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Problem 4.64
Problem 4.65
Problem 4.68
is deflected by a hinged plate of length 2 m supported by a spring with spring constant k = 1 N/m and uncompressed length x0 = 1 m. Find and plot the deflection angle as a function of jet speed V. What jet speed has a deflection of 10?
2
Given: Data on flow and system geometry Find: Deflection angle as a function of speed; jet speed for 10o deflection
999
0.005 m
2m
N m
x0
1m
Governing equation:
Momentum
Fspring
V sin
VA
But
Fspring
kx
k x0
L sin
Hence
k x0
L sin
V A sin
Solving for
asin kL
k x0 AV
2
k x0
L sin
A sin
0.867
m s
The deflection is plotted in the corresponding Excel workbook, where the above velocity is obtained using Goal Seek
asin
AV
10
V (m/s) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
(o ) 30.0 29.2 27.0 24.1 20.9 17.9 15.3 13.0 11.1 9.52 8.22 7.14 6.25 5.50 4.87 4.33
(deg)
25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
V (m/s)
Problem 4.69
Problem 4.70
Problem 4.71
Problem 4.72
Problem 4.73
Problem 4.74
Problem 4.75
Problem 4.76
Problem 4.77
Problem 4.78
Problem 4.79
Problem 4.80
Problem 4.81
The horizontal velocity in the wake behind an object in an air stream of velocity U is given by u ( r) U 1 cos r 2
2
u ( r)
where r is the non-dimensional radial coordinate, measured perpendicular to the flow. Find an expression for the drag on the object. Given: Data on wake behind object
Momentum
1 U
0 1
u ( r)
r u ( r) dr
2
0
r u ( r) dr
2
0
r 1
cos
r 2
2 2
dr
2
0
2 r cos
r 2
r cos
r 2
dr
3 8
2
2
5 8
Problem 4.82
Problem 4.83
Problem 4.86
Problem *4.91
Problem 4.107
Problem 4.108
Problem 4.109
A jet boat takes in water at a constant volumetric rate Q through side vents and ejects it at a high jet speed Vj at the rear. A variable-area exit orifice controls the jet speed. The drag on the boat is given by Fdrag = kV2, where V speed V. If a jet speed Vj = 25 m/s produces a boat speed of 10 m/s, what jet speed will be required to double the boat speed?
Given: Data on jet boat Find: Formula for boat speed; jet speed to double boat speed Solution
CV in boat coordinates
Governing equation:
Momentum
Fdrag
Vj
Hence
kV
Q Vj
QV
kV
QV
Q Vj
Solving for V
Q 2k
Q 2k
Q Vj k
Let
Q 2k
Vj
10
m s
Vj
25
m s
10
m s
2 25
m s
50
10
100
20
10 m 3 s
Hence
10 3
100 9
20 V 3 j
For V = 20 m/s
20
10 3
100 9
20 V 3 j
100 9
20 V 3 j
70 3
Vj
80
m s
Problem 4.110
Problem 4.112
Problem 4.113
Problem 4.114
Problem *4.168
Problem *4.171
Water flows in a uniform flow out of the 5 mm slots of the rotating spray system as shown. The flow rate is 15 kg/s. Find the torque required to hold the system stationary, and the steady-state speed of rotation after it is released. Given: Data on rotating spray system
mflow
15
kg s
0.015 m
ro
0.25 m
ri
0.05 m
0.005 m
Tshaft
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
ro
ro
or
Tshaft
2
ri
rV
V dr
2 ri
r dr
ro
ri
ro
ri
mflow
Hence
Tshaft
ro
ri
ro
ri
Tshaft
mflow 4
ro ro
ri ri
Tshaft
1 4
kg 15 s
m 999 kg
1 0.005 m
( 0.25 ( 0.25
0.05) 0.05)
Tshaft
16.9 N m
Vxyz
dV
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
Vxyz
The velocity in the CV varies with r. This variation can be found from mass conservation
For an infinitesmal CV of length dr and cross-section A at radial position r, if the flow in is Q, the flow out is Q + dQ, and the loss through the slot is Vdr. Hence mass conservation leads to (Q dQ) V dr Q 0
dQ
dr
Q ( r)
const
Qi
mflow 2
Hence
Qi
ri
mflow 2 2
mflow ro ri
ri
mflow 2
ri ro
r ri
mflow 2
ro r ro ri
Q A
mflow 2 A
ro r ro ri
Vxyz
dV becomes
ro
ro
Vxyz
dV
A
ri
r v ( r) dr
4
ri
mflow 2
ro r dr ro ri
or
ro
Vxyz
dV
2 mflow
ri
ro r r dr ro ri
mflow
ro
ri 2 ri 3 ro 3 ro ri
Recall that
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
ro
ri
Hence equation
Vxyz
dV
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA becomes
mflow
ro
ri 2 ri 3 ro 3 ro ri
ro
ri
Solving for
3 ro
ri
3
V ri
ro 2 ri
ri
mflow ro
461 rpm
3 ro
Problem *4.172
If the same flow rate in the rotating spray system of Problem 4.171 is not uniform but instead varies linearly from a maximum at the outer radius to zero at a point 50 mm from the axis, find the torque required to hold it stationary, and the steady-state speed of rotation. Given: Data on rotating spray system
mflow
15
kg s
0.015 m
ro
0.25 m
ri
0.05 m
0.005 m
Tshaft
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
ro
or
Tshaft
2
ri
rV
V dr
where V is the exit velocity with respect to the CV. We need to find V(r). To do this we use ma conservation, and the fact that the distribution is linear
V ( r)
Vmax
ri ro ri mflow
and
1 V r 2 max o
ri
so
V ( r)
mflow
r ro
ri ri
2
ro
Hence
Tshaft
2
ri
r V dr
mflow
ro
r r ro
ri
ri ri
2
dr
Tshaft
mflow 6
ri ro
3 ro ri
Tshaft
1 6
15
kg s
m 999 kg
1 0.005 m
Tshaft
30 N m
Vxyz
dV
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
Vxyz
The velocity in the CV varies with r. This variation can be found from mass conservation
For an infinitesmal CV of length dr and cross-section A at radial position r, if the flow in is Q, the flow out is Q + dQ, and the loss through the slot is Vdr. Hence mass conservation leads to (Q dQ) V dr Q 0
dQ
dr
r r
Q ( r)
Qi
ri
mflow
r ro
ri ri
2
dr
Qi
ri
mflow
r ro
ri ri
2
dr
Qi
mflow 2
Hence
Q ( r)
mflow 2
r 1 ro
ri ri
2 2
Q A
mflow 2 A
r 1 ro
ri ri
2 2
Vxyz
dV becomes
ro
ro
A
ri
r v ( r) dr
4
ri
mflow 2
r r 1 ro
ri ri
2 2
dr
or
ro
2 mflow
ri
r 1
ro ro
r ri
2 2
dr
mflow
1 2 r 6 o
1 r r 3 i o
1 2 r 2 i
Recall that
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA
mflow
ri ri
3 ro
6 ro
Hence equation
Vxyz
dV
r Vxyz
Vxyz dA becomes
mflow
1 2 r 6 o
1 r r 3 i o
1 2 r 2 i
mflow
ri ri
3 ro
6 ro
Solving for ro
mflow ri
2
3 ro
2
2 ri ro
3 ri
ro
ri
1434 rpm
Problem *4.175