AirportEngineering

IhearandIforget;Isee andIremember;IdoandI understand TransportationEngineering1(NITSCEE ChineseProverb NUST)

FallSemester 20Sept10to12Jan11 Lecture 9 CE 408 1

Sequence
AirportObstruction Imaginarysurfaces Imaginary surfaces Heightofobjectinapproacharea Turningzone

TransportationEngineering1(NITSCEE NUST)

AirportReferenceCode Airport Reference Code

Thisisacodingsystemusedtorelatetheairportdesign g y p g criteriatotheoperationalandphysicalcharacteristicsof theaircraftintendedtooperateattheairport Based on aircraft approach category and the airplane Basedonaircraftapproachcategoryandtheairplane designgroup Airplanedesigngroupisagroupingofaircraftbasedon wingspan. Aircraftapproachcategoryisdeterminedbytheaircraft approachspeed,isdefinedas1.33timesthestallspeed approach speed is defined as 1 33 times the stall speed atthelandingconfigurationofaircraft,atthemax certifiedlandingweight

Aircraftapproach category A B C D E

Aircraftapproach speed,kn <91 91 121 121 141 141 166 >=166 1 2 3 4 5 6

Airplanedesign

Aircraftwingspan, m <14.85 14.85 23.93 23.93 35.75 35.75 51.81 51.81 64.85 64.85 79.39 64 85 79 39

WhatistheIssue? What is the Issue?

Evaluatestheeffectoftheconstructionoralterationon operatingprocedures Determinesthepotentialhazardouseffectoftheproposed constructionoralterationsonairnavigation t ti lt ti i i ti Identifiesmitigatingmeasurestoenhancesafeairnavigation Chartsnewman madeornaturalobjects. Charts new manmade or natural objects FARPart77allowstheFAAtoidentifypotentialaeronautical yp hazardsinadvancethuspreventingorminimizingtheadverse impactstothesafeandefficientuseofnavigableairspace

Zoninglaws Zoning laws

Height zoning Heightzoning Landusezoning:Governstypeof development.Theseareclassifiedas development These are classified as
Closelyrelatedliketerminalbuilding,parkingetc Nonaviationuse,likecommercial,industrial, N i i lik i l i d i l recreational,etc

Airport Obstruction
Dividedintofollowingcategories Divided into following categories Imaginarysurfaces: Thesearetheestablishedsurfacesinrelationtothe These are the established surfaces in relation to the airportandtoeachrunwayabovewhichno obstructionshouldproject. p j Sizeofimaginarysurfacesdependsuponthe categoryofeachrunwaystripandtypeofapproach plannedforthatrunway Objectswithactualheights

Imaginary Surface
FARspecificationsforallrunwayapproaches p y pp
Lengthofprimarysurface Horizontalsurfaceelevation Conicalsurfacewidth Conicalsurfaceslope Approachsurfacetransitionalsurface Approach surface transitional surface width Transitionalsurfaceslope 200ftfromendofrunway 150ftaboverunwayelevation 4000ft 20to1 5000ft 5000 ft 20to1

Imaginarysurface Imaginary surface

Approachsurfaces Approach surfaces Conicalsurface Horizontalsurface Horizontal surface Takeoffclimbsurface Transitionalsurface Transitional surface

ImaginarySurface Imaginary Surface

Approach surface Approachsurface
Lengthofhorizontal Projectionofsurfacesinm P j ti f f i ILS A B C D 15000 15000 15000 NonILS 3000 3000 3000 2200 Longitudinalupgrade in% i % ILS 2 2 2 NonILS 2.5 2.5 3.3 4

ImaginarySurface Imaginary Surface

Approach surface Approachsurface
Widthneartheendofrunway Divergenceofsides(in%) (inm) (in m) Projectionofsurfacesinm ILS A B C D E 300 300 300 NonILS 150 150 150 80 80 ILS 15 15 15 in% NonILS 10 10 10 10 10

Takeoffclimbsurface Take off climb surface

Similar to the approach surface Similartotheapproachsurface Providedatthetakeoffendofrunway Trapezoidalinshape id l i h

Takeoffclimbsurface Take off climb surface

A Widthnear 180 theendof runwayinm Divergence ofsides 12.5% B 180 C 180 D 80 E 60

12.5% 15000

12.5% 15000

10% 2500

10% 1600

Lengthof 15000 longitudinal l i di l projectionin m Longitudinal 2% Longitudinal 2 % upgrade

2% 2%

2% 2%

4% 4%

5% 5%

Horizontalsurface Horizontal surface

Extends from upper edge of transition surface Extendsfromupperedgeoftransitionsurface andendsatlowerorinnercircularedgeof conicalsurface. Theheightofouterhorizontalsurfaceextends from150m(abovetheARPelevation)to9900 m(forairportswithlengthofrunwayb/w900 mand1500m)orto15000m(forairports havingrunwayslengthmorethan1500 h i l h h 1500 m)aboveelevationofairportreferencepoint.

Horizontalsurface Horizontal surface

The shape of HIS may or may not be circular TheshapeofHISmayormaynotbecircular. Theradiusofouterlimitmeasuredfromthe ARP. ARP Notprovidedfortheairportshavingrunway length<900m. l h 900 StructureshavingheightaboveOuterHSare notpermitted.

Transitionsurface Transition surface

Trapezoidal in shape Trapezoidalinshape Extendsalongthelandingstrip Sl SlopesupwardsandoutwardstotheInnerHS d d d h S

Conicalsurface Conical surface

Extends upwards and outwards from outer HS ExtendsupwardsandoutwardsfromouterHS toapointwhichisatsomeheightabovethe horizontalsurface. horizontal surface Circularinshape

Runwaycode

Sideslope transitional surface

%ofconical surface

Heightofouter orupper circularedge circular edge oftheconical surfaceabove HSinm 100 100 75 55 35 3

Radiusofinner circularedge conicalsurface conical surface withARPinm

A B C D E

14.3 14.3 14.3 20.0 20.0 20 0

5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0

4000 4000 4000 2500 2000

Crosssectionsof C ti f Imaginarysurfaces

Objectswithactualheights Objects with actual heights

Any object which exceeds certain limiting Anyobjectwhichexceedscertainlimiting heightabovethegroundisconsideredtobe anobstructiontotheairnavigation. an obstruction to the air navigation Anyobjectwithin4.5kmdistancefromthe runwayendisconsideredasanobstructionif runway end is considered as an obstruction if itsactualheightismorethan30mabovethe groundorabovethelevelofapproachendof ground or above the level of approach end of runwaywhicheverishigher.

Objectswithactualheights(Cont d) Objects with actual heights (Contd)

Anyobjectwhichislocatedbeyondof4.5km y j y distancefromtherunwayendisconsideredasan obstructionifitsheightabove30mincreasesby morethan7.5mforeachadditional1.5m more than 7 5 m for each additional 1 5m distancefromtherunwayendorifitexceeds 75mwithin15kmdistancefromtherunwayfrom therunwayend. th d Anyobjectwhichprojectsabovetheminimum approachflightaltitudeorwhoselengthexceeds approach flight altitude or whose length exceeds 150mabovethegroundisalsotobeconsidered asanobstruction.

Runwayclearzone Runway clear zone

Provided after runway end starting at 60m Providedafterrunwayendstartingat60m fromtheendwithinapproacharea Length determined by approach surface Lengthdeterminedbyapproachsurface attainingaheightof30m

Runwayclearzone Runway clear zone

Typeofrunway Instrumental runway Noninstrumental runway Visibilityaslowas 1.25km Visibilitygreater than1.25m Approachforutility 300 150 150 435 303 240 210 135 510 510 300 300 300 W1(m) 300 W2(m) 525 L(m) 750

Visualapproachfor 150 pp largerthanutility Visibilityapproach forutility 75

Runwayclearzone/protectionzone Runway clear zone/ protection zone

RunwayClearZone y

W1 Runway L 60m

W2

ApproachArea

TurningZone Turning Zone

Usedincaseofemergencesforturningaircraft g g Anyobjectlocatedwithinadistanceof4.5km fromtheARPisconsideredasanobstructionifits heightexceeds51mabovethegroundorthe height exceeds 51m above the ground or the establishedairportelevationwhicheverismore Any object which is located beyond a distance of Anyobjectwhichislocatedbeyondadistanceof 4.5kmfromtheARPconsideredasan obstructionifitsheightexceeds51mplus30m foreachadditional1.5kmdistancefromARPorif for each additional 1 5km distance from ARP or if itexceeds150mwithinadistanceof15kmfrom ARP

AlsoIfpenetratestheenroute obstacleclearancearea(includesturnand terminationareasoffederalairways)

Problem 1 Problem1
Sketch below shows location of a tower proposed by a newly launched mobile phone service provider company in the vicinity of an airport. Airport reference code is 3C and the only runway is 1380 m long and 30 y y g m wide. There are no stop ways. The height of the proposed tower is 25 m. Considering visual approach runway, check up whether the proposed tower is an y p p p obstruction or otherwise. Reference point for elevation and coordinate system is in the middle centre of the runway. You may assume all points on the runway strip y y p y p and proposed location of tower at the same elevation. Usefigure:4.5/4.9
UseTable:4.11

Solution 1 Solution 1
DATAGIVEN: DATA GIVEN: ARC=3C Runway1380mX30m y Towerheight=25m Visualapproach

230m

1425m

Required :Whethertowerwillbeobstructionornot? R i d Wh h ill b b i ?

Y