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CSISA
Components: Systems of growing rice: to suit specific environments and socio-economic conditions of the farmers Soil/land Crop management practices
CSISA 2
CSISA
Rainfed Ecosystems
Rainfed rice: The bulk of the rice is produced in the wet season: dependence of rainfall rainfall is the most limiting production constraint for rainfed rice culture Rainfed Upland rice (during March to July) Rainfed lowland pre-monsoon: T. Aus (during April to August) and Rainfed lowland monsoon: T. Aman (during July to December)
CSISA 6
Rainfed upland rice: contd---In Bangladesh, rainfed lowland rice by direct seeding on to non puddled soil at the beginning of the rainy season is known as aus (meaning early) The rice is direct seeded in March-April and harvested in July-August Early maturing varieties are more essential than transplanted rice varieties should have good drought tolerance
CSISA
Rainfed lowland monsoon rice (T. Aman: meaning safety or stability): (including medium deep stagnant water; 50-100 cm) Enough water has to accumulate in the field to soften the soil before plowing can be done Dikes/bunds are essential for rainfed culture because the undependable water supply must be captured and controlled Land is either prepared wet or dry but water is always held on the field The establishment methods are: - transplanting in puddled soil. - WSR on puddled soil and - direct seeded in to dry soil
CSISA 9
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Special Ecosystem: Tidal saline and non saline wetlands Coastal rice belongs to tidal wet land rice
This ecosystem includes both saline and non-saline ecologies. In non-saline: single T. Aman, Boro-T. Aman, T. Aus-T. Aman CPs In saline: single T. Aman, Boro/sesame/mungbean- T. Aman, BoroShrimp/Prawn-Fish, T. Aman+ Fish CPs Local varieties with taller seedling is used. In the medium flooded area, harvesting of Aman rice in standing water at the harvesting time, photo period sensitive var, better. In saline ecologies, the only MV is practiced BR23 which can tolerate stagnant water, some salinity, taller plant height, non-lodging, less sterility
There is little scope for further expansion of MVs unless varieties with
relatively higher growth rate in the nursery bed, sturdy culm and
CSISA profuse root system are evolved. 13
2006 25 20
2007
2008
2009
Salinity (dS/m)
15 10 5 0 J F M A M J Month J A S O N D
Fig. Top soil salinity of Kismat Fultala, Batiaghata, Soil series: Dumuria (MHL)
2006 35 30 2007 2008 2009
Salinity (dS/m)
25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Fig. Water salinity of Pasur river, Mongla port , CSISA Mongla, Bagerhat
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CSISA
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Major crop management in Rainfed lowland rice: contd- Age of seedling; 20-30 days for photoperiod sensitive and 40-50 days
for photoperiod sensitive varieties of rice 2-3 seedlings/hill (with high tillering capacity) 20 x 20 or 20 x 15 cm spacing, wider spacing in fertile soil and closer spacing in poor soil, closer spacing with more seedling/hill I late planted condition Most modern early maturing rices have a short vegetative period that limits the number of panicles formed. Thus dense planting of these varieties can overcome the limitation of a short vegetative period. With poor weed control, closely spaced rice competes better with weeds.
CSISA 17
Wet-seeded lowland rice Pre-germinated seeds are broadcasted or drilled on to puddled fields without much standing water Stand establishment is often poor because of poor land preparation, weed competition and poor water control Early maturing variety (about 100- day duration) are preferred Where rainfall distribution is good and farmers can puddle the fields quickly and thoroughly Dry seeded lowland rice Establishment of dry seeded rice in lowland fields must be in accord with the local rainfall pattern
To obtain high yields with direct seeded rice optimum time of planting
based rainfall pattern, good weed management, optimum fertilizer management (N, K) are necessary
CSISA 18
Irrigated lowland rice: Boro-contd--Farmers of some regions delay planting in order to shorten growth duration vis--vis the production cost, particularly of irrigation. This delayed planting, however, reduces yield significantly. Recently BRRI released relatively shorter duration Boro varieties. But some farmers without being fully aware of the appropriate technologies for such varieties often stick to their traditional practices of early transplanting, subjecting the crop to cold injury during the flowering stage and thus realize poor harvests. With ideal conditions, it is possible to obtain similar high grain yield with rice transplanted or direct seeded in puddled soil.
CSISA
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Irrigated lowland rice: Boro-contd-- To obtain high yields with direct seeded rice optimum time of planting, precise water management, good weed management, optimum fertilizer management (N, K) are necessary
Aus area-9%, Aman -48 % and Boro-43 % of total rice area (10.58 m ha): BBS, 2009
CSISA
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CSISA
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