Topics to be discussed:

Double integration
In rectangular coordinates, In polar coordinates

Triple integration
In rectangular coordinates, In cylindrical
coordinates, In spherical coordinates

Applications
Area, Volume
4.1 Double Integral in Rectangular Coordinates
Let R be a region in the plane which is bounded by
and , where and

x a, x b, y c = = =
y d =
a b <
c d. <
x a =
x b =
y d =
y c =
i
R
Area =
i i
x y A A
( )
i i
,
( )
1
n
i i i i
i
f , x y
=
A A

4.1 Double Integral in Rectangular Coordinates

If exists, then this limit is

called the double integral of f over the region R .
( )
1
n
i i i i
n
i
lim f , x y

=
A A

Now, obtain
Double Integral of f over R
In symbols,
( )
1
n
i i i i
n
i
lim f , x y

=
= A A

( )
R
f x, y dA

Double Integral of f over R

REMARKS:



Double integrals have the same kind of domain
additivity property that single integrals have.

Double integrals are evaluated as iterated
integrals.

dA dxdy dydx = =
Evaluating Double Integrals
( )
2 1
2 0
4 xy dxdy

( )
2 1
2 0
4 xy dx dy

=



1
2
2
2
0
1
4
2
x x y dy

2
2
4
2
y
dy

| |
=
|
\ .

2
2
2
4
4
y
y

| |
= |
|
\ .
( )
8 1 =
( )
8 1
16 =
Region of Integration
( )
2 1
2 0
4 xy dxdy

0 x = 1 x =
2 y =
2 y =
( )
1 2
0 2
4 xy dy dx

=

16 =
x
y
Evaluating Double Integrals
0 0
x
sinx
dy dx
x

2 =
0 0
x
sinx
dy dx
x
| |
=
|
\ .

0
0
x

sinx
y dx
x
| |
=
|
\ .

sinxdx =

( |
0

cos x =
Region of Integration
0 x =
x =
0 y =
y x =
0 0
x
sinx
dy dx
x

2 =
sinx
dxdy
x
=

y

Evaluating Double Integrals

3
8 2
4
0 1 x
dy dx
y +

0 x =
3
y x =
8 x =
2 y =
4
1
dxdy
y
=
+

0
3
y
0
2
x
y
Evaluating Double Integrals
3
2
4
0 0 1
y
dx dy
y +

3
2
4
0 0 1
y
dx
dy
y
| |
|
=
|
+
\ .

3
2
4
0 1
y
dy
y
=
+

( )
2
4
0
1
1
4
ln y = +
( )
1
17
4
ln =
Exercise.
Sketch the region of integration. Write an
integral with the order of integration
reversed. Then evaluate both integrals.
2 4
0 0
2
x
xdydx

1.
2
1
0
x
x
xdydx

2.
( )
4 4 2
0 4
y /
y
dxdy

3.
2
2
3 2 9 4
0 9 4
/ y
y
ydxdy

4.
32
3
=
4
35
=
4
3

=
9
2
=
Application of Double Integrals
REMARKS:

If for all in a region R, the
double integral of f over R is the volume of the
solid whose base is R and whose height at a point
in R is .

If , the double integral of f over a
region R is just the area of R.
( )
0 f x, y >
( )
x, y
( )
x, y
( )
f x, y
( )
1 f x, y =
x
y
z
( )
1
n
i i i i
n
i
lim f , x y

=
A A

( )
z f x, y =
V = ( )
R
f x, y dA =

Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
a. Solid in the first octant bounded by
( )
2 2
4 f x, y x y =
( )
2 2
4 V x y dxdy =

0
2
4 y
0
2
2 2
4 x y + =
Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
a. Solid in the first octant bounded by
( )
2 2
4 f x, y x y =
( )
2 2
4 V x y dy dx =

0
2
4 x
0
2
2 2
4 x y + =
Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
x
y
1 x =
y x =
b. Prism whose base is the
triangle in the xy-plane
bounded by the x-axis,
and the lines

and whose top lies in the
plane
( )
3 f x, y x y =
1 x , y x = =
Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
x
y
1 x =
y x =
( )
3 V x y dy dx =

0
x
0
1
( )
3 V x y dxdy =

y
1
0
1
Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
c. Bounded above by


but bounded below by
( )
2 2
2 f x, y x y =
( )
2 2
f x, y x y = +
Exercise.
SET-UP the double integral which gives
the volume of the solid described.
2 2
1 x y + =
2 2
2 V x y dxdy =

0
2
1 y
0
1
2 2
x y dxdy +

0
0
1
2
1 y
Recall:
In polar form, a
point has coordinates
(r, u),
where r is the directed
distance of the point from
the pole and u is the
radian measure of the
angle which the terminal
side of u makes with the
positive side of the x-axis,
also known as the polar
axis.
(r, u)
-
r
u
x = rcosu
y = rsinu
x
2
+ y
2
= r
2
22