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Hybrid Routing Technique: Hybrid Routing is a combination of the both distance-vector and link-state routing.

This is an important third classification of routing algorithm. This is also called balanced-hybrid routing.
(Ref: Buchanan W, Distributed Systems And Networks, Page 386.)

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Advantages: Hybrid routing protocols use distance-vectors for more accurate metrics to determine the best paths to destination networks, and report routing information only when there is a change in the topology of the network . The even-driven nature of hybrid routing allows for rapid convergence (as with the link state protocols), but compare with link-state protocol it requires much less processing power and memory. (Ref: Buchanan W,
Distributed Systems And Networks, Page 386)

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EIGRP: EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol developed by Cisco. EIGRP uses "Distributed update algorithm" or "DUAL", it combines the Link-state and Distance-Vector algorithms. EIGRP is considered balanced hybrid protocol. Unlike IGRP that only understands major network numbers, EIGRP can be configured to use subnet masks and supernet masks. The format of the EIGRP routing table is different from IGRP routing table. Advantages of EIGRP are: Fast convergence, Support for multiple protocols,

requires less bandwidth than Distance-vector protocols because only partial updates are broadcasted and only when changes in topology are detected. EIGRP does not use periodic broadcasts. Improved loop detection and prevention.
(Ref: http://www.itexamprep.com/china/cisco/article/o_routerpro.htm )

Here are some of EIGRP's improvements over IGRP:


DUAL Incremental updates Loop-free networks Reduced bandwidth usage Support for multiple network layer protocols (IP, IPX, AppleTalk) Support for variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs), discontiguous networks, and classless routing Advanced distance vector capabilities Automatic route summarization on major network boundaries

EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay by default to calculate its metric. It can also be configured to use reliability, load, and MTU. EIGRP's metric is the same as IGRP's metric, except that it is multiplied by 256 for improved granularity.
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IS-IS: Intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) is an Hybrid routing protocol originally designed for CLNS as part of the OSI protocol stack and described in ISO 10589 . It was extended to include support for routing IP . It is now used in large backbone carriers today for delivering IP routing information. It maintains a link state database similar to OSPF . It supports variable length subnet mask s. As with all routing protocols it resides at the network layer of the OSI model . IS-IS uses multicast to discover neighbouring router s using hello packets. It supports authentication of routing updates. (Ref:
http://www.tutorgig.com/encyclopedia/getdefn.jsp?keywords=IS-IS)

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