2010 2nd Interational Confrence on Education Technolog and Computer (ICETC)

Home Automation And Security System via PSTN

Faizan Farid,Muhammad Rehan,Faiza Faizan, M Tahir Qadri
Depatment of Electronic Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,
Karachi, Pakista.
Email: fayzan786@hotmail.com.murehan@hotmail.com.miss_naz786@hotmail.com.mtahirq@hotail.com
Abstact- The objective here is to develop a home automation
and security system which can be controlled and monitored
remotely using any telephone line. The user can enter into the
system by entering the valid pin code. Afer entering into the
system, the user can control the status of devices connected
with the system using any Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN). The system can also be implemented for security
purposes in banks or at home. If the user is at outstation, he
can change the status of the lights remotely for security reasons.
The heart of the system is a PIC micro-controller (PIC18F4520)
which controls the complete working of the system. The GSM
modem is also interfaced with the micro-controller. The
remote user can also monitor the current status of the devices
by sending SMS message to the GSM modem. The system can
be controlled and monitored from anywhere by using
telephone line.
Keord: Home Automaton, telephone securt, controling
by telehone, Bank Automation.
I. INTRODUCTION
A domestic telecommunications network is usually
accessed by telephones, private branch exchanges ad data
argements [1]. Completion of te circuit between the call
originator and call receiver in a Public Switched Telephone
Network (PS1) requires network signaling in the for of
dial pulses or multi fequency tones [2]. Te PSTN is
composed of telephone exchanges networked togeter to
for a nationwide or worldwide telephone communications
system [2]. It is public because the system is available to
anyone who ca aford the service [2]. All calls are switched,
that is, a caller's conversation is broken into pieces and these
pieces are sent simultaeously over may connections to
reach a receiver at te oter end [2]. The individual pieces
are 'switched' fom one telephone device to aother until tey
reach their fnal destination at the receiving end [2]. All
phones in te PSTN are networked in tat ay phone ca
mae a call to any oter phone because all the local phone
systems aound te countr ae connected to each oter [2].
Connecting communications systems togeter is called
networking [2]. Tus, all phone systems in te county are
par of a nationwide network [2].
Home automation ofers time-saving opportunities that
ca make your life more orgaized, more efcient, safer and
more fn [3]. Ever room of the home probably ofers plent
of possibilities for home automation [3]. Home automation
systems are available for ever income level and lifestyle [4].
The ealy developments of these systems took place in early
70's. I has been an importat industr with few companies
willing to spend technological know-how on this issue. As
te inforation and communication technologies including
computers, sofwae and the network are rapidly developed,
the computer related activities are getting more generalized
even at home [5].
Te idea was extracted to help persons to automate their
home at ver low costs fom any location just by using
telephone line. The main feature of this system is to control
te status of home appliaces using PSTN. Only autorized
users can enter te system and tey ca change the status of
te devices. Ever autorized user has got his own pin code
to enter into the system. Te code is verifed by te micro
controller. First te call is picked up by the circuit and then it
is connected with the system. If the user presses ay key
for calling telephone, the Dual Tone Multiple Frequency
(DTM) code is decoded by the DTMF decoder IC ad then
it passes to te micro-contoller which fer processes the
data ad controls te devices according to that user
instructions. I tis work, four devices were controlled. We
controlled lights of home, so that we may make te lights on
or of fom any remote location. Similarly home air-cooling
system ca be ted on or of. The other two pa of our
system is based on security of home. Doors ad safety
lockers of home ca be locked while te user may be at ay
distace fom the installed system. Smoke detecting is a ver
important fnction of this work. As the work consists of two
way communication, te system will detect any sort of
smoke in the house ad if the system is activated call will be
rung to te number at remote location i.e. to that number
which is stored in the system. By using te system, the user
gets awae tat someting is happening in his home.
Tis home automation and securit system is contolled
by equipment installed at a customer premises. By
programming an in-home device, a user controls te
operation of appliances connected to the system. For
example, a user can program an in-home device to t on a
light at a specifc time. The in-home device ca also monitor
sensors located troughout te home and can sound a alam
or phone a monitoring agency when te sensors are tiggered.
The system also ofers a remote-access feature allowing a
user to access the in-home device through the public
switched telephone system.
The rest of the paper is orgaized as follows: section 2
will present the system model. Section 3 will present the
working of the system and fnally section 4 will end the
paper with conclusion and fture works.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
Te system consists of four pas. The frst pat is the call
handling through PSTN. Te second pat consists of DTMF
978-1-4244-6370-11$26.00 2010 IEEE VI-52
20i 0 2nd international Conerence on Education Technolog and Computer (ICETC
decoder circuit used to decode the DTM tone, te third pa
is the micro-contoller based system used to control the
devices according to the DTMF tone and the fourth pa
consists of GSM modem interfaced with the micro-contoller
used to check te curent status of the devices remotely. The
overall system model is shown in fgure 1.
Public Switched Telephone Network
(PST)
Ring Detection Circuit
Call Pick-Up Circuit
DTMF Decoder
Micro-controller Based Circuitry
t t
GSM Modem
Output Devices for Status of
Devices
Figure I. Overall Block Diagram of the System.
A. Ring detection and Pick up circuit
The ring detection circuit is used to detect the phone ring.
It transforms the 20Hz, 90Vp-p ring signal into a 5V dc. The
RC network is used to limit the current during the incoming
phone call. It also ts ON the infa red LED. Te
protection diode is also used to protect the LED fom high
reverse voltages during the negative half of the cycle. If te
infa-red light fom LED strikes the photodiode, a small
curent is produced. The power transistor MJE340 is used to
amplif the current and also used to saturate the other
transistor. The exteral MSA42 transistor will be the last
phase of strengthening the signal which is used to pull the
'Ring Detect Out' to 'HIGH'. The O.lJF capacitor is also
used to flter the ac pulses fom the output.
The above circuit gives 'HIGH' when the telephone bell
rings but it did not produce enough curent to pick up the call.
For call pick up circuit te 680 ( resistor is used and its
value is calculated using Ohm's Law.
When the phone rings, tere ae 85 Vrs voltages across
the telephone line [6]. The phone company needs 30 r of
curent to be drawn fom te user in order for the incoming
call to be connected [7]. To acquire this, the impedace of
the telephone line should be
50
* .vPP
680 Q
30mA

(1)
To set the output continuously, high timing is required
which is achieved by 555 timer. Te astable mode of 555
timer is used for infmite timing sequence. This astable mode
requires a capacitor and two resistors to set the fequency of
oscillation.
At te tigger and treshold inputs, the voltage of te
exteral capacitor is measured. Using this voltage reading a
interal RS fip fop of 555 timer is set or reset. This voltage
reading creates the charge or dischage cycle of the circuit.
Te capacitor voltage rises to two-third of V cc while
chaging ad drops to one-tird of the V cc during
discharging. When the chaging of capacitor reaches to two
third of V cc then the treshold input switches of the interal
fip fop and at discharging it turs in ON. Te voltage at
outut is a digital signal because it is a bufered copy of te
fip fop outut. Finally, te resulting wavefor defmes the
oscillator signal of 555 timer.
The oscillation fequency is dependent of the capacitor
and resistor network i.e. R, R, and Capacitor C and it
does not dependent on the power supply voltage V cc. The
exteral capacitor C uses resistors R and R to chage or
dischage. Te charging time 'tI' is given by [8]
tl 0.695 (R
A
+ R
B
)C (2)
The charging of capacitor gives high signal at the output.
When dischaging, the exteral capacitor (C) uses the
resistor R to dischage. Te discharging time 't2' is given
by [8]
12 0.695 R
B
C (3)
During this period of discharging, the output gives low
level of the signal. Hence, te total time for one complete
oscillation (T) is given by adding these two times [8]
T tl + t2 0. 695 (R
A
+ 2R
B
)C (4)
Therefore, the fequency (F) is given by the reciprocal of
the total time period [8]
F 1. 44 /(R
A
+ 2R
B
)C (5)
Depending upon the use the oscillation period ranges
fom microseconds to hours. This ca be selected with the
appropriate choices of resistors ad capacitor.
The duty cycle (DC) is the ratio of the time the output is
low as compared to the period [8]
DutCycle R
B
/(R
A
+ 2R
B
) (6)
The duty cycle should always be less than 50% or te
of-time (t2) is always less ta the on-time (tl) [8]. Tus the
outut of the 555 astable circuit is asymmetric [8]. By
maing R
B
large compared to R
A
q the wavefor becomes
more symmetric ad the 555 output approaches a squae
wave [8]. Te timing of the 555 timer depends upon te
sequential discharging and charging of the output capacitor.
Te two interal operational aplifers in 555 timer ae used
as to set the lower voltage limit to one-third of Vcc and
upper limit to two-third of Vcc. Te capacitor voltage at any
VI-53
2010 2nd International Confrence on Education Technolog and Computer (ICETC)
time of chaging or dischaging ca be deterined by using
equation (7).
V(t) V(O)*e<-tIRC) (7)
B. DTMF Decoder Circuit
For Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTM) decoder, the
1Mn resistor is used with 3.58Mz oscillator as a clock
souce for the DTM IC. Te output available fom the
telephone line is to be -37dBm, but the range of DTM
decoder is between -35dBm and -2dBm. Terefore the signal
coming fom the phone line was amplifed before sending to
the decoder. Te 60Hz power spike is available when the
phone rag. When the microcontroller was ted ON, the
microcontroller stas operation in a loop waiting for 'Ring
Detect Input' to go as 'High'. As soon it gets 1, the code
stats couting in a loop waits for 'Ring Detect' to get 'High'
again. The checking loop in te above algorithm makes sure
that the incoming call should not be disconnected
prematurely. If 'Ring Detect Signal' failed to go 'High' for
the next 28 seconds, the above code realized that the caller
has terinated the call before being connected thus re
initializes the system.
Given that 'Ring Detect Signal' sent two 'High' signals
to the microcontroller which is connected to the reed relay.
Both wires of telephone line connect with the load of 2.2kn
to connect the telephoen call with the circuit. This is done
when the input of reed relay ts 'High'. When the call is
connected, te code is entered in a loop to wait. Here the
micro-controller waits 'Data Valid' pin to go 'High'.
If the output of DTM Decoder is 'High' then the
microcontroller stores the DTMF values to the memor of
R. Each DTM value is saved in a four bit long data.
The above fnction allows te user to enter four digit user
access code for four times. Until the output pin keeps
'LOW', for next 10 seconds afer the call was initiated, the
call was terminated ad the system is re-initialize again.
When the user has entered the four digit DTM code
successflly within the allocated time, the code again jumps
into an algorithm that compared the temporay data. That
temporary data is the input code entered by the user to the
pre programed data arays that contains the correct user
access code. By checking the code 4 times, the call
terminates if the user does not enter the correct code and te
automation system is reinitialized.
C. Micro-Controler Based Controling Circuit
The main purose of te microcontroller is to control the
complete system and also manages te main operation of
commads for controlling te components of circuit for
proper fctioning. Each circuit component was connected
to the controller for proper tiggering and signal
transmissions.
Here, the main task of micro-controller is to receive the
decoded DTM code fom DTM Decoder ad control the
devices tough relays according to user choice. Te serial
port of te micro-controller is also interfaced with te GSM
modem for sending curent status of devices.
D. GSM Modem for Device Status
The GSM Modem is responsible for remote monitoring
of te devices connected with the system. When te user
enters the specifc DTM code with the paticula mobile
phone number, te micro-contoller sends te curent status
of the devices to that paricula nuber using GSM modem
by SMS. The commuication is done using AT command set.
Only authorize users c monitor the status of the devices.
III. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
The system starts when the incoming call is picked up
automatically. Only autorized users ca access the system
by entering the corect pre-defned pin code. Afer entering
into the system, the user ca get the access to control te
status of devices through the fnctioning keypad of the
phone fom which he is calling fom. As the call is picked
up by the electronic circuitr, the user enters the pin code
which is verifed by the micro-controller. If the user is
authorized, he can contol the status of devices connected
with the micro-controller.
The DTM decoder IC is also used to decode the DTM
tone fom the user. When ay digit is pressed by the user, it
will be converted into binary code and ten the code is
given to micro-controller. Every connected device has a pre
defned code tat will work properly which also afects its
status. To reinitialize the system the telephone must be
hanged up and it will not efect the changes made during te
call.
The remote user can also monitor the status of the
devices using any GSM mobile phone by sending SMS
message. For this purpose, the GSM modem is also
interfaced with the micro-controller, which when receives
SMS fom authorized user, will reply the current status of
the devices.
Once the system is powered ON, te micro-controller
waits in a loop for 'Ring Detect' pin to t "High". As soon
as it sets, the execution code is entered in a counting loop
waiting for 'Ring Detect' to equal to one again. The
algorithm gives a checking loop to confrm that the
incoming call is not disconected too early. If 'Ring Detect
Signal' failed to go 'High' for the next 28 seconds, the
above code realized that te caller has terinated the call
before being conected thus re-initializes the system
If the authorized user enters the correct series of
numbers then he ca access to the main menu of commands.
The DTMF commands for controlling the device status is
shown in table 1.
TALE I. EXLES OF COMMANDS FOR CONTROLLING DEVICES
Command Device Function
Number
*11# 1 ON
*12# 1 OFF
*21# 2 ON
*22# 2 OFF
CONCLUSION A FUTURE WORK
VI-54
2010 2nd International Confrence on Education Technolog and Computer (ICETC)
The goal of this work is to design a home automation
embedded system which can be controlled using any PSl
network troughout te countr. All controlling is done
using microcontroller which is programed accordingly.
As security has its own importace in ever aspect, so the
system couters te entire basic requirement for security and
ca be implemented easily where ever wated. The system
ca also be implemented in banks for security puroses at a
afordable price. Besides securit this system also provides
controlling of diferent paaeters such as lights, air
conditioner ON and OFF and c be enhanced easily.
Te system is already low cost ad efective ad with a
few more chages it can be made a little more advanced
making it web enabled for ftue enhacement. I ca be
enhanced by Implementation of Wi-Fi Technology, Bak
Automation through Mobile phones or PLM (Public Land
Mobile Network) ferore the system can be built using
feld programmable gate aray (FPGA) instead of micro
controller so that the system ca be reprogramed easily.
REFERENCES
[ 1] ModuLight, The heart of Optical Communication home page.
Available at http://www.modlight.comlpdfTransmitter-
introduction_to _ modulighUransmitter _laer"products.pdJ
[2] Defnation of the PSTN by InetDaemon. Available at:
http://www.inetdaemon.comltutorials/telecomlpstdefnition.shtml
[3] Exploring the possibilities of Home Automation. Available at:
htt://media.wiley.com/product_dataecert36/07645982/07645982
36.pdJ
[4] Lear about Home Automation, available at.
http://www.homeauto.comiDownloadMarkting/Lear_About_HA.p
d
f
[5] Jongkyu Park, Ilseok Han, Jinhyuck Kwon, Jun Hwang, Hagbac Kim,
Sangtae A and Whie Chang, "Development of a Residential
Gateway and a Serice for Home Automation", Interational workshop
on advanced interet services and applications, Vol 2402, pp. 137-
149, Seoul, Korea, 2002
[6] LS300 Advanced Telephone line simulator by Micro Seven, Inc.
Available at: http://www.microseveninc.com/ls300.htm
[7] http://ourses.ece.illinois.eduece445Iprojectslspring20031project20_
fnal yaper.doc
[8] http://peop/e.c/arkon.edu'/7Eortmeer/ee211/Iabview flesTe 555
Tmer Chip Astable Circuit. doc
VI-55