NASA-CR-195486

AIRCRAFT

EMPENNAGE DETAIL

STRUCTURAL

DESIGN

421S93ADPT2-2 April 15, 1993

AE421/03/DELTA David Lesnewski Russ M. Snow Lisa M. Combs David George Roxanne Paufler Schnieder Athousake to:

Submitted

Dr. J.G. Ladesic

(NASA-CR-195486) AIRCRAFT EMPENNAGE STRUCTURAL DETAIL (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 56 p

N94-24969 DFSIGN Univ.) Unclas

G3/05

0204231

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

List of Figures List of Tables. Project

.................

....... ............................

.........................

ii
iol

............................................................................... ..........................................................................

m 1

Summary

Description

of the Design Tail Assembly ....................................................... ................................................... 3 3 4

Vertical Horizontal Tailcone Loads

Tail

Assembly

Assembly

..............................................................

and Loading Vertical Horizontal Tailcone Tail Assembly ....................................................... ................................................... 5 6 7

Tail

Assembly

Assembly

..............................................................

Structural

Substantiation Tail Assembly ....................................................... ................................................... 8 15 17

Vertical Horizontal TaUcone Manufacturing Vertical Horizontal Tailcone Weight

Tail

Assembly

Assembly and Tail

..............................................................

Maintenance Assembly ....................................................... ................................................... 23 23 24 25 26

Tail

Assembly

Assembly

..............................................................

Summary

...........................................................................

Conclusions

....................................................................................

Appendix

List of Figures

Structural

Substantiation

4.1.1.2 4.1.2.1 4.1.2.2 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2

Stringer Vertical Spar

cross

Section

............................................................... Section ............................................

9 12 13 17 19

Stabilizer Cross

Cross Section

Flange

.......................................................

Tailcone Tailcone

Cross

Section

..............................................................

Stringers

......................................................................

,u

!!

List of Tables

Summary

of Critical

Detail Parts

1.1 Vertical 1.2 Horizontal 1.3 Tailcone

Tail ................................................................................................ Tail ........................................................................................... Assembly ......................................................................................

1 1 2

Structural

Substantiation

4.1.1.1 4.1.1.2 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 4.1.1.5 4.1.1.6 4.1.1.7 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 4.3.3.3 4.3.3.4 4.3.3.5 4.3.3.6

Vertical Buckling Spar

Tail

Skin

Characteristics

.......................................................

8 8 9 10 10 10 11 17 18 19 19 20 20

Results

....................................................................................

Results Tube Mount Results Tail

........................................................................................... Results Results ............................................................................ .............................................................................

Torque Tube Hinge Vertical Tailcone Stringer Shear Skin

........................................................................................ Fatigue Section Analysis ............................................................ ............................................

Cross Force Flow

Characterisitics

Calculations

................................................................

Results

.............................................................................. ........................................................................ Part # 2 .........................................................

Margins

of Safety

Taiicone Axial

Characteritics Results

Stress

...............................................................................

qJoqJ

111

4.3.3.7 Stringer Margins of Safety...................................................................

20

4.3.3.8 4.3.3.9

Horizontal Tie Down

Tail

Characterisitcs

........................................................

21 22

Margins

of Safety ............................................................

Weight 6.1.1.1 Weight Summary ................................................................................ 25

iv

1.0

PROJECT

SUMMARY

The purpose withstand statement simple by the structure meet

of this project loads rain,

is to provide defined humidity,

an empennage Part

structural

assembly specified

that will in the a

the operational of work i.e. snow,

in FAR tiedown

23, as well as those etc.

forces

The goal is to provide forces produced

yet durable by the should tail

lightweight surfaces

structure through and the

the will transfer most efficient

the aerodynamic load path and provides a summary to the repair.

airframe.

The

be simple loading and

cost-effective criteria.

to manufacture The structure

All structures stiffness detail =

or exceed

fatigue

for necessary of the critical

and ease design

of maintenance.

The following

tables

represent

parts.

Components

fm_ (psi) Vertical Tail Assembly

M.S._

Page Number

Spar Hinges Skin

Stringer

5059 4938

.16 2.75 3.83 4.33 2.09

9 10 8 12 13

Buckling skin Stabilizer

479 2222 8139

Rudder Vertical Stringer

Table

# 1.1.1:

Vertical

Tail

Assembly

Stresses

Components

fm_ (psi) Horizontal Tail Assembly

M.S.uL

Page Number

Skin Hinges Front Rear Ribs

Panels

350 4938

.7 2.75 .05 .25 1.01 Tail Assembly Stresses

15 15 16 16 16

Spar Spar

3900 1800 1546 Table # 1.1.2: Horizontal

Components

fro. (psi) Tailcone Assembly

M.S.uL

Page Number

Stringer Skin Tie Down Table # 1.1.3:

102.3 5817 25000 Tailcone Assembly

.04 .17 23.5 Stresses

20 19 23

2.0

DESCRIPTION

2.1

Vertical

Tail

The vertical proper load airfoil on the shape surface

tail assembly under of the The

provides

a lightweight limit loads.

stiff structure The aerodynamic torsion flat and

that will maintain

the

the applied skin that tail

load is a distributed bending skin and moment brake at the formed

provides, assembly

shear uses

fuselage spars

interface. fastened

vertical type

wrapped and rivets

with aircraft been tail beaded assembly consists

rivets.

All sheet

metal panel

are 2024-T3 the

Aluminum. rib weight. The

The skin has The vertical

in order has of two been

to eliminate designed

buckling, removal

and reduce for ease

for

rapid

of repair.

fuselage The These installed tube

interface

spar mounted a fillet

castings, between plates.

that bolt to the fuselage the vertical The vertical skin, tail and the tail

bulkhead. empennage. can be

fuselage are

interface secured

skins using AN

provide

366DF632 by simply rod, and

nut

assembly

or removed the control

in minutes, push-pull plastic

unscrewing unbolting contains supplied

the fillet the mount

unbolting from

the torque the fuselage tail position

from

castings

bulkheads. light. These

A tip mounted and

housing

a rotating

beacon

and white

all fasteners

are vendor

and approved.

2.2

Horizontal

Tail

The FAR Part

horizontal 23. This

tail assembly structure places

was designed

using

the loading distributed

conditions

specified

in

a an aerodynamic

load on the skin surface,

that produces shear and bending moments at the fuselage interface. The structure is composedof front and rear spars, four ribs, hingesfor the trim tab and elevator assembly, and attachment plates at the interface. No lighting is required on the horizontal tail assembly. The spars and ribs will be riveted together using universal rivets that are aircraft certified. The control surfaceswill then be attachedfollowed by the final phaseof skin wrapping. This
mind. All The parts horizontal used tail structure tail assembly the was designed with maintenance independently assembly are and ease from vendor of removal in tail. and

can be removed horizontal tail

the vertical supplied

to manufacture

certified.

2.3

Tailcone

Assembly

The tail cone (one a way The aluminum

assembly frame),

for the Viper skin and

aircraft,

consists

of thirteen assembly

stringers, is designed

6 frames is such frame.

casting

rivets.

The tailcone fuselage

as to join the main of both and from the main horizontal the point

fuselage fuselage

and the main and

and tailcone will then

on one large

skins

tail assemblies will then The first

be riveted to the first

to the frame. three frames

The vertical beginning part which

tail assemblies of the tailcone.

be attached frame is going

to be a cast

aluminum

due to the strength

requirements.

It will have

a small

hoop molded

to into the bottom down in height

will act as a tie down. the second

The stringers frames.

at the tailcone However, the cross

will be stepped sectional stringers area

in between

and third

of the stringers

will be maintained to the cast frame

by increasing by L-shaped

the thickness. brackets.

The rearward

will also be attached

3.0
3.1.1

Loads
Vertical

and Loading
Tail Section

The loads This load

in the vertical a shear

tail are a result load Vy, bending

of the distributed moment

load acting

on the surface. component M z. The The

will provide

M x and a torsional force acting

The distributed chordwise load paths

load can be represented of this force these forces

as a 393 Ib resultant

at the MAC. case.

location to react

will vary according and moments

to the gust or maneuvering spar flanges

are the skin,

and spar

webs.

V_ = 393 Ibs

Mx =

6428

in-lbs

M z = 2468

in-lbs

3.1.2

Rudder

The rudder by a point reacted through load

also has a distributed This

load that acts at the MAC externally and spar by the hinges web.

and can be represented and torque tube. It is passes

of 160 Ibs.

is reacted

internally the middle

by the skin, hinge.

spar flanges

The majority

of the load

The hinge

reactions

are as follows.

EM=0

EF=0

R_ = 28.25

Ibs

R 2 = 82.3 Ibs

R 3 = 49.7

Ibs

The torque

tube

reacts

a torsion

of 191.9

in-lbs.

The

shear

flow

in the skin

is assumed

to react

the entire

torsion

M z.

q = T/2A

= 6.38

Ibs/in 5

The spar flanges are assumedto react the entire bending moment M x.

Mx = 3006

in-lbs

The spar

web

is assumed

to react

the entire

shear

Vy.

Vy = 160 Ibs

3.2

Horizontal

Tail

Assembly

The Viper stabilizer horizontal

horizontal

tail assembly provides the spare

has two major a Ioadpath

parts,

the elevator loads Each

and horizontal created by the

structures. tail structure,

The skin while

for the torsional moment.

react the bending which

of these

structures

are composed conditions, load, B, was using located located the same

of ribs, spars, A and B, specified

skins

and fasteners, 23.

were analyzed A, the

using

the two loading distributed for condition were analyzed

in FAR Part

For condition psf, while psf.

resultant load loads

at .56c was calculated at .25c with methods

to be 78.98 of 39.98

the resultant of these

a magnitude

Each

described

in the vertical

tail assembly

loading

section.

Using inertia

the height

of the airfoil This value

and an initial

thickness

of t = 20, the results

moment were

of

was determined.

was then iterated to be t= 0.20 using respectively. See horizontal

until acceptable clad 2024-T3 The front spar

obtained. The front

The skin thickness and rear spars

was determined

Aluminum. has both drawing

are .55 _/nd .14 in thick __ .......) ..... __1' portion for reinforcement.

an inboard for reference

and outboard figures.

tail assembly

All spars

are C-channels. 6

3.3.

Tailcone

This

analysis

is divided

into two

categories:

1. 2.

Bending Torsion

The first the fuselage tails,

topic

discussed The case

is the bending. is produced lift on each

It is assumed

that all bending

is reacted and

by

stringers.

bending 100%

by the lift on the horizontal lifting surface. This results

vertical

with the worst is reacted

being

in a moment Ibs. being This the

My, which is multiplied cabin

by the axial

loads

in the stringers. at each section,

The total with

lift is 1152.9 case

by the length These

of the fuselage

the worst

interface.

moments

are as follows:

M_ = (Lift

x Arm)

= (1039.5)(128) = 133056 in-lbs

= 47572

in-lbs

Mz = (444.6)(107)

The worst 100%/65% fuselage.

case

torsional

load tail.

occurs This

with

100%

lift on the

vertical

tail and the length

a of the

lift on the horizontal The torsion is solved

is a uniform equation.

load throughout

in the following

Mx = 0

630*29

- 409*29

+ 444.6*26

= 17954

in-lbs

4.0

STRUCTURAL

SUBSTANTIATION

4.1 4.1.1

Vertical Rudder

Tail

Assembly

The following tube and hinges area

tables

and calculations under

substantiate listed

that the skin, in section

spars,

webs,

torque

will not buckle of discussion

the loadings tail skin.

3.0 of this to carry

document. all of the

The first torsional beaded

is the vertical buckling

The skin is assumed

load M z. Panel in order to reduce

is the criteria area.

used for substantiation.

The skin has been

the panel

Skin

319.2 Table

478.8 4.1.1: Vertical Tail Skin

38.0 Characteristics

118

Buckling
fcrit M'S'LL M'S'uL

(psi) 2311 6.24 3.83

Table

4.1.2:

Buckling

Results

Spars
I'LL fULT fcrit M.S.LL

M.S.uL

(psi) Stringers I 2906 796

(psi) 4358 1193

(psi) 5059 N/A .74 46.7 .16 30.8

I We_s Ili

Table

4.1.3:

Spar

Results

=:::==::E=

Figure

4.1.1.2:

Stringer

Cross

Scetion

The torque is riveted rivets. to the

tube root

provides

the external The

reaction critical

to the torsion stress in bearing

M z. The tube stress

mount

rib of the rudder.

due to the

Torque
fLL fULT

Tube M.S.LL M.S.uL

(psi) 2317

(psi) 3475 Table 4.1.4: Torque lube 9.9 Results 15.4

Tube
frivet fsheet

Mount M.S.LL I ]
J

M.S.u L

(psi) 429

(psi) 1147 Table 4.1.5: 14.6 Results 9.4

Tube

Mount

The approximately the load,

hinges

react

the shear on the center

V_. The hinge,

resultant therefore

of the distributed it is assumed

load

acts the majority of

directly is used

to carry

and

for substantiation.

Hinges
fbrg LL ft.o.

M.S.LL

M.S.u L

(psi) 4938

(psi) 823 ladle 4.1.6: Hinge 4.61 Results 2.75

10

Fatigue fLi_ (psi) fmax (psi)

Analysis fm (psi) f,._. (psi) fa,t (psi)

Torque Skin

Tube

2317 319 6584 Table

1186 157 3292 4.1.7: Fatigue

527 72.5 1496 Analysis

-105.3 - 14.5 -299

632 87 1796

Hinges

The fa,, results Michael Niu, to assure

were

checked

with figure

15.4.5

in Aircraft

Structural

Analysis

by

proper

lifetime.

11

4.1.2

Vertical

Stabilizer

The vertical analyzed for shear webs,

stabilizer flow and

will be shear

in the skin, stress

in the spar spar section with flanges.

axial

in the at a

Analysis the

is performed tail

where

vertical This

interfaces of Figure Section 4.1.2.1: Vertical Stabilizer Cross

the fuselage. shear and

is the area moment.

greatest

bending

Shear

Flow

Shear thickness.

stress

is found

by dividing

the average

shear

flow

in the skin

by the skin

fsh_r = 417

psi

The criterion beading,

for substantiation panel area.

of the skin is panel The beads are spaced

buckling. three

It is necessary inches apart.

to utilize

to reduce

fc,t = K_E(t/b) ^2 = 2222

M.S.skin =

psi

4.33

12

Spar

Flange

Stress

The flanges, flanges.

bending

moment and skin.

Mx is reacted The flexure

by the idealized is used

stringers

composed the axial

of the spar stress in the

stiffeners

formula

to determine

fz=

[-(l_Mx

+ I.My)y

+ (lxM _ + Ix_Mx)X]

IxI_ - In ^2

fzm= = 2629

psi

Figure Axial Buckling

4.1.2.2:

Spar

Flange

Cross

Section

The worst therefore

case

for axial for these

stress

is on the forward

spar.

The critical

stress

will

be evaluated

stringers.

fcrit = _2EI/12A M.S. = 2.09

= 8139

psi

Stringer

Fatigue

Analysis

Sin= = fLL*.5 = 3668 S m = fLL/4.4 = 1667

psi psi

Using stress falls

figure below

15.4.5

from

Aircraft limit,

Structural meeting

Design

by Michael

C. Niu, the stringers

the endurance

our service

life criterion.

13

Spar

Web

Shear

Analysis

The shear psi. From

stress

in the spar web that reacts margin of safety was

the shear calculated

load V_ was found to be 11.9.

to be 1965

this the ultimate

Spar

Mount

Casting

The front bolts. The four

and

rear spar

mount

castings, three inches

bolt to the fuselage apart stress in a square is bearing

bulkheads pattern. stress,

with

AN4

bolt holes

are spaced load.

It is assumed which is located

that each

bolt shares

the same

The maximum

in the aft casting.

fb_ = P/Dt

= 2509

psi

M.S.t1L = 4.31

14

4.2

Horizontal

Tail

Assembly

The axial stresses.

horizontal Analysis

tail assembly was performed if this portion under

was analyzed at various

for shear sections

flow

in the skin, the

ribs and

for

including

interface

with the ribs skin As the

fuselage. and hinges

The objective would

of the analysis the Ioadings similar listed

was to assure in section

that the spars, 3.2 of this report. tail,

not buckle

horizontal calculations

tail calculations will be repeated.

are extremely

to those

of the vertical

not all

Shear

Flow

The loads

over

each

panel

were

assumed

to be average.

fcn_ = 350

psi

fyield

595

psi

M.S.uL

T =

.7

The Ks values Michael to supply determined spar

were

determined

using

figure failed

15.4.6,

in Aircraft

Structural was

Dynamics increased edge panels The

by to .025 were front an

C. Niu. a higher using

At t = .02 the panels tolerance similar

and thus

the thickness

for manhandling. analysis, with

The shear

in the leading 15.4.7 rear

the exception section

of figure whereas the

in Niu.

has both

an outboard

and an inboard were

spar has only

outboard

portion.

The results

satisfactory.

The elevator in parts horizontal

and

rudder

were

designed

simultaneously

to provide

for consistency to the

and maintainability. stabilizer by means

The elevator of two hinges.

is composed Refer

of four ribs and is attached tail assembly

to horizontal

drawings

15

for detail

geometry.

The

values

determined

for elevator

are shown

below.

fcri, = 409

psi

fyield

-'_

750 psi

M.S.uL

T =

.83

The horizontal reasons. 1. 2. 3. Ease Ease Ease

tail is bolted

to the fuselage

in the same

was as the rudder,

for several

of Maintenance of Purchasing of Removal Repeated Parts

At the interface,

the horizontal

tail will be bolted

to the fuselage

using

a casting

and

bolts.

Fatigue

Analysis

Consideration statement will meet of work. the twenty

was given The following year service

to the service calculations life and

life of the horizontal substantiate

tail structure

as per the tail assembly

that the horizontal level.

exceed

the endurance

Sm_ = 17500 Sm= 7940

psi psi

According criterion.

to figure

15.4.5

in

Niu,

the

horizontal

tail

assembly

meets

the

endurance

16

4.3

TaUcone

This analysis

is divided

into three

categories:

1. 2. 3.

Buckling Buckling Tie down

of the

tail cone

skin

of the stringers forces

21.5IN.

7
The buckling 4.3.3.1 cross first topic tail cone an discussed skin. idealized is Figure tailcone Figure 4.3.3.1: Tailcone Cross the #

of the represents

4
5

section.

Section

The forces, shear

following flow and

table

summarizes

the

values

used

to calculate

shear

loads,

stringer

buckling.

ly

(in ,4)

(in ^4)

I r, (in ^4)

_:,, (in)

As (in ^2)

Vy

(Ib)

Vz (Ib)

Ks

r (in)

27.19

18.12 Table

.032

.112 Tailcone

-1040

444.6 Section

[14.1 Characteristics

881

10E6

# 4.3.3.1:

Cross

17

Stringer

Force

Calculations

Pn' =

1 [(IyVy-I_zVz)y I_I_-Iyz ^2

+ (IzVz-IyzVy)z](Af)

Pfl'

-29.22

Ib/in ^2

Table

4.3.3.2

summarizes

the stringer

force

calculations.

Stringer Forces (Ib/in ^2)

Stringer Force # 1

Stringer Force # 2

Stringer Force # 3

Stringer Force # 4
i|

Stringer Force # 5

-29.22

52.51

57.83

29.22

52.51

Table

# 4.3.3.2:

Stringer

Force

Calculations

Shear

Flow

Calculations

qout =

Pf'

qt. + qo + ql + q2

thus, q4 - 29.22 q5 = 52.51 + q3 + q4

ql = -29.22 q2 = 52.51 q3 = 57.83

_ET = 2Aiqi

where

T = 17954 the shear

in-lb calculations and the torque page. equations, the shear flow can

Combining be calculated

flow

and are

depicted

on the following

18

Shear Flow (Ib/in)

Stringer #0

Stringer #1

Stringer #2 I

Stringer #3

Stringer #4

124.1 Table

-67.97 # 4.3.3.3: Shear

- 15.46 Flow

I Results

42.37

71

j59

Shear

Buckling

fm_LL
(psi) 3878

f,'L
(psi) 5817

font
(psi) 4777

M.S.LL

M.S.uL

.232

.17

Table

# 4.3.3.4:

Skin

Margins

of Safety

The following stringers. general Refer description.

calculations 4.3.3.2,

describe for a

the buckling

characteristics

of the

tailcone

to figure

q 1 5 1 q2

Table following used and

4.3.3.5,

located

on the the values loads, moments

page,

represents the axial

q5

to calculate buckling

loads.

q4
Figure 4.3.3.2: Tailcone

q3
Stringers

19

Iy

k
(in ^4)

lyz

My ^4)

E (psi)

A (in ^z)

L (in)

I (in
'4)

(in ^4)

(in

(Ib-in)

(Ib-in)

5.3

155.3

47572

133056

10.6E6

.112

137

.015

Table

# 4.3.3.5:

Tailcone

Cross

Section

Characteristics

Axial

Stresses

f = P/A +

[-(I_M z + IyzMy)y + (IyMy + IyzM_)z]A r

IyIz-Iy_ ^2

Table

4.3.3.6

summarizes

the axial

loading

results.

Axial Stress (Ib_n ^2) Stringer # 18420 -8366 6580 17679 18420 8366 -6580 17679 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8

Table

# 4.3.3.6:

Axial

Stress

Results

Axial

Buckling

fm_LL (psi) 18420

fUC (psi) 27360

fen, (psi) 21240

M.S.LL

M.S.tIL

.143

.04

Table

# 4.3.3.7:

Stringer

Mar_ins

of Safety

2O

Stringer

Fatigue

Analysis

fLL = 18420 Fyield = 45000

psi psi

fUL

---- fLLmax

1.5

_L

= 27630

psi

EILT

--

60000

psi

f_L--_L__._.Fyield

f_ULT -<_.._F

ILT

thus, fm_n = f,_g = fLL/4"4

Lax -" .5 fLL

">

_ea,

= 4186

psi psi psi psi

f--ma, = 9210 "> "> f--mi.= -838 L, = 5024

fmi. = "fma_ + 2f,,g fa,t = _-:-fmf J 2

Using the stringers

figure

15.4.5,

form

Aircraft

Structural before

Design failure.

by Michael

Niu, determines

that

will function

for 107 cycles

Tie Down The critical cases Straight are defined headwind

CLmax

as; + 10 (Elevator
(

Lift on H-Tail)

2. 3. Case # 1:

0 elevation, 0 elevation,

More

lift on the V-Tail)

90 (Drag Tail

on V-Tail)

Lift on the Horizontal

z*

ao

CL

(flJs ^2)
i| i

(ft) 31.1

(slug/ft .00238

^3)

0o3 I
' z obtained

3.86
lrom IIg. _.1_$

2n
PUnaamentals

.723

176
Of Aerodynamics

Table

4.3.3.8:

Horizontal

Tail

Characteristics

21

Case

# 2:

Lift

on the

Vertical

Tail

The calculation as case # 1. LVT. = 381

of the lift for the horizontal

tail, follows

the same

procedure

Ibs

Case

# 3:

Drag

on the

Vertical

Tail

CD = 2.0

(flat

plate) D

OvT = .5"19"V^2"S*C DVT. = 1092 lbs

Shear

Stress

fm_,LL (psi) 681

fUL (psi) 1091.5

Fsh,r (psi) 25000

M.S.LL

M.S.uL

35.7

23.5

Table

# 4.3.3.9:

Tie Down

Margins

of Safety

22

5.0
5.1

MANUFACTURING
Vertical Tail

AND

MAINTENANCE

The Aluminum sections

vertical sheet.

tail The

section vertical

of the

Viper

PFT rudder spars. method.

is manufactured and The dorsal ribs, fin made

largely use of flat

from

2024-T3 skin are with

stabilizer, sheet metal formed is bolted

wrapped metal,

over

brake using rivets. from

formed the

sheet

manufactured MS20470DD castings used bolts, made

hydropress

The entire

assembly through

is fastened

The assembly 355.0-

to the fuselage Aircraft quality

bulkheads

spar attached type bolts are and

T3 aluminum.

AN designation to the control

in the hinges are provided from

and at the bulkhead by inspection the horizontal plates. tail.

mounting

points.

Access

systems

The entire

vertical

tail assembly

is easily

removed

independently

5.2

Horizontal

Tail

The horizontal both ribs

Viper's stabilizer,

horizontal elevator,

tail trim

was

designed

for ease

of production. The front To alleviate

The

skin

of the

tab are flat wrapped. methods. brake

and rear spars stress

combine

the brake will be

forming notched

and the flat wrapping and manufactured by

in the ribs, the The

forming bulkhead for

and

hydropressing.

horizontal from

tail assembly All was

will be attached and rivets to

to the fuselage are aircraft

structure structural

with spar made integrity. for ease The of

castings. tail

bolts

quality, from

horizontal

designed

detach

independently

the

empennage

23

maintenance. ease

In accordance, The

their are access systems

panels

available

for maintenance the final skin

purposes.for wrap.

of production.

control

will be attached

before

5.3

Tailcone The

Assembly Viper used tailcone will consist of thirteen stringers, will be .032 .063 2024-T3 and The 6 frames 2024-T3 and aluminum skin. for ease material

The material of purchasing. has been will be cut

in all but five of the stringers stringers designs from are made as durable, sheet stock from

Aluminum, The

The five in several brake and

Aluminum. easy to use.

proven and

lightweight aluminum.

The stringers intersection formed three into a

formed

frame

at the

of the tailcone into a flange frames, leg-in

fuselage and

will be notched then contour

appropriately and welded

for the stringers, at the and then ends. pressed

brake The other

in shape

rolled

due to their type The shape. tailcone

reduction

in size

will be cut, notched

formed

will

be assembled

by

first

using assembly,

an

L-shaped

bracket

to rivet

the

stringers This that

to the frame. assembly

Then

the stringer-frame be attached main

will be flat wrapped fuselage. will

and riveted. to note internal at the down in

tailcone the

will then

to the main body stringers,

It is important be equal marry to the together

external

dimensions

of the

dimensions interface. height

of the tailcone In addition, additional

stringers

so that the ends between

of the stringers

the five space

stringers

frames tailcone.

A and B, will be stepped

to yield

in the rear of the

4.4

Production

Assembly diagrams depict the production assembly order.

The following

24

IFOLDOUT FP, lV_ A

FOLDOUT

FRAME

I
J
I

I
_J

$C_. Sy

_j[!:
I

j i--I 1
I
!

TAJ

FOLDOUT FRA_E ASSEMBLY

I .......

I
HORIZ_TAL i I TAIL

CONE

1
STABILIZER ISTRINGERS I
i

i
ELEVATOR

SPAR,' BULKHEADS

SKIN

RIBS

RIBS

SKIN

CONTR_ BELLCR/

___ I MOUNTS I

MOUNTS

TRIM TAB

i INTERFACE]

l
TAIL VERTICAL

1
I

1
[ RUI_I]ER

1
SPARS

CDNTRDLS BELLCRANK:

--[LIGHTING

6.0

WEIGHT

SUMMARY
WEIGHT OLBS)

COMPONENT

Vertical Skin Spars Ribs Castings Torque Fasteners Total

Tail

Assembly 8.6 3.9 1.0 2.0

Tube

.14 1.0 Tail Assembly Weight 16.64

Vertical

Horizontal Skin Spars Ribs Castings Fasteners Total

Tail Assembly 14.8 4.2 1.0 2.0 1.2 Assembly Weight 23.2

Horizontal Assembly

Tailcone Skin Stringers Frames Castings Bolts Rivets Total Total and

61.1 2.8 7.5 1.5 Nuts .04 14.8 Tailcone Empennage Assembly Weight Weight 87.74 127.58

Table

6.1.1.1:

Weight

Summary

25

7.0

CONCLUSION

The the loading tie down performed control

goal of this design criterion outlined

project in FAR

is to provide Part 23.

an empennage loading

detail

design

that

meets snow, was the all

Additional humidity

criterion Fatigue

include; analysis

forces

of 120 mph

and resistance life

to rain, years. easy weight

and ice. interest While could

to assure surfaces have

a service been

of twenty for

In the

of maintenance, the design meets

designed

removal. reduction

requirements, iterations.

further

optimization,

through

be performed

in later

26

APPENDIX

FOLDOUT FRAME

f FOtDOUT FRAIvl_

04 03 02 01
ITEM
Ul_ I_

01 01 01 01
QTY
SMII_

TIP

ASSY, ASSY, STAB, ASSY,

DESCRIPTION

421S9303D234 421S9303D232 ASSY, 421S9303D233 421S9303D231

PART#

RUDDER VERTICAL DORSAL

UNIVERSITY EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX XXX

+ ,01 H-,001

SIZE B TITLE

DATE 4-16

SCALE 1/20

DRAVN RUSS ASSY,

BY SNOV

i/2

VERTICAL TAIL DRAVING NO, 421S9303D230

SHEET Ol

/g

FOLDOUTF_

7.
i@ v

09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Ol
ITEM

40 40 173 Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol
QTY

MACHINE NUT

SCREW

AN526DD-632-6 AN366DF-632 MS20470D]]-4

PLATE

RIVETS DORSAL FILLET RIB SKIN (FRONT) (R) (L) SKIN

421S930311294 421S9303D295 421S9303D296 421S9303B297 421S9303D298 42139303]]299

PART #

INTERFACE INTERFACE INTERFACE DORSAL

DESCRIPTION

IIINDISlgN _ UNLESS _ _CIF"II_ i,'_[_C'21

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX + ,01 SIZE B XXX + ,001TITLE

.r_,'r I |.';

gATE 4-16

SCALE i/I0

DRAWN RUSS

BY SNOW

i/2

DORSAL FIN ASSY, DRAWING NO, 421S9303D231

SHEET 01

FOLDOUT

FRAME

@ @ @
I

// // / /// ,11 III III ill /// //J

NEITE=

VERTICAL NOT SHOWN

STAB, FOR

IS BEADED CLARITY

EVERY

F_DOUT

FRAY""

18 17

03 Ol

HINGE

ASSY, SPAR SKIN CASTING

421S9303D248 421S9303D247 421S9303D246 AN4-20 AN363-428 AN960-XC416 AN4-14

REAR REAR BOLT NUT WASHER BOLT

16 15 14 13 12 II i0 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Ol
ITEM

O2 02 08 08 06 Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol 02 Ol Ol Ol 02 02
QTY

FORWARD RUDDER AFT

SPAR

CASTING RIB

421S9303D245 421S9303D244 421S9303D243

INTERFACE RIB

INTERFACE

FORWARD L,E, SIDE AFT TIP SKIN SKIN SPAR RIB

INTERFACE

RIB

421S9303D24_ 421S9303D241 421S9303D240 421S9303D238 421S9303D239

FORWARD AFT SPAR

SPAR STIFFENER SPAR STIFFENER

421S9303D237 421S9303D236 421S9303D235

PART#

FORWARD

BESCRIPTInN

]P.NEN$1"ON I"OLER/U_E$ UNLSS DTI.IERVISE SPEC]FIE9

EMBRY-RII)DLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX

,01

,
IN,
I

+ ,001

SIZE B TITLE

DATE 4-16

SCALE I/I0

DRAWN RUSS ASSY,

BY SNOW

+_ I/8

VERTICAL STAB, DRAWING NO, 421S9303D233

SHEET 01

FOI.DOUT' Fp,AMF-

08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Ol
ITEM

Ol Ol 136 Ol Ol Ol 02 02
QTY

RUDDER TORQUE RIVET L,E, SKIN TORQUE SPAR SPAR SIDE

RDFIT RIB TUBI-_-

42139303D255 421S9303D254 HS20470DD-4 421S9303D253

TUBE

HDUNT

421S9303D252 421S9303D251

STIFFENER SKIN
B;i_'ICRIPTIDN

42139303D250 i42139303D249
PART#

IIINEN._311N TIIER_NCr_ tlNL_ UTHERVISE _MECII_

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY D_,YTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX XXX

+ +

,01 SIZE B ,001TITLE

DATE 4-16

SCALE 1/10

DRAWN RUSS

BY SNOW

_+ i/2

DRAWING

RUDDER ASSY, NO, 421S9303D232

SHEET Ol

08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Ol
ITEM

Ol 01 01 18 18 01 01 Ol
QTY

AFT

LENS

MOUNT LENS

421S9303D259 421S9303D258 421S9303D257 AN366DF632

FORWARD AFT NUT LENS PLATE

MACHINE FORWARD POSITION ROTATING

SCREW LENS LIGHT BEACON

DESCRIPTION

AN526DD-632-6 MOUNT 421S9303D256 B-1943-4 157-0001-R

PART#

II_ TaLERA;WN_ UNL_ IIIN_ S;MICIFI_

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX __+,01 SIZE B ,XXX + ,001TITLE

DATE 4-16

SCALE I/3

DRAWN RUSS

BY SNOW

_+ 1/P

DRAWING

TIP ASSY, FJO, L21S9303D234

SHEET Ol

FOtJ)OUT FRAME.

---IIA

--I

I tF II II II II II tF II II U --/ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -------/ I I I I I I

I I I I I

I /

_OtDOUT FRA.M_

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ITEM

5 1 2 5 1 2 4 1 2

LEADING LEADING SKIN RIBS REAR HINGE

EDGE EDGE

RIB SPAR

AL AL AL AL

2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3 2024-T3

,025 ,075 ,025 ,025 ,14 ,025 ,025 ,25

SPAR ASSEMBLY RIBS SKIN CASTING

AL AL AL AL

421S9303D248

ELEVATOR ELEVATOR ATTACHMENT

295 RIVET 8 BOLTS 8 WASHER NUTS 8 QTY

mLE]_CES SPEGm_E_

MS20470DD-4 AN4-14 AN960XC416 AN363-C428 MATERIAL OR PART #

DESCRIPTION

UNLE_ _

EMBRY--RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX XXX

+ ,01 SIZE IRATE |SCALE IDRAWNBY B 14Z15/93 I/I0 DAVE PAUFLER + ,001TITLE
HORIZONTAL TAIL DRAWING NO, 421S9303D263 ASSEMBLY SHEET 10F 2

i/2

FOLDOUT

FRAME

SECT

B-B

SECT

C-C

FOLDOUT FRA[v_E

SECT

A-A

NOTEI

RIGHT IMAGE

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER OF THE LEFT HORIZONTAL

WILL BE MIRROR STABILIZER SEEN

HERE,

DINI

"II_

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX __+ ,01

,XXX +

SIZE

,001 TITLE

DATE 4115199

SCALE 1/10
TAIL

DRAWN BY DAVID PAUFLER

ASSEMBLY

HORIZONTAL

_+ 1/P

DRAWING

NO,
421S9303D24863

SHEET
2OF2

25 24 23 22 21 20

8O 160 8O 01 01 01

RIVETS SCREWS NUT SKIN SKIN SKIN PLATE PANEL PANEL PANEL A B C

MS AN

20426 526-I

AN 366-] 421S9303 421S9303 421S9303

FOLDOUT

F_

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 I0 09 08 07 -DD-4 _D632 )F632 06 O5 04 03 02 O1

ITEM
_EN_

Ol 01 01 02 01 O2 01 01 01 O2 02 01 01 01 01 Ol 01 2565 8
QTY
TDUD&WCE3

SKIN SKIN

PANEL PANEL

]] E

421S9303D17
|

421S9303D16 421S9303D15 421S9303D 421S9303D 421S9303D 421S9303D 421S9303DI0 421S9303D09 421S9303D08 421S9303D07 421S9303D206 421S9303D205 421S9303D204 421S9303D203 421S9303D202 421S9303D201 MS20470DD-4 STRIP MS20470DD-4
PART#

ACCESS STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER STRINGER

PANEL 2,8 5 4,6 3, 7 1 3A 2A, 4A IA, 5A

14 13 12 11

STRINGER FRAME FRAME FRAME FRAME FRAME FRAME RIVETS A B C D E F

REINFORCMENT

DESCRIPTION

EMBRY-RIDDL.E AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX ,XXX

+ +

,01 SIZE B ,001TITLE

DATE 4-16 TAILCONE

SCALE 1/10

DRAVN BY ATHOUSAKE

ROX,

ASSEMBLY S1H_)FT3

_+ I/2

DRAWING

NO, 421S9303D233

E
t

0 0

.2,
POf..DOUT FRA_e?_

@
A C

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

XXX

i TITLE

SIZE _SCALE B

1/10

DRAWN BY [ ATHOUSAKE

RDX,

TAILCDNE ASSMEBLY ]]RAWING NO, 421S9303D233

SHEET RF 3

FOLOOUTFRAME

I:'-E

A SECTI

A-A

B SECTION

B-B C-C

EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA

,XX + ,01 XXX + ,001 1/P

SIZE DATE]SCALEIDRAWNBY 4-16 I/I0 ATHBUSAKE B TITLE TAILCUNE ASSEMBLY DRAWING NU, 421S9303D99

RE]X,

S3HEET 3 OF