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General Specification
CODE IDENT NO.
23835
SPEC NO.
ES504255, REV I
ISSUE DATE
2/9/99
SUPERSEDING
ES504255 H
DATED
6 JANUARY 1999
TORQUE REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL THREADED FASTENERS
(SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE EQUIPMENT)
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR
* Printed copies of this document may not be current and should not be used for official
purposes. The current version is in the DMIE Information System at http://dmie
Page
1.
SCOPE................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1
1.2
1.3
Contents............................................................................................................................... 3
Purpose................................................................................................................................ 3
Nonstandard Torques .......................................................................................................... 3
2.
2.1
Listing .................................................................................................................................. 3
3.
REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 6
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4
3.2.1.5
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.4.3.2.1
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.6.1
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.8.1
3.4.9
3.4.9.1
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.11.1
3.4.11.2
3.4.11.3
Special Preloads................................................................................................................. 8
Special Torque Values......................................................................................................... 8
Electronic Equipment and Assembly ................................................................................... 9
Nylon Screws and Nuts........................................................................................................ 9
Torque ................................................................................................................................. 9
Installation Torque .............................................................................................................. 9
Torque Coefficient K ........................................................................................................... 9
Torque Wrench Personnel ................................................................................................... 9
Overtorqued Fasteners........................................................................................................ 9
Retorquing ........................................................................................................................... 9
Multiple Installations ......................................................................................................... 9
Lubrication .......................................................................................................................... 9
Torque Tables...................................................................................................................... 9
Self-Locking Fasteners ...................................................................................................... 10
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.1.1
4.3.1.2
4.3.1.3
4.3.1.4
4.3.1.5
4.3.1.6
Torque Inspection.............................................................................................................. 10
Thread Length Inspection ................................................................................................. 10
Tooling .............................................................................................................................. 10
Torque Wrenches............................................................................................................... 10
Tool Accuracy ................................................................................................................... 10
Tool Selection .................................................................................................................... 10
Calibration ........................................................................................................................ 10
Sealing and Marketing ...................................................................................................... 10
Recalibration ..................................................................................................................... 10
Adapters ............................................................................................................................ 10
5.
6.
NOTES ............................................................................................................................. 10
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
Intended Use...................................................................................................................... 10
Formulas Used .................................................................................................................. 11
Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 12
Maximum Locking Torque ................................................................................................ 12
Breakaway Torque ............................................................................................................ 12
ii
Page
Rivnuts ............................................................................................................................... 13
Inserts, Bolts/Screws, and Nuts at 80 ksi .......................................................................... 13
Blind Nuts and Anchor Nuts at 125 ksi ............................................................................. 14
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, Into Inserts Assembled in
6061-T6 Aluminum ............................................................................................................ 15
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, Installed Into Inserts
Assembled in 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy. ........................................................................... 16
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, Into Invar and
Higher Shear Strength Aluminum Alloy ............................................................................ 17
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, Into Invar and
Higher Shear Strength Aluminum Alloy ............................................................................ 18
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, assembled in Tapped Material.................................................. 19
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, assembled in Tapped Material.................................................. 20
Maximum Prevailing and Minimum Breakaway Torque .................................................. 21
Nylon Fasteners Assembly Torque .................................................................................... 21
Thread Engagement and Protrusion ................................................................................. 21
iii
SCOPE
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
Listing. The following documents, of the issue as specified in the contractual instrument (or
2.1
as specified for use within JPL), form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein:
SPECIFICATIONS
JPL
ES516101
Federal
GGG-W-686
Wrench, Torque
Military
MIL-S-7742
MIL-S-8879
MIL-DTL-18240
MIL-DTL-25027
NASC
NAS618
DS132
DS134
DS136
QAI85-15-6-001
ST10051
ST10060
ST10072
ST10073
ST10224
ST10225
ST11326
ST11294
90273
Federal
FED-STD-H28
Military
MS21076
MS24693
MS35649
MS35650
MS35691
MS51957
MS51958
NASC
NAS1216
NAS1351
NAS1352
NAS1348
NAS1394
NAS1395
NAS1580C
Commercial
Hi-Shear Corp. (CAGE 73197)
BB414
BB415
KNCB( )J
KNC( )J
KNHB( )J
SL6096C
3.
REQUIREMENTS
Installation Holes.
3.2.1
Hole Preparation.
3.2.1.1
Diameters. Where possible, hole diameters and tolerances shall conform to NAS618.
3.2.1.2
Perpendicularity. Holes shall be drilled perpendicular to the surface within 0.5 degree.
3.2.1.3
Finish. Holes shall be smooth and free from any drill chatter or scoring marks.
Circularity (Roundness). Holes shall be round within the best shop practice. Holes may be
3.2.1.4
reamed for shear and critical applications.
Cleaning. After the holes are machined, they shall be cleaned to remove all contaminants
3.2.1.5
before the bolts are installed.
Fastener Threads. There will be two different fastener thread series referenced in this
3.3
document.
Unified National Thread. The Unified National inch thread conforms to FED-STD-H28 and
3.3.1
MIL-S-7742.
3.3.2
J Form Thread. The J form thread has the MIL-S-8879 thread form.
Preferred Threads. The J form threads are preferred. The J form external thread shall not
3.3.3
be used with internal Unified National form, MIL-S-7742, without the specific approval of the cognizant
engineer.
3.3.4
Bolt Stress Area. Bolt root areas are used to calculate the preloads listed herein. (See 6.2a)
Bolts, Screws and Nuts. The bolt, screw or nut shall not be reworked in any manner; this
3.3.5
includes drilling, filing, cutting, using a tap or die, or any other mutilation, unless approved by the
cognizant engineer, reidentified and inspected by QA.
Preferred Parts. The listing of a part in the Torque Tables does not imply the part is
3.3.6
approved for general use. See Section 352 Fastener Specialist for approvals.
3.4
Installation.
3.4.1
Quantity of Fasteners Used. Only as many fasteners as are anticipated to be installed and
6
The torque required to overcome kinetic friction between mating bearing faces and
between mating threads, plus;
b.
The torque required to overcome the self-locking feature (if any), plus;
c.
The torque required to apply the desired axial load to a fastener assembly.
They are only replaced by flight certified fasteners from flight store.
b.
They are stock items, controlled or special order bolts and screws readily available in
next length sizes.
Grip Adjustment. When a longer bolt or screw is substituted, additional washers may be
3.4.8.1
added to the ones specified on the engineering drawing subject to the following limitations:
a.
The number of washers used on a fastener shall be limited to three: one washer under
the head and two under the nut, or two under the head and one under the nut.
b.
Countersunk washers shall be installed under bolt heads with the countersunk side
facing the bolt head.
Washers. Washers shall be used in accordance with the engineering drawing, applicable
3.4.9
process bulletins and design standards, to reduce or eliminate threads in bearing, or to prevent dissimilar
metal contact. Normally, washers shall be placed under the part of the fastener that is to be wrenched
(turned) to prevent galling of the substructure. Countersunk washers (90273 or equivalent) shall be used
to provide sufficient clearance for the fillet radius under the head.
Washers with Flush Head Fasteners. Washers shall not be used under flush heads unless
3.4.9.1
specified on the engineering drawing.
Design Torque Requirements. Design may specify torque values not listed in the Tables
3.4.10
herein when the design requirements dictate.
3.4.11
Fastener Assembly. Fastener assembly preload shall be based on 50 percent of the fastener
3.4.11.1
tensile strength (see 6.2b).
Tapped Holes. Preloads for bolts/screws assembled into tapped holes shall be limited by the
3.4.11.2
parent materials shear yield strength (Fsy) (see 6.2c).
Preloads for Bolts/Screws Installed Into Inserts. Preloads for bolts/screws installed into
3.4.11.3
inserts that are assembled in various materials shall be based on the applicable Fsy of the parent material
(see 6.2d).
Special Preloads. For critical preloaded structural assembly tension and shear applications,
3.4.11.4
torque values based on higher percentages of tensile yield strength shall be permitted with the approval
of the cognizant engineer and the Structures and Materials Review Committee. The special torque values
shall be specified on the engineering drawing.
Special Torque Values. Preload torque may be determined by analysis as the torque value
3.4.11.5
required to ensure joint assembly integrity, considering all loading, thermal, and operational
environments and applicable safety factors, where torque-tension testing is not justifiable, or where data
exists with similar design configuration which support the analysis.
3.4.11.6
Electronic Equipment and Assembly. Torque values for electric and electronic packaging
8
Nylon Screws and Nuts. Torque values for nylon screws and nuts shall be as specified in
3.5
Torque.
0.21 -
Lubricated threads or lubricated head/washer only and silver plated nuts onto bare
A-286 bolts when torques applied to the head.
0.15 -
Silver plated nuts with unlubricated A-286 bolts, torque applied to the nut.
Bolts/screws with dry film lubricated threads and head/washer, torque applied to
the head, going into unlubricated inserts and tapped holes.
b.
Snug up diagonally opposite fasteners until all fastener heads are seated.
c.
4.0
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Torque Inspection. All threaded fasteners torqued to the requirements of this specification
4.1
shall be 100 percent inspected for proper torque during assembly.
Thread Length Inspection. Fastener thread length shall be inspected for conformance to the
4.2
requirements of 3.4.7.
4.3
Tooling.
Torque Wrenches. Torque shall be applied to the fasteners using torque wrenches
4.3.1
conforming to QAI 85-15-6-001 and GGG-W-686.
Tool Accuracy. Wrenches shall be capable of indicating torque within 4 percent. New
4.3.1.1
tools may require two applications before the accuracy is within the 4 percent requirements.
Tool Selection. The torque wrench to be used shall be chosen such that the specified torque
4.3.1.2
values for a particular fastener shall be between 20 and 80 percent of the full-scale torque.
Calibration. Torque wrench calibration shall be checked prior to the first use and thereafter
4.3.1.3
at intervals not to exceed 30 calendar days. The interval may also be adjusted by individual gage
inspection card. A dated certification of such check shall be securely attached to the wrench.
Sealing and Marking. Torque presetting wrenches shall be sealed after adjustment and
4.3.1.4
calibration check with a suitable tamperproof material. The torque to which the wrench is set shall be
clearly and conspicuously marked on the wrench.
Recalibration. If a torque wrench is dropped, struck or otherwise damaged, or suspected of
4.3.1.5
being out of calibration, the wrench shall be checked before further use and, if found to be out of
calibration, the wrench shall not be used until recalibrated.
Adapters. Adapters or extensions shall be used with torque wrenches only when necessary.
4.3.1.6
Adapters or extensions shall be used only with wrenches designed for their use and the wrench or adapter
combination shall be calibrated prior to use, or correction made for actual torque by an acceptable
analytical method.
5.0
6.0
NOTES
Intended Use. Torque values are to be used in the assembly of spacecraft structure,
6.1
subassemblies, and other areas as indicated.
6.2
Formulas Used:
10
1
n
7 x x
Fsy d x
8
F = Preload (lbs)
n = Fasteners Threads per inch (in-1)
Fsy = Tapped Material Shear Yield Strength (psi)
d = Thread Major Diameter (in)
d.
Preload (F), fastener assembled into insert that has been installed in a tapped hole.
F = Ase x
1
L
3x
Fsy
n
F = Preload (lbs)
L = External Thread Length of Insert (in)
n = Threads per inch, External Insert Threads (in-1)
Ase= Shear Engagement Area(*) of External Insert Threads (in2)
Fsy = Shear Yield Strength of Parent Material (psi)
(*) Supplied by manufacturer of insert.
e.
Definitions. For the purpose of clarification and interpretation, the following definitions are
6.3
applicable to this specification.
11
Maximum Locking Torque. The maximum torque is measured during the installation or
6.3.1
removal cycle with no load on the base of the nut. On the first installation cycle, maximum locking
torque is defined as the highest reading measured during the turn of the nut after the top of the nut is
flush with the end of the bolt.
Breakaway Torque. After assembly, the nut shall be backed-off (counterclockwise) until the
6.3.2
preload on the assembly is removed and then the turning shall be stopped. The breakaway torque is the
torque required to start the nut turning again in a counterclockwise direction.
12
ST10224, ST10225
Preload
Pounds
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
58
87
141
209
Inserts:
SL6061C, SL6096C
Bolts/Screws: MS24693[1], MS51957, MS51958
ST10051, ST10072, NAS1352C, NAS1351C
Nuts:
MS35649, MS35650, MS35691 [2]
Mating Bolt/Screw:
Preferred
Thread Size
Preload
Pounds
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
Preferred
Thread Size
58
120
192
Preload
Pounds
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
288
473
700
1300
Notes:
[1] Use 80 percent of the listed torque for MS24693 and other flush head screws.
[2] MS35691 is a jam nut, use 50 percent of the listed torque.
13
14
Parent Material: Al 6061-T6 and all other materials having higher than Fsy=22.5ksi
Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4
120
233
371
557
905
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J
NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4
233
371
557
905
1340
2500
Open Insert
Number
Preload Pounds
NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4
905
1340
2500
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS1580C()H
countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range .
15
Parent Material: Al 6061-T6 and all other materials having higher than Fsy=22.5ksi
Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4
143
277
441
635
922
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J
NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4
277
441
662
1010
1625
2703
Open Insert
Number
Preload Pounds
NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4
1080
1625
2970
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134-()-() countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.
16
Parent Material:
Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4
120
233
371
557
905
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J
NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4
233
371
557
905
1340
2500
Open Insert
Number
Preload Pounds
NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4
905
1340
2500
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS1580C()H
countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.
17
Parent Material:
Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4
143
277
441
662
983
Open Insert
Number
Preload
Pounds
KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J
NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4
277
441
662
1080
1625
2880
Open Insert
Number
Preload Pounds
NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4
1080
1625
2970
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134-()-() countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.
18
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
19
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28
[2] Use the high end of the torque range when applying torque to a nut. Use the low end of the torque
range when applying torque to the bolt head and using lubricated threads and a lubricated head/washer
and using fasteners 0.190-32 and larger.
20
Assembly Torque
(Inch-Ounces)
8
16
27
21