate all the
given options in the question number 7. Assume Shabnam had
one rupee to invest. Let the return be denoted by r.
Consider the option (30% in option A, 32% in option B and 38%
in option C): If the stock market rises then
r = 0.1 0.3 + 5 0.32 2.5 0.38 = 0.653
If the stock market falls then
r = 0.1 0.3 3 0.32 + 2 0.38 = 0.197
Consider option (100% in option A): This will give a return of
0.1%.
Consider option (36% in option B and 64% in option C): If the
stock market rises then
r = 5 0.36 2.5 0.64 = 0.2
If the stock market falls then
r = 3 0.36 + 2 0.64 = 0.2
Consider option (64% in option B and 36% in option C): If the
stock market rises then
r = 5 0.64 2.5 0.36 = 2.1
If the stock market falls then
r = 3 0.64 + 2 0.36 = 1.2
Consider option (1/3 in each of the 3 options): If the stock
market rises then
r = 0.1 0.33 + 5 0.33 2.5 0.33 = 0.858
If the stock market falls then
r = 0.1 0.33 3 0.33 + 2 0.33 = 0.297
We can see that only in option (36% in option B and 64% in
option C), Shabnam gets an assured return of 0.2% irrespective
of the behaviour of the stock market. So right option for
questions number 13 is (0.20%) and question number 14 is
(36% in option B and 64% in option C).
24. c
25. b
26. b In case of compounded annually. Let P be the initial
investment in plan A
n
n
1
10
A P 1 P(1.1)
100
|
+
' J
( J
(1)
In case of simple interest in plan B
2
P 12 12
A P P P n 0.12
100

+ +
P(1 n 0.12) + (2)
Checking at different values of n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 A
1
becomes greater than A
2
when n = 5.
Hence upto 4 years, plan B is better than plan A.
27. b Let the cost price of 1 cotton trouser and 1 woollen
trouser be C and W respectively.
Case I: Number of woollen trousers sold is 100% more
than cotton trousers
1.3C + 1.5 2 W = 1.45 (C + 2W)
0.15C = 0.1W
3C = 2W
Case II: Number of cotton trousers sold is 50% more
than woollen trousers
S.P. =
1.5 2W
1.3C
3

+
or, S.P. = 1.3C + W = 2.8C
C.P. =
2
C W 2C
3
+
2.8C 2C
Pr ofit 100 40%
2C
|

' J
( J
Page 17 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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28. a (a)
1 1 1
42 62 79
> >
$ > >
Hence, option (a)
29. c Deal with exchanging money from Bank = 0.024 (x
1000).
Deal with exchanges money from changer at airport =
0.022 x
Now, 0.023 (x 1000) 0.22x <
0.00 1 x 23 <
x 23000 <
30. c The reference currency is INR. In 1INR we can buy
1
79
or
1
62
P. From this relation the
to P rate come out to be 1 = 1.274
P. But the given rate is 1 = 1.222 P. Hence the rate
should change by
1.274 1.222
100
1.222

= 4.25%.
Hence option ( c) is correct
31. a Let the total number of students in the institute be x
Let the total number of students with work experience
be a, therefore the total number of students without
work experience be x a
As per the information given in the question
( ) 16000a 18000x 12000 a x +
16a 18x 12a 12x +
4a 6x
2a
x
3

Percentage of students with work experience will be
2a
x 2
3
100 100 66 %
a a 3
|
' J
' J
' J
' J
( J
Hence, option (a) is the correct choice.
32. b Effective price increase
1.2 1.3 1
100 56%
1
|

' J
( J
Hence, option (b) is the correct choice.
33. a Let the amount given to younger son be Rs. x and the
amount given to older son be Rs.(18750 x). The
younger son turns 30, after 20 years and the older
turns 30 after 17 years. As each of them will receive
the same amount, we must have:
( )
20 17
3 3
x 1 18750 x 1
100 100
| |
+ +
' J ' J
( J ( J
Or
3
x(1.03) = (18750 x)
Or 1.092727x = 18750 x
2.092727 x = 18750
x = Rs. 8959.60 is the share of the younger son.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
34. d Let the selling price of A and B a and b respectively.
Given that
0.2a = 0.3b
2a = 3b (i)
Also,
0.15a 0.15b = Rs. 6 million
a b = Rs. 600 million (ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
b = Rs. 80 million.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
35. a Cost at which Parul purchased the shares is Rs. 160
+ Rs. 40 = Rs. 200
Total shares =
Rs. 50000
200
= Rs. 2500.
But, she will get an interest only on the face value of
the share, i.e. Rs. 160.
Total amount on which she will receive an interest
is Rs. 40,000.
19
40000 Rs. 7600
100

But since, Parul invested Rs. 50,000.
So, %age gain will be
7600
100 or 15.2%
50000

36. b Revenue = Price Consumption
Now excise duty decreases from 100% to 70% con-
sumption will increase from 70 to 100 to keep the
revenue uncharged which is change of
3 6
100 42 %
7 7

Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
37. a Profit under option I = 30%
Profit under option II
115 85
100 35.29%
85


Profit under option III
1000 700
100 42.85%
700


Profit under option IV plus the cost of impurities.
1000 700
100 42.85%
700


Hence, option III is the most profitable.
Page 18 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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Test Prep
Topic: Numbers Lecture Number: 01 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Numbers important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to learn how to use the basic properties of the numbers in solving the questions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming to
the next lecture.
Step1: Introduction
L Faculty is supposed to introduce him/herself if he has not done it ever before in the very batch.
L Talk something over the importance of numbers (some very easy questions from last few years
actual test papers can be used as examples)
L Make them aware of the importance of answer options.
L Tell them that their first aim will be to be thorough with the basic concepts and to develop a habit
of getting right answers in the first attempt only (Talk about the importance of a good accuracy
rate)
L Tell them that speed is a thing that is achieved very slowly with constant efforts.
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
(Please check if they are already aware of identities, ways to operate with fractions etc)
1. Classification of the numbers
2. Conversion of recurring number to p/q form
3. Divisibility rules
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
4. Cyclicity
5. HCF, LCM and Applications

Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next
lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the following
few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 3 - Numbers: 1
Page 19 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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1. Classification (20 mins)
Number Tree : (5 mins)
Start with counting numbers i.e. Natural numbers. Next, state that with the addition of zero this
becomes the set of Whole Numbers. The positive and negatives of Whole numbers form the set of
Integers. Zero is neither a positive nor a negative number. Thus set of Natural numbers is set of positive
Integers and set of Whole Numbers is set of non-negative Integers. Integers and fractions together
form rational numbers.(Make it clear that 10/2 is an integer and not a fraction) Rational numbers are
those that can be represented in p/q form where p, q are integers and q is not equal to zero. Just by
mere observations any terminating and non-terminating but recurring numbers are Rational Numbers.
The counterpart of Rational Numbers is Irrational Numbers and thus any non-terminating and non-
recurring numbers are Irrational numbers. Spend not more than a minute stating that pi is an Irrational
number and not the 22/7 is, an approximation of it. Just this fact of pi is enough and do not go into the
history of pi. Denominators containing only 3, 7, 11 or higher prime numbers as factor and not even a
single 2 or 5 give recurring decimal. Rational and Irrational together form Real Numbers. The counterpart
of real numbers is Imaginary numbers i.e. which include i which is root of -1. DO NOT discuss any
further aspect of i i.e. how it was introduced, conjugate pairs, etc.
Note : Tell them to refer to the fundabook (Numbers) for basic operations like rationalization,
simplification etc.
Odd and Even Numbers : (10 mins)
Do not spend time in explaining what even and odd numbers are. Students know this. Just explain
odd + odd = even, even + even = even, odd + even = odd,
If we add even numbers any number of time, the result will be even.
If we add odd numbers odd number of times, result will be odd, otherwise it will be even.
Product of odd numbers is odd,
If product of numbers is odd then all numbers are odd,
product of an even number with any numbers will be even and
If product of numbers is even then atleast one of them has to be even.
CAT 2001: x, y, and z are distinct integers. x and y are odd and positive whereas z is even and positive.
Which of the following statements cannot be true?
a. (x-z)
2
y is even b. (x-z)y
2
is odd c. (x-z)y is odd d. (x-y)
2
z is even
Exactly similar question also came in CAT 2000. Infact the wordings of the questions were exactly
similar. Only the options were different.
[Take any one of first three questions of the class exercise as example (preferably Q. 2)]
Prime and Composite Numbers (5 mins)
Again no need of explaining the terms. Just cover two things viz. 2 is the only even prime number and
that prime numbers greater than 3 are of the form 6k1 (reverse is not necessarily true). DO NOT do
any other aspect related to prime numbers except the following problems.
CAT 2000: Let S be the set of prime numbers greater than or equal to 2 and less than 100. Multiply all
elements of S. With how many consecutive zeros will the product end?
a. 1 b. 4 c. 5 d. 10
Page 20 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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CAT 2003 (retest): If a, a+2 and a+4 are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for a is
a. one b. two c. three d. more than three
CAT 2003 (retest): Let x and y be positive integers such that x is prime and y is composite. Then,
a. y x cannot be an even integer b. xy cannot be an even integer
c. (x+y)/x cannot be an even integer d. None of the above statements is true
Question: There are seven prime numbers such that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
p p p p p p p < < < < < <
and

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
p p p p p p p 510510 = , find the value of p
1
.
Solution : There is no need of factorizing. Since the product is even and we have only one even prime
number that too the smallest. So p
1
=2. Students can also be asked to find the value of p
6
.
Note : No need to discuss any other numbers.
2. Conversion of recurring number to p/q form: (15 mins)
Start directly with a general example like 0.12454545 Explain the conversion to p/q form. Once the
general case is done any specific case is done automatically. Quickly ask students to find p/q form of
0.4444, 0.272727, 0.0555. Then explain the shortcut as given in the Quant Fundabook
[Q. 4].
CAT 2000: With what value should 0.ababab, where a and b are single digit whole numbers with both
a and b not being zero simultaneously, be multiplied to get an integral value?
a. 1/ab b. 1/99 c. 9 d. 198 (options in CAT were different)
3. Divisibility Rules: (10 mins)
Do not spend any time in discussing rules of 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 and taking examples on them. The
student is expected to study these at home and come. Just discuss the rules for 6 and 11. Since 6 is
the LCM (and not because 6 is the product) of 2 & 3, any number divisible by 2 & 3 is also divisible by
6. Thus to check divisibility by 24, we do not use 4 & 6 (product = 6 but LCM = 12). Rather we use
3 and 8.
[Q. 6]
4. HCF, LCM & applications : (35 mins)
Understanding factors, multiples, HCF & LCM : (10 mins)
HCF and LCM are not to be explained by the factorization method. Just explain the underlying meaning
of HCF and LCM as it is necessary for applications of LCM and HCF.
Factors Number Multiples
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 12 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108
1, 2, 4, 8, 16 16 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112
Common Factors Common Multiples
1, 2, 4 48, 96, 144
HCF LCM
4 48
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Thus, make sure that everyone understands that HCF is the highest number that can divide each of the
given numbers and that LCM is the least number that can be divided by each of the given numbers.
DO NOT spend any time in discussing the factorization method to find HCF & LCM. At best just pick
three numbers (say 48, 60, 84) and explain how it is evident that 4 is surely common and that from the
quotients (12, 15, 21) there is further 3 common and hence HCF is 12 and LCM is 12 4 5 7. Ask
them to refer to fundabook for any other method including division process to find HCF.
[Q. 5 and 9]
Applications of HCF & LCM (30 mins)
a. Of the types clocks striking together or people starting a circular race simultaneously meeting at
the starting point for the first time.
[Q. 8]
b. The series of numbers which leaves a common remainder of 4 when divided by 6, 7, and 9
c. The series of numbers which leaves a remainder of 4, 5 and 7 when divided by 6, 7, and 9
respectively.
d. A general case viz. series of numbers which leaves remainder of 4, 6 when divided by 6, 7 respectively.
e. The least number of equal pieces that the three cakes of weight 18 kg, 45 kgs and 36 kgs can be
cut so that no cake is wasted.
[Q. 12]
CAT 2001: A red light flashes 3 times per minute and a green light flashes 5 times in two minutes at
regular intervals. If both lights start flashing at the same time, how many times do they flash together
in each hour?
There were two questions, straight based on fundas covered in point a and e above in CAT 2002. So
cover these applications quite well.
5. Cyclicity (25 mins)
Explain concept of cyclicity taking unit digit as 2 or 3. Explain procedure after making the process very
clear.
[Q. 16, 20 and 25]
6. Exercise: (15 mins)
Announcement: Ask students to solve each and every problem of exercise at end of chapter on
Number System of QA Fundabook 1. In the third session of Number systems, we would just solve
the doubts of this exercise.
Puzzle: 10 people rob certain number of coins. When they divide the coins among 2 thieves,
1 coin is left over. When the coins are divided among 3 thieves, 2 coins are left over. When divided
among 4 thieves, 3 coins are left. And so on. What is the least number of coins they must have
robbed.
What is the least number of coins if the remainder in each case of division would have been 1 in the
above problem.
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Topic: Numbers Lecture Number: 02 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Numbers important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to learn how to use the properties of the numbers in solving the questions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming to
the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
Step1: Revision
L Make sure that the students are well aware of whatever they were taught in the last lecture of
numbers.
L To check there progress as well as to be assured of the above stated fact you must throw some
questions and discuss them with the students.
L Revision always helps in assessing the level of the class and to identify whether they (or some
of them) need extra sessions (Doubt solving).
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Factors and multiples
2. Remainders
Step 3: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 4 - Numbers: 2
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Check the pre-class exercise of those students who had not solved it in the first class. For all those who
have not solved it, they have to sit back after the class and solve it and only then leave.
1. Number of Factors : (25 mins)
Take any example (2
3
5
2
) and explain the process of finding the total numbers of factors. Take care
that everyone understands the process clearly and each student knows why we add 1 to the exponents.
DO NOT derive or discuss the formula for the sum of factors. At best you can state the formula and ask
the student to find the derivation at home. Lay emphasis on the fact that the number should be in
factorised form.
[Q. 12, 20 and 27]
Take example of 2
4
3
3
5
2
and explain finding total number of factors, how many of these are even
and how many are odd, how many factors are perfect squares. While explaining perfect squares point
out that only perfect squares will have odd number of factors and also vice-versa.
Lastly, explain the problem of identifying in how many ways can 72 be written as a product of two
Natural Numbers.
2. Remainders (60 mins)
Start explaining with the simple problem that if x and y when divided by 7 leaves remainders 3 and 2
respectively, what will the following expressions leave a remainder if divided by 7?
a. x + y
b. x y
c. x y
d. x y x
e. y x, explain the funda of negative remainders
With the same setting also explain how to identify the remainders in the following cases:
f. y
36
g. y
38
Find the remainder if 4
30
is divided by 13?
Find the remainder if 4
33
is divided by 13?
[Preferably dont discuss binomial theorem here even if students ask for that as it takes a lot of time
and anyways we are going to deal with that in algebra lectures]
[Q. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17]
CAT 2003: Find the remainder when 4
96
is divided by 6? In this example, explain that when we cancel
out a factor from the numerator and denominator, we need to multiply the remainder found with this
factor at the end.
CAT 2002: Let N = 1421 1423 1425. What is the remainder when N is divided by 12?
a. 0 b. 9 c. 3 d. 6
CAT 2001: What is the remainder when 7
84
is divided by 342. Change the question and ask students
to also find the remainder when 7
86
is divided by 342 and the remainder when it is divided by 344.
CAT 2002: When 2
256
is divided by 17, the remainder would be
a. 1 b. 16 c. 14 d. None of these
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3. Exercise and its Discussion: (35 mins)
Announcement: Remind everyone that in the next class they are supposed to complete the exercise
of Fundabook.
Puzzle: Along a long corridor are 100 doors numbered 1 to 100, all of them initially closed. Person
#1 changes the state of all doors. After this person #2 changes state of doors 2, 4, 6, Next
person #3 changes state of doors 3, 6, 9And so on with each person changing state of doors
which are multiple of his number. After person #100 has finished, how many doors are open and
how many are closed.
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Topic: Numbers Lecture Number: 03 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Numbers important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to learn how to use the properties of the numbers in solving the questions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming to
the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
L Help students to identify real-time applications of the numbers.
Step1: Revision
L Make sure that the students are well aware of whatever they were taught in the last lecture of
numbers.
L To check there progress as well as to be assured of the above stated fact you must throw some
questions and discuss them with the students.
L Revision always helps in assessing the level of the class and to identify whether they (or some
of them) need extra sessions (Doubt solving).
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Base System
2. Calendar
3. Highest power dividing a factorial
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
4. Miscellaneous questions on numbers
Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next lecture.
Step 4: Discussion and Doubt Solving
In this lecture a faculty will get a good opportunity to discuss all the things taught so far in the numbers. Try
to solve as many doubts as possible from all the lectures done so far.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the following
few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 5 - Numbers: 3
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1. Highest power dividing a factorial (20 mins)
Explain the entire process of identifying the highest power of 2 that can divide 12!. Explain the process
first and then the procedure. Do not just mention the procedure and make sure everyone has understood
the process. In the same problem then ask them if one needed to find the highest power of 4 that
divided 12!, should one work on multiples of 4, then multiples of 16 and so on? Having explained this,
ask student to find the highest power of 10 that can divide 50! (briefly remark that this will also be equal
to the number of trailing zeroes in 50!). One could also ask students to find the highest power of 12 that
will divide 40! And the highest power of 12 that will divide 33!
[Q. 5, 9 and 14]
2. Base System (20 mins)
Explain the way base system works, using the analogy of an odometer (that which measures cumulative
mileage in the speedometer). Just mention the most common bases used 2, 8 and 16. In hexadecimal
system explain A, B, C, D, E and F as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
Convert from other base to base 10 : Start with decimal system and explain the position value. Use
position value to convert a number in any base to base 10. Explain the position value of decimals also.
Also while explaining this do point out that in base b, 10 (in base b) will represent b (in decimal
system), 100 (in base b)will represent b
2
(in decimal system), and so on.
Next, explain the conversion from base 10 to any other base. If time permits, also do addition, subtraction
in other bases. No need to do any multiplication as it is just an extension of addition.
[Q. 10 and 11]
CAT 2001: In a number system the product of 44 and 11 is 1034. The number 3111 of this system,
when converted to the decimal number system, becomes
a. 406 b. 1086 c. 213 d. 691
CAT 2000: Convert the number 1982 from base 10 to base 12. The result is
a. 1182 b. 1912 c. 1192 d. 1292
3. Calendar (20 mins)
Explain the importance of reference day (1
st
January of the first year was a Monday is taken as
universal reference, if reference is not given in the question).
Explain how the day changes after 7 complete days, 70 complete days, 100 complete days, 1 year,
2 years, 20 years, 100 years and so on. Also explain if 1
st
January of a year is Monday then 31
st
January of the same year will be Wednesday and 31
st
December of the same year will be either
Tuesday (non-leap year) or Wednesday (leap year).
[Q 1 to 4]
4. Miscellaneous (30 mins)
Given below are a few miscellaneous questions, most of them from CAT. Discuss this in this class if
time permits or else discuss it at start of next class. It is given here because if you follow the timings
strictly, you will have time left.
a. Explain the number of times any particular digit appears in units or tens places in any block of 100
numbers (obviously starting from greater than 9)
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b. Explain successive division and remainders
CAT 2002: After the division of a number successively by 3, 4 and 7, the remainders obtained are
2, 1, and 4 respectively. What will be the remainder if 84 divides the same number?
a. 80 b. 76 c. 41 d. 53
c. CAT 2003 (leaked): How many even integers n, where 100n200, are divisible neither by seven
nor by nine?
a. 40 b. 37 c. 39 d. 38
d. Properties of numbers (use of identities, observation and equations while solving the questions
based on numbers)
e. CAT 2001: What is the value of the following expression?
(1/(2
2
1)) + (1/(4
2
1)) + (1/(6
2
1)) ++ (1/(20
2
1))
a. 9/19 b. 10/19 c. 10/21 d. 11/21
If the students cannot get this problem, they have not done their MCQs. There are two questions
exactly similar to this in the MCQs
f. CAT 2002: The integers 34041 and 32506 when divided by a three-digit integer n leave the same
remainder. What is n?
a. 289 b. 367 c. 453 d. 307
g. CAT 2003 (leak): Let T be the set of integers {3, 11, 19, 27,, 451, 459, 467} and S be a subset
of T such that the sum of no two elements of S is 470. The maximum possible number of elements
in S is
a. 32 b. 28 c. 29 d. 30
Again if this problem cannot be solved, tell the students that they have not done the fundabook
thoroughly. There is an exactly similar question in the exercise at end of number system chapter.
5. Exercise (30 mins)
Solve & discuss the exercise.
Announcement: Tell the students in the next class they will have a test on Number Systems and
should come prepared. Also they can get all the doubts on Number Systems.
Tell them to see the set of online tests available in their SIS and start taking the tests as per the
session plane.
Puzzle: If AYE + AYE + AYE + AYE = YES + YES + YES, which digit does each alphabet stand
for. Each alphabet stands for different digit.
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Topic: Numbers Lecture Number: 04 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to identify the effective way solving a test paper as well as what they have learnt in
the first three lectures of numbers.
L Help students to identify the requirement of periodic Self-assessment.
L Help students to boost their confidence up and to identify which areas they need to focus more
upon.
NOTE: Testing process is not to compare the students with each other rather it is to judge ones own
weaknesses and strengths.
Step1: Review Test
L Give them stipulated time but just before that make it very clear that they have to try to solve
RIGHT questions with good accuracy. (To be selective is to be effective)
L Tell them to focus on the accuracy first and then on speed.
Step 2: Discussion
L Give the students some time to calculate their own scores and to be aware of their own perfor-
mance and mistakes.
L Dont discuss about what should have been their score or what one was expected to do.
L Tell them how to select the questions, how to proceed, how to scan the question paper and how
to decide which questions are to be attempted in the first go, second go etc and which questions
are not to be attempted at all.
L Solve as many questions as possible with shortcut/alternative methods and teach them to
make use of answer options.
Step 3: Doubt Solving
L Solve the doubts.
L Always solve the questions with fastest method first, tell them alternative ways later on.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
QA Exercise 6 - Numbers: 4
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1. Tests (25 mins)
Conduct and discuss the test on Number System. Conduct the test as an actual test i.e. do not
discuss each problem one by one. Give the students the test and let them do it independently within
stipulated time.
2. Discussion (30 mins)
After the time is over ask them to evaluate the performance. After this discuss all problems and also
talk about how to choose questions.
3. Doubt Solving (60 mins)
Solve doubts from Fundabook.
Puzzle: A traveler has a chain with 63 links (links means rings such that each ring is looped to
another ring, except the last ring). He takes up a room in an inn with the condition that he has to
pay the inn-keeper one link at the end of each day. What is the least number of links that he has
to cut such that he can honour the condition.
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Question Bank: Numbers
1. In a collage sports meet, there were 841 participants numbered from 101 to 941 and there were
eight events - X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
, X
5
, X
6
, X
7
, and X
8
. The following is the list of the participants who took part
in each events.
1
X 101,102,103,104,105,106.........
2
X 101,103,105,107,109,111.........
3
X 101,104,107,110,113,116.........
4
X 101,105,109,113,117,121.........
5
X 101,106,111,116,121,126.........
6
X 101,108,115,122,129,136.........
7
X 101,109,117,125,133,141.........
How many students participated only in X
1
?
a. 288 b. 240 c. 192 d. 144
2. A set S consists of 143 natural numbers, each of which is a perfect cube. The maximum number of
elements of S that one can always find such that each of them leaves the same remainder when
divided by 13 is
a. 26 b. 27 c. 29 d. 28
3. A box contains 100 tickets, numbered from 1 to 100. A person picks out three tickets from the box,
such that the product of the numbers on two of the tickets yields the number on the third ticket. How
many tickets can never be picked up?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 25 d. 26
4. All integers from 1 to 2000 are written on a blackboard. A single operation consists of erasing any
two of the integers on the board and then writing their product on the board. After 1998 such
operations
a. precisely two numbers will be left on the board but their product will depend on the order in which
the operations are performed.
b. precisely two numbers will be left on the board and their product is unique.
c. only one number will be left on the board and it is unique.
d. only one number will be left on the board but it will depend upon the order in which the operations
are performed.
5. A number N has 6 factors, one of which is 81. In which range does the minimum possible value of
the number N lies?
a.
100 N 200
b.
200 N 300
c.
300 N 400
d.
400 N
6. In the number 160
4320
, after how many digits from the right will you subsets of A, such that P is a
subset of Question. Find the number of ways of choosing the subsets P and Q.
a. 4
n
b. 3
n
c. 2
n
d. n
2
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7. The L. C. M. of 12
th
, 256
9
and X is 24
24
. How many possible integral values does X have?
a. 73 b. 25 c. 1225 d. 1825
8. If in a certain number system the difference of 5333 and 555 is 4445, then the sum of the numbers
3555 and 333 in that system is
a. 5444 b. 5554 c. 4221 d. 2441
9. The number of natural numbers n such that
( )
2
n 1
n 7
+
+
is an integer is
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. None of these
Directions for questions 10 and 11 : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
Set A is formed by selecting some of the numbers from the first 100 natural numbers such that the HCF of
any two numbers in the set is the same.
10. If every pair of numbers for set A has to be relatively prime and set A has the maximum numbers of
elements possible, then in how ways can the set A be selected?
a. 64 b. 96 c. 72 d. 108
11. IF the HCF of any two numbers in set A is 3, what is the maximum number elements that set A can
have?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 11 d. 14
12. If m is a positive integer and 100m perfectly divides 1000! what is the largest possible value of m?
a. 249 b. 124 c. 125 d. 250
13. Let N = 121212 .... upto 300 digits. What is the reminder when N is divided by 999?
a. 12 b. 121 c. 216 d. 666
14. Let f(n) be the product of all the composite numbers less than n. What is the number of consecutive
zeroes at the end of f(102)?
a. 25 b. 24 c. 23 d. 22
15. What is the when 13
400
is divided by 187?
a. 137 b. 1 c. 50 d. 186
16. Last two digits of the number 3
400
are
a. 39 b. 29 c. 41 d. 01
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Directions for questions 17 and 18: refer to the data and below and answer the question that below.
A, B, C, D, E and F single digit numbers such that
A C E
, , and
B D F
are proper fractions. LCM of
A C E 10A B
, ,
B D F A
+
=


I.
10A B
A
+
cannot be simplified further.
II. B is multiple of A.
17. B can be __________.
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9
18. The highest possible value of A + B is:
a. 9 b. 10 c. 13 d. 12
19. (2
12
46), is divisible by:
a. 3 b. 5 c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of these
20. The sum of the digits of an integer is called its digital root. x, y and z are three integers with the
same number if digits such that x + y = z. If the digital root of x is p and that of y is q, then what is
the digital root of z given that there were exactly n carries when that addition is performed?
a. p + q 7n b. p q + n c. p + q 9n d. p + q + 2n
21. 1
13
+ 2
13
+ 3
13
+ ....... + 60
13
is divisible by:
a. 61 b. 63 c. 65 d. 60
22. What is the remainder when 43
3
+ 32
3
17
3
+ 7
3
is divisible by
a. 91 b. 35 c. 65 d. 55
23. If x 1 n + = where x is the product of four consecutive positive integers, then which of the following
is/are true? (CAT 1999)
A. n is odd
B. n is prime
C. n is a perfect square
a. A and C only b. A and B only
c. A only d. None of these
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Directions for questions 24 to 26: Answer the questions based on the following information.
A young girl Roopa leaves home with x flowers, goes to the bank of a nearby river. On the bank of the river,
there are four places of worship, standing in a row. She dips all the x flowers into the river. The number of
flowers doubles. Then she enters the first place of worship, offers y flowers to the deity. She dips the
remaining flowers into the river, and again the number of flowers doubles. She goes to the second place of
worship, offers y flowers to the deity. She dips the remaining flowers into the river, and again the number of
flowers doubles. She goes to the third place of worship, offers y flowers to the deity. She dips the remaining
flowers into the river, and again the number of flowers doubles. She goes to the fourth place of worship,
offers y flowers to the deity. Now she is left with no flowers in hand. (CAT 1999)
24. If Roopa leaves home with 30 flowers, the number of flowers she offers to each deity is
a. 30 b. 31 c. 32 d. 33
25. The minimum number of flowers that could be offered to each deity is
a. 0 b. 15 c. 16 d. Cannot be determined
26. The minimum number of flowers with which Roopa leaves home is
a. 16 b. 15 c. 0 d. Cannot be determined
27. Each of the numbers
1 2 n
x , x , , x , n 4, L is equal to 1 or 1. Suppose
1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 n 3 n 2 n 1 n n 2 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 2 n 1 2 3
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0,

+ + + + + + + = L
then (CAT 2000)
a. n is even b. n is odd
c. n is an odd multiple of 3 d. n is prime
28. Let N = 55
3
+ 17
3
72
3
. N is divisible by (CAT 2000)
a. both 7 and 13 b. both 3 and 13
c. both 17 and 7 d. both 3 and 17
29. Convert the number 1982 from base 10 to base 12. The result is (CAT 2000)
a. 1182 b. 1912 c. 1192 d. 1292
30. If 09/12/2001(DD/MM/YYYY) happens to be Sunday, then 09/12/1971 would have been a
(CAT 2001)
a. Wednesday b. Tuesday c. Saturday d. Thursday
31. At a bookstore, MODERN BOOK STORE is flashed using neon lights. The words are individually
flashed at the intervals of
1 1 1
2 s, 4 s and 5 s
2 4 8
respectively, and each word is put off after a second.
The least time after which the full name of the bookstore can be read again is (CAT 2002)
a. 49.5 s b. 73.5 s c. 1744.5 s d. 855 s
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32. Three pieces of cakes of weights
1 3 1
4 lb, 6 lb and 7 lb
2 4 5
respectively are to be divided into parts of
equal weight. Further, each part must be as heavy as possible. If one such part is served to each
guest, then what is the maximum number of guests that could be entertained?
a. 54 b. 72 c. 20 d. None of these
33.
6n 6n
7 6
, where n is an integer > 0, is divisible by (CAT 2002)
a. 13 b. 127 c. 559 d. All of these
34. F(x) is a fourth order polynomial with integer coefficients and with no common factor. The roots of
F(x) are 2, 1, 1, 2. If p is a prime number greater than 97, then the largest integer that divides F(p)
for all values of p is:
(a) 72 (b) 120 (c) 240 (d) 360 (e) None of the above.
35. If a, a + 2 and a + 4 are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for a is
(CAT 2003 (Re-Test))
a. one b. two c. three d. more than three
36. If
( )
3 3 3 3
x 16 17 18 19 = + + +
, then x divided by 70 leaves a remainder of (CAT 2005)
a. 0 b. 1 c. 69 d. 35
37. The rightmost non-zero digits of the number 30
2720
is (CAT 2005)
a. 1 b. 3 c. 7 d. 9
38. Let X be a four-digit number with exactly three consecutive digits being same and is a multiple of 9.
How many such Xs are possible?
(a) 12. (b) 16 (c) 19 (d) 21 (e) None of the above.
39. How many natural numbers are there for which the remainder is 41 when the dividend is 1997 ?
(XAT 2006)
a. 5 b. 12 c. 10 d. 6
40. When 4
101
+ 6
101
is divided by 25, the remainder is (JMET 2006)
a. 20 b. 10 c. 5 d. 0
41. If x = 0.5, then which of the following has the smallest value? (CAT 2006)
a.
1
x
2
b.
1
x
c.
2
1
x
d. 2
X
e.

1
x
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42. Which among
1
2
2
,
1
3
3
,
1
4
4
,
1
6
6
and
1
12
12
is the largest? (CAT 2006)
a.
1
2
2
b.
1
3
3
c.
1
4
4
d.
1
6
6
e.
1
12
12
43. When 10
12
1 is divided by 111, the quotient is
a. 9009009 b. 9000009 c. 9009009009 d. 9000000009
44. Deepali and Priya have some marbles with each of them, such that the number of marbles with the
Priya is twice that with Deepali. If Deepali distributes the marbles with her equally among certain
number of bags, then she is left with 41 extra marbles. If both Deepali and Priya were to pool the
marbles with them and then distribute the total marbles equally among the same number of bags as
Deepali did, they will be left with only 10 extra marbles. What is the least possible number of
marbles with Priya and Deepali put together, if Deepali says that she has at least 1000 marbles with
her?
a. 3051 b. 3081 c. 3174 d. 3297
45. If q is a prime number such that q + 4 and q + 14 are also prime, how many such qs are there?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. Infinite
46. There are three bags with 100 balls in each bag. Each bag contains balls of two different colours.
Three boys, X
1
, X
2
and X
3
are given these bags say B
1
, B
2
and B
3
respectively. Let B
1
contain white
and black balls. B
2
contains white and blue balls, B
3
contain white and red balls. X
1
picks a white
ball after 3 black balls, X
2
picks a white ball after 2 blue balls and X
3
picks a white ball after 7 red
balls. How many balls would each of them have to pick before all of them pick a white ball
simultaneously?
a. 23 b. 11 c. 12 d. 24
47. The digit in the units place in 1
5
+ 2
5
+ 3
5
+ .... 99
5
is
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
48. The last digit of (1
3
+ 2
3
+ 3
3
+ ... 10
3
)
64
is
a. 2 b. 5 c. 9 d. 0
49. Three persons A, B & C go hunting with a monkey. They had a pile of oranges. One of them tries to
divide the oranges into 3 parts and finds one extra which he gives to the monkey and takes one third
of the remaining. Now another person tries to divide the oranges into three parts and finds one extra
which he gives to the monkey and takes the one third share of the remaining. Now the third person
tries to divide the remaining oranges into three equal parts and finds one extra which he gives to the
monkey and takes one third of the remaining. Later all of them sat together, divided the pile into
three and gave one extra orange to the monkey. Thus, no orange is left. The minimum of oranges in
the pile could be
a. 85 b. 70 c. 88 d. 79
50. The remainder (in decimal system) when (47648)
9
is divided by 5 is
a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 4
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51. For which of the following values of n in the remainder of 491
n
when divided by 7 equal to the
remainder of 492
n
when divided by 7?
a. 585 b. 592 c. 611 d. 623
52. How many numbers less than or equal to 500 are there, each of which is the product of more than
three distinct prime numbers?
a. 3 b. 5 c. 4 d. None of these
53. The numbers (9)
n
, (11)
n
, (P)
n
and (20)
n
are four numbers, in the number system to the base n,
forming an arithmetic progression. Find P.
a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18
54. Rahul writes the number 458 on the blackboard, after which each one of his friends walks up to the
board and is allowed to perform exactly one operation. The operation can be either to double the
number on the board (after the erasing the earlier number)or to erase the last digit of the number on
the board. If after sometime the number 14 was on the board, then what is the minimum possible
number of friends that Raghu has? Assume that no friend walks up to the board twice.
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. None of these
55. If ( )
3
10
729
is expressed as (1001)
x
, then which of the following will be expressed as (11011)
x
?
a. 15 b. 27 c. 13 d. 18
56. In how many zeroes does the number
( )
2
2002!
1001!
end?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 200
57. In a number system, the product of 122 and 41 is 5442. The number 4434 of this system when
converted to decimal system becomes
a. 1030 b. 1010 c. 1020 d. 1040 e. None of these
58. The number 10001000100010001 is
a. a multiple of 11 b. a prime number
c. a composite number d. a perfect square
59. Which of the following is true?
a. 99
50
+ 100
50
= 101
50
b. 99
50
+ 100
50
> 101
50
c. 99
50
+ 100
50
< 101
50
d. None of these
60. The number of ordered pairs (a, b) of positive integers such that a + b = 90 and their greatest
common divisor is 6 equals
a. 15 b. 14 c. 8 d. 10
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61. The prime factor of 2
37
1 lying between 200 and 300 is
a. 227 b. 223 c. 251 d. 271
62. If x, y and z are positive numbers with no common factors and such that
1 1 1
x y z
+ +
, then which of
the following is true?
a. (x + y) is a square b. (y + z) is a square
c. (z + x + y) is a square d. None of these
63. The H.C.F of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is
a. 0.03 b. 0.9 c. 0.18 d. 0.108
64. If n is a natural number, find the remainder when 999 ... 9, upto (2n + 1) digits, is divided by 550.
a. 549 b. 449 c. 499 d. 399
65. In a party, all the guests were distributed tags, labelled with the consecutive numbers starting from
1. At the end of the party, chocolates were distributed such that guests with a tag labelled 1 gets 1
chocolate, the one with a tag labelled 2 gets two chocolates and so on. One of them gets the
chocolates twice. The total number of chocolates that were distributed was 1200. What was the tag
number of the guest who got the chocolates twice?
a. 35 b. 28 c. 24 d. 21
66. MTNL has a waiting list of 5005 applicants for its recently launched mobile phone scheme. The list
shows that there are at least 5 males between any two females. The largest possible number of
females in the waiting list is:
a. 920 b. 835 c. 721 d. 1005
(JMET - 2005)
67. The smallest positive value of x for which the fractions
x 2 x 13 x 26 x 41 x 1913 x 2002
, , , , , ,
10 11 12 13 49 50
+ + + + + +

are in their simplest form is
a. 47 b. 49 c. 51 d. 53
(JMET - 2006)
68. The age of Mr. Chetan in 2002 was
1
90
of his birth year. What is his age in 2006?
a. 30 b. 28 c. 26 d. 22 (JMET - 2006)
69. If the sum of 7 consecutive = 13524, Find the first year?
a. 1919 b. 1939 c. 1929 d. 1918
70. A three digit natural number abc is written side by side to form a six digit natural number
N = abcabc. Then which of the following is necessarily true?
a. N is perfectly divisible by each of 7, 11 and 13
b. N is perfectly divisible by 7 and 11 but not 13
c. N is perfectly divisible by 7 and 13 but not 11
d. N is perfectly divisible by 11 and 13 but not 7 (ATM - 2000)
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71. How many numbers between 5 and 95 (both inclusive) have odd number of distinct factors?
a. 7 b. 9 c. 16 d. None of these (ATM - 2003)
72. A teachers writes 101 numbers on the blackboard, of which 50 are zeros, and 51 are ones. A
student is asked to perform the following operation 100 times on the board: strike out any two
numbers. If they are equal, write another zero. If they are unequal, write a one. What are the
numbers left on the board?
a. Single One b. Single Zero c. Two Ones d. None of the above (ATM - 2005)
73. Let S be a set of any five distinct numbers chosen from the set {1, 2, 3, ..., 7, 8}. Then S contains
a. two numbers which add to 9. b. at least three prime numbers.
c. at least two non-prime numbers. d. at least two odd numbers. (ATM - 1999)
74. Some children stand in a queue and share a box of chocolates in the following manner:
First, Child 1 takes 100 chocolates plus
1
10
th of whatever remains in the box. Then Child 2 takes
200 chocolates plus
1
10
th of whatever remains, then Child 3 takes 300 chocolates plus
1
10
th of
whatever remains, and so on for each child in the queue. It turns out that each child gets the same
number of chocolates. Then
a. there must be exactly 7 children in the queue.
b. each child must have received 900 chocolates.
c. the total number of chocolates initially in the box must have been 6300.
d. none of the above is necessarily true. (ATM - 1999)
75. The sum of four consecutive two-digit odd numbers, when divided by 10, becomes a perfect square.
Which of the following can possibly be one of these four numbers?
(a) 21 (b) 25 (c) 41 (d) 67 (e) 73
76. The number of employees in Obelix Menhir Co. is a prime number and is less than 300. The ratio of
the number of employees who are graduates and above, to that of employees who are not, can
possibly be:
(a) 101 : 88 (b) 87 : 100 (c) 110 : 111 (d) 85 : 98 (e) 97 : 84
77. A confused bank teller transposed the rupees and paise when he cashed a cheque for Shailaja.
giving her rupees instead of paise and paise instead of rupees. After buying a toffee for 50 paise,
Shailaja noticed that she was left with exactly three times as much as the amount on the cheque.
Which of the following is a valid statement about the cheque amount?
(a) Over Rupees 13 but less than Rupees 14
(b) Over Rupees 7 but less than Rupees 8
(c) Over Rupees 22 but less than Rupees 23
(d) Over Rupees 18 but less than Rupees 19
(e) Over Rupees 4 but less than Rupees 5
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78. The integers 1, 2, , 40 are written on a blackboard. The following operation is then repeated 39
times: In each repetition, any two numbers, say a and b, currently on the blackboard are erased
and a new number a + b 1 is written. What will be the number left on the board at the end?
(a) 820 (b) 821 (c) 781 (d) 819 (e) 780
79. What are the last two digits of 7
2008
?
(a) 21 (b) 61 (c) 01 (d) 41 (e) 81
80. Suppose, the seed of any positive integer n is defined as follows:
seed(n) = n, if n < 10
= seed(s(n)), otherwise,
where s(n) indicates the sum of digits of n. For example,
seed(7) = 7, seed(248) = seed(2 + 4 + 8) = seed(14) = seed (1 + 4) = seed (5) = 5 etc.
How many positive integers n, such that n < 500, will have seed (n) = 9?
(a) 39 (b) 72 (c) 81 (d) 108 (e) 55
Directions for Questions 81 and 82:
Mark (a) if Q can be answered from A alone but not from B alone.
Mark (b) if Q can be answered from B alone but not from A alone.
Mark (c) if Q can be answered from A alone as well as from B alone.
Mark (d) if Q can be answered from A and B together but not from any of them alone.
Mark (e) if Q cannot be answered even from A and B together.
In a single elimination tournament, any a player is eliminated with a single loss. The tournament is played
in multiple rounds subject to the following rules :
(A) If the number of players, say n, in any round is even, then the players are grouped into n/2 pairs. The
players in each pair play a match against each other and the winner moves on to the next round.
(B) If the number of players, say n, in any round is odd, then one of them is given a bye, that is he
automatically moves on to the next round. The remaining (n1) players are grouped into (n1)/2
pairs. The players in each pair play a match against each other and the winner moves on to the next
round. No player gets more than one bye in the entire tournament.
Thus, if n is even, then n/2 players move on to the next round while if n is odd, then (n+1)/2 players
move on to the next round. The process is continued till the final round, which obviously is played
between two players. The winner in the final round is the champion of the tournament.
81. What is the number of Matches played by the champion?
A. The entry list for the tournament consists of 83 players?
B. The champion received one bye.
82. If the number of players, say n, in the first round was between 65 and 128, then what is the exact
value of n?
A. Exactly one player received a bye in the entire tournament.
B. One player received a bye while moving on to the fourth round from the third round.
83. Four digits of the number 29138576 are omitted so that the result is as large as possible. The
largest omitted digit is
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 6 (e) 5
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For question 84 and 85, a statement is followed by three conclusions. Select the answer from the
following options.
(a) Using the given statement, only conclusion I can be derived.
(b) Using the given statement, only conclusion II can be derived.
(c) Using the given statement, only conclusion III can be derived.
(d) Using the given statement, all conclusion I, II and III can be derived.
(e) Using the given statement, none of the three conclusion I, II and III can be derived.
84. An operation # is defined by
a # b =
b
1
a
Conclusion I. (2 # 1) # (4 # 3) = 1
Conclusion II. (3 # 1) # (4 # 2) = 2
Conclusion III. (2 # 3) # (1 # 3) = 0
85. A, B, C and D are whole numbers such that
A + B +C = 118
B + C + D = 156
C + D + A = 166
D + A + B = 178
Conclusion I. A is the smallest number and A = 21.
Conclusion II. D is the smallest number and D = 88.
Conclusion III. B is the smallest number and B= 56.
86. If March 1, 2006 was Wednesday, which day was it on March 1,2002?
(a) Wednesday (b) Thursday (c) Friday (d) Saturday
87. Each page of a book is printed and numbered serially on both sides in the usual manner, that is , the
front side of the first page is numbered 1, the back side of the first page is numbered 2, and so on.
Of course, as usual , there is a possibility that the book ends at the front side of the last page in
which case only the front side of this page is numbered and the back side of this page is left blank.
The book has one of its pages missing. The total of the remaining page numbers is 15000. What is
the last page number in the complete book?
a. 172 b. 173 c. 174 d.Cannot be determined (ATM)
88. If p is the product of four consecutive positive integers, then which of the following statements in
NOT true?
a. p is perfectly divisible by 24 b. p is not a perfect square
c. (p + 1) is a perfect square d. (p 2) is a perfect square (ATM)
89. In a certain year, the month of January had exactly four Wednesdays and four Sundays. Then
January 1 of that year was a
a. Saturday b. Monday c. Thursday d. Friday (ATM)
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1. c There are 841 participants identified with numbers
from 101 to 941. The following tabulation gives the
details of the events and the identify numbers of the
participants taking part.
1
2
3
4
5
Identification number of the participants
Event
taking part in The event
E All the participants
X Every second participant starting from101
X Every third participant starting from101
X Every fourth participant starting from101
X
6
7
8
Every fifth participant starting from101
X Every sixth participant starting from101
X Every seventh participant starting from101
X Every eightparticipant starting from101
While dealing with these number, the relative position
with respect to the first numbers is of greater
significance than the number itself. so, let us subtract
101 from the difference as their New identify. So, the
participants with the identification numbers of, 101,
102, 103, ..... 940, 941 will have their New identify as
0, 1, 2, 3 ..... 839, 840 respectively.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
The ' New' identify of the participants who
Event
took part in the event
X All the numbers from0 to 840.
X All the mutiples of 2.
X All the multiples of 3.
X All the multiples of 4.
X All the multiples of 5.
X All the multiples of 6.
X All the mul
8
tiples of 7.
X All the multiples of 8.
The participant with the New identify 0 participated in
all the events. There are 840 participants remaining
840 = 2
3
3 5 4 ( 2, 3, 5, 7 are the prime factors of
840).
So, all the participants numbered with the multiples of
2. 3, 5 and 7 took part in the event X
1
, and at least one
other event.
The number of participants who took part only in E
1
= The number of natural numbers les than 840 and are
relative prime to 840.
1 1 1 1
840 1 1 1 1
2 3 5 7
| `| `| `| `

' J' J' J' J


( J( J( J( J
1 2 4 6
840 192
2 3 5 7

2. c Any number when divided by 13 may leave 13 distinct
reminder of 0, 1, 2, ..... 12.
But cubes of natural number will leave only five distinct
reminder which can be arrived at by finding the
remainder of the cubes.
0
3
, 1
3
, 2
3
, ...... 12
3
, when divided by 13 leave 5 distinct
remainders.
the five distinct reminders are 0, 1, 5, 8, 12.
Hence, if 143 cubes of natural numbers are present .
At least
143
1
5
]
+
]
]
Elements will have the same reminder 28 1 29 +
Hence at least 29 elements which leave the same
reminder are there.
3. b The tickets are numbered from 1 to 100.
Let the numbers on the 3 selected tickets be a, b, N 1,
2, 3, ..... 99, 100
(N) = (a), (b)
Where a, b, N are three distinct numbers. Clearly none
of a, b, N can be 1.
Again, if a takes the 2. then b can take any value from
3 to 50.
All the composite numbers from 51 to 100 can be
obtained by taking suitable value of a and b. But none
of a, b, N can be a prime number, greater than 50 and
less than 100. Required number of numbers.
= (Total prime numbers between 50 and 100) + 1
= 10 + 1 = 11
4. d After 1 operation the number of integers decreases
by 1. after 1998 operation there are exactly two
integers whose product is always 2000.
5. b A number N has 6 factors one of which is 81.
Lwt N = P
1
x
P
2
y
where P1 and P2 are two of its distinct
prime factors. If there are three distinct prime factors
the total number of factors is at least 8.]
The number of factors of N is (x + 1) (y + 1)
= 6 = 1 (6) = 2 (3)
(x + 1) = 1 and (y + 1) = 6 ....... (A)
OR (x + 1) = 2 and (y + 1) = 3 ...... (B)
If B is true, 81 cant be a factor of N.
(A) is true x 0 and y 5 . As one of the factors
is 81 (i.e. 3
4
) the value of P
2
should be 3.
N = P
1
(3)= 243.
N is uniquely specified and it satisfies choice.
6. b Any power of any number ending with 6 (With index
greater than 1) always ends with a 6 and the tens
digit of that power is always odd.
Hence 160
4320
has 4320 zeroes, a six before that and
before that an odd number before that. Hence we
encounter the for 1
st
odd number after. 4321 digits if
we start from the right.
Answer and Explanations
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7. d The factors of the 2 s and 3s in X. There could any
number of 2s from 0 to 72 and for each of these
possibilities. There could be 0 to 24 3s. Thus X can
have 73(25) or 1825 values.
8. c Given 5333 555 4445 or 555 + 4445 = 5333
Consider the sum 5 + 5 = 10 But we have 3 in the right
most place. So, 10 3 = 7 is the base of the number
system
In base 7.
3 5 5 5
3 3 3
4 2 2 1
+
9. a
2 2
(n 1) (n 7) (12n 48)
n 7 n 7
+ + +

+ +
n 4 36
(n 7) 12 (n 7) 12
n 7 n 7
+ | `
+ + +
' J
+ +
( J
For n = 2, 5 and 29;
36
n 7 +
would be an integer.
For Questions 10 and 11:
In set a as the HCF of any two numbers is the same, all the
numbers in set A are of the from ha, hb, hc, .... where a, b, c,
.... are co-primes. Also as we require maximum number of
elements in set a, we can take a, b, c, d, .... as 1 an primes.
10. b As every pair of HCF of any two numbers is a product
of distinct combination of the 25 prime numbers les
than 100. As we want the largest set A, we should
take each prime number on its, own rather than in
combination with other primes. For the lower primes
2, 3, 5, 7, we have choices. For 11, 13, ..... , 97 (the
other 21 primes) we have no choices.
The target 1
st
a has 26 elements, which are a power
of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 less that 100 can be selected in 6, 4, 2,
2 ways respectively. Thus there are (6) (4) (2) (2) =
96 ways of selecting the largest set A.
11. b Given HCF of the numbers in set a as 3.
Hence the numbers are 3, 6, 9, 15, 21, ... 93.
These are the numbers of the form 3p where p is a
prime number less than
100
3
(i.e. primes less than 33).
Further p can be 1. There are 12 numbers in set A.
12. b The number of zeroes at the end of 1000!
1000 1000 1000 1000
5 25 125 625
] ] ] ]
+ + +
] ] ] ]
] ] ] ]
= 200 + 40 + 81 + 1 = 249
The largest power of 100 that divided 1000!
249
124
2
]

]
]
.
13. d When 1000 is divided by 999, reminder is 1.
We can be use reminder theorem to answer this
question./ But first we need to write need to write N in
the f(x). Where n 1 = 999. i.e. n = 1000
For e.g. 121212 can be written as
121 (1000)
99
+ 212 (1000)
98
+ .... 121 (1) + 212
= 121 50 + 212 50 = (121 + 212) 50 = 333 50
= (333 48) + (333 2) = (999 16) + 666.
When the above value is divided by 999. The
reminder will be 666.
14. c Consider 101.
It has
101 101
5 25
] ]
+
] ]
] ]
= 20 + 4 = 24 zeroes at the end.
f(102) is the product of all the composite numbers
between 1 and 101 (both inclusive)
Since the product of primes between 1 an 101 has
only on e zero (2 5) in the end. So, the remaining 23
zeroes at the end of f(102).
15. b We see that Ram
400 400
13 2
Rem
11 11
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
80
32
Rem
11
]
]
]
]
( ) ( )
80 32
1 1 Rem 1
11
| ` ]

' J
]
] ( J
3
Further, Rem
400 200
13 169
rem
17 17
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
( )
200 169
1 Rem 1
17
| ` ]

' J
]
] ( J
3
= 1
400
13 11M 1 17K 1 + +
400
13
Rem 1
187
]
]
]
]
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16. d 3
400
= (3
4
)
100
= (1 + 80)
100
= 1 +
100
C
2
(80)
2
+ .... +
100
C
100
(80)
100
.
= 1 + 800 + (last two digit in each term is 00). Therefore,
last two digits = 01.
For questions 17 and 18:
Statement I A 1 or A does not divide B.
But statement II rules out of the second possibility.
A 1
10A B + is the number between 11 to 19.
Now LCM (1, C, E) = 10A + B 10 + B is a composite
number i.e. an y one of 12, 14, 15 16 and 18 B can
be 2, 4, 5, 6 or 8.
17. b.
18. a
19. c 2
12
46 = (2
12
1) 45
If n is an even integer then 2
n
1 is divisible by 3 and
2
2n
1 is divisible by 5 (2
12
1) is divisible by both 3 and
5 an d45 is also Hence, (c).
Alternatively.
2
12
46 = 4096 46 = 4050
Which is divisible by both 3 and 5.
20. c During the addition of two integers when a digit is
carried over, we are actually subtracting 10 from the
sum of the 2 digits being added and adding 1 to over,
9 is subtracted from the sum of the digital roots of the
2 integers.
the sum of digits of z = p + q 9n
21. c Let N = 1
13
+ 2
13
+ 3
13
+ ..... + 60
13
Now 1
13
+ 60
13
is divisible by 61
(
.
.
.
a
n
+ b
n
is divisible by a + b when n is odd)
Similarly, 2
13
+ 59
13
is divisible by 61 and so on.
Therefore, the whole expression, i.e. 1
13
+ 2
13
+ 3
13
+ ...
+ 60
13
is divisible by 61.
22. c We can write it is
43
3
+ 7
3
+ 32
3
17
3
= (43 + 7) (43
2
43 7 + 7
2
) + (32 17)
= (32
2
+ 32 17 + 17
2
)
= 50 (x) + 15(y)
= 5 (10 x + 3y) which is divisible by 13.
Combining the given term is divisible by 5 13 = 65.
23. a Use the method of simulation, viz. take any sample
values of x and verify that n is both odd as well as a
perfect square.
For questions 24 to 26:
f o e c a l P
p i h s r o w
f o r e b m u N
s r e w o l f
e r o f e b
g n i r e f f o
f o r e b m u N
s r e w o l f
d e r e f f o
f o r e b m u N
s r e w o l f
t f e l
1 y ) 8 / 5 1 ( y y ) 8 / 7 (
2 y ) 4 / 7 ( y y ) 4 / 3 (
3 y ) 2 / 3 ( y 2 / y
4 y y 0
Starting from the fourth place of worship and moving
backwards, we find that number of flowers before
entering the first place of worship is
15
y
8
.
Hence, number of flowers before doubling =
15
y
16
(but this is equal to 30)
Hence, y = 32
Answer for 24 is (c)
The minimum value of y so that
15
y
16
is a whole number
is 16.
Therefore, 16 is the minimum number of flowers that
can be offered.
Answer for 25 is (c).
For y = 16, the value of
15
y 15
16
.
Hence, the minimum number of flowers with which
Roopa leaves home is 15.
Answer for 26 is (b).
27. a Each term has to be either 1 or 1.
Hence, if the sum of n such terms is 0, then n is even.
28. d N can be written either (54 + 1)
3
+ (18 1)
3
72
3
or

(51+ 4 )
3
+ 17
3
(68 + 4)
3
.
The first form is divisible by 3, and the second by 17.
29. c
12 1982
12 165 2
12 13 9
1 1

The answer is 1192.


30. d In 30 years from 1971 to 2001, number of odd days
= 30 + (8 from leap years) = 38 and 38 3 mod 7
So December 9, 1971 is Sunday 3 days
= Thursday
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31. b Because each word is lit for a second,
5 17 41 7 21 49
LCM 1, 1, 1 LCM , ,
2 4 8 2 4 8
| ` | `
+ + +
' J ' J
( J ( J
LCM(7, 21, 49) 49 3
73.5 s
HCF ( 2, 4, 8) 2


32. d
9 27 36 HCF(9, 27, 36)
HCF , ,
2 4 5 LCM (2, 4, 5)
| `

' J
( J
9
20

lb
= Weight of each piece
Total weight = 18.45 lb
Maximum number of guests =
18.45 20
41
9

33. d
6n 6n
7 6
Put n = 1
6 6 3 3 3 3
7 6 (7 6 )(7 6 ) +
This is a multiple of
3 3
7 6 127 and 7
3
+ 6
3
= 559
and 7 + 6 = 13
34. d Given that ( )( )( )( ) F(x) x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2 + +
Putting x = P, we have
( ) ( )( )( )( ) F P P 2 P 1 P 1 P 2 + +
Now P is in the form 6K 1 where K is positive integer
( ) ( )( )( )( ) F 6K 1 6K 3 6K 2 6K 6K 1 + + +
( )( )( )( )( ) 36 2K 1 3K 1 K 6K 1 + + (1)
( ) ( )( )( )( ) F 6K 1 6K 1 6K 2 6K 6K 3 + +
( )( )( )( ) 36 6K 1 3K 1 K 3K 1 + +
(2)
Please note that the value of
K 17
and expression F
(6K + 1) and F (6K 1) always bear the factor 10.
Hence 360 is the correct choice. Therefore option
(D) is the correct choice.
35. a As any prime number greater than 3 can be expressed
in the form 6n 1 , minimum difference between three
consecutive prime numbers will be 2 and 4. The values
that satisfy the given conditions are only 3, 5 and 7,
i.e. only one set is possible.
36. a
3 3 3 3
x 16 17 18 19 + + +
is even number
Therefore 2 divides x.
3 3 2 2
a b (a b)(a ab b ) + + +
a + b always divides a
3
+ b
3
Therefore 16
3
+ 19
3
is divisible by 35
18
3
+ 17
3
is divisible by 35
Hence x is divisible by 70.
Hence option (a)
37. a ((30)
4
)
680
= (8100)
680
. Hence the right most non-zero
digit is 1.
38. e Let the four digit number be aaab or baaa
Since, the number has to be a multiple of 9, therefore
3a + b should be either 9, 18 or 27.
Case I: 3a + b = 9
Possible cases are:
(1116, 6111, 2223, 3222, 3330, 9000)
Case II: 3a + b = 18
Possible cases are:
(3339, 9333, 4446, 6444, 5553, 3555, 6660)
Case III: 3a + b = 27
Possible cases are:
(6669, 9666, 8883, 3888, 7776, 6777, 9990)
Hence total number of cases 20.
39. d
d
y
r
a
c
We have a relation:- d a c r +
So, we should have 2 numbers a & b such that:-
1997 = a b + 41
or ab = (1997 41) = 1956
ab 1956
ab = 1956 = 2
3
3
1
163
1
The no. of different (a & b); satisfying above is given
by:-
( )( )( ) 2 1 1 1 1 1
2
+ +
= 6
40. b
101 101
4 6
25
+
101 101 20 4 25
4 6 4(1024) 6.(6 )
25 25 25 25
+ +
25
4 6 (1296)
25 25

+
25
6( 4)
4
25

+
=4 + ( 6) (1) = 10.]
41. b Go by option, put

1
x
2
(1)

2
1
2
4
(2)

1 1
2
x 1/ 2
Page 45 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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(3)
( )

2 2
1 1
4
x 1/ 2
(4)

1/ 2
1
2
2
42. b LCM of 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 = 12

12 12 12 12 12 6 4 3 2 1
2 3 4 6 12
3
4
is greatest
Note: n
1/n
is maximum when n = e (2.718). Among the
options n = 3 is closest to the value of e.
43. c 10
12
1 = (10
6
1) (10
6
+ 1) = (10
3
1) (10
3
+ 1) (10
6
+
1) = 999 1001 1000001
So, (1012 1 111) =
999 1001 1000001
111

= 9
1001 1000001 = 9009009009.
44. c Let the number of marbles with Deepali = N (N 1000)
The total number of marble with Priya and Deepali
together = N + 2N = 3N
Let the number of bags = N
N = nQ + 41 where Q is the number of marbles per bag
in the first case
3N = 3nQ + 41 3 =
113
n 3Q
n
| `
+
' J
( J
+ 10
(
.
.
.
If total marbles are distributed in n bags, 10 marble
are extra)
i.e. in the second case each bag must have
113
3Q
n
| `
+
' J
( J
marbles and this must be a natural number.
Hence n must be a factor of 113 for
113
n
to be an
integer.
n = 113, since 113 is prime
Minimum four-digit value of N = 1130 113 + 41 =
1057
Minimum value of 3N = 3174
45. b Put q = 3 7 and 17 are prime numbers. Only q = 3
satisfies this condition.
46. a The 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th ... balls that X, picks are white.
The 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th ... balls that X
2
picks are white.
The 8th, 16th, 24th .... balls that X
3
picks, are white.
Hence L.C.M. of (4, 3, 8) = 24
At the 24th ball, all of them will pick a white ball at
the same time.
Hence, before that each of them had picked 23 balls.
47. a The sum 1
5
+ 11
5
+ 21
5
+ ... 99
5
ends in 0 (10 ones).
The sum 2
5
+ 12
5
+ 22
5
+ ... 92
5
ends in 0 (10 twos)
......
.... The sum 1
5
+ 2
5
+ .... 99
5
ends in zero
48. b Let S = 1
3
+ 2
3
+ ... 10
3
=
2
10 11
2
| `
' J
( J
= (55)
2
S is a number ending with 5
S, for all integral (+ve) powers ends with 5.
(1
3
+ 2
3
+ 3
3
+ .... + 10
3
)
64
ends in 5.
49. d Let the number of oranges in the pile be x.
( )
Distribution A B C Monkey Remaining
x 1 2
I 1 x 1
3 3
2x 5 4x 10
II 1
9 9
4x 19 8x 38
III 1
27 27
8x 65 8x 65 8x 65
IV 1 0
81 81 81




For minimum number of oranges
8x 65 146
1 x
81 8


non-integer
For integer value of oranges we get
8x 65 567 65
7 x 79
81 8
+

Short-cut: Work backward from the options to get
the answer quickly.
50. a 4 9
4
+ 7 9
3
+ 6 9
2
+ 4 9 + 8 9
0
= 26244 + 5103
+ 486 + 36 + 8 = 31877 = 2mod(5)
51. a The remainder if 491 i.e. 490 + 1 divided by 7 is 1 as
490 is divisible by 7. The remainder of 491
2
i.e. (490 +
1)
(490 + 1) = (490)
2
+ 490 + 490 + 1 divided by 7 is 1.
Thus the remainder 491 to any power of divided by 7
is 1. Using a similar procedure 492
n
when divided by 7
will have a remainder of 2
n
. These two remainders
can be equal only if n is divisible by 3, 585 is the only
choice divisible by 3.
52. c Numbers which are products of more than 3 distinct
prime factors will have at least 4 distinct prime factors.
Starting from the least possible values, the four distinct
prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7.
a) 2 3 5 7 = 210, which is the least of the
numbers of the required type.
b) If 7 is replaced by 11, the number is 330.
c) Similarly 2 3 5 13 = 390.
d) 2 3 5 17 = 510 which is more than 500,
hence not admissible.
e) If 2, 3, 7, 11 are considered the number is 42 11
= 462, admissible.
f ) 2, 3, 7, 13 given a number 42 13, which is
greater than 500, not admissible
Page 46 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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g) 2, 5, 7, 11 gives the number 770, not admissible
h) 3, 5, 7, 11 gives the number greater than 500, not
admissible.
i) When the first 5 prime numbers are considered,
the product is 2 3 5 7 11, and this is greater
than 500.
Hence, the only possible numbers are as given in (a),
(b), (c) and (e) i.e. a total of 4 numbers.
53. d (9)
n
= 9 = say a
(11)
n
= n + 1 = (a + d) and
(P)
n
= a + 2d
(20)
n
= 2n + 0 = a + 3d
From above equations.
[(11)
n
(9)] 2 = (20)
n
(11)
n
(n 8) 2 = n 1 n = 15 (9)
n
= (9)
10
(11)
n
= (16)
10
and
P = (16)
10
+ (16 9)
10
= 23 k = (18)
15
54. c The required result 14 ca be achieved in exactly 8
steps as shown below
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
458 45 90 180 360 720 72 7 14
55. b Given that
( )
1
3
729
= (1001)
x
9 = (1001)
x
. This could be written as 9 = x
3
+ 1.
x
3
= 8. Hence x = 2.
56. b The number of zeros at the end of n! is the largest
power of 10 that is a factor of n!. It is also the largest
power of 5 that divides n! The largest power of 5 that
is a factor of
( )
2
2002!
1001!
2002 2002 2002 2002
5 25 125 625
1000 1000 1000 1000
2
5 25 125 625
] ] ] ]
+ + +
] ] ] ]
] ] ] ]
| | ] ] ] ]
+ +
|
] ] ] ]
] ] ] ] | |
= (400 + 80 + 16 + 3) 2 (200 + 40 + 8 + 1) = 1
57. a Suppose base is x,
(122)
x
(42)
x
= (5442)
x
i.e (1 x
2
+ 2 x
1
+ 2 x
0
) (4 x
1
+ 1 x
0
)
= [5 x
3
+ 4 x
2
+ 4 x
1
+ 2 x
0
]
i.e. 4x
3
+ x
2
+ 8x
2
+ 2x + 8x + 2 = 5x
3
+ 4x
2
+ 4x + 2
i.e. x = 6 now (4434)
6
= 4 6
3
+ 4 6
2
+ 3 6
1
+ 4 6
0
= 1030
58. c The required number can be written as
N =1 + 10
4
+ 10
8
+ 10
12
+ 10
18
=
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
5
4 20 10 10
4 4 4
10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1
10 1 10 1 10 1
+


=
( )( )
( )( )
5 5
2 2
100 1 100 1
10 1 10 1
+
+
(100
5
+ 1) is a multiple of (100 + 1) and (100
5
1) is a
multiple of (100 1)
So, the original number can be written as a product of
two numbers. The number cant be a perfect square
because it leaves a remainder of 5 when divided by 9,
while perfect squares can leave only 0, 1, 4 or 7
when divided by 9.
59. c (101)
50
= (100 + 1)
50
= 100
50
+ 50.100
49
1 +
( )
( )
48
50.49 .100
1.2
+ ... (1)
(99)
50
= (100 1)
50
= 100
50
50.100
49
+
( )
( )
48
50.49 .100
1.2
.... (2)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we have
(101)
50
(99)
50
= 2[50.100
49
+
( )
( )
47
50.49.48 .100
1.2.3
... ]
(101)
50
(99)
50
= 100
50
+ some positive number
(101)
50
> (100)
50
+ (99)
50
.
60. c Given a, b are positive integers such that a + b = 90
and their HCF is 6.
Let a = 6k
1
and b = 6k
2
then 6k
1
+ 6k
2
= 90 k
1
+ k
2
= 15
So, k
1
+ k
2
= 15 for which we have (1, 14) (2, 13), (4,
11), (7, 8)
But the value of k
1
and k
2
can be interchanged.
61. b As 37 is a odd number is in power of 2.
each prime divisor of 2
37
1 is of the form 1 (mod 2
37).
i.e., 1 (mod 74)
Or 1 (mod 74 3) (to get between 200 and 300).
1 (mod 222) or 223 is the number that divides 2
37
1
and is between 200 and 300.
(The theorem that follows is If P is an odd prime
number then each prime divisor of 2
P
1 is of the form
1 (mod 2
P
).
62. a
1 1 1
x y z
+ +
z(x + y) = xy xy z(x + y) = 0
xy zx zy + z
2
= z
2
(adding z
2
both sides)
(x z) (y z) = z
2
[if (x z) is a factor of z
2
and (y z) is a factor of z
2
then they are known as complementary factor]
let x z and y z share a common factor P
P
2
is a factor of z
2
or P is a factor of z.
that is x and y are also factors of z which is not
true.
Page 47 QA Faculty Manual 2010
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x z and y z are co-prime numbers
If product of two co-prime numbers is a square this
show that x z and y z are also squares.
Let x = u
2
; y z =
2
2
u
z
(where u is a factor of z)
x + y = u
2
+
2
2
u
z
+ 2z
2
z
u
u
| `
+
' J
( J
x + y is a square.
63. c The given numbers are 1.08, 0.36 and 0.90.
The HCF of 108, 36 and 90 is 18.
The HCF of the given numbers = 0.18
64. b Since there are no cannot be determined among the
choices, the answer must be independent of n.
Hence, put n =1 2n+ 1 = 3

999
550
, remainder = 449
Alternatively: i.e. ifs cannot be determined were to
be one of the choices, then the following approach is
useful.
when 999 .... 9 (99 digits) is divided by 11 the remainder
is 9.
N = 9999 .... 9 (99 digits) = 11k + 9 ... (1)
When the given number is divided by 50, we get 49 as
remainder as shown below.
N 9999...9 9999...900 99 +
""!
N 999....900 50 49 + +
""""!
N 999....900 50 49
50 50 50
+
+
N 49
1
50 50
+
N = 50I + 49 ... (2)
k and I are positive integers,
From equations (1) and (2), we get
11k + 9 = 50I + 49
11k = 50I + 40 ...(3)
The minimum value of I for which k is an integer is 8,
also when I = 8, we get k = 40.
From equation (1) & (2), the minimum value of N is 449.
Therefore N can be written as
N = 11 40 m + 449 (where m is +ve integer)
This the remainder is 449
65. c We have to find x such that
( ) n n 1
x 1200
2
+
+
where 1 x n.
( ) n n 1
1200
2
+
<
n
2
+ n 2400 < 0
for n
2
+ n 2400 = 0,
1 1 9600
n
2
+


1 9604 1 9601 1 9601
n
2 2 2
+
< < <
<
1 9604
2
+
99 97
n
2 2
< <
50 < n < 48
The maximum value can n take is 48.
If n = 48,
( ) n n 1
2
+
=
48 47
2

= 1176
x = 1200 1176 = 24. Hence c,
Alternatively,
( ) n n 1
x 1200
2
+
+
where x n
So,
( ) n n 1
2
+
should be a little less than 1200.
n(n + 1) should be a little less than 2400.
Now, 50 51 = 2550
49 50 = 2450
48 49 = 2352
47 48 = 2256
n = 48 and x =24
66. b FMMMMMFMMMMM...
""!""!
Hence, largest possible number of females is
5005
6
= 834 + 1 = 835.
67. c Checking by options and putting x = 51, one can easily
see that at x = 51, the ratios are already in their simplest
forms.
68. c Let age of Chetan in 2002 = x
2002 x
So, x
90

x = 22
So, Chetans age in 2006 = 22 + 4 = 26 yrs.
69. c Let, the first year is a
then, a + a + 1 + a + 2 + a + 3 + a + 4 + a + 5 + a + 6
= 13524
7a + 21 = 13524
a =
13503
7
a 1929
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70. a 71. a 72. a 73. a 74. b
75. c By options checking option (c), four consecutive odd
numbers are 37, 39, 41 and 43. The sum of these 4
numbers is 160.
When divided by 10, we get 16 which is a perfect
square.
41 is one of the odd numbers.
76. e Using options, the sum of the numerator and
denominator of the ratio should be a prime number.
Only option (e) satisfies [97 + 84 = 181]
77. d Suppose the cheque for Shailaja is of Rs. X and Y
paise
As per the question: 3 (100X + Y) = (100Y + X) 50
299X = 97Y 50
299X 50
Y
97
+

Now the value of Y should be a integer.
Checking by options only for X = 18, Y is a integer and
the value of Y = 56
78. c Total sum of the numbers written on the blackboard
40 41
820
2

When two numbers a and b are erased and replaced


by a new number a + b 1, the total sum of the
numbers written on the blackboard is reduced by 1.
Since, this operation is repeated 39 times, therefore,
the total sum of the numbers will be reduced by
1 39 = 39.
Therefore, after 39 operations there will be only 1
number that will be left on the blackboard and that will
be 820 39 = 781.
Hence, option (c) is the correct choice.
79. c The last two digits of any number in the form of 7
4n
will
always be equal to 01.
For example 7
4
= 2401 and 7
8
= 5764801.
Hence, option (c) is the correct choice.
80. e seed(n) function will eventually give the digit-sum of
any given number, n.
All the numbers n for which seed(n) = 9 will give
the remainder 0 when divided by 9.
For all positive integers n, n < 500, there are 55 multiples
of 9.
Hence, option (e) is the correct choice.
81. d Using statement A:
The question cannot be answered because we do
not know the number of byes got by the champion.
Hence, statement A alone is not sufficient to answer
the question.
Using statement B:
The question cannot be answered because we do
not know the exact number of players in the
tournament.
Hence, statement B alone is not sufficient to answer
the question.
Combining both the statements together:
If there are 83 players, then there will be 6 rounds in
the tournament and we know that the champion
received only one bye, therefore the total number of
matches played by the tournament will be 6 1 = 5.
Hence, option (d) is the correct choice.
82. d Using statement A:
When n = 127, exactly one bye is given in round 1.
When = 96, exactly one bye is given in round 6.
As no unique value of n can be determined hence,
statement A alone is not sufficient.
Using statement B:
As we do not exactly many byes are given, in total,
we cannot determine the value of n, uniquely.
Combining statement A and B:
There is a unique value of n = 120, for which exactly
1 bye is given from the third round to the fourth round.
Hence, option (d) is the correct choice.
83. e Removing 2, 1, 3, 5 makes the result largest as 9876.
Therefore the largest omitted digit is 5.
option (e) is the correct choice.
84. e None of the conclusion can be derived. Hence option
(e) is the correct choice.
85. e Given that
A + B + C = 118 (i)
B + C + D = 156 (ii)
C + D + A = 166 (iii)
D + A + B = 178 (iv)
Adding all the four equations, we get
3 (A + B + C + D) = 618
or A + B + C + D = 206
(v)
Subtracting (i) from (v) we get
D = 88
Similarly A = 50, B = 40
None of the conclusions can be derived . Hence option
(e) is the correct choice.
86. c If March 1 2002 is a Monday
March 1 2003 will be Tuesday
March 1 2004 will be Thursday
March 1 2005 will be Friday
March 1 2006 will be Saturday
So when March 1 2006 is a Saturday, March 1 2002
will be Monday.
So when March 1 2006 is a Wednesday, March 1
2002 will be a Friday.
Option (c) is the correct choice.
87. b 88. d 89. c
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Topic: Ratios Lecture Number: 01 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Ratios important in almost all the tests.
L Help students to learn how to use ratios and proportions in solving the questions.
L Help students to discover the importance of assuming convenient values and avoiding fractions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming
to the next lecture.
Step1: Introduction
L Faculty is supposed to introduce him/herself if he/she has not done it ever before in the very
batch.
L Talk something over the importance of ratios (some very easy questions from last few years
actual test papers can be used as examples)
L Make them aware of the importance of answer options.
L Tell them that their first aim will be to be thorough with the basic concepts and to develop a habit
of getting right answers in the first attempt only (Talk about the importance of a good accuracy
rate)
L Tell them that speed is a thing that is achieved very slowly with constant efforts.
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Basics of ratios
2. Partnership
3. Proportions
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
4. Chain Rule
Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next
lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 7 - Ratio: 1
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1. Basics of ratios (15 mins)
Explain how a ratio does not give us actual values but gives us the relative sizes. Take a simple
problem on ages to explain the usage of ratio : If the ratio of ages of father and son is 4 : 1, what will be
the ratio of their ages after 5 years if the difference between their ages after 5 years will be 30 years?
Do take the example of savings and expenditure: If the ratio of incomes of A and B is in the ratio of
3 : 4 and the ratio of the expenditures is in ratio of 2 : 3, what is the ratio of their savings. What will be
the answer if the ratio of the expenditures was also 3 : 4 in this example?
Quickly ascertain that everyone knows dividendo and componendo and proceed to explain that
1 2 3
1 2 3
k a k c k e a c e
b d f k b k d k
+ +
= = = =
+ +
K
KK
K
Ask the students that if
a c
k,
b d
= =
what will the ratio
2 2
2 2
a c
b d

be?
Explain if a : b, b : c, c : d is given how we can find a : d and also a : b : c : d.
[Q 2 and 3]
2. Partnership (10 mins)
Explain how profit is divided in the ratio of product of capital invested and time invested for. Do some
simple problems on this. Finish it off fast and do not spend too much time on this simple topic
[Q. 4 and 27]
3. Proportions (35 mins)
Take the following three cases with an example of each :
a. Direct Proportion (10 mins)
Make sure that in addition to increase in one causing an increase in other you also mention that
the increases are proportional. Thus if one variable becomes 7/5 times or increases by 15%, the
other variable will also become 7/5 times or increase by 15%. E.g. Cost of picnic is directly
proportional to number of people going on the picnic. If 10 people go, the cost per head is Rs. 250.
What will be the cost per head if 15 people go? Remind them that SI was directly proportional to
P, r, n, i.e. if principal doubled, so would SI, if rate of interest became 1/3
rd
so would SI, etc.
Solve the question of diamond falling and breaking into pieces with the value of a diamond being
directly proportional to the square of its weight. The problem is there in your exercise. Solve the
problem now itself.
[Q. 5]
b. Direct Relation (20 mins)
In this case also an increase in one causes the other to increase but the increase is not proportional.
E.g. Amount at SI is directly related to P, r, n. If Rs. 1000 is kept at 10% SI, the interest in 3 years
is Rs. 300 and the interest in 6 years is Rs. 600 i.e. years have doubled and SI has also doubled
SI has a direct proportion. But the Amount after 3 years would be 1300 and after 6 years would
be 1600, i.e. amount has increased but not doubled. This is a relation of corresponding change but
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not proportionality is called Direct Relation. Do

mention that in this case the equation becomes y


= k
1
x + k
2
E.g. Cost of a picnic is directly related to number of people going on the picnic. If 10
people go, the cost per head is Rs. 250 and if 15 people go the cost per head is Rs. 200. What is
the cost per head if 20 people go? Emphasise that since there are two unknowns (k
1
and k
2
) direct
relation needs two equations to be solved. For a good batch it would be worthwhile even to mention
that in this same example it could also have been stated that the decrease in cost per head is
directly proportional to number of people. This example is same as that of fixed price and variable
price per unit. Thus Total Cost = Variable cost # of units + Fixed Cost is a example of Direct
Relation.
CAT 1999: Total expenses of a boarding house are partly fixed and partly varying linearly with the
number of boarders. The average expense per boarder is Rs. 700 when there are 25 boarders and
Rs. 600 when there are 50 boarders. What is the average expense per boarder when there are 100
boarders?
a. 550 b. 560 c. 540 d. 580
Another difference between Direct proportion and Direct relation is that in Direct proportion when
one variable is zero the other variable is also zero (y = kx) but in Direct Relation even when one
variable is zero, the other need not be (y = k
1
x + k
2
)
Solve the problem of the exercise maximum number of bogies that can be attached so that train
moves given that reduction in speed is directly proportional to square of number of bogies attached
(observe the similarity reduction in speed is directly proportional with reduction in cost per head
is directly proportional. Since total cost was directly related, in this case speed is going to be
directly related). Solve the problem now itself rather than at the end of class.
CAT 1999: The speed of a railway engine is 42 kmph when no compartment is attached, and the
reduction in speed is directly proportional to the square root of the number of compartments
attached. If the speed of the train carried by this engine is 24 kmph when 9 compartments are
attached, the maximum number of compartments that can be carried by the engine is
a. 49 b. 48 c. 46 d. 47
No need to solve this problem. Just state it and as a similar problem just done, ask students to do
it at home.
c. Inverse Proportion (5 mins)
Quickly explain that Inverse proportion boils down to xy = constant. Apart from examples of
speed do cover the following two examples as well. The number of days taken to complete a job
is inversely proportional to the number of workers. And so also when the amount of a milk and
water solution is increased by pouring just water, the concentration of milk is inversely
proportional to the amount of solution i.e. C
1
V
1
= C
2
V
2
. Thus if in 30 lts of solution
concentration of milk is 40%, and if the solution is increased to 40 lts by adding water,
concentration of milk will be
30
40% 30%.
40
=
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4. Chain Rule (15 mins)
These are problems of the types If 10 hens lay 10 eggs in 10 days, how many eggs will 1 hen lay in
1 day. These types of problems are a direct application of direct and inverse proportion. All one needs
to identify is the relation (direct or inverse) between the variables. But there is a common-sense way to
tackle these problems without explicitly using any formula. Explain the working of this type of problems
with an example : If 15 carpenters can make 10 chairs in 5 days working 8 hours per day, how many
chairs can 12 carpenters make in 15 days working 6 hours per day. It is ok if you explain the man-
hours-days approach but a better way would be to find the answer directly as
12 15 6
10 18.
15 5 8
=
In
this you have to find number of chairs made and hence start with number of chairs that could be made
i.e. 10. Now multiply this 10 with ratios of corresponding variables. Mentally just get the idea if more
chairs or less chairs can be made because of the changes. If more chairs can be made, the ratio has
to be taken such that it is greater than 1 and if less chairs can be made the ratio has to be less than
1. e.g. since carpenters have decreased from 15 to 12, less number of chairs can be made and hence
multiply with 12/15. Since more days are available now (15 compared to earlier 5), more chairs can be
made and hence multiply with 15/5 and so on.
Give one more example to students: If it requires 5 pumps of 250 watts to raise 1000 lts of water to
a height of 15 mts, how many pumps of 500 watts will be needed to raise 750 lts of water to a height
of 8 mts?
[Q. 1]
CAT 2002: It takes 6 technicians a total of 10 hours to build a new server from a Direct Computer, with
each working at the same rate. If six technicians start to build the server at 11 AM, and one technician
per hour is added beginning at 5 PM, at what time will the server be complete?
a. 6:40 PM b. 7 PM c. 7:20 PM d. 8 PM
CAT 2002: 3 small pumps are filling a tank. Each of the three small pumps works at 2/3
rd
the rate of the
large pump. If all the four pumps work at the same time, they should fill the tank in what fraction of the
time that it would have taken the large pump alone?
a. 4/7 b. 1/3 c. 2/3 d. 3/4
5. Solving the Class Exercise (25 mins)
Tell them to solve all the undiscussed questions in the stipualetd time.
6. Discussion (20 mins)
Explain questions from class exercise.
Announcement : Ask all students to solve all problems of the exercise on Mixtures and Solutions in
the QA Fundamental Book and get the book in the next class.
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Topic: Ratios Lecture Number: 02 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Mixtures and Solutions important in almost all the
tests.
L Help students to learn how to deal with questions based on Mixtures and Solutions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming
to the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
Step1: Revision
L Make sure that the students are well aware of whatever they were taught in the last lecture of
ratios.
L To check there progress as well as to be assured of the above stated fact you must throw some
questions and discuss with them.
L Revision always helps in assessing the level of the class and to identify whether they (or some
of them) need extra sessions (Doubt solving).
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Averages
2. Weighted average
3. Alligation (Simple Examples)
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
3. Alligation (Tougher Examples)
4. Mixing a pure component to a solution
5. Removal and replacement
6. Average Speed and other unusual mixtures
Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next
lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 8 - Ratio: 2
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1. Averages (10 mins)
Directly start with an example as all students are well aware of what average is. If a person with age 65
joins a group of 5 persons with an average age of 62, what will the new average age of the group be?
While all students will be able to solve this, tell the students that (62 5 + 65)/6 is not the most
efficient way. The problem should be solved as follows : The new person is 3 more than the average and
hence this extra 3 has to be divided now among the six members (so that all are equal) and hence the
average will be 62 + 3/6 = 62.5
What is the person joining was 60 years old? If the group also had an average age of 60, the new
person joining would not make any difference to the average. Now the extra with the group i.e. 2 5 =
10 has to be divided among the six person and hence new average will be 60 + 10/6 = 61.666
Two persons with weights 50 and 54 leave a group and hence the average of the group falls from 48 to
46. How many persons were there in the group originally? The two persons are taking away with them
2 + 6 = 8 and each of the remaining persons is giving 2. Thus number of remaining persons is 4 and
originally the group had 6 members.
Tell the students that questions on averages should be done orally.
[Q. 3, 26]
The average of x successive natural numbers is n. If the next natural number is included in the group,
the average increases by
a. depends on x
b. depends on starting number of series
c. both a and b
d.
2. Weighted Average (10 mins)
Start the class by explaining what weighted average is. If one group has an average age of 16 years
and another group has an average age of 20 years, would the average age of both the groups combined
be 18 years? If the first group had 6 members and the second group had 2 members, the average age
of both the groups combined could be found out by
16 6 20 2
17
8
+
=
This is nothing but the weighted
average formula. The group of 16 pulls the average towards itself as it exerts (influences) a greater
weight because it has more members.
Take another example: If a trader mixes 42 kgs of wheat costing Rs. 12 per kg with 18 kgs of wheat
costing Rs. 17 per kg, what is the average cost price of the mixture. In this example explain that
instead of using 42 kgs and 18 kgs, we could just use 7 and 3 to reduce our calculations as 42 : 18 is
same as 7 : 3. Thus average cost per kg will be
12 7 17 3
13.5.
7 3
+
=
+
Ask students to solve all examples of the exercise based on weighted averages right now. Give them
the problem numbers they have to solve and clear any doubts if they have.
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3. Alligation (20 mins)
Take the following problem: If 10 lts of 40% milk solution is mixed with 15 lts of 55 % milk solution,
what is the concentration of milk in the mixture? Its a straight forward example of weighted average
and the answer can be found directly as (80 + 165)/5 i.e. 16 + 33 = 49% without introducing any
variable. But if the data in the problem is slightly changed as : If 10 lts of 40% milk solution is mixed
with x lts of 75% milk solution and the resultant mixture is of 50% milk concentration, what is x? If we
follow the above approach of weighted average we will have to write the equation on paper, transpose
and then calculate :
40% 10 75% x
50%.
10 x
+
=
+
Alternately, to avoid calculation or use of pencil, we can use Alligation. Explain the process of Alligation.
PLEASE MAKE SURE that students dont go back with the idea that Alligation is a cure-all solution for
mixtures. Alligation would not be of any help in finding the weighted average of 10 and 15 with weights
in ratio of 2 : 3. In this case simple formula of weighted average can give the answer much faster than
Alligation. Thus ENSURE that the students understand that Weighted Average and Alligation is the
same. Any problem that can be done by weighted average can be done by Alligation and vice-versa.
Alligation is helpful when the resultant average is given and Weighted Average is helpful when resultant
average is asked.
Ask students to solve all examples of the exercise based on Alligation right now. Give them the
problem numbers they have to solve and clear any doubts if they have.
[Q. 1, 2]
4. Mixing a pure component to a solution (20 mins)
How many litres of water needs to be added to 30 lts of 3: 1 milk and water solution such that the
mixture has milk and water ratio of 2 : 3?
Write this problem on the top of the board and keep the board clean, you have to solve the above
problem in 5 different methods and all of them have to be on the board simultaneously, so use the
board effectively.
Method 1: Equation Method :
22.5 2
7.5 x 3
=
+
Method 2: Alligation with concentration of milk as 0% in water. Thus
75% 40% x
40% 0% 30

Method 3: No Change component : Amount of milk is not changing. Thus milk i.e. 22.5 lts will be 2/5
th
of the solution after mixing. Thus solution will become 5/2 times of 22.5 i.e. 56.25 meaning that 26.25
lts is added
Method 4: Inverse proportion :
C1 V1 = C2 V2 Thus
2
75% 15 450
V 30 30 56.25
40% 8 8
= = = =
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Method 5: Unitary method : Initial Milk & Water is 3k & 1k. Since milk has not changed, make the
value of milk in the second ratio also as 3k. Thus final Milk & Water is 3k & 4.5k. Thus 3.5k litres of
water was mixed. Since initial solution (4k) is 30 lts, 3.5k is
3.5
30 =26.25
4

While the student may get a little overwhelmed, ask them to study all these processes as different
approaches can be useful in different problems. Tell them that they should be sure of methods 3, 4 and
5 as these are shortcuts and will be useful later on. E.g. In what ratio must 3 : 2 milk water solution be
mixed with water to result in a 2 : 3 milk water solution. Using method 4, the ratio V
final
: V
initial
is directly
given by 3/5 : 2/5 i.e. 3 : 2. Thus ratio of mixing has to be 2 : (3-2) i.e. 2 : 1. This was simple because
the ratios just got inverted.
5. Removal and Replacement (25 mins with exercise problems)
Directly start with a problem. From 40 lts of milk and water solution with concentration of milk being
90%, 4 litres of solution is removed and replaced with water. If this operation is done once more, what
is the amount of milk in the resultant solution and also the concentration of milk in the resultant
solution?
Point to be highlighted in the begining : When we remove a part of any solution, we are not changing
the concentration.
Approach 1: Thus when 4 litres are removed, concentration of milk remains 90% and the only change
is that the amount of solution becomes 36 lts.
When water is added (it is adding a pure component to a mixture) and hence concentration of milk is
inversely proportional to the volume and the concentration of milk becomes
36
90% .
40

Again when 4 litres of solution is removed, the concentration of milk remains at


36
90%
40

and the
volume becomes 36.
Lastly when 4 lts of water is added back, volume increases from 36 to 40 and since concentration is
inversely proportional to volume, the concentration becomes
36 36
90% .
40 40

Thus final concentration is 72.9%
The fraction 36/40 is nothing but 9/10 and could also have been thought as the fraction of the solution
left after 4 lts is removed.
Approach 2: When x% of a fraction is removed, x% of each of the constituents is also removed.
Thus when 10% (4 out of 40) of the solution is removed, 10% of milk is also removed and thus 90% of
milk remains. Originally 36 lts of milk was there in the solution and now only 90% of it remains. When
water is added back, amount of milk does not increase and it remains at 90% of 36. Again when the
solution is being removed 4 lts out of 40 are being removed and thus 10% of milk will again be removed
and 90% of it will be left. When water is added, amount of milk does not increase and remains same.
Thus after two full operations, 90% of 90% of 36 lts of milk remains. Since volume of solution is back
to the original 40 lts when we divide this by 40 we get the concentration.
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Ensure the students go back clearly understanding that Final concentration (or volume) = Initial
concentration (or volume) (Fraction left)
n
where the operation is done n times. And that the concentration
or volume should be of that component which is not replaced.
10 lts of 27 : 8 milk and water solution is removed and replaced with water. This operation is done thrice
and the solution now has milk and water in ration 8 : 27. What is the total volume of the original
solution? Initial concentration of milk is 27/35 and final concentration of milk is 8/35. Thus (fraction
left)
3
= 8/27 and fraction left = 2/3 which means that 1/3
rd
was removed and since 1/3
rd
= 10 lts, total
solution is 30 lts.
Ask students to solve all problems of the exercise which are based on removal and replacement. Give
them the question number they have to solve and then clear any doubts that they have.
[Q. 4, 5, 24, 25, 27]
6. Average speed and other unusual mixtures (15 mins with exercise problems)
Suppose a person goes from Delhi to Chandigarh at a speed of 60 kmph and returns at a speed of 80
kmph, what is the average speed for the round trip?
Explain with this problem the concept of average speed. Link it up with weighted average with time as
the weights. Point out to the student that since weighted average is done, alligation can also be done
and the ratio that alligation would result in is the ratio of the time driven at the two speeds and not of
distance. Take an example on this : A man covers a total distance of 200 kms in 4 hours but partly in
bus @ 30 kmph and partly in car @ 60 kmph. What distance does the man travel by car? Using
alligation we have
30 50
2 : 1.
50 60

This ratio is of time driven at various speeds and not distance


covered. Thus he travels by car for 2/3
rd
of time i.e. for
2
2
3
hours and covers a distance of 160 kms.
Take another example of unusual mixtures as follows : A man borrows a total of Rs. 10,000 but part
from one bank @ 6% and part from another bank @ 9%. If he pays a total interest of Rs. 750 per year,
what part the other was borrowed at 9%? Solve it using alligation?
[Q. 6, 7]
7. Class Exercise (20 mins)
Tell the students to solve all the undiscussed questions from class exercise in the stipulated time
limit.
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1. Alloy A is made by mixing metal and X and Y in the ratio of 3 : 2, by weight. Alloy B is made by
mixing metals Y and X in the ratio 3 : 5, by weight. An alloy C is to be made by mixing the alloys A
and B in the ratio of 1 : 4, by weight. Find the ratio of X and Y, in alloy C.
a. 21 : 10 b. 20 : 29 c. 31 : 19 d. 30 : 23
2. The ratio of the incomes of Ashok and Tina is 6 : 4 and the ratio of their expenditures is 7 : 5. If the
ratio of their savings is 6 : 3, what percentage of his income does Ashok save?
a. 53.3% b. 50% c. 55% d. 57%
3. Three identical bottles are each half filled with alcohol solution. When the content of the third bottle
is divided into two halves and each half is poured into each of the first two bottles, the concentration
of alcohol in the first bottle reduces by 10% of its volume and that in the second bottle increases by
10% of its volume. What is the ratio of the initial quantity of alcohol in the first bottle to that in the
second bottle?
a. 5 : 2 b. 13 : 4 c. 13 : 7 d. 11 : 6
4. Five runners - A, B, C, D, and E - started from the same point at the same time, with speeds that are
in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 7 respectively and are running a race around a circular track, A, and C run
in the same direction, while the remaining run in the opposite direction. At how many distinct points
on the track does A meet any other runner?
a. 13 b. 12 c. 11 d. 18
5. A student took five papers in an examination, where the full marks were the same for each paper.
His marks in these papers were in the proportion of 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 10. In all papers together, the
candidate obtained 60% of the total marks. Then the number of papers in which he got more than
50% marks is
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 (CAT - 2001)
6. Three classes X, Y and Z take an algebra test.
The average score in class X is 83.
The average score in class Y is 76.
The average score in class Z is 85.
The average score of all students in classes X and Y together is 79.
The average score of all students in classes Y and Z together is 81.
What is the average for all the three classes?
a. 81 b. 81.5 c. 82 d. 84.5 (CAT - 2001)
Directions for questions 7 and 8: Answer questions on the basis of the information given below:
An airline has a certain free luggage allowance and charges for excess luggage at a fixed rate per kg. Two
passengers, Raja and Praja have 60 kg of luggage between them, and are charged Rs 1200 and Rs 2400
respectively for excess luggage. Had the entire luggage belonged to one of them, the excess luggage
charge would have been Rs 5400.
7. What is the weight of Praja's luggage?
a. 20kg b. 25 kg c. 30 kg d. 35 kg e. 40 kg (CAT - 2006)
Question Bank: Ratio
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8. What is the free luggage allowance?
a. 10kg b. 5 kg d. 20 kg d. 25 kg e. 30 kg
9. A milkmaid mixed a certain quantity of milk with water and sold one third of the mixture. He then
added pure milk and water to the remaining mixture whose quantities were half and one-third,
respectively, of the initial quantity of mixture. The ratio of milk and water now is the reverse of what
it initially was. Find the original ratio of milk and water
a. 2 : 5 b. 1 : 2 c. 6 : 7 d. 7 : 9
10. There are three alloys. The first contains 45% of tin and 55% of lead, the second contains 10% of
bismuth, 40% of tin and 50% of lead and the third contains 30% of bismuth and 70% of lead. They
must be used to produce a new alloy containing 15% of bismuth. What is the least percentage of
lead that can be contained in this new alloy?
a. 66% b. 55% c. 40% d. 50%
11. Two vessels A and B of equal capacities contain mixtures of milk and water in the ratios 4 : 1 and
3 : 1, respectively. 25% of the mixture from A is taken out and added to B. After mixing it thoroughly,
an equal amount is taken out from B and added back to A. The ratio of milk to water in vessel A after
the second operation is:
a. 79 : 21 b. 83 : 17 c. 77 : 23 d. 81 : 19 (JMET 2005)
12. A, B and C are assigned a piece of work which they can complete by working together in 15 days.
Their efficiencies (measured in terms of rate of doing work) are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. After
1
3
of the
work is completed, one of them has to be withdrawn due to budget constraint. Their wages per day
are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 6. The number of days in which the remaining two persons can complete the
work (at optimal cost) is:
a. 18 b. 20 c. 15 d. 12 (JMET 2005)
13. The length, breadth and height of a room are in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1. If the breadth and height are halved
while the length is doubled, then the total area of the four walls of the room will
a. remain the same b. decrease by 13.64%
c. decrease by 15% d. decrease by 18.75%
e. decrease by 30%
14. If a, b, c, d are positive quantities such that a
2
= b
3
= c
5
= d
6
then log
d
(abc) equals
a. 5.8 b. 6.0 c. 6.2 d. 6.4 (ATM)
15. The length, breadth and height of a room are in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1. If the breadth and height are halved
while the length is doubled, then the total area of the four walls of the room will
(a) remain the same (b) decrease by 13.64% (c) decrease by 15%
(d) decrease by 18.75% (e) decrease by 30%
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Directions for question 16: Each question is followed by two statements A and B. Indicate your response
based on the following directives.
Mark (a) if the questions can be answered using A alone but not using B alone.
Mark (b) if the question can be answered using B alone but not using A alone.
Mark (c) if the question can be answered using A and B together, but not using either A or B alone.
Mark (d) if the question cannot be answered even using A and B together.
16. The average weight of a class of 100 students is 45 kg. The class consists of two sections, I and II,
each with 50 students. The average weight,
I
W, of Section I is smaller than the average weight
II
W ,
of the Section II. If the heaviest student say Deepak, of section II is moved to Section I, and the
lightest student, say Poonam, of Section I is moved to Section II, then the average weights of the
two sections are switched, i.e., the average weight of Section I becomes
II
W and that of Section II
becomes
I
W. What is the weight of Poonam?
A:
II I
W W 1.0 = .
B: Moving Deepak from Section II to I (without any move I to II) makes the average weights of the
two sections equal.
17. In a cricket match, Team A scored 232 runs runs without losing a wicket. The score consisted of
byes, wides and runs scored by two opening batsmen: Ram and Shyam. The runs scored by the
two batsmen are 26 times wides. There are 8 more byes than wides. If the ratio of the runs scored
by Ram and Shyam is 6 : 7, then the runs scored by Ram is
(a) 88 (b) 96 (c) 102 (d) 112 (e) None of the above.
18. If 1 Japanese Yen = 0.01 US dollars, 100 Dollars = 5000 Indian Rupees (INR), how many Japanese
Yens are 100 INR?
(a) 20 (b) 2000 (c) 200 (d) 500
19. Aman, Baman, and Raman jointly invested Rs. 60,000 in a small services firm. They decided to
share the profits from this investment in the ratio of their investments. The firm had a very successful
first year and recorded profits of Rs. 1,00,000. Aman and Baman received Rs. 40,000 and Rs.
25,000 as their respective share of the profit. The respective investments of Aman, Baman, and
Raman were:
(a) 30,000; 10,000; 20,000 (b) 21,000; 15,000; 24,000
(c) 24,000; 15,000; 21,000 (d) 25,000; 12,000; 23,000
20. A trader forms a mixture of cement and sand weighing 40 kgs. In the mixture, cement and sand are
in the ratio of 4 : 1 in weight terms. Later, when he adds more sand to the mixture, the new ratio
becomes 4 : 3. Given this, mark all the correct statements.
(a) The second mixture formed is one and a half times heavier than the original mixture.
(b) In order to arrive at the second mixture, the trader had to add a quantity of sand weighing 16 kg.
(c) Had the original mixture been in the ratio of 8 : 3, the weight of the sand in the original mixture
would have been 12 kg.
(d) If the trader sells 7 kg of the second mixture formed by him, and adds 11 kg of a new mixture of
cement and sand in the ratio 7 : 4 to the residual, then the new ratio of cement to sand will
become 7 : 5.
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21. Sumit works as a state contractor for PWD and supplies bitumen mix for road construction. He has
two varieties of bituman, one at Rs. 42 per kg and the other at Rs. 25 per kg. How many kg of first
variety must Sumit mix with 25 kg of second variety,. So that he may, on selling the mixture at 40
kg, gain 25% on the outlay?
(a) 30 (b) 20 (d) 25 (d) None of these
22. Ashok a master adulterator cum grosser sells haldi powder (turmeric powder), which contains five
percent saw dust. What quantity of pure haldi should be added to two kilos of haldi (containing five
percent saw dust) so that the proportion of saw dust becomes four percent?
(a) 1 kg. (b) 23 kgs (c) 0.5 kg. (d) None of these
23. John, Mona and Gordon, three US based business partners, jointly invested in a business project to
supply nuclear fuel to India. As per their share in the investment, Gordon will receive
2
3
of the profits
whereas John and Mona divide the remainder equally. It is estimated that the income of John will
increase by $60 million when the rate of profit rises from 4% to 7%. What is the capital of Mona?
(a) $2000 million (b) $3000 million (c) $5000 million (d) $8000 million
24. Answer the question based on the following Table.
Lactose
Glucose
Saccharin
0.16
0.74
675.00
Maltose
Sucrose
0.32
1.00
Relative Sweeteners of Different Substances
What is the ratio of glucose to lactose in a mixture as sweet as maltose?
(a) 8 : 21 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 16: 9
25. A, B and C started a business by investing 1/2, 1/3
rd
and 1/6
th
of the capital respectively. After 1/3
rd
of the total time, A withdrew his capital completely and after 1/4
th
of the total time B withdrew his
capital. C kept his capital for the full period. The ratio in which total profit is to be divided amongst
the partners is
(a) 1:2:1 (b) 4:1:4 (c) 2:1:2 (d) 1:2:2
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Answer and Explanations
1. c In alloy A, ratio of weight of metal X to the total weight
is
( )
3 3 24
3 2 5 40
= =
+
Ratio of weight of X to the total weight in alloy B
=
( )
5 5 25
3 5 8 40
= =
+
Ratio of weight of X to the total weight in the alloy C
(A and B are mixed in the ratio 1 : 4 from C)
=
( ) ( )
( )
2 24 4 25
40 1 4
+
+
=
24 100 124 31
200 200 50
+
= =
Ratio of X to Y in
alloy C =
( )
31 31 31
50 31 50 31 19
= =

2. a
L 2L
A,Cmeet at L, ,
3 3
Income Expenditure = Saving
6x 7y = 6z ... (1)
4x 6y = 5z ... (2)
6(1) 7(2) gives
8 x = 15z =
z 8
x 15
=
... (3)
Ashoke saves
8
100 53.3%
15
=
3. c
Bottle I Bottle II Bottle III
x
y
z
Initial data
Volume of mixture v v v
Alcohol only x y z
Water v x v y v z
After transfer
Alcohol
1
x z
2
+
1
y z
2
+
0
Total volume now
1
v v
2
+
1
v v
2
+
0
According to the given condition,
x
v
becomes
9 x
10 v
and
y
v
becomes
11 y
10 v
.
1
x z
19x
2
1
10v
1 v
2
+
=
and
1
y z
11 y
2
1
10 v
1 v
2
+
=
20x + 10z = 27x 10z = 7x ... (1)
And 20y + 10z = 33y or 10z = 13y ... (2)
From equation (1) and (2), 7x = 13 y

x 13
y 7
=
4. d When we have five runners as mentioned, with A, C, B
and C in one direction with speeds in ratio 1 : 3 : 4 and
D, E in the opposite direction.
A, B meet at
L
,L,
2

L 2L
A,Cmeet at L, ,
3 3
When, D, E move opposite to A,
The meeting points of A, D are
L L L 2L 5L
L, , , , ,
6 3 2 3 6
A, E are
L L 3L L 5L 3L 7L
L, , , , , , ,
8 4 8 2 8 4 8
Total distinct points 12.
Note:
0
O is the starting point and L is the length of the track.
The details of the meeting points is given below in
terms of their distance from O in the clock wise direction.
In general far the conditions given and the ratio being
n:1 where is an integer greater than 2
Case:1 Same direction
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The distance of the meeting point from O are
( ) n 2 L 2L
, ,......
n 1 n 1 n 1
L i.e. (n 1) meting points.
Case 2: Opposite direction
The distance of the meeting point O are
L 2L 3L nL
, , ......
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 + + + +
and L i.e. n + 1 meeting points.
5. c
100
60
5
x 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6
=
+ + + +
8x = 0.6
x = 0.075
So the marks are 0.45, 0.525, 0.6, 0.675 and 0.75.
Number of times the marks exceed 50% is 4.
6. b Let the number of students in classes X, Y and Z be a,
b and c respectively. Then
Total of X = 83a
Total of Y = 76b
Total of Z = 85c
And 79
b a
b 76 a 83
=
+
+
, i.e. 4a = 3b
Also 81
c b
c 85 b 76
=
+
+
, i.e. 4c = 5b
Hence, b = a
3
4
, c =
5 5 4 5
b a a
4 4 3 3
= =
Average of X, Y and Z =
c b a
c 85 b 76 a 83
+ +
+ +
=
4 5
83a 76 a 85 a
3 3
4 5
a a a
3 3
+ +
+ +
=
5 . 81
12
978
=
For questions 7 and 8:
Let for Raja allowed luggage be A and excess luggage be E
Hence for Praja his luggage must be A + 2E . If all luggage
belongs to one.
(A + 3E) is the excess.
E corresponds to Rs. 1200.
Hence, A must correspond to (5400 - 3600) = Rs. 1800
If E = 2x; A = 3x
So total weight = 2(A) + 3E = 12x
Or x = 5
Hence, Praja's luggage weight = 7x = 35 kg
Alternate method:
Let, Raja = x kg Free allowance = F kg
Praja = (60 - x) kg
According to question
(x - F)V = 1200 (1)
{v = rate of levy on excess luggage}
(60 - x - F)V = 2400 (2)
(60 - F)V = 5400 (3)
Divide (2) equation by (1) equation:

=

60 x F
2
x F
60 x F = 2x 2F
3x - F = 60 (4)
Divide (3) equation by (1) equation

60 F
4.5
x F
60 - F = 4.5x - 4.5F
4.5x - 3.5F = 60 (5)
Multiply (4) by 1.5
4.5x - 1.5F = 90
4.5x - 3.5F = 60
______________
2F = 30
F = 15
Put F in (4)th equation
3x = 75 x = 25
7. d Praja has 35 kg luggage
8. 15 kg (correct answer not present among options)
9. c The data is tabulated below
Milk Water
Initial Quantity 6 m 6 w
After selling 4 m 4 w
After mixing 7 m + 3w 2 m + 6 w

7m 3w w
2m 6w m
+
=
+
7m
2
+ 3wm = 2mw = 6w2
7k
2
+ k 6 = 0 where
m
k
w
=
(7k 6) (k + 1) = 0

6
k
7
=
10. b In 100 units of first alloy, there are 45 units tin, 55 units
lead and 0 units of bismuth.
In 100 units of second alloy, there are 40 units tin, 50
units lead and 10 units of bismuth.
In 100 units of third alloy, there are 0 units tin, 70 units
lead and 30 units of bismuth.
As obvious from the data that whatever percentage
of bismuth present in final mixture is due to second
and third alloy only. So using alligation rule.
Quantity of third alloy
Quantity of second alloy
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Percentageof bismuthinf inal mixture Percentageinsecondalloy
Percentageof bismuthinthirdalloy Percentageinf inal mixutre

15 10 1
30 15 3

= =

Therefore quantity of lead in mixture of second and


third alloy =
3 50 1 70
55%
4
+
=
As percentage of lead in first alloy is also 55%, so
percentage of lead in final mixture will be 55%.
11. a
12. d
13. e
14. c
15. e Area of 4 walls =
( ) + =
2
x 3x 2x 5x
= =
2
x 7x
[7x]
2 2

2
2
2
7x
5x
2
5x
=
2
2
3x
30%
10x
16. c Using A:
II I
W 45.5 and W 44.5 = =
Using B: Weight of Deepak = 70kg (Only after using
statement A)
This is sufficient to find weight of Poonam using the
data given in the question statement. Hence option (3)
is correct choice.
17. b As per the statements in the question, we can write
here
R = 26 W (1)
R + S + W + B = 232 (2)
B = 8 + W (3)
7R = 6S (4)
Subscription R, S, W, B represent the runs scored by
Ram, Shyam, Wides and Byes.
Solving (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
R = 96
Hence (b) is the correct option.
18. c Given that 1 Japanese Yen = 0.01 US Dollars
Therefore, 100 US Dollars = 10
4
Japanese Yen
Also, given that 100 US Dollars = 5000 Indian Rupees
Therefore, 100 Indian Rupees =
4
10
200
5 10
=

Japanese
Yen
Hence, option (c) is the correct choice.
19. c Profit received by Raman = Rs.10000 (Rs.40000 +
Rs.25000) = Rs.35000
Ratio of the profits received by them = 8 : 5 : 7
Therefore, the money invested by them will also be in
the same ratio 8:5:7
Hence, the money invested by Aman, Baman and
Raman will be 24,000, 15,000 and 21,000 respectively.
Hence, option (c) is the correct choice.
20. b, d Initial mixture = 40 kg
S and (S): Cement (C) ratio is 1 : 4
S by weight
1
40 8 kg
5
= =
and C by weight
4
40 32 kg
5
= =
Let he mixes x kg of sand to the 40 kg mixture,
8 x 3
x 16 kg
40 x 7
+
= =
+
he mixed 16 kg of sand to the 40 kg mixture.
Option (A): Weight of second mixture = 40 + 16 = 56 kg
which is
56
1.4
40
=
times heavier and not 1.5 times.
Hence (a) is incorrect.
Option (b): Correct. x = 16 kg, as solved above.
Option (c): If the original mixture was in 8 : 3 ratio, the
weight of sand would have been
3
40 10.9 kg 12 kg
8 3
=
+
Hence, (c) is incorrect.
Option (d): The mixture weighs 56 kg. After selling 7
kg of it, he is left with 49 kg of the mixture. In 11 kg of
new mixture (7 : 4 ratio)
S and is
4
11 4 kg
7 4
=
+
and Cement is
7
11 7 kg
7 4
=
+
In the final mixture
Cement =
4
(49) 7
7
+
= 28 + 7 = 35 kg
Sand
3
(49) 4 25 kg
7
+ =
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Cement : Sand ratio =
35 7
25 5
=
Hence (d) is correct.
In all B and D options are correct.
21. d The problem statement misses the word per. The
last sentence should have had ....mixture at Rs. 40
per kg
Cost price of mixture
40
Rs.32/ kg
1.25
= =
Let the required ratio be x : y

25
32
42
Average cost
Resultant cost
X
Y
Now applying alligation, we have
42 32 y x 7 x x 250
x
32 25 x y 10 25 25 7
= = = =
22. c Pure haldi has 0% saw dust and the adulterated sample
has 5% saw dust in it. By adding appropriate amount
of pure haldi, the concentration of saw dust, in the 5%
sample, can be reduced to 4 %. Applying allegation:
4%
0%
1
4
5%
Pure haldi
4 2 kg (of 5% sample)
1 Pure Haldi
=
Pure haldi = 0.5 Kg. Hence (c) is the correct an-
swer.
23. a 3% change in rate of profit is equivalent to $60 million.
Therefore, profit = $2000 million.
Note : Ratio of stare of profits of John, Mora and
Gordon 4 : 1 : 1 respectively.
24. a Sweetness of Maltose, Lactose and Glucose is 0.32,
0.16 and 0.74 respectively. So by allegation we get,
therefore, we get the ratio of Glucose to lactose as
8 : 21.

0.74
0.16
0.32
0.16
0.42
25. c Effective investment of A, B and C per unit of time is
1 1 1
, ,
2 4 3 3 6 12
i.e. 2, 1 ,2 respectively.
Hence their profit sharing ratio will be 2 : 1 : 2
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Topic: Time, Speed and Distance Lecture Number: 01 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Time, Speed & Distance important in almost all the
tests.
L Help students to learn how to use ratios, proportions and percentages in solving the questions.
L Help students to discover the importance of assuming convenient values and avoiding fractions.
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming
to the next lecture.
Step1: Introduction
L Faculty is supposed to introduce him/herself if he/she has not done it ever before in the very
batch.
L Talk something over the importance of TSD (some very easy questions from last few years
actual test papers can be used as examples)
L Make them aware of the importance of answer options.

L Tell them that their first aim will be to be thorough with the basic concepts and to develop a habit
of getting right answers in the first attempt only (Talk about the importance of a good accuracy
rate)
L Tell them that speed is a thing that is achieved very slowly with constant efforts.
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Proportionality between Time, Speed and Distance
2. Relative Speed
3. Trains crossing
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
4. Boats and Streams
5. Average Speed
6. Games and Races
Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next
lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements..
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 9 - Time Speed & Distance: 1
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1. Proportionality between T, S, and D (20 mins)
Start by stating that speed is the rate at which distance is covered i.e. S = D/T and thus units of speed
is kmph or m/s. Without wasting much time explain the conversion between the units.
Immediately move on to the proportionality relation between T, S and D. Tell them that the proportionality
will be very helpful in solving problems orally.
A train leaves Calcutta for Mumbai, a distance of 1600 kms and at the same time a train leaves
Mumbai to Calcutta. The trains meet at Nagpur which is at a distance of 700 kms from Mumbai. What
is the ratio of the speeds of the train from Calcutta and from Mumbai?
Point out that if two persons leave at the same time and meet, the time they have been travelling till the
meeting is same for both and hence distance is directly proportional to speed or vice-versa.
Speed is inversely proportional to time over same distance. Thus if I travel at 5/6
th
of my speed and am
late by 8 minutes, what is the original and new time taken? Explain using equations and then make
sure you explain how to solve this orally. The ratio of speeds is 5 : 6 and of times will be 6 : 5 and
difference give is 8. Thus time has to be 48 and 40 minutes. Give the students a couple of more such
oral problems. Also take the following problem after a couple of examples : If I go to office at 30 kmph,
I am late by 10 minutes and if I go at 40 kmph, I am early by 5 minutes. At what speed should I go to
the reach on time. The first thing to identify in this problem is that speeds are given and hence I know
the ratio of speeds. Thus the problem boils down to, travelling at 4/3
rd
of my speed, I save 15 minutes.
Thus ratio of original and new time is 4 : 3 and since difference is 15 minutes, they are 60 minutes and
45 minutes. At 60 minutes I am late by 10 minutes so I should take 50 minutes to reach on time and
again since ratio of times is 60 : 50 : i.e. 6 : 5, speed should be 6/5 of 30 kmph to reach on time.
Take the problem of train meeting with an accident and hence arriving late by 15 mins. Had the
accident occurred 30 kms further, the train would have been late by just 7 minutes. What is the
distance between the site of accident and the destination? This problem boils down to over 30 kms,
travelling at 5/6
th
, I am late by 8 minutes. Thus time taken at original speed is 40 minutes to cover 30
kms and original speed is 45 kmph. Next from site of accident to destination, travelling at 5/6
th
speed,
train is late by 15 minutes. Thus time taken at original speed from site of accident to destination is 75
minutes. Since we know original speed and time taken we can calculate the distance.
[Q. 8, 10, 13]
CAT 2001: Three runners A, B and C run a race, with the runner A finishing 12 meters ahead of runner
B and 18 meters ahead of runner C, while runner B finishes 8 meters ahead of runner C. Each runner
travels the entire distance at a constant speed. What was the length of the race?
a. 36 mts b. 48 mts c. 60 mts d. 72 mts
2. Relative Speed (25 mins)
Its not worthwhile to waste a lot of time in going deep in relative speed and simply taking the following
example to elucidate why one adds speed when travelling in opposite direction and subtracts speed
when travelling in same direction is enough : Consider two friends A and B separated by 100 kms. If
they start walking towards each other, A @3 kmph and B @ kmph, in each hour A would travel 3 kms
and B would travel 2 km and with respect to each other in each hour the distance between them will
diminish by 5 km i.e. a relative speed of 5 kmph. Thus to meet they would take 100/5 = 20 hours. Now
after meeting if they continue walking, every hour they would introduce a distance of 5 kms between
them. Thus in opposite direction (whether towards each other or away from each other) their relative
speed will be 5 kmph i.e. addition of speeds.
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Explain the same that if A starts chasing B, every hour though he covers a distance of 3 kms, he would
be able to catch up just 1 kmph with B as B would also move away by 2 kms. Thus with respect to
B, A speed is just 1 kmph i.e. difference of speeds.
[Q. 1, 9]
CAT 1999: Navjivan Express from Ahmedabad to Chennai leaves Ahmedabad at 6:30 AM and travels at
50 kmph per hour towards Baroda situated 100 kms away. At 7:00 AM Howrah-Ahmedabad express
leaves Baroda towards Ahmedabad and travels at 40 kmph. At 7:30 AM Mr. Shah, the traffic controller
at Baroda realises that both the trains are running on the same track. How much time does he have to
avert a head-on collision between the trains?
a. 15 min b. 20 min c. 25 min d. 30 min
CAT 2001: A train X departs from station A at 11:00 am for station B, which is 180 km away. Another
train Y departs from station B at 11:00 am for station A. Train X travels of an average speed of 70 kmph
and does not stop anywhere until it reaches station B. Train Y travels at an average speed of 50 kmph,
but has to stop for 15 minutes at station C, which is 60 kms away from station B enroute to station A.
Ignoring the lengths of the trains, what is the distance, to the nearest km, from station A to the point
where the trains cross each other?
a. 112 b. 118 c. 120 d. None of these
CAT 2002: A train is approaching a tunnel AB. Inside the tunnel is a cat located at a point that is 3/8
of the distance AB measured from entrance A. When the train whistles the cat runs. If the CAT moves
to the entrance of the tunnel, A, the train catches the cat exactly at the entrance. If the cat moves to
the exit, B, the train catches the cat at exactly the exit. The speed of the train is greater than the
speed of the cat by what order?
a. 3:1 b. 4:1 c. 5:1 d. None of these
3. Trains crossing (15 mins)
Again, a topic where you should not spend too much time. DO NOT start with train crossing pole and
other types. Directly start with train crossing a platform. Explain to them that to find the time taken to
cross a platform, the time starts when the engine just enters the platform. The engine (& the train)
covers the entire length of platform. But the time des not end when engine reaches the other end of the
platform. The train has to further travel such that the guard crosses the platform. For this train will have
to travel a distance equal to its length. Thus the time taken for anything crossing any other thing is
1 2
L L
.
Relative Speed
+
Thus if it were not a platform but another moving train, we would take relative speed. In case of platform
speed of platform is 0 and hence just speed of train will be taken. If instead of a platform, it were a pole
or a man, its length would be negligible and would be taken as 0.
Ask students to solve the problems of trains crossing from the exercise of TSD. Give them the problem
numbers to solve and clear any doubts if any. Not worthwhile to take any problem from your end.
[Q. 4, 5]
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4. Boats and Streams (15 mins)
In such problems explain what downstream and what upstream means. Give D = B + S and
U = B S and also that B = (D + U)/2 and S = (D U)/2.
Problem 1: A man travels downstream for 5 hours and again upstream for 5 hours. Yet it is at a
distance of 2 kms from the place it started. What is the speed of stream? Explain the solution using an
equation but make sure you explain the following : Think of this problem as a person in a moving train.
If he walks for five minutes in the direction the train is moving and then reverses direction and again
walks for 5 minutes, he would come back to his original position in the train. However if he (and the
train) was at New Delhi when he started to walk, and now he is at Faridabad (10 kms away from Delhi),
is it not obvious that in the 10 minutes the train has taken him from New Delhi to Faridabad and speed
of train is 1 km/min. Thus in the above problem also had the stream been stationary, after rowing 5
hours in either direction he would have come back to the original spot. But he is away from the original
spot by 2 kms means the stream is moving and has taken him 2 kms downstream in 10 hours.
Problem 2: Two men are at the same point in a stream and start rowing (at different speeds) away
from each other, one upstream and other downstream. They row for 4 hours and then reverse their
direction. Now how long will it take for them to meet? Same as the above problem, as both of them are
in the stream, we could consider the stream to be our reference point and it would take them 4 hours
to meet.
Ask the students to solve the problems on Boats and Streams from the exercise. Give them the
problem numbers and solve any doubts if they have.
[Q. 6, 11]
CAT 2001: At his usual rowing speed, Rahul can travel 12 miles downstream in a certain river in six
hours less than it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual
rowing speed for this 24 mile round trip, the downstream 12 miles will then take only one hour less than
the up-stream 12 miles. What is the speed of the current in miles per hour?
a. 7/3 b. 4/3 c. 5/3 d. 8/3
5. Average Speed (15 mins)
Just remind them the concept of average speed being the weighted average of the speeds with weights
being the time driven at various speeds.
[Q. 2, 3]
6. Games and Races: (10 mins)
Do the problems related to games and races, the ones involving in a game of 500, A can give B 50
and B can give C 50, so how many points can A give C?
7. Exercise (20 mins)
If time permits discuss any remaining problems from the exercise. Since this is a lengthy class,
please solve the relevant problems of the exercise while explaining the relevant part. It will help in
saving some time. If the exercise does not get completed, ask everyone to get the exercise in the next
class on Work and discuss the problems at the start of the session of Work.
Announcement : Ask the students to solve all problems of TSD and get their fundabooks and this
exercise of TSD to the class in the QA session of work. In that session, take up all doubts of TSD.
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Topic: Time, Speed and Distance Lecture Number: 02 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to discover what makes the Time, Speed and Distance important in almost all
the tests.
L Help students to learn how to deal with questions based on Circular motion, clocks, time and
work etc..
L Help students to understand how to go about the study material and what to do before coming
to the next lecture.
L Help students to make use of LOGIC in place of conventional methods.
Step1: Revision
L Make sure that the students are well aware of whatever they were taught in the last lecture of
time, speed and distance.
L To check there progress as well as to be assured of the above stated fact you must throw some
questions and discuss with them.
L Revision always helps in assessing the level of the class and to identify whether they (or some
of them) need extra sessions (Doubt solving).
Step 2: Fundamentals - 1
1. Circular motion
2. Clocks
Step 3: Fundamentals - 2
3. Concept of per days work
4. LCM approach
5. Problems of simultaneous working
6. Working on alternate days
7. Negative Work
Step 4: Class Exercise
Give them sufficient time and if possible discuss few problems from class exercise at the end of the
lecture. Tell them to get the doubts solved with the faculty available at the center before the next
lecture.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
All the things that are to be discussed in the lecture have been summarized in the
following few pages. Read them carefully and dont miss anything.
QA Exercise 10 - Time Speed & Distance: 2
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Start the session by discussing any question that was left in the TSD exercise.
1. Circular Motion (25 mins with exercise problems)
Start with an example: Two persons A and B are a the same point on a circular track of length 500
mts. They start moving in the same direction A @ 20 m/s and B @ 50 m/s. Ask the students how long
will each take to complete a round. 25 seconds & 10 seconds. Ask when next will the two guys meet
at the starting point again. Remind them that this is a problem on LCM. So the guys will meet after 50
secs. Now ask them when would they meet for the first time? As soon as the race starts, B starts
gaining some distance over A and as soon as the distance gained is 1 round, he has met A. For B to
meet A for the second time, B has to gain one full round again. The first time that they meet is also
given by
track length
.
relative speed
Next try to make them understand what is going on in a circular motion. With the same values as
above, they meet at the starting point for the first time in 50 sec. How many rounds would each have
run in 50 sec? A would have run 2 rounds and B would have run 5 rounds. Now explain to the students
that when A runs 2 rounds, he is at the starting point and B is 3 rounds ahead of him. So three rounds
ahead of him is back to the starting point itself and hence they are together. All this is common sense.
Since ratio of speeds are 2 : 5, ratio of rounds covered is also 2 : 5 which explains when A ran 2 rounds,
B ran 5 rounds. Now consider when A runs 2/3 rounds, B would have run 5/3 rounds. How far ahead
would B be with respect to A? (5/3 2/3 rounds = 1 round) i.e. wherever A is, B is one round ahead than
him and thus B is along with A i.e. they have met. This is the first time they have met. This all should
be clear from the following :
A runs 2 rounds, in same time B runs 5 rounds i.e. 3 rounds more. They meet for 3
rd
time.
Multiplying everything by 2/3,
A runs 4/3 rounds (1.33 rounds), in same time B runs 10/3 rounds (3.33 rounds) i.e. 2 rounds more.
They meet for 2
nd
time.
Multiplying original values by 1/3
A runs 2/3
rd
round (0.66 rounds), in same time B runs 5/3 rounds (1.66 rounds) i.e. 1 round more. They
meet for 1
st
time.
Thus points to be noted :
1. When running in same direction on a circular track, the faster one meets the slower one whenever he
gains one full round over the slower one
2. If the faster one has gained n rounds over the slower one, they have met n times. Hence if faster one
has run x rounds and slower one has run y rounds, they have met [x-y] times where [ ] refers to the
integral part.
Now that students are clear about what is happening in a circular motion, When running in opposite
direction matters are more easy. For them to meet together they must cover one round. Thus if faster
one covers x rounds and in same time slower one covers y rounds, they have met [x + y] times.
Ask the students to solve all problems of circular motion that appears in the exercise. Tell them the
question numbers and then clear any doubt if they have.
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CAT 2003 (Leak): In a 4000 meter race around a circular stadium having a circumference of 1000
meters, the fastest runner and the slowest runner reach the same point at the end of the 5
th
minute, for
the first time after start of the race. All the runners have the same starting point and each runner
maintains a uniform speed throughout the race. If the fastest runner runs at twice the speed of the
slowest runner, what is the time taken by the fastest runner to finish the race?
a. 20 min b. 15 min c. 10 min d. 5 min
[Q. 1, 6, 7]
2. Clocks (20 mins)
DO NOT mention that you are going to do clocks. Just keep going with circular motion. If on a circular
track of length 360 mts there are two runners who start from the same place in same direction but one
with a speed of 6 mts/min and other with a speed of 0.5 mts/min. After how much time will they meet
again? After circular motion this should be very easy
360
5.5
=
5
65
11
min. If initially they dont start from
same position but faster one is 120 mts behind the slower one, when would they meet? When the
faster one gains 120 mts over the slower one, they would meet and thus they will meet in 120/5.5 i.e.
in
9
21
11
minutes.
Now mention to them that this is exactly what happens in a clock. The track length is of 360 and the
speed of the minute hand is 6/min and that of hour hand is 0.5/min. At 12 Oclock they are together
and after this they will be together every
5
65
11
minutes. Also the second problem we did was after 4
pm, in how much time will the hour hand and minute hand be together and the answer is after
9
21
11
minutes.
IN 12 hours how many times will the hour and minute hand be opposite to each other? Consider the
start at 12 Oclock. The hands are together. They will be 180 apart after 180/5.5 = 360/11 minutes.
Now onwards they will be opposite to each other only when minutes hands gains 360 over hour hand
i.e. in 720/11 minutes. From now in 12 hours this would happen (12 60)/(720/11) times i.e. 11 times.
Thus in any interval of 12 hours the hour hand and minute hand will be opposite to each other 11 times.
DO NOT do any tougher problem of clocks. Do not spend a lot of time on Clocks. In CAT rarely has a
problem related to clocks come.
[Q. 2, 11, 12 and 13]
3. Concept of per days work (10 mins)
Directly start with an example. If A can build a wall independently in 10 days and if B can build the
same wall independently in 12 days, in how many days can they build the wall if they work
simultaneously? Explain to them that if A can build a wall in 10 days, in 1 day he builds 1/10
th
of the
wall. Please explain to the students that the work done is additive and not the number of days.
Similarly if a person can do 1/x
th
part of a work in 1 day, he will complete the full work (whole part) in 1/
(1/x) = x days.
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4. LCM approach (15 mins)
Take the same problem again and explain it the LCM way. The LCM way does not reduce any amount
of calculations, each and every calculation of per days work approach is also done in the LCM
approach, however fractions are eliminated.
5. Problems of simultaneous working (15 mins)
Take just one or two problems of simultaneous working : A, B and C can independently finish a work in
10, 12 and 15 days respectively. A starts the work and is joined by B after 2 days and then the two are
joined by C again after 3 more days. The work got over in x days. However 6 days before the actual
completion of the work A had left the group and 2 days before completion of work B left C. What is the
value of x? Explain to them that any story can be build but essentially the format remains the same.
Thus, A, B, C work for x-6, x-2-2, x-5 days respectively. Thus
x 6 x 4 x 5
1.
10 12 15

+ + =
Explain why the
RHS is 1 if any one is not clear. Also solve it using LCM approach.
If A is twice as fast as B is and if B is twice as fast as C is and if they all together can finish a work in
10 days, in how many days will A complete the work independently? In problems of this type, explain
to students that C can be substituted by B and that B can be substituted by A. Thus A & B and
C is nothing but
1 1
1
2 4

+ +


A i.e. 7/4 A. Thus 7/4 A can finish work in 10 days and A can finish it in 7/
4 10 = 17.5 days.
[Q 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10]
CAT 2001: A can complete a piece of work in 4 days. B takes double the time taken by A. C takes
double that of B and D takes double that of C to complete the same task. They are paired in groups of
two each. One pair takes two-third the time needed by the second pair to complete the work. Which is
the first pair?
a. A, B b. A, C c. B, C d. A, D
Explain to students that pipes and cistern are also the same concept but a pipe may be an outlet pipe
which is equal to negative work. Ask the students to solve the problems of simultaneous working
(including pipes) from the exercise (you will have to give them the question numbers from the exercise)
and then clear any doubts if they have.
6. Working on alternate days (10 mins)
A can build an entire wall in 30 days and B can demolish and entire wall in 40 days. If they work on
alternate days with A starting on the first day, after how many days will the wall be built for the first
time? It would be obvious to students that in 2 days 1/30 1/40 = 1/120
th
of the wall will be built.
Explain to the students why 120 2 = 240 will not be the answer. Just leave it by saying that on the
120
th
day, B will be working which means that he breaks the wall and it gets completed! Ask the
students that if in 2 days 1/120thof the wall is built, in 116/120
th
of the wall will be built in how many
days? (232 days). Now on 233
rd
day 116/120 + 1/30 = 1 i.e. full wall is built. This explains why the
question had built for the first time. What is crucial is for you to explain to students how to arrive at
the nearest day before completion without any iterations. All one has to do is to subtract from 1 the
work done by A in one day i.e. 1 1/30 = 29/30 = 116/120 because we have to express it with
denominator as 120. Now whenever 116/120
th
of work is done, it will just take 1 more day.
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If things are not clear give the example of a frog climbing a pole of 20 mts. In one minute he climbs up
by 3 mts and in next minute, slips down by 2 mts. In how many minutes will the frog reach the top?
Ask students to solve the problem on alternate working in the exercise.
7. Negative work (5 mins)
There is a pole whose height is 100 metres. A monkey is trying to climb up the pole. But it so happens
that in the first minute the monkey climbs up by 5 metres but in next minute slips back by 3 metres
and so on. In how much time the monkey will be at the top of the pole for the first time?
8. Exercise (20 mins)
Ask students to solve the remaining problems from the exercise and clear the doubts that they have.
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Topic: Time, Speed and Distance Lecture Number: 03 Duration: 120 Minutes
Objectives:
L Help students to identify the effective way solving a test paper as well as what they have learnt
in the first two lectures of time, speed and distance.
L Help students to identify the requirement of periodic Self-assessment.
L Help students to boost their confidence up and to identify which areas they need to focus more
upon.
NOTE: Testing process is not to compare the students with each other rather it is to judge ones
own weaknesses and strengths.
Step1: Review Test
L Give them stipulated time but just before that make it very clear that they have to try to solve
RIGHT questions with good accuracy. (To be selective is to be effective)
L Tell them to focus on the accuracy first and then on speed.
Step 2: Discussion
L Give the students some time to calculate their own scores and to be aware of their own perfor-
mance and mistakes.
L Dont discuss about what should have been their score or what one was expected to do.
L Tell them how to select the questions, how to proceed, how to scan the question paper and how
to decide which questions are to be attempted in the first go, second go etc and which ques-
tions are not to be attempted at all.
L Solve as many questions as possible with shortcut/alternative methods and teach them to
make use of answer options.
Step 3: Doubt Solving
- Solve the doubts.
- Always solve the questions with fastest method first, tell them alternative ways later on.
NOTE: Make necessary announcements.
QA Exercise 11 - Time Speed & Distance: 3
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1. Revision (20 mins)
Quickly revise all the concepts discussed in first two lectures of Time, Speed and Distance.
[Q. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8]
2. Miscellaneous Questions (30 mins)
Explain how to solve the questions of Time, Speed and Distance applying logic.
[Q. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15]
3. Review Test (25 mins)
Tell them to solve all the question of the class exercise in the stipulated time limit.
4. Discussion (45 mins)
Discuss the questions of Review Test. Also discuss the questions from the sheets of last two
lectures of TSD.
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1. Two motorist drive on two concentric tracks separated by 5 m. Their speeds are in the ratio 3 : 8. If
they start racing on their respective tracks they take the same time to complete one round. If they
interchange tracks, the slower motorist takes 5sec to complete one round around his track. Find
the speed of the faster motorist
a. 12 m/ s b. 16 m/s c. 4.57 m/s d. 13 m/s
2. Tripti and Deepti walk back and forth between the town hall and the county station at respective
speeds of 2 kmph and 3 kmph. They start simultaneously - Tripti from the town hall and Deepti from
the county station .If they croses each other for the first time 60 minutes from the start, at what
distance from the county station will they cross each other fro the fifth time?
a. 3 km b. 4 km c. 2.5 km d. None of these
Directions for questions 3 to 5: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
New Heaven Couriers (NHC) sends a person on a motorcycle everyday to the airport to collect the courier.
This person reaches the airport exactly when the plane lands at the scheduled time. One day BHC came
to know that the flight would be late by 30 minutes. So, the NHC person also started from his office 50
minutes later that the usual time. However, the plane landed earlier than was anticipated by the NHC. So,
the airport authorities immediately dispatched the courier through a cyclist to BHC. The cyclist met the
motorcyclist of BHC after travelling for exactly 10 minutes and handed over the courier to the motorcyclist.
As a result, the BHC person returned to his office 6 minutes earlier than excepted. Assume that the
motorcyclist and the cyclist travel at their own uniform speeds.
3. What is the delay in the landing of the plane when compared to the normal schedule?
a. 10 minutes b. 15 minutes c. 20 minutes d. 17 minutes
4. If the cyclist covered a distance of 2 km before he met the motorcyclist, What is the speed of the
motorcyclist?
a. 60 kmph b. 45 kmph c. 40 kmph d. Cannot be determined
5. If on the particular day, when the cyclist covered 2 km before he met the motorcyclist, the motocyclist
spent a total of 30 minutes to complete his journey, what is the distance from NHCs office to the
airport?
a. 20 km b. 15 km c. 12 km d. Cannot be determined
Question Bank: Time, Speed & Distance
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Directions for questions 6 and 7: Answer the questions based on the following information.
Rajiv reaches city B from city A in 4 hours, driving at speed of 35 kmph for the first two hour and at 45 kmph
for the next two hours. Aditi follows the same route, but drives at three different speeds: 30, 40 and 50
kmph, covering an equal distance in each speed segment. The two cars are similar with petrol consumption
characteristics (km per litre) shown in the figure below. (CAT - 1999)
16 16
24
30 40 50
Mileage
km per litre
Speed km per hour
6. The quantity of petrol consumed by Aditi for the journey is
a. 8.3 l b. 8.6 l c. 8.9 l d. 9.2 l
7. Zoheb would like to drive Aditis car over the same route from A to B and minimize the petrol
consumption for the trip. What is the quantity of petrol required by him?
a. 6.67 l b. 7 l c. 6.33 l d. 6.0 l
8. A sprinter starts running on a circular path of radius r metres. Her average speed (in metres/minute)
is r during the first 30 seconds,
r
2

during next one minute,


r
4

during next 2 minutes,


r
8

during
next 4 minutes, and so on. What is the ratio of the time taken for the nth round to that for the
previous round?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32 (CAT - 2004)
9. Laxman and Bharat decide to go from Agra to Delhi for watching a cricket match and board two
different trains for that purpose. While Laxman takes the first train the leaves for Delhi, Bharat
decides to wait for some time and take a faster train. On the way, Laxman sitting by the window-
seat noticed that the train boarded by Bharat crossed him in 12 seconds. Now the faster train can
travel 180 km in three hours, while the slower train takes twice as much time to do it. Given this,
mark all the correct options.
a. If the faster train has taken 30 seconds to cross the entire length of the slower train, the difference
between the lengths of the two trains is 50 m.
b. If the faster train had been running twice as much faster, it would have taken 10 seconds to
overtake the slower train.
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c. Had the faster train taken 24 seconds to cross the entire length of the slower train, the length of
the slower train would have been 100 m.
d. If the slower train had been running at one and a half times of its current speed, the faster train
would have taken 24 seconds to overtake Laxman. (IIFT 2006)
10. A contractor takes up an assignment that 20 men can complete in 10 days. The same assignment
could be finished by 15 women in 20 days. The contractor decides to employ 10 men and 10 women
for the project. Given this, mark all the correct options.
a. If the wage rate for men and women are Rs. 50 and Rs. 45 respectively, the total wage bill for the
project will be Rs. 11,400.
b. If the wage rate for men and women are Rs. 45 and Rs. 40 respectively, the total wage bill for the
project will be Rs. 10,200.
c. If the wage rate for men and women are equal at Rs. 40, the total wage bill for the project will be
Rs. 9,100.
d. If the contractor decides to employ 20 men and 30 women for the project and the wage rate for
men and women are Rs. 40 and Rs. 35 respectively, the total wage bill for the project will be
Rs. 9,250. (IIFT 2006)
11. Five people A, B, C, D, E do a certain job., A, B and C together complete the job in 7.5 hrs. A, C and
E together complete it in 5 hours. A, C and D together complete it in 6 hours B, D, E together
complete it in 4 hours. If all the five people work together, then how much time will be required?
a. 3.5 hour b. 3 hours c. 2.5 hours d. 1.5 hours
12. John takes twice as long as Joe to build a sand castle. Jill takes thrice as Joan to build the same
sand castle. Joan, being the sister of John takes the same amount of time to build the sand castle.
If all four work together, the castle can be built in 1 day. How long will Joan and Joe working together
take to build the castle?
a.
13
6
b.
13
9
c.
13
11
d.
13
12
13. Shyama and Vyom walk up an escalator (moving stairway). The escalator moves at a constant
speed. Shyama takes three steps for every two of Vyoms steps. Shyama gets to the top of the
escalator after having taken 25 steps, while Vyom (because his slower pace lets the escalator do a
little more of the work) takes only 20 steps to reach the top. If the escalator were turned off, how
many steps would they have to take to walk up?
a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 80 (CAT - 2001)
Directions for question 14: Answer question on the basis of the information given below:
The cost of fuel for running the engine of an army tank is proportional to the square of the speed and Rs. 64/
hour for a speed of 16 kmph. Other costs amount to Rs. 400/hour. the tank has to make a journey of 400
km at a constant speed.
14. The most economial speed for this Journey is
a. 20 kmph b 320 kmph c. 35 kmph d. 40 kmph (JMET - 2006)
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15. The duration of a rail journey varies directly as the distance covered and inversely as the speed of
the train. The speed varies directly as the square root of the quantity of coal required per km and
inversely as the number of carriages in the train. In a journey of 25 km, in half an hour with 18
carriages, 100 kg of coal is required. How much of coal will be required in a journey of 21 km in 28
minutes with 16 carriages?
a. 40 kg b. 64 kg c. 54 kg d. 81 kg
Directions for question 16: Answer question on the basis of the information given below:
A tortoise on a beach lays eggs and goes back to the sea where its mate is waiting. One way to reach the
mate is going down 12 km on a straight line perpendicular to the sea, turning 90and swimming for 5 km
on a straight line. On its way down to the sea, the tortoise can cut the water at any point. The speed of the
tortoise on land is 1 kmph and in water is 2 kmph.
16. If the tortoise takes the described route, at what distance from the point where it had laid the eggs
will the tortoise cut the water, if the total time taken is 12 hrs?
a. 7 km b. 8 km c. 5 km d. 4 km
17. A taxi is traveling at a uniform speed. The driver sees a milestone showing a 2-digit number. after
traveling for an hour the driver sees another milestone with the digits in reverse order. After another
hour the driver sees another milestone containing three digits and with the same two digits included.
The average speed of the taxi is
a. 45 kmph b. 36 kmph c. 54 kmph d. 42 kmph
18. A train after traveling 2 hours is detain for
1
2
an hour after which it proceeds at
4
5
its former speed
and arrives
1
1
2
hour late. If the detention had taken place 25 km further on, the train would have
arrived 15 minutes earlier that it did before. The speed of the train and the distance traveled is:
a. 25 kmph, 200 km b. 20 kmph, 150 km
c. 20 kmph, 200 km d. 25 kmph, 150 km
19. Two cars X and Y start from two point A and B towards each other simultaneously. They meet for the
first 40 km from B. After meeting they exchange their speeds as well as directions and proceed to
their respective starting points. On reaching their starting points, they turn back with the same
speeds and meet at a point 20 km from a. Find the distance between A and B.
a. 130 km b. 100 km c. 120 km d. 110 km
Directions for question 20: Answer question on the basis of the information given below:
A group of 10 workers can plough a field in 20 days. This group starts the work and after every two days,
one additional worker joins the group. Assume that the capacity of each worker is the same.
20. Find the time taken top complete the work.
a.
1
12 days
7
b.
1
13 days
17
c.
1
14 days
17
d.
1
15 days
17
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21. In a town, the local trains start from and arrive at the station at fixed intervals and run at a uniform
speed. A boy was walking down the railway track at a certain speed. Every half an hour, a local train
overtook him. Every 20 minutes, a local train passed him in the opposite direction. Find the time
interval between a local train passing a certain point on the railway route and the immediately next
local train passing that point in the same direction.
a. 26 minutes b. 24 minutes c. 27 minutes d. 25 minutes
22. A swimmer jumps from a bridge over a canal and swims 1 kilometer up stream. after that first
kilometer, he passes a floating cork. He continues swimming for half an hour and then turns around
and swims back to the bridge. If he is swimmer and the cork reach the bridge at the same time. The
swimming with constant speed, how fast does the water in the canal flow?
a. 1 kmph b. 2 kmph c. 0.5 kmph d. 1.3 kmph
Directions for question 23: Answer question on the basis of the information given below:
Yogi walked down a descending escalator (a moving staircase) and took 40 steps to reach the bottom
Bhogi started simultaneously from the bottom, taking two steps fro every one step taken by Yogi. The time
taken by Yogi to reach the bottom from the top is same as the time taken by Bhogi to reach the top from
the bottom.
23. How many steps more than Yogi did Bhogi take before they crossed each other on the escalator?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 3 d. Cannot be determined
24. The speed of an engine is 150 kmph. By connecting coaches to the engine its speed decraeses.
the decreases in speed is given by the function d = x
2
+ 3x 2 (kmph), their x is the number of
coaches connected. Find the minimum speed with which the train can run.
a. 1 kmph b. 11 kmph c. 22 kmph d. 33 kmph
25. In an 800 m race, A beats B by 40 m and c by 30 m. If they run at the same respective speeds in the
next race, then by what distance will C beat B in a 400 m race?
a.
24
44
77
b.
10
14
77
c.
15
5
77
d. None of these
26. I take 4 hours less to row down a 12 mile stream than 1 take to row up. For this 24 mile roundup, if
I double my rowing speed, I would take half an hour to row downstream than to row upstream. Find
the speed of the stream, in miles/hr.
a. 6 b. 8 c. 0 d. None of these
27. Three athletes run a 4 km race. Their speeds are as 16 : 15 : 11. Assuming all the three athletes
cover the same distance in each lap, the positions of the other two, when the winner teaches the
winning post, will bee
Starting Point
a. 250 and 1250 m behind the first. b. 200 and 1250 m behind the first.
c. 200 and 1500 m behind the first. d. None of these
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28. Yash Chopras office is 10 km from his home, which he covers in 2 hours,. One day, as he was on
his way to office, he passed his friends office who immediately pointed out that he had forgotten to
wear his shoes. Yash Chopra therefore turned back, put on his shoes and set off the office. As the
passed his friends office, she again pointed out that now he had forgotten his glasses. Yash chopra
again went back, collected his glasses and reached the office 3 hours late. What is the distance
between his home and friends office?
a. 3.75 b. 7.35 c. 8.5 d. Insufficient data
29. Points A, B and C are at the distance of 60.55 and 56 km from point M respectively. Three people left
those points for point M simultaneously: the first person started from point A, the second from B and
the third from C. Which the first person who arrived simultaneously. The second person, having
traveled 40 km at the same speed as the first, stopped for an hour. The rest of the way he traveled
with a speed which is less than the speed of the third person by the same amount as the speed of
the third is less than the first. The third person covered the whole way at a constant speed. Determine
the speeds of the first and the third person.
a. 5 kmph, 1 kmph b. 3 kmph, 2 kmph
c. 6 kmph, 3 kmph d. None of these
Directions for question 30: Answer question on the basis of the information given below:
A tunnel measuring 4 km and 636 meters is designed specifically for two trains to pass simultaneously in
the same or opposite directions. Therefore two express trains of length 400 m each, travel through the
tunnel at the rate 56 kmph and 80 kmph.
30. Assuming that both the trains enter the tunnel at the same point of time (t = 0) from the two different
ends, then the minimum value of t such that both the trains have cleared the tunnel will be.
a. 2 min 45 sec b. 2 min 24 sec
c. 2 min 36 sec d. None of these
31. Assuming that the guard starts walking immediately as he enters the tunnel and the train is traveling
at the speed of 80 kmph, what is the time by taken a guard walking at the rate of 5 kmph along the
corridor towards the engine to clear the tunnel?
a. 3 min 46 sec b. 3 min 53 sec
c. 4 min d. None of these
32. Dr. Desai always goes walking to the clinic and takes the same time to come back. One day he
noticed something. When he left home, the hour hand and the minute hand were exactly opposite
to each other and when he reached the clinic, they were together. Similarly, when he left the clinic,
the hour hand and the minute hand were together and when he reached home, they were exactly
opposite to each other. The least time Dr. Desai takes to reach home from the clinic is
a. 32 minutes 43 seconds b. 35 minutes
c. 30 minute d. 30 minutes 45 seconds
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33. A 14.4 kg. gas cylinder runs for 104 hours when the smaller burner on the gas stove is fully opened
wile it runs for 80 hours when the larger burner on the gas stove is fully opened. Which of these
values are the closest to the percentage difference in the usage of gas per hour, of the smaller
burner over the larger burner?
(a) 26.23% (b) 30% (c) 32.23% (d) 23.07%
34. A cyclist drove one kilometer, with the wind in his back, in three minutes and drove the same way
back, against the wind in four minutes. If we assume that the cyclist always puts constant force on
the pedals, how much time would it take him to drive one kilometer without wind?
(a)
1
3
2 (b)
3
7
3 (c)
3
7
3 (d)
7
12
3
35. Two people, A and B, need to cross a bridge. A can cross the bridge in 10 minutes and B can cross
in 5 minutes. There is also a bicycle available and any person can cross the bride in 1 minute with
the bicycle. Then the shortest time that both men can get across the bridge is nearest to
a. 7.23 minutes b. 3.77 minutes c. 2.72 minutes d. 2.12 minutes (ATM)
36. Arun, Barun and Kiranmala start from the same place and travel in the same direction at speeds
of 30, 40 and 60 km per hour respectively. Barun starts two hours after Arun. If Barun and
Kiranmala overtake Arun at the same instant, how many hours after Arun did Kiranmala start?
(a) 3 (b) 3.5 (c) 4 (d) 4.5 (e) 5
Directions for Questions 37 and 38: Answer the following questions based on the information given below:
Cities A and B are in different time zones. A is located 3000 km east of B. The table below describes the
schedule of an airline operating non-stop flights between A and B. All the times indicated are local and on
the same day.
Departure Arrival
City Time City Time
B 8:00 am A 3:00 pm
A 4:00 pm B 8:00 pm
Assume that planes cruise at the same speed in both directions. However, the effective speed is influenced
by a steady wind blowing from east to west at 50 km per hour.
37. What is the time difference between A and B?
(a) 1 hour and 30 minutes (b) 2 hours (c) 2 hours and 30 minutes
(d) 1 hour (e) Cannot be determined
38. What is the planes cruising speed in km per hour?
(a) 700 (b) 550 (c) 600
(d) 500 (e) Cannot be determined.
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39. Rahim plans to drive from city A to station C, at the speed of 70 km per hour, to catch a train arriving
there from B. He must reach C at least 15 minutes before the arrival of the train. The train leaves B,
located 500 km south of A, at 8:00 am and travels at a speed of 50 km per hour. It is known that C
is located between west and northwest of B, with BC at 60to AB. Also, C is located between south
and southwest of A with AC at 30to AB. The latest time by which Rahim must leave A and still
catch the train is closest to
(a) 6 : 15 am (b) 6 : 30 am (c) 6 :45 am (d) 7 : 00 am (e) 7 : 15 am
40. Rajiv is a student in a business school. After every test he calculates his cumulative average. QT
and OB were his last two tests.83 marks in QT increased his average by 2. 75 marks in OB
further increased his average by 1. Reasoning is the next test, if he gets 51 in Reasoning, his
average will be ___?
(a) 59 (b) 60 (c) 61 (d) 62 (e) 63
41. A train left station X at A hour B minutes. It reached station Y at B hour C minutes on the same day,
after travelling for C hour A minutes (clock shows time from 0 hours to 24 hours). Number of possible
value (s) of A is ___.
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (e) None of the above.
42. Rajesh walks to and fro to a shopping mall. He spends 30 minutes shopping. If he walks at speed
of 10 km an hour, he returns to home at 19.00 hours. If he walks at 15 km an hour, he returns to
home at 18.30 hours. How fast must he walk in order to return at 18.15 hours?
(a) 17.5 km/hour (b) 17.5 km/hour (c) 18 km/hour
(d) 19 km/hour (e) None of the above.
43. Sangeeta and Swati bought two wristwatches from Jamshedpur Electronics at 11.40 A.M. IST.
After purchasing they found that when 60 minutes elapses on a correct clock (IST), Sangeetas
wristwatch registers 62 minutes whereas Swatis wristwatch registers 56 minutes. Later in the
day Sangeetas wristwatch reads 10 P.M., then the time on Swatis wristwatch is:
(a) 8:40 PM (b) 9:00 PM (c) 9:20 PM (d) 9:40 PM (e) Cannot be calculated.
44. An artist has completed on fourth of a rectangular oil paining. When he will paint another 100 square
centimeters of the painting, he would complete three quarters of the painting. If the height of the oil
painting is 10 centimeters, determine the length (in centimeters) of t he oil painting
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 25
45. Pavan builds an overhead tank in his house, which has three taps attached to it. While the first tap
can fill the tank in 12 hours, the second one takes one and a half times more than the first one to fill
it completely. A third tap is attached to the tank which empties it in 36 hours. Now one day, in order
to fill the tank, Pavan opens the first tap and after two hours opens the second tap as well. However;
at the end of the sixth hour, he realizes that the third tap has been kept open right from he beginning
and promptly closes it. What will be the total time required to fill the tank?
(a) 8 hours 48 minutes (b) 9 hours 12 minutes
(c) 9 hours 36 minutes (d) 8 hours 30 minutes
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46. The digging work of the DMRC on the Adohini-Andheriamore stretch requires Twenty-four men to
complete the work in sixteen days. As a part of the task if DMRC were to hire Thirty-two women,
they can complete the same work in twenty-four days. Sixteen men and sixteen women started
working and worked for twelve days. Due to time bound schedule the work had to be completed in
remaining 2 days, for which how many more men are to be employed?
(a) 48 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 16
47. The Ghaziabad-Hapur-Merut EMU and the Meerut-Hapur-Ghaziabad EMU start at the same time
from Gahaziabad and Meerut and proceed towards each other at 16 km/hr and 21 km/hr respec-
tively. When they meet, it is found that one train has traveled 60 km more than the other. The
distance between two stations is:
(a) 445 km (b) 444 km (c) 440 km (d) 450 km
48. A boat goes 30 km. upstream and 44 km. downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km
upstream and 55 km down-stream. The speed of the boat in still water is:
(a) 3 km/hour (b) 4km/hour (c) 8km/hour (d) None of the above
49. Delhi Metro Corporation engaged 25,000 workers to complete the project of IP state to Dwarka
Metro Line in 4 years. At the end of the first year 10% workers were shifted to the other projects
of Delhi Metro. At the end of second year again 5% workers were reduced. However, the number
of workers increased by 10% at the end of the third year to complete the above project in time.
What was the size of work force during the fourth year?
(a) 23145 (b) 23131 (c) 23512 (d) 23513
50. A flight of Jet Airways from Delhi to Mumbai has an average speed of 700 kilometres per hour
without any stoppage, whereas a flight of Kingfisher from Delhi to Mumbai has an average speed
of 560 kilometers per hour with stoppage at Baroda. What is the average stoppage time per hour
of Kingfisher flight if both the planes fly at the same speed?
(a) 8 minutes (b) 12 minutes (c) 16 minutes (d) 24 minutes
51. Two sea trawlers left a sea port simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular directions. Half an
hour later, the shortest distance between them was 17 km, and another 15 minutes later, one sea
trawler was 10.5 km farther from the origin than the other. Find the speed of each sea trawler.
(a) 16 km/h, 30 km/h
(b) 18 km/h, 24 km/h
(c) 20 km/h, 22 km/h
(d) 18 km/h, 36 km/h
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Answers and Explanations
1. b Let the radius of the inner circular track be r m.
(r + 5) m is the radius of the outer circular track.
Ratio of speeds of the cyclists is
2
3
.
Since they both complete one round on their respective
tracks in the same time, the slower cyclist must be on
the inner track and the faster on the outer track.
Time
Distance
Speed

( )
2 r 2
r 10 m
2 r 5 3


+
The slower cyclist takes 5 sec to complete one round
of the longer track.
Let v m/s be the speed of the slower cyclist then,
( ) 2 10 5 2 15
V 6 m/ s
5 5
+

Speed of the faster cyclist =
8
6 16 m/ s
3

2. a Relative speed of Tripti with respect to Deepti
= 2 + 3 kmph = 5 kmph
Distance = speed time =
60
5 5 km
60

the distance covered by both of them, when they
cross each other for the first time is 5 km.
5 km.
2 kmph
Tripti
3kmph
Deepti
A B
Let the distance covered by Vicky and Nicky when
they cross each other for the first time be AB.
For such a situation, when the ratio of Speeds = 2 : 3
it can be observed that distance covered by both 07
them put together, between and two consecutive
meetings is always twice the distance AB.
When they cross each other fro the 2nd time, they
must have covered a distance of AB + 2AB
When they cross each other for the 3rd time. They
must have crossed AB + 4AB.
Total distance covered by them when they cross
each other for the fifth time is = AB + 4 (2AB) = 9 AB
= 5 (9) = 45 km.
Time taken
45
9hr
5

Distance from the county station = 3 9 = 27 km.
= 5 4 + 2
= 2. km from the town hall.
i.e. 3 km from the county station
12 kmph
Tripti
18 kmph
Deepti
A B
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
(1) (2)
(Town Hall) (County station)
(5) (4)
Triptis and Deeptis speeds are in the ratio of 2 : 3,
Dividing the total distance between A and B into 5
equal parts by
( )
1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 4
P ,P ,P ,P AP PP P P P P P B x say
we see that Tripti covers 4 parts and Deepti 6 parts
before they meet again. Their meetings are tabulated
below.
2
4
4
2
Distance Distance
Meeting Meeting
Covered Covered
Number Point
by Tripti by Deepti
1 2x 3x P
2 6x 9x P
3 10x 15x A
4 14x 21x P
5 18x 27x P
( )
60
AB 2 3 km 5 km.
60
| `
+
' J
( J
( )
2
3
BP 5 km 3km.
5

Solutions for questions 3 to 5:
P
R
Q
NHC
Airport
Let R the point where the cyclist hands over the mail to the
motorcyclist.
The motorcyclist saved 6 minutes by not traveling the distance
RQ and QR (both of which are equal). Hence the motorcyclist
is 3 minutes away from the airport when he met the cyclist.
The cyclist has travelled for 10 minutes.
This means that by the time motorcyclist met the cyclist, it was
10 minutes since the flight landed.
3. d Had the motorcyclist continued towards the airport,
after he met the cyclist he would have reached the
airport in another 3 minutes.
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When he met the cyclist, it was already 10 minutes
since the plane landed, so, when he reaches the
airport, it will be 13 minutes (10 +3) since the flight
landed.
On that particular day, the flight was expected to be
delayed by 30 minutes and the landing was expected
to take place at the time the motorcyclist reached the
airport.
Since the flight landed 13 minutes prior to the
motorcyclist reaching the airport, the plane landed 13
minutes (30 13) later than normal schedule.
4. c RQ = 2 km which would have been covered by the
motorcyclist in 3 minutes.
Hence, in 1 hour, he covers (2)
60
3
| `
' J
( J
So, his speed is 40 kmph
5. c Time taken to cover PR
30
15 min utes
2

Time taken for RQ = 3 minutes
Time taken for the total journey from office to airport =
18 minutes
Speed = 40 kmph (as per previous question)
Hence, distance PQ =
18
40 12 km
60
| `

' J
( J
6. c Distance between A and B = (35 2) + (45 2)
= 160 km.
Distance covered by Aditi in each speed segment
=
160
3
Hence, total petrol consumed
=
160 1 160 1 160 1
8.9l
3 16 3 24 3 16
| ` | ` | `
+ +
' J ' J ' J
( J ( J ( J
7. a For minimum petrol consumption, Zoheb should drive
at 40 kmph, petrol consumption =
160
24
= 6.67 l.
8. c As options are independent of n Let n = 2
Time taken for first round =
1
1 2 4 7.5 minutes
2
+ + +
Time taken for second round = 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 = 120
minutes
120
Ratio 16
7.5

9.(a,c,d)
Laxman takes the first train which is the slower one.
Bharat takes the faster train.
Let the trains be A and B respectively.
Speed of the faster train, train B =
180 km
60 km/ hr
3 hr

B
V 60 km/ hr
As train A takes twice the time, so
A
V 30 km/ hr
Speed of train B, w.r.t. Laxman (when he is sitting in
the train A) is 60 30 = 30 km/hr
Laxman observes the train B, pass by him in 12
seconds. If L
B
were the length of the faster train then,
B
L
30 km/ hr
12 seconds

B
30 1000
L 12
3600


m
B
L 100 m
Option a:
A B
L L
30 km/ hr
30 seconds
+

{L
A
= Length of the slower train}
A B
30 1000
L L 30
3600

+
A B
L L 250 m +
( )
A
L 250 100 m or L
A
= 150 m
So, L
A
L
B
= 50 m
option (A) is correct.
Option (b) If V
B
= 60 2 = 120 km/hr
V
A
= 30 km/hr, as before.
To overtake, train A; train B has to cover its length, L
A
.
As we cannot determine the length of the slower
train, we cannot find the time taken in overtake.
Hence, (b) is not correct.
Option (c): V
A
= 30 km/hr
V
B
= 60 km/hr
A B
L L
30 km/ hr
24
+

( )
A
1000
L 100 30 24
3600
+
L
A
= 200 100
L
A
= 100 m
Option (c) is correct.
Option (d): A
3
V 30 45 km/ hr
2

B
V 60 km/ hr
B
L 100
15 km/ hr m
t t

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100 m 3600
t
15 1000

= 24 seconds
Hence (d) is correct.
10.(a,b,d)
20 men can finish the work in 10 days and 15 women
can finish it in 20 days.
From here we can say that
20 10 M = 15 20 W
2M = 3W (i)
Hence 10 Men and 10 Women together can finish the
work in N days such that
{N = Number of Days taken working together.}
20 15 = 25 N
N = 12
Option (a) Total wage for Men = 12 50 10
= Rs. 6000
Total wage for Women = 12 10 45
= Rs. 5400
Total wage bill = Rs. 11400
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Option (b) Total wage for Men = 12 10 45
= Rs. 5400
Total wage for Women = 12 10 40
= Rs. 4800
Total wage bill = Rs. 10200
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Option (b) Total wage for Men = 12 10 40
= Rs. 4800
Total wage for Women = 12 10 40
= Rs. 4800
Total wage bill = Rs. 9600
Hence, option (b) is not correct.
Option (d) If 20 Men and 30 Women are employed.
Then, together they way finish the work in N days
such that
20 15 = 60 N {320 M = 30 W}
N = 5
Total wage for Men = 5 20 40 = Rs. 4000
Total wage for Women = 5 30 35 = Rs. 5250
Total wage bill = Rs. 9250
Hence, option (d) is correct.
11. c According to the problem
1 1 1 1
A B C 7.5
+ +
------ (a)
1 1 1 1
A C E 5
+ +
------ (b)
1 1 1 1
A C D 6
+ +
-------(c)
1 1 1 1
B D E 4
+ +
------- (d)
By (a) + (b) + (c)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3
A C B D E 7.5 5 6
| `
+ + + + + +
' J
( J
=
1 11
7.5 30
+
1 1 1 1 1
A C 3 2 6
| ` | `
+
' J ' J
( J ( J
Adding to (d),
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
A B C D E 6 4 12
+ + + + +
Time required = 2.5 hrs
12. b Let Joe take X days to build the castle. Then:
John 2x days
Joan 2x days
Jill 6x days
Thus they together will take:
1 1 1 1 13
1which gives x
2x 2x 6x x 6
+ + +
Thus Joan and Joe will take
1 13
6 3 9
13 13

| `
+
' J
( J
13. b If Shyam takes 1 min for every 3 steps, then he takes
3
1
min for every step.
For 25 steps, he takes
3
25
min, i.e. 8.33 min.
So Vyom takes
2
1
min for every step.
For 20 steps, he takes
2
20
min, i.e. 10 min.
Difference between their time = 1.66 min.
Escalator takes 5 steps in 1.66 min and difference in
number of steps covered = 5
Speed of escalator is 1 step for 0.33 min,
i.e. 3 steps per minute.
If escalator is moving, then Shyam takes 25 steps and
escalator also takes 25 steps.
Hence, total number of steps = 50.
14. d Cost of fuel is proportional to square of the speed.
E = KS
2
64 = K(16)
2

1
K
4

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Total cost
2
1
S t 400t
4
+
Most economical speed, checking options we get most
economical speed at 40 km/hr.
Total cost at 40 km/hr
2
1 400
(40) 400
4 40
| `
+
' J
( J
= 10 400 + 4000
= Rs.8000.
15. b If d = distance , s = speed, t = time, n = number of
carriages, c = quantity of coal.
then t =
k d n
c

where k is constant.
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 1
t d n c c2 30 25 18
t d n c 28 21 16 100

2
c 64 kg .
16. a
water edge
eggs
12 km
5 km
x
12x
Total time taken
x 2 x 5
1 2
+
+
x 17 x
12
1 2
+
24 = 2x + 17 x
x = 7.
17. a After reversing a 2 digit number and adding it to the
original number and getting these two digit in another
number, the difference between the two digits must
be 5. So the only possible such numbers are, 16, 27,
38 and 49. Now check one by one with the numbers.
16 61 . (After reversing) Difference, 61 16 = 45.
Adding 45 + 61 = 106.
Hence this number is having. 1 and 6. So this is satisfied.
27 72 72 27 45 45 72 117 + n o t
satisfied
38 83 83 38 45 45 83 128 + n o t
satisfied
49 94 94 498 45 45 94 139 + n o t
satisfied
Hence the only number satisfied is 16.
Thus the average speed of taxi is 45 kmph.
18. b Let actual speed of the train = y km.
now,
2x 1 y 2x y 3
4
x 2 x 2
x
5
+
+ + +
5 5 y y 3 1y
2 1 y 4x
2 4 x x 2 4x
+ + +
---- (i)
Again
2x 25 1 y 25 2x y 3 1

4
x 2 x 2 4
x
5
+ +
+ +
25 1 5y 125 3 1 y
2 2
x 2 4x 4x 2 4 x
25 125 1y 3

x 4x 4x 4
+ + + + +
+
(On sub standing the value of y from equation (i) )
( )
25 3
4 5 1 , x 25 kmph
4x 4
+
y = 4 25 = 100 km and AB = 2x + y = 50 + 100 = 150
km.
Shot cut: 25 km is covered by the train with different
speeds in different cases and the total time taken by
the train is different in both cases.
so,
25 25 15
x 25 kmph and y 4 25
4 x 60
x
5
100 km

| `
' J
( J

AB = 2 25 + 100 = 150 km.


19. b The exchange of speeds and directions at the first
meeting does not make a difference to the time or
place of their meeting (when the 2 cars together cover
L, the distance between A and B). Y covers 40 km, by
the 2nd meeting, the two cars together cover 3L and
the distance covered by Y upto the fist meeting plus
the distance covered by X between the 1st and 2nd
meetings is 120 km. Since the point of the 2nd meeting
is 20 km from A, L = 100 km.
20. d As 10 workers complete the work in 20 days, total
many days (units) required to complete the work in
200. In the first 2 days, 10 (2) = 20 units is completed
in the next 2 days, 11 workers complete 22 units. In
the next 2 days, 12 workers complete 20 units.
Proceeding this way, 182 units are completed in 14
days. On the 15
th
day, 17 workers complete 17 units
of the work i,.e. the balance of 1 unit of work has to
be completed on the 16 th day.
On the 16
th
day, there will be 17 workers, and they
can complete the one unit of the work in
1
days
17
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Total number of days required is
1
15
17
+
1
15
17

days.
21. b Let the speed of the local shuttle train be V. Let the
interval between the start of the trains from their
respectively stops be t. Let the speed of the boy be U.
So, the distance the previous train covers by the time
the next train starts is Vt.
Vt
30 minutes
V U

Vt
30 minutes
V U

V U V U 1 1
Vt Vt 20 30
+ +
+ +
t = 24 minutes.
22. a It is oblivious that the cork has the same as the water
in the canal.
So if the swimmer is swimming away from the cork
for half an hour (upstream), it will take him another
half hour to swim back to the cork again (because the
cork remains still relative to the water, and the swimmer
swims with a constant speed relative to water).
The water in the canal flows at a speed of 1 kmph.
23. a Let us assume the by the time Yogi took 40 steps to
reach the bottom from the top, the escalator moves n
steps in escalator will be (40 + n) steps.
Bhogi takes 2 steps for every 1 step of Yogi, which
means Bhogi moves with a speed twice as fast as
Yogi. The time in which Yogi takes 40 steps Bhogi will
be take 80 steps. Since Bhogi is moving up words on
a descending escalator he has to cover n steps more
to reach the top because escalator makes him move
down by n steps. From this argument, we can say,
the total number of steps in escalator we get 40 + n =
80 n
2 n = 40
n = 20
Therefore, total number of steps = 60.
The time when Yogi and Bhogi cross each other Bhogi
moves
2
3
of total steps and Yogi moves
1
3
of total
steps, because their speeds are in the ratio 2 : 1.
So, number of steps covered by Bhogi =
2
60
3

= 40
steps
Number of steps covered by Ramesh = 20
Difference = 40 20 = 20.
24. c The train will not run if d = 150.
150 = x
2
+ 3x 2 i.e., x
2
+ 3x 152 = 0.
3 9 68 3 617
x
2 2
+

617 625 25 <
3 25
x 11or 14
2

<
We ignore 14
x < 11
For x = 10, d = 128
Hence, the speed is 150 128 = 22 kmph.
25. c In a 800 m race, when a completes the race, C will be
30 m behind and B will be 40 m behind.
when C completes 800 40 = 760 m.
770 : 760 : : 400 : x
76 400 30400 62
x m 394 m
77 77 77


.
C beats B by
62 15
400 394 5
77 77

. Hence.
26. b Let the rowing speed be y and the speed of the stream
be x.
2 2
12 15 24x
4 i.e. 4
y x y x
y x

+
... (i)
and
12 15 1

2y x 2y x 2

+
i.e.,
2 2
24x 1
2
4y x

Dividing i by ii we get,
2 2
2 2
4y x
8
y x

2 2 2 2 2 2
4y x 8y 8x 4y 7x
Putting this in ii we get,
2 2 2
24x 1 24x 1
2 2
7x x 6x

x = 8 .
27. a A covers 4000 m, B covers (4000 x) m and C covers
(4000 y)m.
Such that 4000 : 4000 x : 4000 y = 16 : 15 : 11.
Working backward from options, only u (a) satisfies
the equation.
28. a Let the distance between home and friends office is
x. His speed =
10
5
2

kmph. Extra time taken is 3 hrs.
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So the total extra distance covered in this time duration
is 15 km. This distance is traveled because he goes
from home to friends office and back twice.
Thus 4x = 15 or x = 3.75.
29. a Let the sped of the first person = x kmph. Time taken
by first person to complete the distance of 60 km =
60
x
hours. Now, let the speed of third person be y
kmph less than first person.
Hence, sped of the third person = (x y kmph and time
taken by third person to complete the distance of 56
km = 56 (x y) hours.
Now, by the condition given in question, the speed of
the second person during last 15 km Now, again by
the conditions given in question
40 15 60
1 2
x x 2y x
+ +
... (i)
and
40 15 56
1
x x 2y x y
+ +
... (ii)
By solving equations (i) an d(ii) we get x = 5 kmph and
y = 1 kmph.
30. d Distance to be covered 4636 + 400 = 5036 m
Speed of the slower train = 56 kmph = 56 (5 / 18) m
sec
time taken = 5.39 min.
31. d Time taken =
( )
4636
5
80 5
18
+
= 196 sec. = 3 min, 16 sec.
32. a In twelve hours, the minute hand and the hour are
together for 11 times. It means that after every
12
11
hours. both the hands are together, similarly in twelve
hours, the minute hand and the hour hand are exactly
opposite to each other for 11 times. It means that after
every
12
11
hours, both the hands are opposite. Now,
lets take an example. We know that at 12, both the
hands are together and at 6 both the hands are exactly
opposite to each other.
After 6, both the hands are in opposition at
12
6
11
]
+
]
]
hours.
12
6 2
11
]
+
]
]
hours,
12
6 3
11
]
+
]
]
hours and so on.
The sixth such time is
12
6 6
11
]
+
]
]
hours which is the
first time after 12.
Thus after 12, both the hands are opposite to each
other at 12 : 32 : 43.
Hence, Dr. Desai takes 32 minutes and 43 seconds to
reach home from the clinic.
33. d Difference in hourly usage of gas by both the burners
14.4 14.4 14.4 3
80 104 1040


Required percentage
14.4 3 80
100 23.07%
1040 14.4


34. b Let the speed of the cyclist and wind be x and y
respectively.
Effective speed with the wind = x + y =
1
3
Effective speed against the wind = x y =
1
4
therefore, we get the value of x as
7
24
.
Now time taken to drive one kilometer without wind
( )
1 3
3
7 7
24

35. b
36. c Let us assume that Arun started running at 10 AM
and Barun started at 12 noon. So, in these two
hours distance traveled by Arun is 60 km and the
relative speed of Barun w.r.t Arun is 10 km/hr. So
Barun will overtake Arun after =
60
10
= 6 hours
So, Barun reaches there at 6 PM.
So, Kiranmala also overtakes Arun at 6 PM.
Let us assume Kiranmala takes 't' time to overtake
Arun and the relative speed of Kiranmala w.r.t Arun
is 30 km/hr and Arun ran for 8 hrs.
So, distance travelled by Arun is
While Kiranmala's distance traveled is
t = 4 hours
So, after 4 hrs, Kiranmala will start running.
For questions 37 and 38:
Let the cruising speed of the plane and the time difference
between A and B be y km/hr and x hours respectively.
Distance between A and B = 3000 kilometers. For, the plane
moving from city A to City B: 3000 = (7 x) (y 50). This is
satisfied for x = 1 and y = 550. These are the only values given
in the options that satisfy the above equation.
37. d 38. b
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MBA
Test Prep
39. b As per the conditions given in the questions, we get
the following figure.
250
B
C
A
500 km
30
90
60
5
0

k
m
/
h
r
4
2
5

k
m
7
0

k
m
/
h
r
The train leaving at B reaches C at 1:00 p.m. taking a
total time of 5 hours, which means that Rahim should
reach C by 12:45 p.m.
Now total time taken by Rahim moving with a speed of
70 km/hr is t.
500 3
t km/ hr
70

= 6.07 hrs.
Therefore, the latest time by which Rahim must leave
A and still catch the train is closest to 6:30 a.m.
Hence, option (b) is the correct choice.
40. e Let x be the average marks and n be the number of
tests, then we can write here
83 x
2
n

(i)
( ) 75 x 2
1
n 1
+

+
(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x = 61 and n = 11
If Rajiv get 51, his average will be 63.
Hence (e) is the correct option.
41. c Train left at Ahr. B min or we can say after (60A + B)
minute and Reaches at (Bhr C Min) (60 B + C) min.
Total time of journey.
(60B + C) (60A + B) = 60C + A.
59(B C) = 61A
( )
59
A B C
61

.
For A = 0 (A, B, C) < 24.
Hence one value of A satisfies it as journey is completed
on the same day.
Hence, (c) is correct choice.
42. e As per the question, let D be the total distance and t is
the time taken. So we have
D = 10 t = 15(t 0.5)
t 1.5 hrs
D 15 km
Now, for the condition given we have
3
15 S t
4
| `

' J
( J
where S is the required speed.
3 3
S
2 4
| `

' J
( J
S = 20 km/hrs.
43. b As per the data in the question when Sangeetas wrist-
watch moves 62 minutes Swatis wrist-watch moves
only 56 minutes.
When Sangeetas wrist-watch will move 620 min-
utes, Swatis wrist-watch will move only 560 min-
utes.
So there will be a difference of 60 minutes between
the times shown by the wrist-watches of Sangeeta
and Swati.
If Sangeetas wrist-watch shows 10 p.m. Swatis
wrist watch will show 9 p.m.
44. b Let the total area of the rectangular oil painting be x
Therefore,
2
x 3x
100 x 200 cm
4 4
+
So, the length of the oil painting is
200
10 cm.
10

Hence, option (b) is the correct choice.
45. b Here we can find after 6 hours, how much part was
filled by the three pipes.
16 4 6 1 2 1
12 18 36 2 9 6
+ +
9 4 3 10 5
18 18 9
+

Remaining part =
1 5 4
9 9

Since, this part is to be filled by A and B together.


Further, A and B together can fill in one hour
1 1
12 10
+
part
5
36

part.

4
9
part will be filled by A and B together in time
1
3
5
h.
Total time required = 6h + 3h + 12 min
= 9 hrs and 12 min.
Hence, option (b) is correct.
46. b From the given data we can write that the total work
is equivalent to (24 16) Man-Days which in turn is
equivalent to (32 24)Woman-Days. Hence 1 Man-
Page 93 QA Faculty Manual 2010
MBA
Test Prep
MBA
Test Prep
Day is equivalent to 2 Woman-Days. Let x be the num-
ber of additional men required for the last two days
work.
Total work 24 16
(16 Men +16 Women) 12-Days +(16 Men +16 Women)
2-Days

16
16 Men Men
2
| `
+
' J
( J
12-Days +
( )
16
16 x Men Men
2
| |
+ +
|
| |
2-Days
Or, 24 16 = 24 12 + (24 + x) 2
x = 24. Hence option (b) is correct.
47. b The two trains start simultaneously. Let they meet
after a time t.
The train that has covered 60 km more must be the
faster of the two. Hence,
60 = (21 16) t
t = 12 hours
Since they are traveling towards each other, total
distance is the sum of the distances traveled by the
two trains individually.
Total distance = 16 12 + 21 12 = 444 Km. Hence (b)
is the correct option.
48. c If B = speed of boat in still water
R = speed of stream
Then as per the question:
30 44
10
B R B R
+
+
----(i)
40 55
13
B R B R
+
+
-----(ii)
Equation (i) x 4 Equation (ii) x 3
120 176 120 165
(40 39)
B R B R B R B R
+
+ +
176 165
1
B R B R

+ +
(B R) 11
(B R) 5
+

B = 8 km/hr
49. d Size of work force during the fourth year
90 75 100
25000
100 100 100

= 23513
Option (d) is the correct choice.
50. b Let the distance be x from Delhi to Mumbai
Time taken by Jet
x
700

Time taken by Kingfisher


x
560

Stoppage time
x x 10x 8x x
560 700 5600 2800


Average stoppage time
x
560 1
2800
12min
x
2800 5
560

51. a The two trawlers move in perpendicular directions,
as shown below.
Trawler2

O
t=1/2 hr

t=3/4 hr

Let the speeds (in km/h) of the two trawlers be x and
y respectively. After
1
2
hours, the distances covered
by them are
x
km
2
and
y
km
2
. We have:
2 2
2
x y
17
2 2
| ` | `
+
' J ' J
( J ( J
Or
2 2 2
x + y = 34
(1)
After
3
4
hours, one of the trawlers is 10.5 km farther
from the origin than the other one. We can write:
3x 3y
=10.5
4 4

Or
x- y 14 (2)
Solving the two equations, we get x and y as 16 km/h
and 30km/h.

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