Linux Admin

Practical No : 01

Title : Installation of Dual Boot Server : Windows and Linux Installation Constraints : 1. Type of Partitions : Primary Partition : 01 Extended Logical Partitions : 09 2. File Allocation Table (FAT): Name ====> Primary Master | |===> Primary Partition | `===> Extended Partition | |---> Logical Part. #1 | #2 | |---> " #3 | |---> " #4 | |---> " #5 | |---> " #6 | `---> " #7 | |---> " #8 Label Type Minimal Full

HDD hda (if HDD is IDE) sda (if HDD is SCSI) hda1 hda2 hda5 hda6 hda7 hda8 hda9 hda10 hda11 hda12 D:\ E:\ /boot /home / /tmp /var FAT32 FAT32 ext3 ext3 swap ext3 ext3 ext3 10GB 10GB 100MB 500 MB 50GB 50GB 100MB 500 MB C:\ NTFS/FAT32 5GB 10GB

600 MB [Not Less than 2*RAM 500 MB 1000 MB 1000 MB 500 MB 1000 MB 1000 MB

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Linux Admin | |--->

"

#9

hda13

/usr

ext3

474 MB -------1174 MB

4850 MB -------8550 MB

Note: - swap space should not less than 2*RAM 3. Manual Partition Using Disk Druid : 4. Disadvantages of Disk Druid: 5. Manual Partitions Using fdisk :

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Linux Admin

Note: - swap space should not less than 2*RAM Partition is a part of hard disk which is to be utilized for a different cause than it's neighboring partition. Partition is "Hardware" since it comes from a hard disk which is a hardware. Basically anything can be holed in hands is a hardware , and as hard disk could be , hard disk and hence partition is a h/w. Partitions could be further sub-divided into two types -: Primary Partitions -> It is an actual partition which can be given a label and can be used for some purpose. There can be max 4 primary partitions on a hard disk ( limitations of BIOS which was first introduced by IBM and all other personal computers are it's clones. Extended Partition -> This is ideally not a partition but a concept that can be further divided into logical partitions which can be further given labels and used for some purpose. Only 1 extended partition can be created from a hard disk which can be further sub divided to 64 logical volumes ( partitions )in Linux. Windows allows only 21 logical partitions. Note : Max. Number of logical volumes also depends on motherboard. In some cases only 16 logical volumes are allowed from an extended partition.

Windows can only be installed on Primary, active partition. Drive(e.g. C:\ D:\ etc) in Windows = Filesystem in Linux Normally the important directories which if filled could hamper the Functioning of system are made a totally different filesystem on a
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Linux Admin Different partition in linux. Normally, the various directories Which are given different partitions are /boot , / , /home , /tmp , /var , /usr . For eg. -> /home is the directory in which all users have their home directories, if there is no quota policy for users in place , in case they dump more and more data in their home directories and if /home is not in another partition , all data will be going into the "/" directory and ultimately it gets filled up. This will make the system slow and ultimately system may hang and will give problems later while booting. Even the root user will not be able to login because his home directory ( /root ) is in / directory which is already full. Note : To solve above problem, root user can login from linux rescue mode and try to do the cleanup. 'df' is command used to see all filesystems present on the system and being used by linux kernel and their current usage. df -h gives the output in human readable form ( in MB's ) For eg. -> Filesystem /dev/hda7 /dev/hda6 none /dev/hda10 /dev/hda12 /dev/hda11 /dev/vg/lv df -h Size 950M 99M 109M 950M 8.3G 950M 465M Used Avail Use% Mounted on 116M 786M 13% / 9.2M 85M 10% /boot 0 109M 0% /dev/shm 17M 885M 2% /tmp 4.5G 3.5G 57% /usr 263M 639M 30% /var 8.1M 433M 2% /home

Minimum 3 partitions required for a successful installation /boot , / , swap

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Linux Admin

Minimum 7 Partitions required for a successful and efficient linux installation /boot , / , /home , swap , /tmp , /var , /usr

For getting an optimum performance from a system , no partition should be filled more than 82% of it's size. Link is a type of shortcut which is used to point out to files in Locations which involve typing a long path to access them.

Conclusion : We have successfully studied the installation of Linux

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