Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Rm. 338 Urbana, IL 61801 217.333.

3570 voice 217.244.0323 fax

COMPOSTING MANURE REFERENCES

NRAES PUBLICATIONS Cooperative Extension PO Box 4557 Ithaca, New York 14852-4557 Phone: (607) 255-7654 E-mail: NRAES@CORNELL.EDU Web site: WWW.NRAES.ORG Composting for Municipalities: Planning and Design Considerations (NRAES-94) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes94.html Composting to Reduce the Waste Stream: A Guide to Small Scale Food and Yard Waste Composting (NRAES-43) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes43.htm l VIDEO - Farm-Based Composting: Manure and More (NRAES-150) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes150.html Field Guide to On-Farm Composting (NRAES-114) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes114.html Natural Rendering: Composting Livestock Mortality and Butcher Waste (NRAES163) NEW! http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes163.html On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes54.html VIDEO - On-Farm Large-Scale Chicken Carcass Composting (NRAES-110) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nraes110.html Sludge Composting and Utilization: A Design and Operating Manual (NJ-1) http://www.nraes.org/publications/nj1.html Cornell University Composting Home Page http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/ Agricultural Composting: A Feasibility Study for New York Farms http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/feas.study.html 1

MSW Composting Fact Sheets http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/MSW.FactSheets/msw.fs.toc.html MSW Operator's Fact Sheets http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/Fact.sheets/Fact.sheet.TOC.html Cornell Composting Resources and Publications http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/Compost_Resources.html The Science and Engineering of Composting http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/compost/science.html On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54), a Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service publication, is a 186-page guide to on-farm composting. It provides a comprehensive summary of the composting process, composting methods, raw materials, using compost, site and environmental considerations, marketing, economics, and management. It is probably the best all-round publication on this topic published by the Extension Service. The cost is $20, plus shipping and handling. Contact: NRAES, Cooperative Extension, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 4853-5701, 607-255-7654, 607254-8770, nraes@cornell.edu, http://www.nraes.org http://www.cals.cornell.edu/dept/compost/OnFarmHandbook/coverpg.html B.C. Agricultural Composting Handbook, published by British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, is a handbook consisting of eighteen composting fact sheets. It provides a nice complement to the NRAES publication mentioned above. Topics covered include: The Composting Process; Characteristics of On-Farm Composting Materials; Blending Materials for the Composting Process; Composting Methods; Site Selection; CoComposting with Off-Farm Wastes; Economics; Using Compost; and others. Copies of the publication may be obtained for $10 Canadian (about $8 U.S.) through: Resource Management Branch, B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, B.C., V3G 2M3, 604-556-3100, 604-556-3099 Fax, http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca Woods End Agricultural Institute in Mt. Vernon, Maine, specializes in compost and soil analysis for organic farmers, consultation for compost operations, and research on compost. Dr. William Brinton, director of the laboratory, has published numerous articles and publications on the composting process, compost analysis, and compost usage. Descriptions of the for-sale compost publications listed below are available on their website at http://www.woodsend.org/ These publications are especially useful because they document practical efforts to compost farm wastes, food wastes, and food processing wastes.
- On-Farm Composting: Effects of Technology & Intensification on End-Product Quality and Costs

Composting School Food Scraps Composting Potato Culls and Potato Waste Processing School Food Scap Composting Composting and Using By-Products from Blue Crab and Calico Scallop Processing Plants in Florida Composting Fish By-Products: A Feasibility Study Organic Growing Mix: Use of Compost in Potting Mixes Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Paper Bedding 2

Compostability, Health Risks and Bio-Degradation Woods End Agricultural Institute on-line articles and publications: -Basis for Interpretation of Compost Analyses http://www.woodsend.org/interp2.pdf -Bavarian On-Farm Composting http://www.woodsend.org/ebersbe.pdf -The Dewar Self-Heating Procedure http://www.woodsend.org/dewar.pdf -Sustainability of Modern Composting: Intensification Versus Costs and Quality http://www.woodsend.org/sustain.pdf -Compost Use for Control of Powery Mildew (Uncinula necator) http://www.woodsend.org/will2.pdf -Volatile Organic Acids in Compost http://www.woodsend.org/voa-new2.pdf -Dynamic Chemical Processes in Biodynamic Horn-Manure Preparation http://www.woodsend.org/bd_500.pdf -Living Compost - Living Carbon http://www.woodsend.org/live-com.pdf Science and Engineering of Composting: Design, Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization Aspects. Proceedings of 1992 Composting Research Symposium, 728 pages. Edited by Harry Hoitink and Harold Keener of The Ohio State University. Major sections include: Microbiology, Systems and Infrastructure of Composting; Odor Control; Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants During Composting; Heavy Metals; Compost Stability and Maturity; Facility Management; Beneficial Effects Induced by Composts; Economic Considerations. Lists for $75 through JG Press/BioCycle, contact: BioCycle, 419 State Ave., Emmaus, PA 18049, 610-967-4135, 610-967-1345, biocycle@jgpress.com, http://www.jgpress.com Compost for Manure Management is a special 77-page BioCycle report that focuses on turning livestock waste into a valuable soil amendment. Topics addressed include: Turning a Disposal Problem into a Profit Center; Making, Selling and Applying Composted Manure; Handling Liquids and Solids; Working with Traveling Composters; In-Vessell Systems and Anaerobic Digestion Technology; Getting the Right Materials Mix; Composting High Moisture Manure; Low-Cost Compost Pad Options. It lists for $39 (includes postage and handling) through: BioCycle, 419 State Ave., Emmaus, PA 18049, 610-967-4135, 610967-1345, biocycle@jgpress.com, http://www.jgpress.com The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. 1993. By R. T. Haug. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 717 p. , This is a CRC Press-Lewis Publishers handbook edited by Roger Haug, adjunct professor at Loyola Marymount University. It provides a comprehensive review of composting with lots of engineering and technical specifications data. The sections on composting systems and compost biology are particularly useful. It is listed here mainly as a library reference book. It lists for $95 through: CRC Press LLC , Customer Service 2000 NW Corporate Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, 561-994-0555 , 561-998-9114 Fax, http://www.crcpress.com

EPA Solid Waste Management: Composting Resources

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/ -Innovative Uses of Compost: Disease Control For Plants and Animals http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/disease.txt http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/disease.pdf -Innovative Uses of Compost: Erosion Control, Turf Remediation, and Landscaping http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/erosion.txt http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/erosion.pdf -Innovative Uses of Compost: Reforestation, Wetlands Restoration, and Habitat Revitalization http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/reforest.txt http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/reforest.pdf -Analysis of Composting as an Environmental Remediation Technology http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/analysis.txt
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA) publications

-Compost Teas for Plant Disease Control (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/comptea.html -Worms for Composting (Vermicomposting) (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/vermicom.html -Disease Suppressive Potting Mixes (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/dspotmix.html -Organic Potting Mixes (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/potmix.html -Alternative Nematode Control (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/nematode.html -Sources for Organic Fertilizers and Amendments (ATTRA) http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/orgfert.html
California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) Publications on Compost & Yard Waste

http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/default.asp?cat=2 Note: CIWMB publications are downloaded as MS-Word formatted publications -Compost Demonstration Project on Use of Yard Trimmings Products: Agriculture in Partnership with San Jose, Pub#: 422-96-048 -Compost Demonstration Project, Fresno County: A Comparative Analysis of Soil Amendments Used in Peach Production, Pub#: 422-96-051 -Compost Demonstration Project, Monterey Bay Region: Demonstrating New Opportunities for Growers, Pub#: 422-96-050 -Compost Demonstration Project, Stanislaus County: Green Material Compost Use on Ornamental Nursery Plants and Field Crops, Pub#: 422-96-053 -Compost Demonstration Project, Tulare County: Green Material Compost in Field -Crop Production, Pub#: 422-96-052 -Compost Field Experiment Guide for California Communities -Compost Market Development: A Literature Review -Compost Use on Cotton and Corn--Tulare County, Pub#: 421-98-005 -Compost Use on Peaches--Fresno County, Pub#: 421-98-006 -Compost Use on Vegetables and Nursery Plants--Stanislaus County, Pub#: 421-98-008 -Compost Use on Vegetables--Monterey Bay Region, Pub#: 421-98-007 -Composting Facilities, Pub#: 251-97-005 4

-Market Research into the Use of Organic Soil Amendments by Agriculture in California -Northern California Compost Demonstrations, Pub#: 421-96-070 -Recycling Organic Materials on the Web, Pub#: 421-97-024 -Resource Conservation District Projects Using Mulch and Compost From Cities, Pub#: 422-97-043 -Results of Northern California Compost Demonstrations, Pub#: 422-97-029 -Southern California Mulch and Compost Demonstrations Expanded, Pub#: 422-97-042 Composting Animal Manures: Precautions and Processing University of Hawaii, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/publications/freepubs/pdf/AWM-1.pdf In-Vessel Composting Research & Development and Rotating Tank In-Vessel Composting Demonstrations, Texas A&M University http://www.TAMU-commerce.edu/coas/agscience/dept-res.html Organic Composting for Horticultural Use North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service http://www2.ncsu.edu/bae/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/ebae171_93.html Composting Manure and Other Organic Residues University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service http://ianrwww.unl.edu/pubs/wastemgt/g1315.htm Utilization of Organic Wastes: On-farm Composting West Virginia University Extension Service http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/wastmang/utiliow.htm A Cost Analysis of Municipal Yard Waste Composting Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/resources/economics/compost/ Large Scale Utilization and Composting of Yard Waste University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/he/he02700.pdf D.M. Linton's Environmental Engineering Notebook: Compost Links http://www.mgl.ca/~dlinton/current/compost.shtml Effect of Windrow Composting on Weed Seed Germination and Viability http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/research/ari/matching/96-97/96m018.html Internet Recycling and Composting Resource Page http://www.recycle.cc/resource.htm Low Cost Compost Screener Producer Grant, Southern Region SARE http://www.carolinafarmstewards.org/compostmixer/ 5

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC) A topic-oriented information centers at the National Agricultural Library (NAL). AFSIC staff create and publish Quick Bibliographies (QBs), Special Reference Briefs (SRBs) and AgriTopics (ATs). These publications focus on specific topics of current interest. QBs are bibliographic in nature, and are reflective of materials contained in the National Agricultural Library collection and/or indexed in NAL's database, AGRICOLA. Quick Bibliographies on compost at AFSIC's website include: - Compost: Application and Use, QB 97-01 (June 1997) [390kb] http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9701.htm -Compost: On-farm Systems, QB 97-12 (September 1997) [275kb] http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9712.htm -Compost: Small-scale and Backyard Systems, QB 97-11 (September 1997) [105kb] http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9711.htm
CRIS (Current Research Information System) database

CRIS is USDA's computer-based documentation and reporting system for on-going agricultural, food and nutrition, and forestry research. The CRIS database contains over 30,000 descriptions of current, publicly supported research projects of the USDA research agencies, agricultural experiment stations, and land-grant university systems. CRIS can be searched by keyword at the web address: http://cristel.nal.usda.gov:8080/ CRIS Theme Reports and Bibliographies is a series of pre-searched research topics that address current issues. The report titled Composts: Soil Application and Effects is one of the first eight Theme Reports and Bibliographies posted at: http://ctr.uvm.edu/cris/theme/theme.htm -Composts: Soil Application and Effects (6/28/96) http://ctr.uvm.edu/cris/theme/com.htmT