Non-Harmonic Tones: @ = accented (on beat) u = unaccented (off beat) Skip=Leap=Disjunct Rearticulate=repeat Harmonic Tone=Chord Tone Step=Conjunct

Passing Tone- passes by step between chord tones in one direction, either up or down.
@, u (abbreviation: + or PT) Step to + Step to resolve C D E Neighbor Tone-leaves and returns back to the same chord tone by step in either direction. @, u (abbreviation: upper = UNT / lower = LNT) Step to NT, step to resolve C D C *Neighbor group:-4 notes changing from chord tone then a single upper and single lower neighbor tone. (also called changing tones) @, u Step to /skip opposite /step to resolve C D B C *Turn: 5 notes-chord tone in between each neighbor C D C B C Appoggiatura (to lean)-approached by leap, and resolved to a chord tone by step. Usually the resolution is in the opposite direction of the leap. (Be careful with the term appoggiatura. Its definition varies according to the era in which it was written). @ u (abbreviation: app) Either direction; skip to (leap), step to resolve (opposite of skip) *Cambiata (reaching tone) Either direction; skip to (leap), step to resolve (opposite of skip) on weak beat- u (abbreviation: cam) Escape Tones (chappe) the opposite of an appoggiatura. It is approached by step in either direction and resolved to a chord tone in opposite direction by leap. Occurs on unaccented beat and does not return to the chord tone preceding the escape tone, rather it jumps to another chord tone. occurs in a weak rhythmic position usually u- u (abbreviation: ch) Step to, skip to resolve (opposite of step) A B G - A G B Anticipation-next chord tone arrives before the chord. Approached by step in either direction. only u (abbreviation: ant) Note precedes change by step, rearticulate (as resolve) AG G - A B B Suspension-downward only- chord tone prepared (held over) from weak beat becomes dissonant non-harmonic tone on chord change (@) , then resolves down to chord tone on u. A note that is held over and resolved to the chord tone by step after the chord has arrived. (abbreviation: S or sus) (note stays after change) rearticulate same, step to resolve A A G prepared on weak beat, suspended on strong, resolves on weak

Retardation same as suspension but upward resolution. (abbreviation: ret) Pedal Point (usually dominant) Held Note - a repeating or held note over (or under or around) which the
harmony changes (in high voice = inverted pedal, in inner voice = inner or internal pedal) (abbreviation: Ped. --------------|)

Non-Harmonic Tones Outline I. Always remember that we are studying what the great composers did during the Common Practice Era (1600-1900) to successfully write pieces of great beauty. Even so, they remain excellent guidelines for us today in our own compositions! So far you have been working with harmonic tones, notes that are contained within the chord. Now you get to add N-H tones, notes that are not contained within the chord and are dissonant in relationship to the prevailing harmony of the chord. NHT creates dissonance which causes harmonic tension. The NHT proceeds to an HT which then resolves the tension. - This release adds the spice and variety to music that makes it so enjoyable. Non-harmonic tones are defined according to the way they are approached and left. looked at melodically, linearly or horizontally. -proceed horizontally from a ht to a nht & then resolves (comes to rest) to a consonant harmonic tone contained in the next chord of resolution (chord does not necessarily change). -names may be changed from school, textbook and professor, as well as some of the way their functions are described, but the ideas of how non-harmonic tones participate in the life of music does not. Review Vocabulary on top of page @ - accented, stressed or strong beat-always 1, and sometimes 3 in a 4 beat measure. u unaccented, weak 2, 3 and beats. Conjunct- alphabetically next to each other disjunct not next to each other, can be 2 or more letters apart. Rearticulate a repeated note. Specific Non-harmonic tones There are two ways to group NHT by where they fall on @ or U, or by note movements of conjunct, disjunct or rearticulate. Teams of similarity+, NT: contains a conjunct (step) non-harmonic tone. app, ech, cam: contains a disjunct (skip) non-harmonic tone. ant, sus, ret: contains a repeated or rearticulated non-harmonic tone. Teams of similarity***+, NT: contains a conjunct (step) non-harmonic tone. ***app, ech, cam: contains a disjunct (skip) non-harmonic tone. ***ant, sus, ret: contains a repeated or rearticulated non-harmonic tone.

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